Готові списки джерел за темами / State of nature

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "State of nature"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 25 травня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "State of nature"

Vause, Erika. "State of Nature." Agricultural History 97, no. 3 (August 1, 2023): 351–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00021482-10474417.

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Abstract Scholars have argued for the importance of industrial accidents and urban precarity in laying the groundwork for the European welfare state in nineteenth-century France. Given the central role that farming played in French economic, political, and cultural life, however, agricultural insurance was among the first and most frequently debated aspects of nineteenth-century attempts to apply insurance to the “social question.” This article explores what François Ewald has termed the “insurantial imaginary” of agricultural insurance by examining debates about which threats could or should be insured and who should insure them. Despite widespread consensus on the virtues of expanding insurance into the countryside, there remained huge areas of disagreement: What counted as an insurable risk in agriculture? How should that risk be assessed? And whose responsibility was it to insure such risks—that of private individuals or the French state? This article argues that the repeated failures of the various proposals designed to protect peasants against the vagaries of nature had as much to do with practical impediments as they did with ideas about the “naturalness” of certain dangers. This perception of the “natural” would inform the construction of the French welfare state.

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Eekelaar, John. "Parental responsibility: State of nature or nature of the state?" Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law 13, no. 1 (January 1991): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09649069108413929.

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Hindess, Barry. "Locke's state of nature." History of the Human Sciences 20, no. 3 (August 2007): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952695107079331.

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SIMMONS, A. JOHN. "Locke's State of Nature." Political Theory 17, no. 3 (August 1989): 449–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0090591789017003005.

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TROTTER, GRIFFIN. "Royce’s State of Nature." Pluralist 2, no. 2 (July 1, 2007): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20708899.

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Harby, Karla. "Menopause: disease state or state of nature?" Molecular Medicine Today 2, no. 10 (October 1996): 414–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1357-4310(96)84844-1.

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Tarai, Ashoka Kumar, and Rajashree Nayak. "Understanding Human Nature in the State of Nature." Research Journal of Philosophy & Social Sciences 47, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31995/rjpsss.2021v47i01.12.

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Letelier, Gonzalo. "An UFO called state of nature." Colloquia, Academic Journal of Culture and Thought 9 (December 16, 2022): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31207/colloquia.v9i0.135.

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Academic literature is unanimous in recognizing the relevance of Hobbes’s concept of state of nature for modern political philosophy. Many authors, especially under the influence of Leo Strauss and Quentin Skinner, have argued that this concept already existed before Hobbes; specifically, in Thomas Aquinas and the authors of the second scholasticism, strongly influenced by Aquinas. This article shows that this claim is based on an erroneous identification between the modern state of nature, the status legis naturae of Thomas Aquinas and the status naturae purae of late scholastic theology, and challenges the textual evidence advanced by them to prove the pre-existence of the concept. In doing so, it also contributes to better identify the precedents of Hobbes’s state of nature and to elucidate its historical relationship with related, though different scholastic concepts it has been confused with.

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Agarwal, Anita. "HUMAN NATURE IN ROUSSEAU’S STATE OF NATURE: AN ANALYSIS." REVIEW JOURNAL PHILOSOPHY & SOCIAL SCIENCE 48, no. 1 (2023): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31995/rjpss.2023.v48i01.002.

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Yuli W, Yuliana, Satino Satino, and Marina Ery Setiyawati. "Nature of Nation and State." Journal Research of Social, Science, Economics, and Management 1, no. 3 (October 28, 2021): 295–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.36418/jrssem.v1i3.25.

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State defense is the attitude, action, and behavior of citizens, both individually and in groups, in maintaining the sovereignty and integrity of the country, which is based on a sense of love for the homeland, national and state awareness of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. This research is a qualitative descriptive study with a Focus and Group (FGD) approach. The Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia based on Pancasila and the Law. The 1945 Constitution is willing to make sacrifices to ensure the survival of the Indonesian state from various threats, challenges, obstacles and disturbances (ATHG), both from within and from outside that endanger territorial integrity. Love for the homeland both together and with all components of the country in maintaining the existence of a safe, peaceful and controlled country.

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Дисертації з теми "State of nature"

Black, Marigold. "The Nature of a State in a State of Nature: The Earliest Imaginings of American Sovereignty, 1765-1776." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17024.

