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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Stalin"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 29 липня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Stalin"

1

D'Agostino, Anthony, Mark Carliner, and Ivan Passer. "Stalin." American Historical Review 98, no. 4 (October 1993): 1169. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2166610.

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2

Bauman, Zygmunt. "Stalin." Cultural Studies ↔ Critical Methodologies 4, no. 1 (February 2004): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1532708603254356.

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3

Legvold, Robert, and Edvard Radzinsky. "Stalin." Foreign Affairs 75, no. 4 (1996): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20047705.

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4

Pintilescu, Corneliu. "« Oras?ul Stalin » (La Ville de Staline) 1950-1960." Histoire urbaine 25, no. 2 (2009): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rhu.025.0049.

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5

Hirschberg, W. R., Boris Groys, and Gabriele Leupold. "Gesamtkunstwerk Stalin." World Literature Today 63, no. 4 (1989): 704. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40145675.

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6

Furr, Grover. "Stalin etc." Theory & Struggle 117 (April 2016): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/ts.2016.31.

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7

Burlatskii, Fedor. "After Stalin." Soviet Law and Government 28, no. 3 (December 1989): 5–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/rup1061-194028035.

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8

McBurney, Gerard. "Surviving Stalin." Index on Censorship 27, no. 6 (November 1998): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03064229808536456.

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9

Erickson, John. "Stalin revisited." RUSI Journal 136, no. 1 (March 1991): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071849108445499.

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10

Khrushcheva, Nina. "“Rehabilitating” Stalin." World Policy Journal 22, no. 2 (2005): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/07402775-2005-3008.

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Дисертації з теми "Stalin"

1

Boterbloem, Kees. "Life and death under Stalin." Montreal : McGill-Queen's University Press, 1999. http://0-hdl.handle.net.biblio.eui.eu/2027/heb.05218.

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2

Zweck, Nicholas Paul. "Farewell, Comrade Stalin! : Stalin's death and its aftermath in the Soviet Union, 1953-1954 /." Title page, contents and introduction only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arz973.pdf.

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3

Silverberg, Christopher, and Fredrik Boström. "Stalin var inte snäll: Gymnasieelevers kunskaper om sovjetkommunismen." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (LUT), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-35994.

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Анотація:

Studiens fokus är sovjetkommunismen och elevers kunskaper i detta ämnesområde i förhållande till styrdokumenten för gymnasiekursen historia A. I studien utreds genom granskning av relevanta styrdokument kunskapsområdets betydelse, samhällets krav, skolsystemets krav samt gymnasieelevers kunskapsläge. Detta kunskapsläge har testats genom ett diagnostiskt test på en gymnasieskola i Skåne under våren 2006, vilken valts ut som ett least likely case på grund av skolans i övrigt goda resultat. Resultaten av testet visade på en låg kunskapsnivå om sovjetkommunismen och delvis om 1900-talets historia i allmänhet hos eleverna, i förhållande till kursmålen och betygskriteriet för betyget Godkänd i historia A. Vidare diskuteras eventuella implikationer av detta resultat och förslag ges till vidare studier.

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4

Spano, Marco <1991&gt. "La Vittoria di Stalin e la Rivoluzione Culturale." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/5786.

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Анотація:

Scrivo questa tesi, nella fiducia che essa rappresenti un’essenza nel barlume di cadaveri che per troppo tempo sono stati fervidi e iracondi punitori della nostra arte e cultura. Non una chiara luce si vede baluginare oltre la collina della rivoluzione, ma nutro la speranza che lo scritto possa rendere più decifrabile la crisi storica in cui cultura e arte sono precipitate, nei periodi in cui hanno dovuto affrontare il duro scontro con le dittature. Sì, in alcuni momenti esse hanno rappresentato i mentori di una nuova era, quella delle avanguardie e si sono ben difese, oltraggiando le muse che sempre proteggono l’arte dalla politica. I grandi veti, le perquisizioni, gli assembramenti sbagliati, hanno fatto sì che in un’epoca di terrore e quiete, segnata dai mass media e dalla fabbrica, tutto cadesse nel superfluo e nell’immagine.

