Готові списки джерел за темами / Steel Hydrogen embrittlement Testing

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Steel Hydrogen embrittlement Testing"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022
Оновлено: 29 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Steel Hydrogen embrittlement Testing"

1

Martins, Franc A., J. A. Ponciano, and Ivani de S. Bott. "Saw Welded Joints of Two API Steels Subject to SCC Laboratory Testing." Materials Science Forum 539-543 (March 2007): 4440–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.4440.

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Анотація:
Many steels tubes used in the Oil Industry are constantly exposed to hydrogen sulphide (H2S) which can lead to the diffusion of hydrogen into the steel, potentially provoking hydrogen embrittlement and/or stress corrosion cracking. Additionally the critical region in pipelines is usually considered to be the welded joints. In this work SAW welded joints of two API steels, grades X80 and X70, were evaluated using laboratory tests according to the NACE TM0177/96 METHOD A Standard and the slow strain rate test (SSRT) using a sodium thiosulphate solution. The results indicate that both steel grades can be susceptible to HE and SCC, since loss of ductility when submitted to SSRT and failure under NACE TM0177/96 METHOD A were observed.
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2

Liu, Bo, Xiaolin Liao, Yuanshou Tang, Yu Si, Yi Feng, Pengjun Cao, Qingwei Dai, and Kejian Li. "Effects of the Addition of Nb and V on the Microstructural Evolution and Hydrogen Embrittlement Resistance of High Strength Martensitic Steels." Scanning 2022 (February 24, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4040800.

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Анотація:
Hydrogen embrittlement can easily occur in high strength martensitic steel, manifesting itself as a sudden failure or fracture without warning and greatly threatening the safety of automotive applications. Optimizing the composition of the alloy can be performed by matching heat treatment processing methods and controlling the precipitation amounts to form hydrogen traps. In doing so, the hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of steel can be effectively delayed, reducing the risk of hydrogen-induced delayed cracking. In this study, four kinds of 1500 MPa strength grade martensitic steel were selected for testing and supplemented with different loadings of Nb and V, respectively. Their grains, phases, and precipitations were compared by optical microscopy (OM), electron backscattered diffraction (ESBD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses. After the addition of Nb and V, the microstructure was refined, the residual austenite content increased, and the hydrogen embrittlement resistance was significantly improved.
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3

Zhou, Haiting, Dongdong Ye, Jianjun Chen, Qiang Wang, and Xinwei Fan. "Discussion on the characterisation of hydrogen embrittlement based on eddy current signals." Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring 62, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1784/insi.2020.62.1.11.

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Анотація:
A non-destructive testing (NDT) method for evaluating mechanical performance has been studied based on the analysis of eddy current signals. Low-alloy steel samples were tested under conditions of tension with the aim of quantifying hydrogen embrittlement (HE). The mechanical responses of samples were investigated after electrochemical hydrogen charging. Eddy current signals were gathered to evaluate the hydrogen embrittlement state using a differential probe. Numerical analysis of hydrogen concentration distribution in material was performed to investigate the response mechanism of the signal. The effect that hydrogen has on the mechanical performance of low-alloy steel has been discussed. The experimental results show that the eddy current signal has a good correlation with the hydrogen-induced plasticity loss index.
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4

Rodoni, Esteban, Andreas Viereckl, Zakaria Quadir, Aaron Dodd, Kim Verbeken, Tom Depover, and Mariano Iannuzzi. "Hydrogen Stress Cracking Resistance and Hydrogen Transport Properties of ASTM A508 Grade 4N." Corrosion 78, no. 1 (December 2, 2021): 96–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/3949.

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Анотація:
Low alloy steels combine relatively low cost with exceptional mechanical properties, making them commonplace in oil and gas equipment. However, their strength and hardness are restricted for sour environments to prevent different forms of hydrogen embrittlement. Materials used in sour services are regulated by the ISO 15156-2 standard, which imposes a maximum hardness of 250 HV (22 HRC) and allows up to 1.0 wt% Ni additions due to hydrogen embrittlement concerns. Low alloy steels that exceed the ISO 15156-2 limit have to be qualified for service, lowering their commercial appeal. As a result, high-performing, usually high-nickel, low alloy steels used successfully in other industries are rarely considered for sour service. In this work, the hydrogen stress cracking resistance of the high-nickel (3.41 wt%), quenched and tempered, nuclear-grade ASTM A508 Gr.4N low alloy steel was investigated using slow strain rate testing as a function of applied cathodic potential. Results showed that the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength were unaffected by hydrogen, even at a high negative potential of −2.00 VAg/AgCl. Hydrogen embrittlement effects were observed once the material started necking, manifested by a loss in ductility with increasing applied cathodic potentials. Indeed, A508 Gr.4N was less affected by hydrogen at high cathodic potentials than a low-strength (yield strength = 340 MPa) ferritic-pearlitic low alloy steel of similar nickel content. Additionally, hydrogen diffusivity was measured using the hydrogen permeation test. The calculated hydrogen diffusion coefficient of the ASTM A508 Gr.4N was two orders of magnitude smaller when compared to that of ferritic-pearlitic steels. Hydrogen embrittlement and diffusion results were linked to the microstructure features. The microstructure consisted of a bainitic/martensitic matrix with the presence of Cr23C6 carbides as well as Mo- and V-rich precipitates, which might have played a role in retarding hydrogen diffusion, kept responsible for the improved HE resistance.
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5

Trautmann, Anton, Gregor Mori, Wolfgang Siegl, Mathias Truschner, Josefine Pfeiffer, Marianne Kapp, Andreas Keplinger, Markus Oberndorfer, and Stephan Bauer. "Hydrogen Uptake of Duplex 2205 at H2 Partial Pressures up to 100 bar." BHM Berg- und Hüttenmännische Monatshefte 165, no. 1 (December 20, 2019): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00501-019-00934-6.

