Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Specific fibers"
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Статті в журналах з теми "Specific fibers"
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Moro, Tatiana, Camille R. Brightwell, Elena Volpi, Blake B. Rasmussen, and Christopher S. Fry. "Resistance exercise training promotes fiber type-specific myonuclear adaptations in older adults." Journal of Applied Physiology 128, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 795–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00723.2019.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aging induces physiological decline in human skeletal muscle function and morphology, including type II fiber atrophy and an increase in type I fiber frequency. Resistance exercise training (RET) is an effective strategy to overcome muscle mass loss and improve strength, with a stronger effect on type II fibers. In the present study, we sought to determine the effect of a 12-wk progressive RET program on the fiber type-specific skeletal muscle hypertrophic response in older adults. Nineteen subjects [10 men and 9 women (71.1 ± 4.3 yr)] were studied before and after the 12-wk program. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to quantify myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoform expression, cross-sectional area (CSA), satellite cell abundance, myonuclear content, and lipid droplet density. RET induced an increase in MyHC type II fiber frequency and a concomitant decrease in MyHC type I fiber frequency. Mean CSA increased significantly only in MyHC type II fibers (+23.3%, P < 0.05), but myonuclear content increased only in MyHC type I fibers ( P < 0.05), with no change in MyHC type II fibers. Satellite cell content increased ~40% in both fiber types ( P > 0.05). RET induced adaptations to the capillary supply to satellite cells, with the distance between satellite cells and the nearest capillary increasing in type I fibers and decreasing in type II fibers. Both fiber types showed similar decrements in intramuscular lipid density with training ( P < 0.05). Our data provide intriguing evidence for a fiber type-specific response to RET in older adults and suggest flexibility in the myonuclear domain of type II fibers during a hypertrophic stimulus. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In older adults, progressive resistance exercise training (RET) increased skeletal muscle fiber volume and cross-sectional area independently of myonuclear accretion, leading to an expansion of the myonuclear domain. Fiber type-specific analyses illuminated differential adaptation; type II fibers underwent hypertrophy and exhibited myonuclear domain plasticity, whereas myonuclear accretion occurred in type I fibers in the absence of a robust hypertrophic response. RET also augmented satellite cell-capillary interaction and reduced intramyocellular lipid density to improve muscle quality.
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Billeter, R., M. Messerli, E. Wey, A. Puntschart, K. Jostarndt, H. M. Eppenberger, and J. C. Perriard. "Fast myosin light chain expression in chicken muscles studied by in situ hybridization." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 40, no. 10 (October 1992): 1547–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/40.10.1382092.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We have studied the fiber type-specific expression of the fast myosin light chain isoforms LC 1f, LC 2f, and LC 3f in adult chicken muscles using in situ hybridization and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Type II (fast) fibers contain all three fast myosin light chain mRNAs; Types I and III (slow) fibers lack them. The myosin light chain patterns of two-dimensional gels from microdissected single fibers match their mRNA signals in the in situ hybridizations. The results confirm and extend previous studies on the fiber type-specific distribution of myosin light chains in chicken muscles which used specific antibodies. The quantitative ratios between protein and mRNA content were not the same for all three fast myosin light chains, however. In bulk muscle samples, as well as in single fibers, there was proportionally less LC 3f accumulated for a given mRNA concentration than LC 1f or LC 2f. Moreover, the ratio between LC 3f mRNA and protein was different in samples from muscles, indicating that LC 3f is regulated somewhat differently than LC 1f and LC 2f. In contrast to other in situ hybridization studies on the fiber type-specific localization of muscle protein mRNAs, which reported the RNAs to be located preferentially at the periphery of the fibers, we found all three fast myosin light chain mRNAs quite evenly distributed within the fiber's cross-sections, and also in the few rare fibers which showed hybridization signals several-fold higher than their surrounding counterparts. This could indicate principal differences in the intracellular localization among the mRNAs coding for various myofibrillar protein families.
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Kucera, J., J. M. Walro, and L. Gorza. "Expression of type-specific MHC isoforms in rat intrafusal muscle fibers." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 40, no. 2 (February 1992): 293–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/40.2.1552171.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Myosin heavy chain (MHC) expression by intrafusal fibers was studied by immunocytochemistry to determine how closely it parallels MHC expression by extrafusal fibers in the soleus and tibialis anterior muscles of the rat. Among the MHC isoforms expressed in extrafusal fibers, only the slow-twitch MHC of Type 1 extrafusal fibers was expressed along much of the fibers. Monoclonal antibodies (MAb) specific for this MHC bound to the entire length of bag2 fibers and the extracapsular region of bag1 fibers. The fast-twitch MHC isoform strongly expressed by bag2 and chain fibers had an epitope not recognized by MAb to the MHC isoforms characteristic of developing muscle fibers or the three subtypes (2A, 2B, 2X) of Type 2 extrafusal fibers. Therefore, intrafusal fibers may express a fast-twitch MHC that is not expressed by extrafusal fibers. Unlike extrafusal fibers, all three intrafusal fiber types bound MAb generated against mammalian heart and chicken limb muscles. The similarity of the fast-twitch MHC of bag2 and chain fibers and the slow-tonic MHC of bag1 and bag2 fibers to the MHC isoforms expressed in avian extrafusal fibers suggests that phylogenetically primitive MHCs might persist in intrafusal fibers. Data are discussed relative to the origin and regional regulation of MHC isoforms in intrafusal and extrafusal fibers of rat hindlimb muscles.