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5

Lelli, Martina. "La percezione della figura di Stalin nella Russia contemporanea." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.

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Lo scopo dell’elaborato è quello di comprendere il paradosso che giace alla base della storia russa moderna. Stalin fu un tiranno e un uomo crudele che provocò la morte di milioni di innocenti. Tuttavia, fu amatissimo dai suoi contemporanei e gode di un grandissimo consenso anche della Russia odierna. Nella prima parte della trattazione, viene analizzata la percezione di Stalin nella Russia del suo tempo. Partendo dalle conseguenze che l’industrializzazione dell’Unione Sovietica esercitò sulla popolazione, si traccia una panoramica del processo di creazione dell’immagine di Stalin e dell’impatto che il leader ebbe sulla vita dei suoi contemporanei. Si analizzano i metodi utilizzati dal regime per influenzare l’opinione della popolazione e costruire intorno alla persona di Stalin un culto semidivino. Nella seconda parte, si studiano i motivi che si celano dietro al nuovo culto di Stalin nella Russia contemporanea. Analizzando i dati del Centro di ricerca sull’opinione pubblica Levada di Mosca, si analizza l’opinione dei russi a proposito della personalità del leader e del ruolo che ha avuto nella storia del paese. In base ai sondaggi del Centro Levada, la maggioranza dei cittadini russi ritiene che Stalin abbia svolto un ruolo positivo nella storia. Ciò dimostra come dopo sessant’anni e nonostante tutte le crudeltà commesse, il leader continui a godere di un grande consenso. La Russia è un paese che sogna ancora Stalin e lo vede come un eroe. Tuttavia, è importante ricordare che per i russi Stalin non è il tiranno che ha massacrato milioni di persone, ma il leader che ha portato ordine nel paese. Il popolo russo non desidera che un dittatore torni al potere, ma vedere un uomo potente alla guida della Russia. Egli è riuscito a legare la propria immagine all’idea di successo e prosperità. E continua ad essere sinonimo di grandezza in tutto il mondo.

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6

Boterbloem, Cornelis N. "Communists and the Russians : the Kalinin Province under Stalin." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41546.

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Анотація:

This history of the Tver (Kalinin) province of Russia, with particular emphasis on the years: 1945-1953, uses primary sources from archives of the Party and Soviet State, oral interviews, and readings of Russian, French, English, and German publications. The first chapters discuss the socio-economic and political effects of the events prior to 1945. Subsequently, the post-war role of Communist Party, Soviet government, security organs, and Komsomol and the results of Communist policies in agriculture and industry are analysed. The province's demographic losses between 1929 and 1945 and their consequences in Stalin's final years are assessed. The life of male and female kolkhozniks, workers, and intelligentsia, and their relationship with the authorities are depicted. Post-1953 changes are appreciated in the last chapter. Four maps, forty-seven tables, and four appendices are included.

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7

Knight, Claire Alice Jean. "Soviet cinema of the late Stalin era, 1945-53." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708213.

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8

Ashirova, Aygul. "Stalinismus und Stalin-Kult in Zentralasien Turkmenistan 1924 - 1953." Stuttgart Ibidem-Verl, 2008. http://d-nb.info/994352379/04.

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9

Stadelmann, Matthias. "Isaak Dunaevskij - Sänger des Volkes : eine Karriere unter Stalin /." Köln : Böhlau, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39032039r.

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10

Justus, Ursula. "Literatur als Mythenfabrik I.V. Stalin als literarische Figur in ausgewählten Werken der Stalinzeit /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=970203950.

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Книги з теми "Stalin"

1

Emelʹi︠a︡nov, I︠U︡ V. Stalin. 2nd ed. Moskva: Veche, 2006.

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2

Hoobler, Dorothy. Stalin. London: Burke, 1990.