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AbstractMicrobiological methanation is investigated in an underground natural gas reservoir. Since H2 is involved in the process, hydrogen embrittlement of steel must inevitably be considered. Therefore, a routine for testing has been developed and a unique autoclave test bench was designed to simulate field conditions. The 2205 duplex stainless steel (UNS S31803) was investigated. Constant load tests (CLTs) and immersion tests with subsequent hydrogen analyses were performed. The specimens were exposed to different partial pressures of H2 under both dry and wet conditions (with brine). Additionally, the influence of CO2 under wet conditions was covered. Tests were performed at two different temperatures (25 °C and 80 °C) and lasted for 30 days. In general, the duplex stainless steel shows a good resistance to hydrogen embrittlement, but a significantly higher hydrogen uptake was obtained compared to other steel grades.
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6

Ebling, Fabien, Silke Klitschke, Ken Wackermann, and Johannes Preußner. "The Effect of Hydrogen on Failure of Complex Phase Steel under Different Multiaxial Stress States." Metals 12, no. 10 (October 12, 2022): 1705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12101705.

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Анотація:
The demand for advanced high-strength steel (AHSS) in the automotive industry has increased over the last few years. Nevertheless, it is known that AHSSs are susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement. Therefore, the influence of hydrogen on the localization and damage behavior of a CP1000 steel sheet was investigated in this work. The sheet metal was electrochemically charged to a hydrogen content of about 3 ppm (by weight). Tensile tests were performed at different nominal strain rates between 0.00004 s−1 and 0.01 s−1 to investigate the effects of strain rates on their susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement. Nakajima tests were utilized to investigate the hydrogen effects on the steel’s formability under different stress states. Three different Nakajima specimen geometries were employed to represent a uniaxial stress state, a nearly plane strain stress state, and an equibiaxial stress state. Further, forming limits were evaluated with the standardized section line method. Hydrogen embrittlement, during tensile testing, occurred independent of the strain rate, unlike the Nakajima test results, which showed hydrogen effects that were strongly dependent on the stress state.
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7

Li, Jinbo, Xiuhua Gao, Hongwei Chen, Hongyan Wu, Linxiu Du, and Chen Chen. "Hydrogen Embrittlement Susceptibility of Corrosion-Resistant Spring Rod Used in High-Speed Railway." Metals 13, no. 1 (January 11, 2023): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13010147.

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Анотація:
The corrosion of spring steel is very important for vehicle safety. In this work, we conducted an experiment on multi-element micro-alloy composition design; the corrosion resistance of a 60Si2Mn spring was improved by adding Cr, Ni, Cu and other corrosion-resistant elements, and the corrosion resistance index (I) was increased from 3.21 to 8.62. Hydrogen embrittlement resistance was studied using a hydrogen permeation experiment and a slow strain rate tensile experiment. For this study, the following steps were performed: Firstly, the material composition was designed, and the experimental materials that met the experimental design were prepared according to the corresponding deformation and heat treatment process; secondly, the experimental materials were charged with hydrogen; and finally, conventional tensile testing, slow tensile testing and fracture morphology testing were carried out. A hydrogen permeation experiment was carried out for the materials. The result showed that, with the increase of hydrogen charging time, the hydrogen content of two steel samples increased, and the plasticity indexes such as elongation and reduction of the area appeared in three different stages which rapidly decreased, slowly declined, and then tended to balance. The uniform NbC nano precipitated phase can double the number of irreversible hydrogen traps (Nir) per unit volume, and decreased the effective hydrogen diffusion coefficient (Deff) from 1.135 × 10−10 to 6.036 × 10−11. It limited the free diffusion of hydrogen and made the immersed hydrogen harmless, thus improving the hydrogen embrittlement resistance of corrosion-resistant spring steel 60Si2Mn.
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8

Titov, Anatolii I., Aleksandr V. Lun-Fu, Aleksandr V. Gayvaronskiy, Mikhail A. Bubenchikov, Aleksei M. Bubenchikov, Andrey M. Lider, Maxim S. Syrtanov, and Viktor N. Kudiiarov. "Hydrogen Accumulation and Distribution in Pipeline Steel in Intensified Corrosion Conditions." Materials 12, no. 9 (April 30, 2019): 1409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12091409.

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Анотація:
Hydrogen accumulation and distribution in pipeline steel under conditions of enhanced corrosion has been studied. The XRD analysis, optical spectrometry and uniaxial tension tests reveal that the corrosion environment affects the parameters of the inner and outer surface of the steel pipeline as well as the steel pipeline bulk. The steel surface becomes saturated with hydrogen released as a reaction product during insignificant methane dissociation. Measurements of the adsorbed hydrogen concentration throughout the steel pipe bulk were carried out. The pendulum impact testing of Charpy specimens was performed at room temperature in compliance with national standards. The mechanical properties of the steel specimens were found to be considerably lower, and analogous to the properties values caused by hydrogen embrittlement.
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9

Law, M., and D. Nolan. "Test Methods to Assess Transverse Weld Metal Hydrogen Cracking." Advanced Materials Research 41-42 (April 2008): 427–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.41-42.427.

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Анотація:
Hydrogen cracking in steel weldments can drastically reduce the toughness and ductility of welds in steel structures. Unfortunately, the development of the hydrogen economy will also see materials being increasingly exposed to hydrogen, in processes such as during hydrogen production and transportation. Thus, test methods are required which allow for a reproducible assessment of hydrogen embrittlement in weld material. In this article, rectangular test specimens made from weld bead on plate samples were subject to 4-point bend testing to investigate the relationship between applied stress, hydrogen content and embrittlement. This test concentrates the stresses in the weld bead, thus reducing the effects of premature HAZ cracking and enabling failure to develop in the weld metal, and showed good reproducibility. This test may form the basis for an industry test. Another test method is described using an un-machined weld bead on plate. A method of calculating the stresses and strains in this specimen in 4-point bending was developed.
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10

Artola, Garikoitz, and Javier Aldazabal. "Hydrogen Assisted Fracture of 30MnB5 High Strength Steel: A Case Study." Metals 10, no. 12 (November 30, 2020): 1613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10121613.