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Eggers, Britta, Karin Schork, Michael Turewicz, Katalin Barkovits, Martin Eisenacher, Rolf Schröder, Christoph S. Clemen, and Katrin Marcus. "Advanced Fiber Type-Specific Protein Profiles Derived from Adult Murine Skeletal Muscle." Proteomes 9, no. 2 (June 8, 2021): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proteomes9020028.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Skeletal muscle is a heterogeneous tissue consisting of blood vessels, connective tissue, and muscle fibers. The last are highly adaptive and can change their molecular composition depending on external and internal factors, such as exercise, age, and disease. Thus, examination of the skeletal muscles at the fiber type level is essential to detect potential alterations. Therefore, we established a protocol in which myosin heavy chain isoform immunolabeled muscle fibers were laser microdissected and separately investigated by mass spectrometry to develop advanced proteomic profiles of all murine skeletal muscle fiber types. All data are available via ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD025359. Our in-depth mass spectrometric analysis revealed unique fiber type protein profiles, confirming fiber type-specific metabolic properties and revealing a more versatile function of type IIx fibers. Furthermore, we found that multiple myopathy-associated proteins were enriched in type I and IIa fibers. To further optimize the assignment of fiber types based on the protein profile, we developed a hypothesis-free machine-learning approach, identified a discriminative peptide panel, and confirmed our panel using a public data set.
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Lee, Young Jae, Jae Hyung Kim, Jang Soon Kim, Dong Bok Lee, Jae Chun Lee, Yun Jung Chung, and Yun Soo Lim. "Fabrication of Activated Carbon Fibers from Stabilized PAN-Based Fibers by KOH." Materials Science Forum 449-452 (March 2004): 217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.449-452.217.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Activated carbon fibers were prepared from stabilized PAN-based fibers by chemical activation using potassium hydroxide at different concentration. The experimental data showed variations in specific surface area, microstructure by the activated carbon fibers. Specific surface area of about 2545 m2/g was obtained in the KOH/stabilized PAN-based fiber ratio of 1:1 at 800°. An abrupt reduction of specific surface area was observed in the experiments with the ratio of 3:1 of OH/stabilized PAN-based fiber, being dissimilar with the result of KOH/fiber ratios of 1:1 and 2:1 in the similar experiments. The high concentration of KOH led to the destruction of micropore walls instead of forming mesopores.
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Lassche, Saskia, Nicol C. Voermans, Robbert van der Pijl, Marloes van den Berg, Arend Heerschap, Hieronymus van Hees, Benno Kusters, Silvère M. van der Maarel, Coen A. C. Ottenheijm, and Baziel G. M. van Engelen. "Preserved single muscle fiber specific force in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy." Neurology 94, no. 11 (January 21, 2020): e1157-e1170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000008977.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ObjectiveTo investigate single muscle fiber contractile performance in muscle biopsies from patients with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD), one of the most common hereditary muscle disorders.MethodsWe collected 50 muscle biopsies (26 vastus lateralis, 24 tibialis anterior) from 14 patients with genetically confirmed FSHD and 12 healthy controls. Single muscle fibers (n = 547) were isolated for contractile measurements. Titin content and titin phosphorylation were examined in vastus lateralis muscle biopsies.ResultsSingle muscle fiber specific force was intact at saturating and physiologic calcium concentrations in all FSHD biopsies, with (FSHDFAT) and without (FSHDNORMAL) fatty infiltration, compared to healthy controls. Myofilament calcium sensitivity of force is increased in single muscle fibers obtained from FSHD muscle biopsies with increased fatty infiltration, but not in FSHD muscle biopsies without fatty infiltration (pCa50: 5.77–5.80 in healthy controls, 5.74–5.83 in FSHDNORMAL, and 5.86–5.90 in FSHDFAT single muscle fibers). Cross-bridge cycling kinetics at saturating calcium concentrations and myofilament cooperativity did not differ from healthy controls. Development of single muscle fiber passive tension was changed in all FSHD vastus lateralis and in FSHDFAT tibialis anterior, resulting in increased fiber stiffness. Titin content was increased in FSHD vastus lateralis biopsies; however, titin phosphorylation did not differ from healthy controls.ConclusionMuscle weakness in patients with FSHD is not caused by reduced specific force of individual muscle fibers, even in severely affected tissue with marked fatty infiltration of muscle tissue.