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3

McNeal, Robert H. Stalin. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07461-7.

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4

McDermott, Kevin. Stalin. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-20478-2.

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5

Read, Christopher. Stalin. London ; New York : Routledge, [2017]: Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315527659.

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6

Tamás, Krausz, ed. Stalin. Moskva: Izd-vo politicheskoĭ lit-ry, 1989.

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7

Kuromiya, Hiroaki. Stalin. Harlow, England: Pearson/Longman, 2005.

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8

Stanislavovič, Radzinskij Ėdvard. Stalin. Moskva: Vagrius, 1997.

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9

Radzinskii, E. dvard. Stalin. Warszawa: Wydawn. Magnum, 1996.

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10

Saktanov, Kȯchkȯn. Stalin. Bishkek: [s.n.], 1992.

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Частини книг з теми "Stalin"

1

McNeal, Robert H. "Orthodoxy." In Stalin, 1–10. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07461-7_1.

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2

McNeal, Robert H. "Yezhovshchina." In Stalin, 181–207. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07461-7_10.

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3

McNeal, Robert H. "Peace." In Stalin, 208–35. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07461-7_11.

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4

McNeal, Robert H. "War." In Stalin, 236–63. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07461-7_12.

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5

McNeal, Robert H. "Generalissimus." In Stalin, 264–90. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07461-7_13.

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6

McNeal, Robert H. "Mortality." In Stalin, 291–311. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07461-7_14.

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7

McNeal, Robert H. "Judgements." In Stalin, 312–16. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07461-7_15.

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8

McNeal, Robert H. "Underground." In Stalin, 11–26. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07461-7_2.

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9

McNeal, Robert H. "Petrograd." In Stalin, 27–44. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07461-7_3.

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McNeal, Robert H. "Narkom." In Stalin, 45–67. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07461-7_4.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Stalin"

1

Yudin, Mikhail. "THE IMAGE OF STALIN IN THE WORLD CINEMA." In 4th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on Social Sciences and Arts SGEM2017. STEF92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2017/22/s08.048.

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2

Zidaru, Marian. "�THE TRUST� STALIN�S OWN SECRET SERVICE ORGANISATIONS." In 9th SWS International Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2022. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscss.2022/s01.006.

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�The Trust� Stalin�s own secret service organizations were appropriately named in 1930, for the exclusive purpose of using the emigration upon which he considered the OGPU has not concentrated sufficiently or used to the fullest extent, and this he believed to be because the OGPU, was already overloaded with work in other directions. The work of �The Trust� was the subject of the direct personal control of Stalin who had expressed the opinion that with the advance of Hitler to power in Germany, the political importance of Russian Emigration was growing with the increasing internal difficulties of the Soviet Union. The care with which the agents of �The Trust� were selected was to ensure that only men with a reputation built in long years of experience were chosen. The work of the organizations was divided into several sections, including that: - Using amongst Russian emigrants who were charged with spying work by several officers. - The coming of the Hitler regime in Germany made the Trust institute numerous press organizations of the Russian emigrants in all country's new papers. This paper focuses on the activity of �The Trust� in the 1930s. The paper is based on original documents discovered following research carried out in the British archives.

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3

Natsvaladze, Mamuka. "STALIN AGAINST ENGELS – FOR THE HISTORIOGRAFHY OF THE GREEK PROJECT." In EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF TODAY: INTERSECTORAL ISSUES AND DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCES. European Scientific Platform, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36074/logos-29.10.2021.v2.34.

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4

Turpalov, Lema Abdollayevich, Evgeny Valerievich Akhmadulin, and Khadzhi Akhmedovich Khizriev. "Continuity Of Party Journalism Theories Developed By Lenin And Stalin." In International Conference on Social and Cultural Transformations in the Context of Modern Globalism. European Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2021.11.345.