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Анотація:
When steel components fail in service due to the intervention of hydrogen assisted cracking, discussion of the root cause arises. The failure is frequently blamed on component design, working conditions, the manufacturing process, or the raw material. This work studies the influence of quench and tempering and hot-dip galvanizing on the hydrogen embrittlement behavior of a high strength steel. Slow strain rate tensile testing has been employed to assess this influence. Two sets of specimens have been tested, both in air and immersed in synthetic seawater, at three process steps: in the delivery condition of the raw material, after heat treatment and after heat treatment plus hot-dip galvanizing. One of the specimen sets has been tested without further manipulation and the other set has been tested after applying a hydrogen effusion treatment. The outcome, for this case study, is that fracture risk issues only arise due to hydrogen re-embrittlement in wet service.
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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Steel Hydrogen embrittlement Testing"

1

Brahimi, Salim. "Effect of surface processing variables on hydrogen embrittlement of steel fasteners." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112560.

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Incremental step load testing was used in accordance with ASTM F1940 to rank a number coating processes used in the fastener industry for their propensity to cause internal hydrogen embrittlement. The results showed that coating permeability has a first order effect, while the quantity of hydrogen introduced by the process has a second order effect. Pure zinc electroplating processes, alkaline and acid, were found to be the most embrittling, owing to the low permeability of zinc. The least embrittling processes were zinc-nickel, alkaline and acid, owing to the high permeability of Zn-Ni coatings. Non-electrolytic processes, namely phosphating, mechanical galvanising, DacrometRTM and Magni 555RTM were found to be non-embrittling. Hot dip galvanising was found to be highly embrittling, evidently due to trapped hydrogen being released by the thermal shock of up-quenching upon immersion in molten zinc. The full effect of up-quenching on the metallurgical and mechanical properties of high strength steel requires further investigation.
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2

Bromley, Darren Michael. "Hydrogen embrittlement testing of austenitic stainless steels SUS 316 and 316L." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/925.

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Анотація:
The imminent emergence of the hydrogen fuel industry has resulted in an urgent mandate for very specific material testing. Although storage of pressurized hydrogen gas is both practical and attainable, demands for increasing storage pressures (currently around 70 MPa) continue to present unexpected material compatibility issues. It is imperative that materials commonly used in gaseous hydrogen service are properly tested for hydrogen embrittlement resistance. To assess material behavior in a pressurized hydrogen environment, procedures were designed to test materials for susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement. Of particular interest to the field of high-pressure hydrogen in the automotive industry, austenitic stainless steels SUS 316 and 316L were used to validate the test programs. Tests were first performed in 25 MPa helium and hydrogen at room temperature and at -40°C. Tests in a 25 MPa hydrogen atmosphere caused embrittlement in SUS 316, but not in 316L. This indicated that alloys with higher stacking fault energies (316L) are more resistant to hydrogen embrittlement. Decreasing the test temperature caused slight embrittlement in 316L and significantly enhanced it in 316. Alternatively, a second set of specimens was immersed in 70 MPa hydrogen at 100°C until reaching a uniform concentration of absorbed hydrogen. Specimens were then loaded in tension to failure to determine if a bulk saturation of hydrogen provided a similar embrittling effect. Neither material succumbed to the effects of gaseous pre-charging, indicating that the embrittling mechanism requires a constant supply of hydrogen at the material surface rather than having bulk concentration of dissolved hydrogen. Permeation tests were also performed to ensure that hydrogen penetrated the samples and to develop material specific permeation constants. To pave the way for future work, prototype equipment was constructed allowing tensile or fatigue tests to be performed at much higher hydrogen pressures. To determine the effect of pressure on hydrogen embrittlement, additional tests can be performed in hydrogen pressures up to 85 MPa hydrogen. The equipment will also allow for cyclic loading of notched tensile or compact tension specimens for fatigue studies.
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3

Li, Xuan. "Hydrogen Effects on X80 Steel Mechanical Properties Measured by Tensile and Impact Testing." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6110.

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Анотація:
The effect of hydrogen charging current density and tensile strain rate on the mechanical properties of X80 pipeline steel were investigated by slow strain rate test (SSRT), Charpy impact test, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in this thesis. The results show that both the ultimate tensile strength and elongation to failure of X80 steel were deteriorated significantly after charging with hydrogen. With a strain rate of 5 x 10-5 s-1, the relative tensile strength and plasticity loss of X80 steel had no significant change within the range of assumed hydrogen partial pressures at room temperature. At room temperature, X80 steel had no apparent variation in ultimate tensile strength and elongation, except at the strain rate of 10-6 s-1. Specimens obtained the greatest relative tensile strength loss and plasticity loss when strained at 10-6 s-1 with a current density of 4.6 mA/cm2. The fracture morphology of two test groups of X80 steel exhibited significant brittle rupture when tested with dynamic hydrogen charging. The impact energy of X80 was not affected by hydrogen charging. Different current density also had no influence on the results of the impact test.
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4

Tohme, Elia. "A contribution to the understanding of hydrogen diffusion and embrittlement in metallic materials based on SKPFM measurements and mechanical testing." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEM025.