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Li, Baoxia, Liuqin Zhang, Jing Xi, Lei Hou, Xingxian Fu, Yan Pei, and Mi Zhang. "An Unexpected Regulatory Sequence from Rho-Related GTPase6 Confers Fiber-Specific Expression in Upland Cotton." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 3 (January 19, 2022): 1087. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031087.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cotton fibers, single seed trichomes derived from ovule epidermal cells, are the major source of global textile fibers. Fiber-specific promoters are desirable to study gene function and to modify fiber properties during fiber development. Here, we revealed that Rho-related GTPase6 (GhROP6) was expressed preferentially in developing fibers. A 1240 bp regulatory region of GhROP6, which contains a short upstream regulatory sequence, the first exon, and the partial first intron, was unexpectedly isolated and introduced into transgenic cotton for analyzing promoter activity. The promoter of GhROP6 (proChROP6) conferred a specific expression in ovule surface, but not in the other floral organs and vegetative tissues. Reverse transcription PCR analysis indicated that proGhROP6 directed full-length transcription of the fused ß-glucuronidase (GUS) gene. Further investigation of GUS staining showed that proChROP6 regulated gene expression in fibers and ovule epidermis from fiber initiation to cell elongation stages. The preferential activity was enriched in fiber cells after anthesis and reached to peak on flowering days. By comparison, proGhROP6 was a mild promoter with approximately one-twenty-fifth of the strength of the constitutive promoter CaMV35S. The promoter responded to high-dosage treatments of auxin, gibberellin and salicylic acid and slightly reduced GUS activity under the in vitro treatment. Collectively, our data suggest that the GhROP6 promoter has excellent activity in initiating fibers and has potential for bioengineering of cotton fibers.
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Moon, Sook Young, Myung Soo Kim, and Yun Soo Lim. "Preparation and Characterization of Chemical Activated Fibers on Various Carbon Fibers." Materials Science Forum 510-511 (March 2006): 314–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.510-511.314.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
OXI-PAN fibers, Kynol fibers, and rayon fibers were used as precursors for the preparation of activated carbon fibers (ACFs) by chemical activation with KOH at 800°C. The effects of different precursor fibers and fiber/KOH ratios on the final ACFs are discussed. The precursor fibers used were appropriate for the ACFs in a single stage pyrolysis process. The OXI-PAN fibers, which were activated with KOH of 2.0M, showed a specific surface area of 2328m2/g, however, lost the fiber shape because of low yields. The Kynol fibers and Rayon fibers showed the high yields, but lower specific surface areas of 900m2/g and 774m2/g, respectively, at KOH of 1.5M. The OXI-PAN fibers, which were activated with KOH of 1.5M, have a specific surface area of 1028m2/g and higher micro-pore volumes and lower yields rather than Kynol-1.5 and Rayon-1.5 samples. This phenomenon is attributed to higher chemical resistance of the Kynol and Rayon fibers rather than OXI-PAN fibers. However, the Kynol fibers were the best precursors on KOH activation at 800°C when carbon yields, surface areas, and micropore volumes are condisered.
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Guo, Xing Mei, and Yi Ping Qiu. "Hemp Fiber Reinforced Composites: Morphological and Mechanical Properties." Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (September 2011): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.121.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The use of natural plant fibers as reinforcing fillers in fiber-polymer composites has drawn much interest in recent years. Natural plant fibers as reinforcing fillers have several advantages over inorganic fillers such as glass fibers; they are abundant, readily available, renewable, inexpensive, biodegradable, of low density, and of high specific strength. Hemp fibers are one of the most attractive natural plant fibers for fiber-reinforced composites because of their exceptional specific stiffness. In this review, we summarize recent progress in developments of the hemp fiber reinforced composites such as hemp fiber reinforced unsaturated polyester (UPE), hemp fiber reinforced polypropylene (PP), hemp fiber reinforced epoxy composites, and so on, illustrate with examples how they work, and discuss their intrinsic fundamentals and optimization designs. We are expecting the review to pave the way for developing fiber-polymer composites with higher strength.
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Hallauer, P. L., H. L. Bradshaw, and K. E. Hastings. "Complex fiber-type-specific expression of fast skeletal muscle troponin I gene constructs in transgenic mice." Development 119, no. 3 (November 1, 1993): 691–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.119.3.691.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We analyzed, in transgenic mice, the cellular expression pattern of the quail fast skeletal muscle troponin I (TnIfast) gene and of a chimeric reporter construct in which quail TnIfast DNA sequences drive expression of E. coli beta-galactosidase (beta-gal). Both constructs were actively expressed in skeletal muscle and specifically in fast, as opposed to slow, muscle fibers. Unexpectedly, both constructs showed a marked differential expression among the adult fast fiber subtypes according to the pattern IIB > IIX > IIA. This expression pattern was consistent in multiple lines and differed from the endogenous mouse TnIfast pattern, which shows approximately equal expression in all fast fibers. These observations indicate that distinct regulatory mechanisms contribute to high-level expression of TnIfast in the various fast fiber subtypes and suggest that the outwardly simple pattern of equal expression in all fast fiber types shown by the endogenous mouse TnIfast gene is based on an intricate system of counterbalancing mechanisms. The adult expression pattern of the TnIfast/beta-gal construct emerged in a two-stage developmental process. Differential expression in fast versus slow fibers was evident in neonatal animals, although expression in fast fibers was relatively weak and homogeneous. During the first two weeks of postnatal life, expression in maturing IIB fibers was greatly increased whereas that in IIA/IIX fibers remained weak, giving rise to marked differential expression among fast fiber types. Thus at least two serially acting (pre- and post-natal) fiber-type-specific regulatory mechanisms contribute to high-level gene expression in adult fast muscle fibers. Unexpected similarities between TnIfast transgene expression and that of the myosin heavy chain gene family (which includes differentially expressed IIB-, IIX- and IIA-specific members) suggest that similar mechanisms may regulate adult fast muscle gene expression in a variety of unrelated muscle gene families.