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5

Solovey, M. A. "THE RECRUITMENT OF PEDAGOGICAL PERSONNEL FOR ORPHANAGES OF THE STALIN OBLAST DURING 1943–1950." In Культура, наука, образование: проблемы и перспективы. Нижневартовский государственный университет, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36906/ksp-2021/25.

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Анотація:

The article is devoted to the problems of recruitment of pedagogical collectives of orphanages of the Stalin region in the post-war period. By using archival documents, the author reveals the shortcomings and difficulties of the personnel policy at the departments of public education.

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6

Panov, Vladimir Nikolaevich, and Yana Albertovna Shilkina. "Person and epoch. What do the contemporaries think of I.V. Stalin?" In X International Research-to-practice conference. TSNS Interaktiv Plus, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21661/r-118956.

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7

Gorbunova, Natalia. "Time out for Scriabin (the composer’s image in the soviet music journal of the stalinist era)." In Conferința științifică internațională "Învăţământul artistic – dimensiuni culturale". Academy of Music, Theatre and Fine Arts, Republic of Moldova, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55383/iadc2022.10.

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Анотація:

During the Stalin era, interest in the composer Scriabin noticeably weakened compared to the 1910s and 1920s. Nevertheless, the discussion of his works and personality continued. Particularly, in the 1930s and 1940s, his role in the Soviet vision of world art was formed. In the specialized music journal „Soviet Music” during those years, the Soviet myth of Scriabin was constructed. For this purpose, the epistolary heritage and early writings were studied, his work and the influence of Russian culture on him were discussed — as a result, the image of a deluded genius was created.

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8

Юрий, Белоногов. "POLITICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE ASPECT OF ADMINISTRATIVE-TERRITORIAL REFORMS OF THE 1930TH ‒ THE 1950TH IN MODERN RUSSIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY." In MODERN CITY: POWER, GOVERNANCE, ECONOMICS. Publishing House of Perm National Research Polytechnic University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/65.049-66/2020.37.

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Анотація:

The article considers historiographic assessments of the administrative-territorial transformations of the Stalinist period of Soviet history through the prism of relations "Center - Regions." For the supreme government in the period under study, the obvious dilemma was the choice between the economic efficiency of the spatial development of enlarged and self-sufficient regions, on the one hand, and the increase in the political manageability of the Center for regional development, on the other hand. The policy of disengaging the regions and giving the former dis-trict centers the status of regional capitals was connected with the need of the Cen-ter to monitor the processes of industrialization and collectivization, bring man-agement closer to production, as well as weaken the influence of regional leaders to strengthen the regime of personal power of I.V. Stalin. Subsequently, the political struggle for power in the 1950s. contributed to a gradual and irreversible review of the relationship between the central and regional authorities: for political reasons, the Center abandoned the administrative-territorial transformations of the regions.

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9

Zhang, Yijie, Kevin de Haan, Jingxi Li, Yair Rivenson, and Aydogan Ozcan. "Neural network-based multiplexed and micro-structured virtual staining of unlabeled tissue." In CLEO: Applications and Technology. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_at.2022.ath2i.2.

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Анотація:

We present a method to generate multiple virtual stains on an image of label-free tissue using a single deep neural network, which is fed with the autofluorescence images of the unlabeled tissue alongside a user-defined digital-staining matrix. Users can indicate which stain to apply on each pixel by editing the digital-staining matrix and blend multiple virtual stains, creating entirely new stain combinations.

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10

de Haan, Kevin, Yijie Zhang, Jonathan E. Zuckerman, Tairan Liu, Yair Rivenson, W. Dean Wallace, and Aydogan Ozcan. "Deep learning-based transformation of H&E stained tissue into special stains." In CLEO: Applications and Technology. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_at.2022.ath2i.4.

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Анотація:

We present a deep learning-based technique to computationally transform H&E-stained tissue sections into different special stains. We also demonstrate that this stain-to-stain transformation framework improves diagnostic accuracy over the use of H&E only.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Stalin"

1

Cheremukhin, Anton, Mikhail Golosov, Sergei Guriev, and Aleh Tsyvinski. Was Stalin Necessary for Russia's Economic Development? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w19425.