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Анотація:
Cette étude contribue à une meilleure compréhension du phénomène de fragilisation par l’hydrogène des aciers.la première partie du manuscrit est consacrée à l'évaluation d'une méthode récemment développée pour étudier la diffusion de l'hydrogène, basée sur la détection de la variation du travail de sortie en surface par microscopie à force atomique et sonde de kelvin (skpfm). un acier inoxydable duplex a été utilisé, les deux phases ayant chacune des caractéristiques liées à l’hydrogène (diffusivité, solubilité) différentes. une couche de palladium a été déposée sur la surface d’observation qui se comporte comme un collecteur d’hydrogène. une simulation par éléments finis de la diffusion d’hydrogène dans un système multiphasé a été développée afin d’interpréter les observations expérimentales. il est démontré que la technique de skpfm doit être considérée comme un moyen de suivre localement la désorption de l’hydrogène dans la couche de pd, plutôt qu’un moyen de cartographier la concentration en hydrogène dans la microstructure du matériau.la deuxième partie traite de la fph d'un acier maraging sous chargement cathodique au regard des propriétés de diffusion et de piégeage de l'hydrogène. des essais mécaniques dynamiques et statiques ont été utilisés, tandis que différentes conditions d’entrée d’hydrogène ont été explorées : chargement cathodique direct de l’hydrogène ou, via un trajet de diffusion dans le matériau en protégeant la pointe de l’entaille de l’environnement. l’amorçage de la fissure dépend du transport de l'hydrogène par diffusion accélérée selon des chemins préférentiels. un régime sous-critique de propagation de fissure est identifié. il correspond à un mode de fissuration mixte inter/transgranulaire, le mode ig faisant référence aux anciens joints de grain gamma et le mode tg à des interfaces de fortes désorientations. cette étape est dépendante de la diffusion de l’hydrogène; elle correspond à des vitesses de propagation de fissure relativement stable en fonction du facteur d'intensité des contraintes
This study contributes to a better understanding of the hydrogen embrittlement phenomenon of steels.the first part of this manuscript is devoted to the assessment of a recently developed method to study hydrogen diffusion based on the detection of the variation of the work function of the surface by scanning kelvin probe microscopy (skpfm). a duplex stainless steel was used in this study, due to its two different phases having different hydrogen-related characteristics (diffusivity, solubility). a palladium layer was deposited on the observation surface and behaved as a hydrogen collector. a finite element simulation of hydrogen diffusion in a multiphase system was developed to explain the experimental observations. it is shown that skpfm should be considered as a way to monitor locally the release of hydrogen into the palladium layer, rather than a way to map the hydrogen concentration in the material microstructure.the second part of the manuscript deals with the hydrogen embrittlement of a maraging steel under cathodic charging with regard to hydrogen diffusion and trapping properties. dynamic and static mechanical testing were used, while various conditions of hydrogen ingress were explored corresponding to a direct cathodic hydrogen charging, or via a diffusion path in the material by protecting the notch tip from the environment. crack initiation stage is dependent on the hydrogen transport, and accumulation, by accelerated diffusion along preferential paths. a sub-critical regime of crack propagation is identified. it corresponds to a mixed intergranular/transgranular mode of cracking, the ig mode referring to prior gamma-grain boundaries and tg mode to high-angle misorientation interfaces of the martensite. this stage is hydrogen diffusion-dependent; it corresponds to a steady state crack growth rate vs stress intensity factor. the final fracture at a critical kih value is dependent on hydrogen content in the material and refers to tg mode of cracking
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5

Santos, Luis Paulo MourÃo dos. "AvaliaÃÃo da fragilizaÃÃo por hidrogÃnio no aÃo maraging 300." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=12599.

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Анотація:
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de NÃvel Superior
Os aÃos maraging sÃo ligas de ultra-alta resistÃncia com vasta aplicaÃÃo na engenharia, desde vasos de alta pressÃo de operaÃÃo em processos crÃticos, componentes aeronÃuticos, aplicaÃÃes militares atà equipamentos esportivos. O presente trabalho buscou avaliar os efeitos da fragilizaÃÃo por hidrogÃnio no aÃo maraging 18% Ni da classe 300, nas condiÃÃes solubilizada e envelhecida. As amostras foram solubilizadas a 1093 Â10K por 3,6 ks, seguido de um resfriamento ao ar e envelhecidas a 753 e 843 Â10K por 10,8 ks, respectivamente e resfriadas ao ar. Foi realizada uma caracterizaÃÃo microestrutural por difraÃÃo de raios-X, correntes parasitas, medidas de dureza Rockwell e microscopia eletrÃnica e Ãptica. Para avaliar os efeitos do ingresso de hidrogÃnio nas propriedades mecÃnicas do aÃo maraging 18% Ni da classe 300 foram realizados ensaios de traÃÃo com baixa taxa de deformaÃÃo (BTD). A taxa de deformaÃÃo aplicada foi 1,0 x 10-6 s-1. Os ensaios foram realizados ao ar (meio inerte) e em soluÃÃo de 3,5% NaCl sob o potencial catÃdico de -1,2 VECS. Foi observada uma reduÃÃo de 11,06 para 3,89% no alongamento e de 61,28 para 10% na reduÃÃo de Ãrea para as amostras solubilizadas. As amostras envelhecidas a 753 Â10K por 10.8 ks apresentaram maior reduÃÃo nessas propriedades. Nesta condiÃÃo a reduÃÃo observada foi de 1929,26 MPa para amostras ensaiadas ao ar para 447,64 MPa para amostras ensaiadas em soluÃÃo de 3,5% NaCl sob potencial catÃdico no limite de resistÃncia e de 7,30 para 1,62 % no alongamento. As amostras envelhecidas a 843 Â10K, as quais apresentaram de cerca de 10% de austenita sofreram fragilizaÃÃo similar as amostras envelhecidas a 753 Â10K. Trincas secundÃrias perpendiculares a carga aplicada foram observadas nas amostras solubilizadas e ensaiadas em soluÃÃo de 3,5% NaCl sob potencial catÃdico. Os resultados indicam que a presenÃa de precipitados e de austenita revertida impedem a propagaÃÃo de trincas secundÃrias na seÃÃo longitudinal nas condiÃÃes envelhecidas. A anÃlise da superfÃcie de fratura revelou caracterÃstica de uma fratura dÃctil nas amostras ensaiadas ao ar com dimples de diferentes tamanhos e profundidades, enquanto que nas amostras ensaiadas em soluÃÃo de 3,5% NaCl sob potencial catÃdico foram observadas trincas induzidas pelo hidrogÃnio e microcavidades e regiÃes de quase-clivagem para todas as condiÃÃes estudadas.
Maraging steels are ultra high strength alloys widely used in engineering applications from high pressure vessels operating in critical processes, aircraft components, military applications to sports equipment. This work assessed the effects of hydrogen embrittlement in 18% Ni maraging grade 300 steel in the solution annealed and aged conditions. Samples were solution annealed at 1093 Â10K for 3.6 ks, followed by air cooling and aging at 753 and 843 Â10K for 10.8 ks, respectively, and cooled by air. The microstructure was characterized by X-ray diffraction, eddy current, hardness measurement and optical and electron microscopy. To assess the effects of hydrogen ingress on the mechanical properties of 18% Ni maraging grade 300 steel, slow strain rate tests (SSRT) were performed. A strain rate of 1.0x10-6 s-1 was applied. The tests were carried out in air (middle inert) and the samples immersed in the electrolyte at a simultaneous potential of -1.2 VSEC. The results showed the reduction elongation from 11.06 to 3.89% and from 61,28 to 10% in reduction of area for samples in the solution annealed condition. The greatest reductions were observed in the samples aged at 753 Â10K for 10.8 ks. In this condition the reduction from 1929.26 MPa in air tests to 447.64 MPa in ultimate tensile strength and from 7.30 to 1.62% in elongation under cathodic polarization in the 3,5% NaCl solution was observed. The samples aged at 843 Â10K for 10.8 ks, where about 10% of reverted austenite was identified, showed evidence of hydrogen embrittlement as seen in the samples treated at different conditions. Secondary cracks, perpendicular to the loading direction at the longitudinal surface of the solution annealed fractured samples immersed in 3,5% NaCl solution under cathodic potential were seen. The results evidence that the precipitates and reverted austenite difficult secondary crack propagation in longitudinal section on aged samples. Scanning electron examination showed a change in fractografic features from ductile dimples to quasi-cleavage and microvoid modes when comparing samples without (air tested) and with hydrogen ingress.
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6