Дисертації з теми "Specific fibers"
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Snyder, Heidi Ghent. "Fiber type-specific desmin content in human single muscle fibers /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1253.pdf.
Повний текст джерела
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Ghent, Heidi. "Fiber Type-specific Desmin Content in Human Single Muscle Fibers." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2006. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/381.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Contractile and cytoskeletal protein concentrations have been shown to differ on the basis of fiber type in whole muscle homogenates. The purpose of this study was to compare the content of the intermediate filament protein, desmin, between type I and type IIa single muscle fibers from a mixed muscle in human subjects. Biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis of six recreationally active males. Approximately 150 single muscle fibers were dissected from each sample and analyzed using SDS-PAGE to determine myosin heavy chain (MHC) composition. Following identification, muscle fibers were pooled into two groups (MHC I and MHC IIa). Desmin and actin content within the pooled samples was determined via immunoblotting. On average, muscle samples were composed of 51 ± 7 % type I, 2 ± 1% type I/IIa, 27 ± 5% type IIa, 19 ± 4% type IIa/IIx and 1 ± 1% type IIx MHC single fibers. Desmin and actin contents were 40% and 34% higher in type I fibers compared to type IIa fibers, respectively (P < 0.05). However the desmin to actin ratio was similar between pooled type I and IIa single muscle fibers within the vastus lateralis. These data suggest that desmin and actin content is a function of muscle fiber type. These differences in cytoskeletal protein content may have implications for differences in contractile function and eccentric damage characteristics between fiber types.
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Shin, Hyeon Ung. "Catalytic property of fiber media supported palladium containing alloy nanoparticles and electrospun ceramic fibers biodurability study." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1458404276.
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Papponen, H. (Hinni). "The muscle specific chloride channel ClC-1 and myotonia congenita in Northern Finland." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2008. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514286926.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Functional defects in the muscle specific chloride channel ClC-1 result in reduced chloride conductance and electrical hyperexcitability, which in turn impairs muscle relaxation and leads to myotonia. The gene CLCN 1 codes for ClC-1 in humans, and mutations in CLCN 1 cause the disease known as myotonia congenita. Worldwide over 80 mutations in CLCN1 have been described, but only three were found in patients in Northern Finland. These included two missense mutations and a nonsense mutation. The behavior and localization of the normal and mutated ClC-1 mRNA and protein were analyzed in muscle cell cultures. In intact muscle the ClC-1 protein was seen in the sarcolemma, but after myofiber isolation the protein was located intracellularly. Sarcolemmal localization was restored when myofibers were electrically stimulated or treated with a protein kinase C inhibitor. When mutated ClC-1 proteins were examined in a myofiber cell culture system, retardation in the ER was observed with the two missense mutations. The nonsense mutation did not have an effect on the transport from the ER to the Golgi elements, but the mutated ClC-1 was degraded more rapidly than the wild type ClC-1, at least in myotubes. Both retardation and degradation of the mutated ClC-1 are likely to result in too few channels present at the plasma membrane of the muscle cell to maintain normal physiological function. A very strict quality control in muscle cells was observed. The behavior and survival of multinuclear skeletal muscle cells is dependent on innervation and muscle activity, and the balance between the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation pathways modulates the function of muscle chloride channelsTiivistelmä Lihasspesifisen kloridikanavan ClC-1:n toiminnalliset virheet johtavat alentuneeseen kloridin johtumiseen solukalvon läpi ja lihassolun ylieksitoitumiseen. Tämän seurauksena lihaksen rentoutuminen vaikeutuu ja havaitaan myotoniaa, lihasjäykkyyttä. Pohjoissuomalaisesta potilasmateriaalista tautiin johtavia geenimutaatioita löytyi kolme erilaista. Poikkeuksellista havainnoissa on erilaisten mutaatioiden vähyys, mikä on tyypillistä suomalaiselle tautiperinnölle. Yhteensä tämän kloridikanavan mutaatioita on julkaistu yli 80 erilaista. Tutkiessamme normaalin ja mutatoidun ClC-1 lRNA:n ja proteiinin käyttäytymistä ja sijaintia lihassoluviljelmissä. Havaitsimme eron lihasleikkeiden ja eristettyjen myofiibereiden välillä. Lihasleikkeissä ClC-1 paikantui solun pinnalle sarkolemmalle, mutta eristetyissä myofiibereissä lähinnä solun sisälle. Stimuloimalla eristettyjä myofiibereitä sähkövirralla tai käsittelemällä proteiini kinaasi C inhibiittorilla, saimme kloridikanava-proteiinin siirtymään takaisin solun pinnalle. Proteiinitasolla kuljetuksessa on havaittavissa eroja. Aminohappomuutokseen johtavat pistemutaatiot aiheuttivat proteiinin jäämisen endoplasmiseen kalvostoon, kun taas ennenaikaisen stop-kodonin johdosta lyhentynyt proteiini kuljetetaan eteenpäin Golgin laitteeseen. Myotuubeissa tämä lyhentynyt proteiini kuitenkin hajotettiin nopeammin kuin normaali kloridikanavaproteiini. Sekä kuljetuksen hidastuminen että nopeampi hajotus johtavat tilanteeseen, jossa lihassolun solukalvolla on liian vähän kloridikanavia ylläpitämään lihaksen normaalia fysiologista toimintaa. Monitumaisten lihassolujen laaduntarkkailu havaittiin vielä monitahoisemmaksi kuin yksitumaisilla. Monitumainen lihassolu on riippuvainen hermoärsytyksestä ja lihasaktiivisuudesta. Lisäksi fosforylaatioon liittyvä signalointi on tärkeää ClC-1 proteiinin oikealle paikantumiselle lihassolussa