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2

Velychko, Zoriana, and Roman Sotnyk. LINGUISTIC PRESENTATION AND TERMINOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE HOLODOMOR OF THE 1920s AND 1930s. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2024.54-55.12166.

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The article reveals and analyses a wide range of terms for the Holodomor of the 1920s and 1930s in Ukraine. The main objectives of the study are to find out the peculiarities of the linguistic presentation of the Holodomor phenomenon in scientific, popular science, and journalistic discourses, and to reveal semantic differences in the use of various terms for the Holodomor used in different languages. The main methodological bases of the study are linguistic analysis, socio-cultural method, qualitative content analysis, comparative method, etc. The method of retrospection must be used to substantiate the hypothesis. Thus, the reasons for the formation of the semantic contours of the terms “Holodomor”, “Famine”, “Great Famine”, “Terror by Famine”, “Big Hunger”, etc. were clarified. At the same time, the semantic nuances of word use are identified. As a conclusion, the authors substantiate the fundamental importance of using the term “Holodomor-genocide” in scientific circulation as the one that most accurately represents the essence of the historical phenomenon of the Holodomor. Based on the analysis of the documents, the content of the term “genocide” is formulated. It is explained that the Holodomor is genocide of the Ukrainian people, just as the Holocaust is genocide of the Jewish people. The authors prove the anti-Ukrainian orientation of the consistent and deliberate policy of Stalin and his followers against the Ukrainian nation, which culminated in the murder by starvation. These research findings are significant not only for the development of Ukrainian terminology or international terminology. They are also of great importance for modern politics, political science and historiography, and jurisprudence, especially in the context of a new genocide – the Russian Federation’s full-scale war of aggression against Ukraine. Keywords: Holodomor; genocide; Ukraine; Stalin’s terror; terminology.

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LI, Peng, and Junjun Liu. Effect of statin therapy on moderate-to-severe depression: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.3.0016.

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Review question / Objective: We aim to assess the antidepressant effects of statin therapy among patients complicated with moderate to severe depression. Condition being studied: Depression is one of the major causes of disability worldwide, and major depressive disorders (MDD) contribute to a significant heavy disease burden, which is expected to be second by 2050, only to heart disease. Despite great improvement in therapy, the treatment efficacy remains low. Therefore, alternative therapies have been intensely investigated. A substantial body of researches have suggested that inflammation is one of the operative pathways between MDD and increased risk of somatic comorbidities, and some specific depressive symptoms. Depression occurs in most patients with cardiac and cerebrovascular disease due to the long-term effects, and depression increases the risk of cardiovascular disease in the population as a whole and in patients with coronary artery disease or stroke. Several observational studies have demonstrated reduced rates of depression among patients taking statins, which may be related to its anti-inflammatory effect. However, whether statin improves the depressive symptoms and its associated mechanism is still mixed. Furthermore, there is little evidence about statin treatment effect in those with moderate to severe depression. In addition, whether the effect of statin treatment on depressive symptom changes with time or is affected by baseline depression severity or percentage change of lipid levels has not been explored in previous studies.

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Wilcoski, James. Seismic testing of a static power static transfer switch. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42461.

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This test report documents seismic qualification testing of a Static Power Static Transfer Switch (STS). The STS is a mission-critical unit that will be installed at Eareckson Air Station (EAS), on the island of Shemya, Alaska. Two units were built, one of which was tested on the ERDC-CERL shake table on 10 November 2020, and the other delivered to EAS for installation. This report presents details on the STS configuration, seismic tests conducted, and the performance of the unit. The unit passed the final seismic test and can now confidently be installed at the EAS.

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Robinett, Fred. PR-471-16206-R01 Suction Piping Effect on Pump Performance Testing. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), April 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011577.