Ornek, Cem. "Performance characterisation of duplex stainless steel in nuclear waste storage environment." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/performance-characterisation-of-duplex-stainless-steel-in-nuclear-waste-storage-environment(4db73e9b-c87c-40a6-9778-0b823b1c499f).html.

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The majority of UK’s intermediate level radioactive waste is currently stored in 316L and 304L austenitic stainless steel containers in interim storage facilities for permanent disposal until a geological disposal facility has become available. The structural integrity of stainless steel canisters is required to persevere against environmental degradation for up to 500 years to assure a safe storage and disposal scheme. Hitherto existing severe localised corrosion observances on real waste storage containers after 10 years of exposure to an ambient atmosphere in an in-land warehouse in Culham at Oxfordshire, however, questioned the likelihood occurrence of stress corrosion cracking that may harm the canister’s functionality during long-term storage. The more corrosion resistant duplex stainless steel grade 2205, therefore, has been started to be manufactured as a replacement for the austenitic grades. Over decades, the threshold stress corrosion cracking temperature of austenitic stainless steels has been believed to be 50-60°C, but lab- and field-based research has shown that 304L and 316L may suffer from atmospheric stress corrosion cracking at ambient temperatures. Such an issue has not been reported to occur for the 2205 duplex steel, and its atmospheric stress corrosion cracking behaviour at low temperatures (40-50°C) has been sparsely studied which requires detailed investigations in this respect. Low temperature atmospheric stress corrosion cracking investigations on 2205 duplex stainless steel formed the framework of this PhD thesis with respect to the waste storage context. Long-term surface magnesium chloride deposition exposures at 50°C and 30% relative humidity for up to 15 months exhibited the occurrence of stress corrosion cracks, showing stress corrosion susceptibility of 2205 duplex stainless steel at 50°C.The amount of cold work increased the cracking susceptibility, with bending deformation being the most critical type of deformation mode among tensile and rolling type of cold work. The orientation of the microstructure deformation direction, i.e. whether the deformation occurred in transverse or rolling direction, played vital role in corrosion and cracking behaviour, as such that bending in transverse direction showed almost 3-times larger corrosion and stress corrosion cracking propensity. Welding simulation treatments by ageing processes at 750°C and 475°C exhibited substantial influences on the corrosion properties. It was shown that sensitisation ageing at 750°C can render the material enhanced susceptible to stress corrosion cracking at even low chloride deposition densities of ≤145 µm/cm². However, it could be shown that short-term heat treatments at 475°C can decrease corrosion and stress corrosion cracking susceptibility which may be used to improve the materials performance. Mechanistic understanding of stress corrosion cracking phenomena in light of a comprehensive microstructure characterisation was the main focus of this thesis.
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7

Buckley, J. R. "Hydrogen embrittlement of austenitic stainless steel." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315550.

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8

Butler, J. J. F. "Hydrogen embrittlement of austenitic stainless steel." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374127.

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9

Hutchings, D. "Hydrogen embrittlement of duplex stainless steel." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.631722.

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Duplex stainless steels (DSS's) are frequently used in oil and gas production and are subsequently subjected to cathodic protection. There is now growing concern about the cathodic evolution of hydrogen produced from this protection system, which may diffuse into the alloy and cause an embrittled condition. DSS's have a microstructure that is a mixture of austenite and ferrite and combines the advantages of these grades, whilst minimising their deficiences. In this research, Zeron 100 DSS was studied in six conditions to investigate the effects of hydrogen embrittlement (HE) on the various strengths and microstructures. The six conditions wer~ as follows: as-received, cold worked, age-hardened (475°C embrittlement), high temperature heat treated, rod and powder. To simulate service environments, 3.5% wt NaCI solution at ambient temperature with an applied potential of -1.1 V (SCE) was used. The effect of pre-charging for up to 550 hours at 80°C was also investigated. Test methods included slow strain rate testing (SSRT), monitoring of transient crack propagation (TCP) using circumferentially notched tensile specimens using a DC potential drop method, acoustic emission CAE) and some conventional bolt loaded fracture mechanics specimens. Test results were correlated with the varying microstructures and environmental conditions and consisted of mechanical properties, threshold crack growth including transient effects and AE data. In this work transgranular cleavage cracks were obtained in the susceptible ferrite phase as a direct result of HE; the depth of these cracks implied a high hydrogen concentration throughout the specimen. The austenite failed by ductile tearing and acted as a physical barrier to the propagation of cleavage cracks. As a result of SSR testing the best material was found to be the powder material; the fine equally dispersed austenite phase caused a lowering of the effective K value. The worst material was the high temperature heat treated type because it contained more ferrite (11:1 72%). The age-hardened material was also susceptible because of the hard and brittle ex' phase. However, regardless of the environment the UTS remained virtua]]y unchanged for each individual material, indicating that most cracking occurred in the post-UTS stage of the test. With the TCP test a lowering of the fracture load was found when an HE environment was used; daldt vs Kq curves were produced, however the DC potential drop equipment could not accurately measure crack growth because of the bridging effect of the austenite phase. The most susceptible microstructures were again the age-hardened and heat treated types. The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) was also investigated by creating a fresh surface on the as-received DSS and studying the changes in the HER. This work showed that the effect of scratching is irreversible. Also the oxide film can not be totaHy reduced electrochemica]]y and only mechanical methods can remove the oxide films entirely. Fina]]y a means of detecting "475°C embrittlement" of DSS's was investigated using an electrochemical technique in 5M HCI. i-E curves were produced which showed the reactivation of the ferrite and austenite phases in the as-received material. By age-hardening at 475°C the two reactivation peaks merged.
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10

Hsieh, Jang-Hsing. "Hydrogen embrittlement of cold worked plain carbon steel." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/12016.