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This thesis examines colonial perspectives of sovereignty on the eve of the American Revolution. It argues that between 1765 and 1776, the colonists of British America formulated a distinct impression of sovereignty made sensible by the particularities of existence on a vast continent remote from the metropole. Where historians tend to discount the colonists’ discursive contributions in this era, arguing that they ultimately concurred with the logic of established legal and political doctrines, this thesis shows that their impressions also diverged from tradition, entailing notions of place, prosperity, identity, and faith, as well as law and politics. It was during this period, marked by the devolution of relations with the mother country, that lawyers, landholders, merchants, clergymen, and politicians assembled in Congress to consider the nature of a state in a state of nature and imagine sovereignty at its most fundamental level. Where does sovereignty operate? What are its sources and principles? Who decides on its character? What is its purpose? And by what means does it function? By analysing the pamphlets, political treatises, and official records, against the informal discourse that took place within the correspondence and private reveries of individuals, this thesis discovers how the colonists posed and answered these questions. As I will show, they claimed meanings both abstract and material for sovereignty, as it became a general and unassailable mandate for a revolutionary course. What was most arresting about their conceptions, and what constitutes the central contention of this thesis was that against the backdrop of the American enlightenment, the idea of sovereignty they devised was unequivocally divine. The laws of nature and nature’s God shaped its legal form, the God-given right to property and a life of liberty shaped its narrated structures, orders of providence and a concern for the good of mankind shaped its practice and perceptibility, and attentions to virtue and a prevailing belief in the supreme sovereignty of God shaped the bond of its power. This thesis explores the ways in which the sacred quality of sovereignty became known and fashioned into the cohering imperative and foundational notion for the legitimation of a fully fleshed nation.

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Sargent, Brianna C. "The Hobbesian State of Nature Among Nations." Ashland University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=auhonors1556751283322051.

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Newton, Michael. "The child of nature the feral child and the state of nature /." Thesis, Online version, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.244110.

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Dunser, Maria Lynn. "Reading nature, reading Eve reading human nature in John Milton's Paradise Lost /." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2008. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-04032008-144046.

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Narasimhan, Ajay Tejasvi. "Toward Understanding the Nature of Leadership in Alleviating State Fragility." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cgu_etd/27.

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Approximately sixty countries have been designated `Fragile States' by international development agencies. Home to two billion of the world's poorest people, these fragile states are characterized by violence, weak institutions and shattered economies. Not only do they pose a challenge to regional security, they often become the breeding grounds for terrorism. Donor agencies pour billions of dollars annually into these countries - through policy advice and conditional loans - to alleviate fragility and promote development. Development, however it is defined, involves economic, social and political transformation. Such a transformation is shaped by ideas, engages multiple interests, and proceeds within rules and norms set by political institutions. Since the structure of political institutions is influenced by human agency, leadership becomes important to study. Leadership is crucial particularly in fragile states, where institutions are weak or have been destroyed by conflict; however, a systematic effort to examine the role of leaders and coalitions in fragile states is lacking. This dissertation seeks to create a methodology to improve understanding of the role of different leadership strategies in bringing about transitions in and out of fragility. To make the scope manageable, the study focuses on: (i) leadership at the national level; and (ii) fragile states in Africa. It does so by examining: (i) evidence from country level panel data on leadership (regime) change and fragility; and (ii) in-depth analytical case studies of transitions in and out of fragility in four countries: Zimbabwe, Uganda, Rwanda, and South Africa. The analysis looks at the relationship between the change agent's leadership strategy (the independent variable: political participation and inclusion, economic growth and inclusion, and security and justice) and fragility outcomes (dependent variable: conflict and security indicators, economic indicators, and the approach to political inclusion). The results of the regression analysis exhibit a robust association between leadership change and fragility. Furthermore, the country cases show how different types of leadership strategies lead to varying trajectories of fragile states' post-transition. The case studies reveal different approaches to sequencing of political inclusion and the role of leadership exit in transitions from fragility.

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Acha, Elisabeth Juana. "The Peruvian state and the nature of the police forces." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249537.

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Castelblanco, Samantha A. "The Effects of Virtual Nature Exposure on State Social Motivation." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2021. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3860.