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Pump suction piping testing was performed to measure the influence on pump performance and mechanical operation, and also provide a benchmark for comparing, verifying and improving CFD modeling techniques. Testing was performed in Sulzer's pump test laboratory, in Winterthur Switzerland, using a single stage double suction model pump a with similar specific speed and design as used in many crude oil pipeline installations. Testing included a baseline test with a straight pipe with a flow straightener at the pump suction and two arrangements with pipe elbows directly at the pump suction. All tests were performed with mineral oil at viscosities ranging from 90 to 500 cSt. Pump performance as well as several static and dynamic measurements were taken, including static pressure measurements along the suction pipe, dynamic pressure measurements at the pump suction and discharge, pump axial thrust and displacements and pump torque. The tests with elbows at the pump suction are compared to the baseline test results. This work will benefit the liquids pipeline station designers and operators and also CFD analysts by providing actual tested comparisons and benchmark measurements.

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Schwartz, Bertha, Vaclav Vetvicka, Ofer Danai, and Yitzhak Hadar. Increasing the value of mushrooms as functional foods: induction of alpha and beta glucan content via novel cultivation methods. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600033.bard.

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During the granting period, we performed the following projects: Firstly, we differentially measured glucan content in several pleurotus mushroom strains. Mushroom polysaccharides are edible polymers that have numerous reported biological functions; the most common effects are attributed to β-glucans. In recent years, it became apparent that the less abundant α-glucans also possess potent effects in various health conditions. In our first study, we explored several Pleurotus species for their total, β and α-glucan content. Pleurotuseryngii was found to have the highest total glucan concentrations and the highest α-glucans proportion. We also found that the stalks (stipe) of the fruit body contained higher glucan content then the caps (pileus). Since mushrooms respond markedly to changes in environmental and growth conditions, we developed cultivation methods aiming to increase the levels of α and β-glucans. Using olive mill solid waste (OMSW) from three-phase olive mills in the cultivation substrate. We were able to enrich the levels mainly of α-glucans. Maximal total glucan concentrations were enhanced up to twice when the growth substrate contained 80% of OMSW compared to no OMSW. Taking together this study demonstrate that Pleurotuseryngii can serve as a potential rich source of glucans for nutritional and medicinal applications and that glucan content in mushroom fruiting bodies can be further enriched by applying OMSW into the cultivation substrate. We then compared the immune-modulating activity of glucans extracted from P. ostreatus and P. eryngii on phagocytosis of peripheral blood neutrophils, and superoxide release from HL-60 cells. The results suggest that the anti-inflammatory properties of these glucans are partially mediated through modulation of neutrophileffector functions (P. eryngiiwas more effective). Additionally, both glucans dose-dependently competed for the anti-Dectin-1 and anti-CR3 antibody binding. We then tested the putative anti-inflammatory effects of the extracted glucans in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) using the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)–induced model in mice. The clinical symptoms of IBD were efficiently relieved by the treatment with two different doses of the glucan from both fungi. Glucan fractions, from either P. ostreatus or P. eryngii, markedly prevented TNF-α mediated inflammation in the DSS–induced inflamed intestine. These results suggest that there are variations in glucan preparations from different fungi in their anti-inflammatory ability. In our next study, we tested the effect of glucans on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of TNF-α. We demonstrated that glucan extracts are more effective than mill mushroom preparations. Additionally, the effectiveness of stalk-derived glucans were slightly more pronounced than of caps. Cap and stalk glucans from mill or isolated glucan competed dose-dependently with anti-Dectin-and anti-CR-3 antibodies, indicating that they contain β-glucans recognized by these receptors. Using the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-inflammatory bowel disease mice model, intestinal inflammatory response to the mill preparations was measured and compared to extracted glucan fractions from caps and stalks. We found that mill and glucan extracts were very effective in downregulatingIFN-γ and MIP-2 levels and that stalk-derived preparations were more effective than from caps. The tested glucans were