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Книги з теми "Steel Hydrogen embrittlement Testing"

1

Pollock, W. J. Slow strain rate testing of high strength low-alloy steels: A technique for assessing the degree of hydrogen embrittlement produced by plating processes, paint strippers and other aircraft maintenance chemicals. Melbourne, Victoria: Dept. of Defence, Aeronautical Research Laboratories, 1985.

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2

Al-Ogula, M. Hydrogen embrittlement of high strength structural steel. Manchester: UMIST, 1994.

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3

Shapovalov, V. I. Flokeny i kontrolʹ vodoroda v stali. Moskva: "Metallurgii͡a︡", 1987.

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4

Gavrili͡uk, V. G. Raspredelenie ugleroda v stali. Kiev: Nauk. dumka, 1987.

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5

Norman, Bailey, ed. Welding steels without hydrogen cracking. 2nd ed. Abington, Cambridge: Abington Publishing, 1993.

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6

Maksimchuk, V. P. Vodorodnoe rastreskivanie vysokoprochnykh staleĭ posle nanesenii︠a︡ galʹvanokhimicheskikh pokrytiĭ. Moskva: Ėnergoatomizdat, 2002.

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7

I, Archakov I͡U. Vodorodnai͡a korrozii͡a stali. Moskva: "Metallurgii͡a", 1985.

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8

Shved, Mechislav Mikhaĭlovich. Izmenenie ėkspluatat͡s︡ionnykh svoĭstv zheleza i stali pod vlii͡a︡niem vodoroda. Kiev: Nauk. dumka, 1985.

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9

Vaĭnman, A. B. Vodorodnoe okhrupchivanie ėlementov kotlov vysokogo davlenii͡a︡. Kiev: Nauk. dumka, 1990.

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10

Timmins, P. F. Solutions to hydrogen attack in steels. Materials Park, OH: ASM International, 1997.

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Частини книг з теми "Steel Hydrogen embrittlement Testing"

1

Beswick, John M. "Chapter 15 | Hydrogen (Embrittlement) Effects in Bearing Steels." In Rolling Bearing Steel: Design, Technology, Testing and Measurements, 287–99. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/mnl8320200017.

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2

Dietzel, Wolfgang. "Hydrogen Embrittlement of Steels – Testing and Modelling as a Joint Effort." In Integrity of Pipelines Transporting Hydrocarbons, 115–26. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0588-3_9.

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3

Krishnan, K. N., J. F. Knott, and M. Strangwood. "Hydrogen Embrittlement During Corrosion Fatigue of Duplex Stainless Steel." In Hydrogen Effects in Materials, 689–96. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118803363.ch60.

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4

Korinko, P. S., R. L. Sindelar, R. L. Kesterson, and T. M. Adams. "Hydrogen Embrittlement Testing of a Zirconium Based Alloy." In TMS2015 Supplemental Proceedings, 1203–8. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119093466.ch145.

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5

Korinko, P. S., R. L. Sindelar, R. L. Kesterson, and T. M. Adams. "Hydrogen Embrittlement Testing of a Zirconium Based Alloy." In TMS 2015 144th Annual Meeting & Exhibition, 1203–8. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48127-2_145.

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6

Turnbull, Alan. "Testing and Modelling for Prediction of Hydrogen Embrittlement." In Ageing Studies and Lifetime Extension of Materials, 397–414. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1215-8_43.

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7

Wang, X. T., and Tadeusz Siwecki. "Study on Susceptibility of Hydrogen Embrittlement in a Tool Steel." In Materials Science Forum, 103–6. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-462-6.103.

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8

Bian, Jian, Hardy Mohrbacher, Hongzhou Lu, and Wenjun Wang. "Development of Press Hardening Steel with High Resistance to Hydrogen Embrittlement." In HSLA Steels 2015, Microalloying 2015 & Offshore Engineering Steels 2015, 571–76. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119223399.ch69.

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9

Abdelmawla, Amir, Tarek M. Hatem, and Nasr M. Ghoniem. "Dislocation-Based Finite Element Modelling of Hydrogen Embrittlement in Steel Alloys." In TMS 2018 147th Annual Meeting & Exhibition Supplemental Proceedings, 213–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72526-0_20.

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10

Bian, Jian, Hardy Mohrbacher, Hongzhou Lu, and Wenjun Wang. "Development of Press Hardening Steel with High Resistance to Hydrogen Embrittlement." In HSLA Steels 2015, Microalloying 2015 & Offshore Engineering Steels 2015, 571–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48767-0_69.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Steel Hydrogen embrittlement Testing"

1

Jemblie, Lise, Vigdis Olden, Bård Nyhus, and Odd Magne Akselsen. "Hydrogen Embrittlement Susceptibility of Clad Steel Pipes." In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65247.

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The objective of the present work has been to evaluate the hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of 316L - X60/X65 carbon steel hot rolled bonded clad pipes through experimental investigations and cohesive zone numerical simulations. Fracture mechanical testing in air and under in situ electrochemical hydrogen charging revealed little hydrogen influence on the samples with a Ni-interlayer between the clad and the base material, while significant hydrogen influence on the sample without a Ni-interlayer. Cohseive zone simulations were able to predict the detrimental influence of hydrogen on the fracture initiation toughness. The simulations suggest that hydrogen trapped at dislocations are mainly responsible for the embrittlement of the clad pipe base material.
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2

Wada, Yoru, Tatsuo Hasegawa, and Hirokazu Inoue. "Hydrogen Embrittlement Testing of 2.25 Cr-1Mo Steel Using Large Thick Specimen." In ASME 2002 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2002-1309.