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Social health is an important predictor of overall health. Yet, it is an often neglected area of research. Strikingly, social connectedness is associated with a 50% reduction in risk of early death. While a plethora of research evidence supports the beneficial impact of nature exposure on physical and mental health, literature regarding the beneficial impact of nature exposure on social health is scant. In fact, no research to date has investigated the causal influence of nature exposure on social motivation, a construct comprised here of three measures (State Motivation to Foster Social Connections, State Positive Affect, and State Anxiety). The purpose of this study was twofold: 1) to examine the effects of virtual nature exposure on state social motivation, and 2) to investigate adverse childhood experiences as a moderator of those effects. In this online study, adult participants (N = 444) aged 18 to 58 were randomly assigned to one of the three experimental video conditions (wilderness nature exposure, urban non-nature exposure, indoor non-nature exposure). After watching a 15-minute video, participants completed measures related to state social motivation. Results revealed a significant main effect of nature exposure on state social motivation. However, the effects of nature exposure on state social motivation were not significantly moderated by adverse childhood experiences. Results suggest that nature exposure may have a positive impact on the development and maintenance of social connections and should be explored further as a social health intervention aimed at improving overall health.

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Freitas, Willam Gerson de. "A trajetória agônica do homem hobbesiano." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2011. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/25636.

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FREITAS, Willam Gerson de. A trajetória agônica do homem hobbesiano. 2011. 127f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Filosofia, Fortaleza (CE), 2011.
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The aim of this work is to discuss the concept of man on Thomas Hobbes in the three pillars that make up your theory: the state of nature, the contract and the State. First, it discusses the equality of men, the three causes of war of all against all, and how to understand the relationship between your theory and the historical moment in which he lived. Secondly, it is shown the concept of contract as a product of human capacity to transform the reality, and also the relationship between the mechanical and the moral, and the union of reason and passion in your anthropology. Finally, it analyzes the divine authority of the state and, because of this, the possibility of failure on the part of sovereign power with the rationale of the pact between individuals, which is the preservation of life. It intend to demonstrate that the seventeenth-century thinker sees the human condition as an agonizing journey, in which even the best guarantee of peace, the State, presents the possibility of serious drawbacks.
O objetivo deste trabalho é discutir a concepção de homem em Thomas Hobbes nos três pilares que compõe sua teoria: o estado natural, o contrato e o Estado. Em primeiro lugar, se analisa a igualdade entre os homens, as três causas da guerra de todos contra todos, e como compreender a relação entre a teoria do autor e o momento histórico em que ele viveu. Em segundo lugar, mostra-se a concepção de contrato como produto da capacidade humana de transformação da realidade e, ainda, a relação entre a mecânica e a moral, e a união de razão e paixões em sua antropologia. Por fim, destaca-se o Estado como detentor de uma autoridade divina e, em virtude disto, a possibilidade do descumprimento, por parte do poder soberano, com a razão de ser do pacto entre os indivíduos, a preservação da vida. Pretende-se demonstrar que o pensador seiscentista concebe a condição humana como uma trajetória agônica, na qual até mesmo a maior garantia de paz, o Estado, apresenta a possibilidade de sérios inconvenientes.

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Taggart, Paul A. "Green giants and sleeping giants: environmental interest group politics and the nature of the state." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/44692.

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The neglect that recent political science has shown toward the concept of the State has drastically reduced the efiicacy of analyses of environmental interest group politics. This thesis is an attempt to introduce a revamped concept of the State into such an analysis. The State is defined as both administrative and ideological. Through drawing out the logic of the environmentalist position, it can be shown how environmentalism challenges both these aspects of the modem State. It will then be shown how the State plays a decisive role in setting the parameters in which interest group activity operates, and how those parameters dictate that only groups which deny the logic of their own environmental ideological position gain access to existing power structures. The State, through the marketization, scientization, and technologization of the issues, has effectively defined the language of debate. This language is not the natural language of environmentalism, just as the definitions of the arena, and the norms of legitimacy and behavior sanctioned by the State are unsuited to the claims of environmentalism. By showing that the State has both the capacity and the incentive to intervene, the original premise of bringing the State back in to this analysis of environmental interest group politics in the United States is justified.