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Luo, Yuheng, Ling Zhang, Hua Li, Hauke Smidt, Andre-Denis G. Wright, Keying Zhang, Xuemei Ding, et al. "Different Types of Dietary Fibers Trigger Specific Alterations in Composition and Predicted Functions of Colonic Bacterial Communities in BALB/c Mice." FRONTIERS MEDIA SA, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624217.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Soluble dietary fibers (SDF) are fermented more than insoluble dietary fibers (IDF), but their effect on colonic bacterial community structure and function remains unclear. Thus, bacterial community composition and function in the colon of BALB/c mice (n = 7) fed with a high level (approximately 20%) of typical SDF, oat-derived beta-glucan (G), microcrystalline cellulose (M) as IDF, or their mixture (GM), were compared. Mice in group G showed a lowest average feed intake (p < 0.05) but no change on the average body weight gain (p > 0.05) compared to other groups, which may be associated with the highest concentration of colonic propionate (p < 0.05) in these mice. The bacterial alpha-diversity of group G was significantly lower than other groups (p < 0.01). In group G, the relative abundance of bacteria belonging to the phylum Bacteroidetes was significantly increased, whereas bacteria from the phylum Firmicutes were significantly decreased (p < 0.01). The core bacteria for different treatments showed distinct differences. Bacteroides, Dehalobacterium, and Prevotella, including known acetogens and carbohydrate fermenting organisms, were significantly increased in relative abundance in group G. In contrast, Adlercreutzia, Odoribacter, and Coprococcus were significantly more abundant in group M, whereas Oscillospira, Desulfovibrio, and Ruminoccaceae, typical hydrogenotrophs equipped with multiple carbohydrate active enzymes, were remarkably enriched in group GM (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of bacteria from the three classes of Proteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria (including Enterobacteriaceae) and Deltaproteobacteria, were significantly more abundant in group G, indicating a higher ratio of conditional pathogenic bacteria in mice fed dietary beta-glucan in current study. The predicted colonic microbial function showed an enrichment of "Energy metabolism" and "Carbohydrate metabolism" pathways in mice from group G and M, suggesting that the altered bacterial community in the colon of mice with the two dietary fibers probably resulted in a more efficient degradation of dietary polysaccharides. Our result suggests that the influence of dietary beta-glucan (SDF) on colonic bacterial community of mice was more extensively than MCC (IDF). Co-supplementation of the two fibers may help to increase the bacterial diversity and reduce the conditional pathogens in the colon of mice.
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Niogi, Sumit Narayan. "Quantification of white matter integrity accounts for differences in specific cognitive function in adults with and without traumatic brain injury /." Access full-text from WCMC:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1432771681&sid=3&Fmt=2&clientId=8424&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Barančíková, Miriama. "Vysoce porézní keramické materiály připravené metodou Spark Plasma Sintering." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442603.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Porous ceramic materials are an interesting group of materials due to a wide range of physical properties, low density, and good permeability. Production of a monolith with a shape stability that would also have a high specific surface area and high porosity is a common problem with porous ceramics. The goal of this work was to maintain the high specific surface area and to produce a monolith with a shape stability. Two forms of porous silica nanofibers (as prepared and milled) were used and partially sintered using the Spark Plasma Sintering method (SPS). Different sintering times and temperatures for SPS were tested. The findings revealed that the best SPS conditions were as follows: temperature: 600 °C, sintering time: 5 minutes, pressure: 3 MPa, and the heating rate: 144 °C/min. These sintering conditions resulted in a stable silica based machinable monolith made from fibers or milled fibers. The monoliths have the specific surface area of up to 470 m^2/g and porosity of 72 %, or the specific surface area of up to 422 m^2/g and porosity of 69 % for as prepared fibers and milled fibers, respectively.