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A large 3.5 inch thick compact tension specimen (CT) was hydrogen pre-charged in an extra high capacity autoclave in order to introduce hydrogen into steel, then hydrogen cracking tests were conducted for an extended period of time in ambient air. The anticipated out gassing from the specimen was significantly less in the 3.5T-CT specimen than in the conventional 1.0T-CT specimen. The residual hydrogen after 2 weeks of exposure to ambient air was as much as 80% (≥2 ppm) of the original hydrogen introduced. The threshold stress intensity factor for the onset of cracking (= KIH) for the high toughness, recently manufactured 2.25Cr-1Mo steel was severely degraded to KIH = 42 MPa√m (46 ksi√in) under ultra slow strain rate (dK/dt = 0.005 MPa√m/sec. (0.006 ksi√in/sec)) and subcritical cracking continued over 100 hours. The crack growth rate was kept almost constant regardless of slow change of increase or decrease in K. On the other hand, the temper embrittled 60’s 2.25Cr-1Mo steel showed brittle, unstable fracture at very low stress intensity factor (KIC-H = 33 MPa√m(36 ksi√in)) with no subcritical crack occurring before the fracture event. The fracture point KIC-H turned out to be as low as 10% of the fracture toughness KIC. Finally, comparisons were made between 2.25Cr-1Mo and 2.25Cr-1Mo-1/4V steels by tests of small specimens, since the 2.25Cr-1Mo-1/4V steel substantially retains hydrogen for its lowest diffnsion coefficient. The degree of hydrogen embrittlement is higher at room temperature for both steels.
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Baek, Un Bong, Hae Moon Lee, Seung Wook Baek, and Seung Hoon Nahm. "Hydrogen Embrittlement for X-70 Pipeline Steel in High Pressure Hydrogen Gas." In ASME 2015 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2015-45475.

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The tensile properties of API 5L X70 pipeline steels have been measured in a high-pressure (10 MPa) hydrogen gas environment. Significant decreases in elongation at failure and reduction of area were observed when testing in hydrogen as compared with air, and those changes were accompanied by noticeable changes in fracture morphology. The present paper exposes the changes in mechanical properties of a grade API 5L X70 steel through numerous mechanical tests, i.e. tensile tests, notch tensile tests, fracture toughness and fatigue crack growth measurements, performed either in atmosphere or in 10 MPa pressure of hydrogen gas.
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4

Zhang, Xiliang, and Changyu Zhou. "Study on the Hydrogen Effect on the Temper Embrittlement of 2.25Cr-1Mo Steel." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-29503.

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The relationship between hydrogen embrittlement and temper embrittlement of 2.25Cr-1Mo steel was investigated by Auger electron spectrometer testing and electrochemical hydrogen charging. The results indicate that atomic hydrogen increases the grain boundary concentration of impurity element P and temper embrittlement. The increscent temper embrittlement degree by hydrogen will rise with further embrittlement and the relationship between increscent temper embrittlement degree and temper embrittlement degree is ΔCp = log[4.9351×(Cp)1.31687]. The grain boundary segregation theory was used and results of theory calculation and testing show that the relationship between hydrogen embrittlement and temper embrittlement can be explained by theory of grain boundary segregation. The embrittlement degree of 2.25Cr-1Mo steel which is induced by hydrogen and temper embrittlement is Cp′ = log[4.9351×(Cp)1.31687]+Cp.
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5

Ronevich, Joseph, Chris San Marchi, and Dorian K. Balch. "Evaluating the Resistance of Austenitic Stainless Steel Welds to Hydrogen Embrittlement." In ASME 2019 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-93823.

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Abstract Austenitic stainless steels are used extensively in hydrogen gas containment components due to their known resilience in hydrogen environments. Depending on the conditions, degradation can occur in austenitic stainless steels but typically the materials retain sufficient mechanical properties within such extreme environments. In many hydrogen containment applications, it is necessary or advantageous to join components through welding as it ensures minimal gas leakage, unlike mechanical fittings that can become leak paths that develop over time. Over the years many studies have focused on the mechanical behavior of austenitic stainless steels in hydrogen environments and determined their properties to be sufficient for most applications. However, significantly less data have been generated on austenitic stainless steel welds, which can exhibit more degradation than the base material. In this paper, we assess the trends observed in austenitic stainless steel welds tested in hydrogen. Experiments of welds including tensile and fracture toughness testing are assessed and comparisons to behavior of base metals are discussed.
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Fukuyama, Seiji, Masaaki Imade, Zhang Lin, and Kiyoshi Yokogawa. "Hydrogen Embrittlement of Metals in 70 MPa Hydrogen at Room Temperature." In ASME 2005 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2005-71628.

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Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) of metals used in the system of fuel-cell vehicles, i.e., high-pressure hydrogen storage tanks and vessels, compressors, valves and pipes, is investigated in 70 MPa hydrogen at room temperature. The materials tested are austenitic stainless steels (i.e., SUS304; in the Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS), SUS316, SUS316L, and SUS316LN), a low-alloy steel (i.e., SCM440), carbon steels (i.e., SUY, S15C, S35C, S55C and S80C), a Ni-based superalloy (i.e., Inconel 718), and an aluminum alloy (i.e., A6061). Tensile tests were conducted at room temperature using a specially designed equipment developed by our laboratory, which was designed to measure the actual load on the specimen with an external load cell irrespective of the axial load caused by the high pressure and friction at sliding seals. SUS304 and SUS316 showed severe HE, while SUS316L and SUS316LN showed slight HE. Fracture occurred on strain-induced martensite of the austenitic stainless steels in hydrogen. SCM440 showed extreme HE depending on heat-treatment; in particular, quenched materials showed marked HE. The carbon steels showed extreme and severe HE depending on carbon content. Inconel 718 also showed severe HE, while A6061 showed negligible HE. These results and other HE testing results which AIST has done previously are summarized in the AIST HE data table. HE behavior of the material in high-pressure hydrogen is discussed in this paper.
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Konosu, Shinji, Hidenori Shimazu, Ryohei Fukuda, and Tadashi Horibe. "J-Resistance Properties of Cr-Mo Steels With Internal Hydrogen Measured by Means of Potential Drop Method." In ASME 2013 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2013-97877.