Master of Arts

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Alarcón, Pedro [Verfasser]. "The Ecuadorian Oil Era : Nature, Rent, and the State / Pedro Alarcón." Baden-Baden : Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1225182034/34.

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Книги з теми "State of nature"

State of nature. Seattle, Wash: Birch Paper Press, 2013.

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Schulze, Claudius. State of nature: Naturzustand. [Stuttgart]: Hartmann Books, 2017.

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Johnston, R. J. Environmental problems: Nature, economy, and state. London: Belhaven Press, 1989.

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Ohio. Division of Natural Areas and Preserves. Directory of Ohio's state nature preserves. Columbus: Ohio Dept. of Natural Resources, Division of Natural Areas and Preserves, 1996.

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English Nature. External Relations Team., ed. State of nature: The upland challenge. Peterborough: English Nature, 2001.

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Oregon. State Parks and Recreation Dept., ed. Joseph Stewart State Park nature trail. Salem, OR: Oregon Parks and Recreation Dept., 2005.

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Oregon. State Parks and Recreation Dept., ed. Pilot Butte State Park nature trail. Bend, OR: Oregon State Parks High Desert District, 2007.

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Scott, James C. State simplifications: Nature, space and people. Saskatoon: Dept. of History, University of Saskatchewan, 1994.

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Durrell, Lee. State of the ark. Garden City, N.Y: Doubleday, 1986.

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International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources., ed. State of the ark. London: Bodley Head, 1986.

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Частини книг з теми "State of nature"

Byron, Michael. "State of Nature." In Submission and Subjection in Leviathan, 11–27. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137535290_2.

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Hyman, Anthony. "A State of Nature." In Afghanistan under Soviet Domination, 1964–91, 176–96. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21948-3_10.

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Howie, Gillian. "The State of Nature." In Deleuze and Spinoza, 130–58. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403990204_6.

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Sauter, Michael J. "From nature to state." In European Thought and Culture, 1350–1992, 202–13. First edition. | New York : Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003023593-18.

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Hamilton, James J. "The State of Nature." In Hobbes's Creativity, 127–53. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27733-7_5.

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Van Dieren, Wouter. "State of the Environment." In Taking Nature Into Account, 47–59. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4246-8_4.

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Durán-Sánchez, Amador, José Álvarez-García, and María de la Cruz del Río-Rama. "Nature sports: state of the art of research." In Nature Sports, 54–80. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003432586-5.

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Kresin, Vladimir Z., and Stuart A. Wolf. "The Superconducting State in Nature." In Fundamentals of Superconductivity, 121–40. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2507-7_10.

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Kazmi, Zaheer. "Contesting the state of nature." In The Anarchist Imagination, 42–61. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315693163-3.

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Thompson, Noel. "The Nature of the State." In G. D. H. Cole: Selected Works, 385–413. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203839317-17.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "State of nature"

"Concrete in a State of Nature." In SP-141: New Concrete Technology. American Concrete Institute, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/3988.

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Giebink, N. C. "The Nature of Catastrophic OLED Lighting Panel Failure." In Solid-State Lighting. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ssl.2017.stu1c.1.

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Lavrentiev, A. A., L. N. Ananchenko, and I. S. Kochetkov. "CONCEPT OF RATIONAL NATURE MANAGEMENT." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS. DSTU-PRINT, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.1.275-278.

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This paper discusses the concept of environmental management. The general criteria for achieving the rational use of natural resources are formulated. The methods of achieving the "rationalization" of natural resources by establishing the relevant regulatory acts taking into account the regional conditions of the regions are analyzed. The disadvantages of the considered methods and the prospects for their application are established.

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Kim, Jang-Joo. "Exciplex: from its nature to applications." In Solid-State and Organic Lighting. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/soled.2015.dm3d.1.

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Blossier, Benoit, and Antoine Gerardin. "On the nature of an excited state." In 34th annual International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.256.0144.

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Zyablova, A. "ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING OF ESPECIALLY PROTECTED NATURAL TERRITORIES STATE." In Reproduction, monitoring and protection of natural, natural-anthropogenic and anthropogenic landscapes. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/rmpnnaal2021_26-31.