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Mo, Wing Yin. "Food wastes as feeds incorporated with Chinese herbs and prebiotic fibers on growth and non-specific immunity of grass carp, bighead, mud carp and Nile tilapia." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2014. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/91.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Food waste accounts for about 1/3 of the municipal waste generated in Hong Kong. Using food waste as major ingredients to produce fish feed pellets could ease part of the disposal pressure on the existing landfill sites. The present study focused on the use of food wastes and feed supplements (prebiotic fibres and Chinese herbs) for rearing freshwater fish (grass carp, bighead, mud carp and Nile tilapia) in Hong Kong. Two isonitrogenous formulations, Food Waste Diet A (FWA), consisted of 53% cereal, 10% fruit and vegetables, 8% bone meal, 4% other food waste, 10% fishmeal, 15% corn meal and Food Waste Diet B (FWB), consisted of 25% meat, 28% cereal, 10% fruit and vegetables, 8% bone meal, 4% other food waste, 10% fishmeal, 15% corn meal were manufactured by Kowloon Biotechnology Ltd, were used as feeds for rearing grass carp, bighead, mud carp and Nile tilapia. The essential amino acid profiles and proximate compositions (crude protein, crude lipid and total phosphorous) of the two food waste based feed pellets were compared with other common feed items, including Napier grass, rice bran, breads, noodles, soybean dreg (remains of soybean after juicing for soybean milk) and the commercial feed pellets (Jiefeng® 613). Jiefeng® 613, FWA and FWB possessed 5.83%, 5.76% 5.79% (% protein) of lysine, which could satisfy the dietary requirements of both grass carp and Nile tilapia. Results indicated all the fish feed pellets possessed sufficient essential amino acids and suitable proximate compositions (crude lipid, crude protein, crude fibre and non-fibrous carbohydrate) for both grass carp and Nile tilapia. A field trial was conducted using the three feed pellets (Jiefeng® 613, FWA and FWB) to study their effects on fish growth (grass carp, bighead and mud carp) as well as water quality. FWA that possessing a higher P content (2770 μg/g feed, while control= 967 μg/g feed and FWB= 1942 μg/g feed) favoured the growth of plankton and led to better growth of bighead carp (in terms of length gain, wet weight gain and productivity), while grass carp fed with FWB showed significant better growth (in terms of length gain, wet weight gain, productivity, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio), probably due to the relatively lower amount of carbohydrate (24.2%) and CHO:L ratio (1.83) than Control and FWA. Mud carp grew equally well in ponds fed with the three diets. FWB was subsequentially selected for further feeding experiments. A laboratory feeding trial was conducted to study the effects of feeding grass carp and Nile tilapia with FWB on their growth performance in terms of relative weight gain (RWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), specific growth rate (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER), and protein digestibility. Both fish fed with FWB showed similar growth performances to groups fed with control diet (Jiefeng® 613), while grass carp showed impaired protein digestibility when compared to group fed with control diet. FWB supplemented with 0.3% of vitamin-mineral premix (VMP) significantly improved the growth performance of both fish species and protein digestibility for grass carp. Results suggested that FWB incorporation with VMP would be necessary as it significantly enhanced growth of the fish. Four dietary supplements (inulin, mannan-oligosacharride, huangqi and goji, at the rates of 0.2% or 2%, w/w) were incorporated into FWB for further enhancing fish growth as well as non-specific immunity of grass carp and Nile tilapia. Grass carp fed with 0.2% and 2% inulin, 2% MOS and 0.2% goji, and Nile tilapia fed with 0.2% goji had significantly enhanced growth (RWG, FCR, SGR and PER). Both prebiotic fibres and Chinese herbs boosted the tested non-specific immune parameters (total serum immunoglobin, serum bactericidal activity and anti-protease activity) of both species. Among all the dietary supplements, 0.2% goji appeared to be the best supplement for both grass carp and Nile tilapia as it significantly enhanced the growth among all experimental diets. Grass carp and Nile tilapia fed with 0.2% showed about 10% and 30% higher RWG, 10% and 30% lower FCR value, respectively, than groups fed with other experimental diets. Moreover, all the tested non-specific immune parameters (total serum immunoglobin, serum bactericidal activity and anti-protease activity) were significantly enhanced when compared with the groups fed with control diets (Control and FWB without supplementation) . The present study demonstrated the feasibilities of using food wastes incorporated with feed supplements (prebiotic fibres and Chinese herbs) to enhance fish growth and immunity, for the sustainable development of Hong Kong inland aquaculture.