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The tearing resistance dJ/da of three kinds of 2.25Cr-1Mo steels and 2.25Cr-1Mo-0.3V steel with internal hydrogen was measured using the potential drop method. Internal hydrogen refers to test specimens that are precharged (thermally charged) prior to testing. In general, Cr-Mo steels used widely in the refining and petrochemical industry are susceptible to temper embrittlement. However, there are very few studies concerning the effects of hydrogen and temper embrittlement on J-resistance properties. The test specimens were prepared by subjecting them to normalizing, tempering and post-weld heat treatments which simulated actual conditions. Some specimens were embrittled by step cooling (Socal-1 treatment). Hydrogen substantially reduces the dJ/da of the steels other than the V-bearing steel and temper embrittlement additionally causes adverse effects on the dJ/da of the steels with internal hydrogen where the temper embrittlement parameter J-factor is larger than around 300.
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8

Hoyt, E., E. De Moor, and K. O. Findley. "Hydrogen Embrittlement Resistance of High Strength 9260 Bar Steel Heat Treated by Quenching and Partitioning." In HT2021. ASM International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.ht2021p0162.

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Abstract The influence of microstructure on hydrogen embrittlement of high strength steels for fastener applications is explored in this study. Space limiting applications in areas such as the automotive or agricultural industries provide a need for higher strength fasteners. Albeit, hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility typically increases with strength. Using a 9260 steel alloy, the influence of retained austenite volume fraction in a martensitic matrix was evaluated with microstructures generated via quenching and partitioning. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to assess the influence of retained austenite in the matrix with different quenching parameters. The quench temperatures varied from 160 °C up to 220 °C, and a constant partitioning temperature of 290 °C was employed for all quench and partitioned conditions. The target hardness for all testing conditions was 52-54 HRC. Slow strain rate tensile testing was conducted with cathodic hydrogen pre-charging that introduced a hydrogen concentration of 1.0-1.5 ppm to evaluate hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of these various microstructures. The retained austenite volume fraction and carbon content varied with the initial quench temperature. Additionally, the lowest initial quench temperature employed, which had the highest austenite carbon content, had the greatest hydrogen embrittlement resistance for a hydrogen concentration level of 1.0-1.5 ppm.
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Dadfarnia, Mohsen, Petros Sofronis, Ian Robertson, Brian P. Somerday, Govindarajan Muralidharan, and Douglas Stalheim. "Micromechanics of Hydrogen Transport and Embrittlement in Pipeline Steels." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-16325.

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The technology of large scale hydrogen transmission from central production facilities to refueling stations and stationary power sites is at present undeveloped. Among the problems which confront the implementation of this technology is the deleterious effect of hydrogen on structural material properties, in particular at gas pressure of 1000 psi which is the desirable transmission pressure suggested by economic studies for efficient transport. To understand the mechanisms of hydrogen embrittlement our approach integrates mechanical property testing, TEM observations, and finite element modeling. In this work a hydrogen transport methodology for the calculation of hydrogen accumulation ahead of a crack tip in a pipeline steel is outlined. The approach accounts for stress-driven transient diffusion of hydrogen and trapping at microstructural defects whose density evolves dynamically with deformation. The results are analyzed to correlate the level of load in terms of the applied stress intensity factor with the time after which hydrogen transport takes place under steady state conditions. The transient and steady state hydrogen concentration profiles are used to assess the hydrogen effect on the mechanisms of fracture as they depend on material microstructure.
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10

Li, Xiaoji, Ramgopal Thodla, Fabio Alves, Mario Castro, and Anand Venkatesh. "Hydrogen Embrittlement Evaluation of Different Heats of AISI 8630 Steel in Subsea Applications." In ASME 2020 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2020-21478.

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Abstract AISI 8630 steel used in subsea applications is subject to hydrogen embrittlement from externally applied cathodic protection. In this work, susceptibility variation on three grades of 8630 steel of different yield strength (YS), 100 ksi, 110 ksi and 120 ksi, were evaluated in terms of fracture toughness. Two different testing methods, slow rising displacement and incremental step loading testing, were used to generate J-R curves and determine the fracture toughness. The tests were performed at 40°F in air and simulated sea water (3.5 wt.% NaCl) with applied CP of −1050 mV SCE. The normalized fracture toughness values are discussed in this work. In all three grades, regardless of the test methods, the environmental toughness under CP conditions were significantly lower than the in-air values indicating that they are susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement. Effect of YS on the hydrogen embrittlement was also observed. The incremental step loading technique showed that Jth and the J-R curve slope decreased as the YS increases. The rising displacement method also clearly showed the lowest toughness and the flattest J-R curve slope in the highest strength grade (120ksi) despite showing similar performance between the 100ksi and 110ksi grades. The true stress-true strain analysis showed different strain hardening behavior among the three grades that may suggest the strain hardening plays a role in influencing the hydrogen embrittlement behavior among the grades. Overall, slight variation could be observed in the results from the two test methods which, however, did not appear to be biased against each other in determining lower bounds of the results.
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Звіти організацій з теми "Steel Hydrogen embrittlement Testing"

1

Moser, Robert, Preet Singh, Lawrence Kahn, Kimberly Kurtis, David González Niño, and Zackery McClelland. Crevice corrosion and environmentally assisted cracking of high-strength duplex stainless steels in simulated concrete pore solutions. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41620.

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This paper presents a study of crevice corrosion and environmentally assisted cracking (EAC) mechanisms in UNS S32205 and S32304 which were cold drawn to tensile strengths of approximately 1300 MPa. The study utilized a combination of electrochemical methods and slow strain rate testing to evaluate EAC susceptibility. UNS S32205 was not susceptible to crevice corrosion in stranded geometries at Cl⁻ concentrations up to 1.0 M in alkaline and carbonated simulated concrete pore solutions. UNS S32304 did exhibit a reduction in corrosion resistance when tested in a stranded geometry. UNS S32205 and S32304 were not susceptible to stress corrosion cracking at Cl⁻ concentrations up to 0.5 M in alkaline and carbonated solutions but were susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement with cathodic overprotection.
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2

Spencer, Gerald L. Hydrogen Embrittlement of Gun Steel. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada188972.

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Duncan, A. MECHANICAL TESTING OF CARBON STEEL IN HIGH PRESSURE HYDROGEN. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/895632.

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