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Specially protected natural territories have one of the most important values in solving problems of the connection between nature and society. Problems of nature and society arise in modern times quite often, since a person uses all the benefits that nature gives him, sometimes they forget that nature suffers greatly from human intervention and that nature needs to be protected and protected from negative influences on it. This study examines how to properly organize the protection of natural zones so that nature does not suffer so much or can recover quickly enough. It is necessary to use natural resources correctly, so that they are always in great abundance, it is also necessary to conduct constant protection and protection of natural resources, so that natural resources are not overused in unnecessary quantities.

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Mukhin, I. B., O. V. Palashov, E. A. Khazanov, A. Ikesue, and Yan Lin Aung. "Random Nature of Thermally Induced Depolarization in Polycrystalline Laser Ceramics." In Advanced Solid-State Photonics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/assp.2006.tub1.

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Shriya, S., R. Sapkale, N. Singh, M. Varshney, and Dinesh Varshney. "On the brittle nature of rare earth pnictides." In DAE SOLID STATE PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM 2015. Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4947971.

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Dashdamirov, Hikmat, Sebastian Basterrech, and Pavel Kromer. "A Nature-inspired System for Mental State Recognition." In 2018 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cec.2018.8477828.

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Basak, Uttam Kumar, and Alokmay Datta. "The metastable nature of langmuir monolayers: An attempt towards quantification." In SOLID STATE PHYSICS: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 57TH DAE SOLID STATE PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM 2012. AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4791215.

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Звіти організацій з теми "State of nature"

Gastelum, Zoe N., and Julia B. Harvey. Technosocial Modeling for Determining the Status and Nature of a State?s Nuclear Activities. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1078022.

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Lazebnik, Jenny, Michiel van Eupen, and Peter Verweij. The state of cactus fences and kunukus for nature inclusivity on the island of Bonaire. Wageningen: Wageningen Environmental Research, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/564568.

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Thomas, Kelsey L., Elizabeth A. Dobis, and David A. McGranahan. nature of the rural-urban mortality gap. Washington, D.C.: Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2024.8321813.ers.

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The 2019 age-adjusted natural-cause mortality (NCM) rate for the prime working-age population (aged 25-54) was 43 percent higher in rural (nonmetropolitan) areas than in urban (metropolitan) areas. This is a shift from 25 years ago when NCM rates in urban and rural areas were similar for this age group. As a first step to understanding the increasing gap between rural and urban NCM rates, this report examines natural (disease-related) deaths for prime working-age adults in rural and urban areas between 1999 and 2019 using data from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control's Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiology Research (WONDER). Prime working-age NCM rates are examined for the population as a whole, as well as by sex, race and ethnicity, region, and State. Overall, both an increase in the rural, prime working-age NCM rates and a decrease in the corresponding urban rates are contributing to the growing mortality gap.--

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Gallien, Max, and Vanessa van den Boogaard. Informal Workers and the State: The Politics of Connection and Disconnection During a Global Pandemic. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.066.

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In low- and middle-income countries, informal workers are particularly vulnerable to the health and economic effects of the Covid-19 pandemic and often neglected by policy responses. At the same time, the crisis is rapidly changing the ways that states engage with informal workers. We argue that the relationships between informal workers and states – and the politics of creating and accessing these linkages – are a critical and frequently overlooked part of the politics of the pandemic. Both pre-existing structural disconnection from the state—embodied, for example, through limited access to health infrastructure—and state attempts to build new connections, including through cash transfer programmes for informal workers, have a profound impact on the effectiveness and reach of state crisis responses. Without considering the varied and dynamic nature of the linkages between states and informal workers we cannot understand the heterogeneous health and economic impacts of the pandemic, state capacity to respond to the crisis, or institutional change in the context of crisis.

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Demir, Mustafa. Creating the Desired Citizen: Ideology, State and Islam in Turkey by Ihsan Yilmaz. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/br0008.

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Ihsan Yılmaz’s new book presents a detailed analysis of Turkey’s political and sociological evolution, from the country’s anxious birth as a “fearful nation,” preoccupied and weighed down by historical traumas to the present. Yılmaz’s study provides a detailed account of the polity’s “never-ending” nation-building process and offers keen insights into why this process is intransient. His book highlights the political nature of defining citizens as either “desired,” “tolerated,” or “undesired” and the way this definitional process functions as a tool in hegemonic rivalries between “political tribes” in polities such as Turkey.