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Kalakoutis, Michaeljohn. "Specific force in human single muscle fibres with specific reference to ageing." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2017. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/specific-force-in-human-single-muscle-fibres-with-specific-reference-to-ageing(99224606-619b-46f8-87d4-a175a2ade014).html.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The loss of muscle strength in the elderly is greater than the loss of muscle mass, termed specific force (SF) loss, and indicates that a decrease in muscle quality contributes to age-related muscular weakness. The present PhD thesis has studied age-related SF loss in human skeletal muscle using a skinned single muscle fibre model. A large variation in published skinned fibre SF measurements was found to exist in the literature. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to identify factors causing this variability. The majority of publications were objectively divided into four research groups based on shared authorship. Methodological differences between research groups contributed to ~30% of the variance in the literature, suggesting that they are an important contributor to the variance in published SF values. Different research groups use different activating solutions to study skinned fibres, and were assessed experimentally. Skinned fibres were exposed to different, but commonly used activating solutions (termed A and B). A significantly higher SF and a shorter time to half peak tension (t50) was measured from the same fibres in solution B compared with solution A. The use of TES in solution B instead of Imidazole as a pH buffer largely caused the SF difference, and a lower Cl- concentration and the use of Glutathione in solution B partly caused the faster t50. These findings indicate that the use of different activating solutions likely affects the variance of published SF values. The final study in this thesis compared SF between skinned fibres from physically active and comparatively frail elderly cohorts to a young, healthy group. MHC I fibre SF was significantly higher in solution B than A within all groups. No significant differences in SF, myosin content (SDS PAGE) or order (X-ray diffraction) were observed between groups. These findings suggest that physical activity does not affect age-related skinned fibre SF loss and that SF is related to skinned fibre myosin content.
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Vafaee, Maedeh. "Conception, développement et caractérisation des fibres spécifiques activées (composite nanoweb) pour le traitement des rejets de l'industrie textile." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MULH3062.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Dans cette recherche, dans un premier temps, un nouveau catalyseur a été synthétisé par une nouvelle méthode de combustion et il a été également caractérisé et mis en oeuvre dans un réacteur photo catalytique afin de dégrader les composés organiques. Puis, ces photo-catalyseurs ont été immobilisés sur la surface de non-tissés de nano fibres polyamide obtenues par le procédé d'électro-filage (electro-spinning) en utilisant une machine semi-industrielle. Ensuite, les comportements mécaniques de non tissés de nano-fibre de polyamide (PA) ont été étudiés à court et à long terme par test de traction et de fluage. Ceci a permis d'une part d'évaluer finement les propriétés des non tissés et d'autre part de modéliser leur comportement au moyen de modèles analogiques. Le modèle de Kelvin-Voigt généralisé a montré sa robustesse. Ces non tissés de nanofibres ont été installés sur 1a paroi du réacteur afin d'avoir un réacteur en inox à lit fixe et d'éviter des inconvénients d'un système hétérogène. Les résultats d'analyse des solutions, nous ont montré une dégradation favorable des composés organiques et les produits intermédiaires dans un système de circulation fermée. La mise sous pression du réacteur a confirmé, comme montré dans les essais mécaniques, que les propriétés mécaniques des fibres dopées étaient suffisantes pour supporter les contraintes mécaniques liées au flux du liquideIn this research, at first, a new catalyst was synthesized by a new combustion method and it was also characterized and applied in a photo-catalytic reactor to degrade the organic compounds. Then, these photocatalysts were immobilized on the surface of nonwovens of polyamide nano fibers obtained by the electro-spinning process using a semi-industrial machine. Then, the mechanical behaviors of polyamide (PA) nano-fiber nonwovens were studied in the short and long term by tensile and creep test. This allowed on the one hand to evaluate finely the properties of nonwovens and on the other hand to model their behavior on average of analog models. The generalized Kelvin-Voigt model has shown its robustness. They were installed on the reactor wall in order to have a stainless steel fixed bed reactor and to avoid the disadvantages of a heterogencous system. The solution analysis results showed us a favorable degradation of organic compounds and intermediate products in a closed circulation system. Pressurizing the reactor confirmed, as shown in the mechanical tests, that the mechanical properties of the doped fibers were sufficient to withstand the mechanical stresses associated with the flow of the Jiquid
Книги з теми "Specific fibers"
1
Taylor, Marjorie A. Technology of textile properties: An introduction. 3rd ed. London: Forbes Publications Ltd, 1990.
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2
Keller, Thomas. Use of fibre reinforced polymers in bridge construction. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed007.
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<p>The aim of the present Structural Engineering Document, a state-of-the-art report, is to review the progress made worldwide in the use of fibre reinforced polymers as structural components in bridges until the end of the year 2000.<p> Due to their advantageous material properties such as high specific strength, a large tolerance for frost and de-icing salts and, furthermore, short installation times with minimum traffic interference, fibre reinforced polymers have matured to become valuable alternative building materials for bridge structures. Today, fibre reinforced polymers are manufactured industrially to semi-finished products and ccimplete structural components, which can be easily and quickly installed or erected on site.<p> Examples of semi-finished products and structural components available are flexible tension elements, profiles stiff in bending and sandwich panels. As tension elements, especially for the purpose of strengthening, strips and sheets are available, as weil as reinforcing bars for concrete reinforcement and prestressing members for internal prestressing or external use. Profiles are available for beams and columns, and sandwich constructions especially for bridge decks. During the manufacture of the structural components fibre-optic sensors for continuous monitoring can be integrated in the materials. Adhesives are being used more and more for joining components.<p> Fibre reinforced polymers have been used in bridge construction since the mid-1980s, mostly for the strengthening of existing structures, and increasingly since the mid-1990s as pilot projects for new structures. In the case of new structures, three basic types of applications can be distinguished: concrete reinforcement, new hybrid structures in combination with traditional construction materials, and all-composite applications, in which the new materials are used exclusively.<p> This Structural Engineering Document also includes application and research recommendations with particular reference to Switzerland.<p> This book is aimed at both students and practising engineers, working in the field of fibre reinforced polymers, bridge design, construction, repair and strengthening.