equally effective in regulating the number of CD14/CD16 monocytes and upregulating the levels of fecal-released IgA to almost normal levels. In conclusion, the most effective glucans in ameliorating some IBD-inflammatory associated symptoms induced by DSS treatment in mice were glucan extracts prepared from the stalk of P. eryngii. These spatial distinctions may be helpful in selecting more effective specific anti-inflammatory mushrooms-derived glucans. We additionally tested the effect of glucans on lipopolysaccharide-induced production of TNF-α, which demonstrated stalk-derived glucans were more effective than of caps-derived glucans. Isolated glucans competed with anti-Dectin-1 and anti-CR3 antibodies, indicating that they contain β-glucans recognized by these receptors. In conclusion, the most effective glucans in ameliorating IBD-associated symptoms induced by DSS treatment in mice were glucan extracts prepared from the stalk of P. eryngii grown at higher concentrations of OMSW. We conclude that these stress-induced growing conditions may be helpful in selecting more effective glucans derived from edible mushrooms. Based on the findings that we could enhance glucan content in Pleurotuseryngii following cultivation of the mushrooms on a substrate containing different concentrations of olive mill solid waste (OMSW) and that these changes are directly related to the content of OMSW in the growing substrate we tested the extracted glucans in several models. Using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)–inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) mice model, we measured the colonic inflammatory response to the different glucan preparations. We found that the histology damaging score (HDS) resulting from DSS treatment reach a value of 11.8 ± 2.3 were efficiently downregulated by treatment with the fungal extracted glucans, glucans extracted from stalks cultivated at 20% OMSWdownregulated to a HDS value of 6.4 ± 0.5 and at 80% OMSW showed the strongest effects (5.5 ± 0.6). Similar downregulatory effects were obtained for expression of various intestinal cytokines. All tested glucans were equally effective in regulating the number of CD14/CD16 monocytes from 18.2 ± 2.7 % for DSS to 6.4 ± 2.0 for DSS +glucans extracted from stalks cultivated at 50% OMSW. We finally tested glucans extracted from Pleurotuseryngii grown on a substrate containing increasing concentrations of olive mill solid waste (OMSW) contain greater glucan concentrations as a function of OMSW content. Treatment of rat Intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6) transiently transfected with Nf-κB fused to luciferase demonstrated that glucans extracted from P. eryngii stalks grown on 80% OMSWdownregulatedTNF-α activation. Glucans from mushrooms grown on 80% OMSW exerted the most significant reducing activity of nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treated J774A.1 murine macrophages. The isolated glucans were tested in vivo using the Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS) induced colitis in C57Bl/6 mice and found to reduce the histology damaging score resulting from DSS treatment. Expression of various intestinal cytokines were efficiently downregulated by treatment with the fungal extracted glucans. We conclude that the stress-induced growing conditions exerted by OMSW induces production of more effective anti-inflammatory glucans in P. eryngii stalks.

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Howard, Simon. Global Fleet Station: Station Ship Concept. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada495485.

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Burkes, E. J., Greco Jr., Marbry G. W., Scruggs D. L., Crawford R. R., and J. J. Periodontal Stain Test Diagnosis Program. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada247284.

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Bermingham, Rowena, and Helle Abelvik-Lawson. Stalking and Harassment. Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, December 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.58248/pn592.

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Stalking and harassment both involve any repeated behaviour that would cause alarm, distress or fear of violence in a victim. Common stalking or harassment behaviours include unwanted contact online or in person, following a victim, and interfering with property. Stalking is characterised by a perpetrator’s fixation or obsession and can have long-term psychological and social effects on a victim. Stalking also has the potential to escalate to other crimes, such as sexual assault or murder. This POSTnote describes stalking and harassment before presenting evidence on the effectiveness of approaches to identifying, preventing and prosecuting these crimes.

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Hanker, Jacob S., Beverly L. Giammara, E. J. Burkes, and G. W. Greco. Stain Test Modules for Periodontal Diagnosis. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada247283.

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