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Thorne, Sarah, Daniel Kovacs, Joseph Gailani, and Burton Suedel. Informing the community engagement framework for natural and nature-based projects : an annotated review of leading stakeholder and community engagement practices. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45400.

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In its infrastructure development work, the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) engages and collaborates with numerous local, state, and national stakeholders. Projects incorporating innovative approaches, such as beneficial use (BU) of dredged materials and other natural and nature-based features (NNBF), are often not well-understood by stakeholders, including those at the community level. This often results in conflicts and project delays. By sponsoring the development of a Community Engagement Framework, the Dredging Operations and Environmental Research (DOER) program hopes to systematically improve how project teams design, conduct, and measure effective community engagement on infrastructure projects. The purpose of this focused Review was to assesses leading stakeholder and community engagement practices that reflect the state of practice of stakeholder engagement within USACE, and by other leading organizations in the US and internationally, to inform development of the Community Engagement Framework. While the resulting Framework will be particularly well-suited for community engagement on projects incorporating BU and other NNBF, it will be applicable to a broad range of USACE Civil Works’ initiatives where effective stakeholder engagement is critical to project success. The assessment showed the practice of stakeholder engagement has evolved significantly over the past 30 years, with much more focus today on ensuring that engagement processes are purposeful, meaningful, collaborative, and inclusive - reflecting stakeholders’ desire to participate in co-creating sustainable solutions that produce environmental, economic, and social benefits. This, and other key findings, are informing development of the Community Engagement Framework which is scalable and adaptable to a broad range of projects across the USACE missions.

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Kokurina, Olga Yu. SOCIETAL-METABOLIC SYSTEM OF THE STATE: EXPERIENCE OF SYNTHETIC RESEARCH. THE ELECTRONIC MANUAL. SIB-Expertise, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/er0756.18122023.

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This electronic manual presents a number of theoretical and methodological tools based on the key concept: “societal (social) metabolism.” In summary, the synthetic concept of societal metabolism goes beyond the perspective of traditional social sciences by contextualizing the biophysical dimension of metabolic exchange between society and nature. Distancing from reductionist approaches, the interdisciplinary concept of societal metabolism recognizes the importance of mutual connections and interactions of factors of material and social exchange, within the framework of established individual and group social practices in the life of society. The electronic manual will be useful to undergraduate and graduate students studying social and political sciences, and to anyone interested in the theory and practice of applying interdisciplinary approaches to social science problems.

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BUHARI, Lateef Oluwafemi. Understanding the Causes of Electoral and Political Violence in Ekiti State, Nigeria: 2007-2010. Intellectual Archive, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32370/ia_2021_03_17.

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All over the world, elections are the litmus test of democracies. They also serve to consolidate political stability in a given polity just as they have the propensity to engender conflict and violence. Though there is usually competition over the control of the machineries of power, the turning point of that competition into violence becomes imperative in discerning the causes, both remote and immediate of such violence. In the light of the above, this paper notes the volatile nature of elections in Nigeria at large and Ekiti State in particular between 2007 and 2010. It examines plethora of factors leading to electoral fraud and political violence in the state. It further analyses the role of various stakeholders in political violence in the state.

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Gallien, Max, Umair Javed, and Vanessa van den Boogaard. Zakat, Non-State Welfare Provision and Redistribution in Times of Crisis: Evidence from the Covid-19 Pandemic. Institute of Development Studies, April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2023.021.

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Around the world, pandemic relief efforts saw renewed attention to state social protection and its limitations. Less attention has been paid to alternative forms of welfare provision, including zakat in Muslim countries. We ask how states and citizens engage with zakat during a crisis through a case study of the Covid-19 pandemic in Pakistan, Egypt and Morocco, drawing on novel and nationally representative survey data from 5,484 respondents. While we might expect citizens to be less motivated to pay zakat at times of personal economic hardship, we find that a large majority of the general population and of zakat contributors perceive zakat as particularly important in the Covid context, and were also more likely to make other charitable contributions. We argue that zakat may play an important role in supplementing state social protection and redistribution in times of crisis. While we find evidence for zakat’s redistributive nature, the diversity of practice and common reliance on social relations need to be considered when looking at its redistributive impact and function in times of crisis.

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