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Megraw, R. A. Wood quality factors in loblolly pine: The influence of tree age, position in tree, and cultural practice on wood specific gravity, fiber length, and fibril angle. Atlanta, GA: TAPPI Press, 1985.
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4
Bellenir, Karen. Diet and nutrition sourcebook: Basic consumer health information about dietary guidelines, recommended daily intake values, vitamins, minerals, fiber, fat, weight control, dietary supplements, and food additives; along with special sections on nutrition needs throughout life and nutrition for people with such specific medical concerns as allergies, high blood cholesterol, hypertension, diabetes, celiac disease, seizure disorders, phenylketonuria (PKU), cancer and eating disorders, and including reports on current nutrition research and source listings for additional help and information. 2nd ed. Detroit, MI: Omnigraphics, 1999.
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5
Taylor, Marjorie A., and M. A. Taylor. Technology of Textile Properties. 3rd ed. Hyperion Books, 1990.
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6
Amaro Pérez, Andrea, Adrián Suárez Zapata, Pedro A. Martínez Delgado, Abraham Menéndez Márquez, Jorge Victoria Ahuir, and José Torres País. Shielding effectiveness of plastic materials for 5G applications. Editorial Científica 3Ciencias, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17993/ingytec.2022.79.
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The study and modelling of EMC are becoming more critical than ever due to the ubiquitous presence of electronic circuits in all aspects of our lives. Specifically, it is crucial to extend these studies to the new frequencies that, in a few years, will be a reality in modern telecommunications systems, such as 5G and its derived technologies. A specific critical field where the proper EMI shielding has been ensured to avoid EMC problems is the electric autonomous vehicles (EAVs). The huge number of electronics systems in new vehicles will dramatically extend the demands on the EMI shielding solutions used to attenuate the radiated emissions that could affect circuits in the vehicle. Metals or metal alloys are the most common EMI shielding materials since they demonstrate adequate shielding capacity against EMI. However, polymers have become up-and-coming materials for EMI shielding with the characteristics of lightweight, flexibility, cost-effective, easy processing, and resistance to corrosion. Consequently, it is necessary to develop EMI shielding materials based on polymers, plastic materials, and fiber composites that ensure compliance with the different standards that regulate 5G and the proper operation of possible systems susceptible to the intentional and unintended signals generated by this new technology. This contribution focuses on characterizing different composite structures performance based on fibers combined with conductive materials in terms of shielding effectiveness, covering the 5G sub-6 GHz frequency range.
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Enoki, Toshiaki, Morinobu Endo, and Masatsugu Suzuki. Graphite Intercalation Compounds and Applications. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195128277.001.0001.
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Graphite intercalation compounds are a new class of electronic materials that are classified as graphite-based host guest systems. They have specific structural features based on the alternating stacking of graphite and guest intercalate sheets. The electronic structures show two-dimensional metallic properties with a large variety of features including superconductivity. They are also interesting from the point of two-dimensional magnetic systems. This book presents the synthesis, crystal structures, phase transitions, lattice dynamics, electronic structures, electron transport properties, magnetic properties, surface phenomena, and applications of graphite intercalation compounds. The applications covered include batteries, highly conductive graphite fibers, exfoliated graphite and intercalated fullerenes and nanotubes.
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Price, Chane, Zahid Huq, Eellan Sivanesan, and Constantine Sarantopoulos. Pain Pathways and Pain Physiology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190457006.003.0001.
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Pain is a multidimensional sensory experience that is mediated by complex peripheral and central neuroanatomical pathways and mechanisms. Typically, noxious stimuli activate specific peripheral nerve terminals onto Aδ and C nerve fibers that convey pain and generate signals that are relayed and processed in the spinal cord and then conveyed via the spinothalamic tracts to the contralateral thalamus and from there to the brain. Acute pain is self-limited and resolves with the healing process, but conditions of extensive injury or inflammation sensitize the pain pathways and generate aberrant, augmented responses. Peripheral and central sensitization of neurons (as a result of spatially and temporally excessive inflammation or intense afferent signal traffic) may result in hyperexcitability and chronicity of pain, with spontaneous pain and abnormal evoked responses to stimuli (allodynia, hyperalgesia). Finally, neuropathic pain follows injury or disease to nerves as a result of hyperexcitability augmented by various sensitizing mechanisms.
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Walczak, Jean-Sébastien. Understanding the responsiveness of C-fibres. Edited by Paul Farquhar-Smith, Pierre Beaulieu, and Sian Jagger. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834359.003.0006.
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In the paper discussed in this chapter, Ainsley Iggo used electrophysiology to characterize mechanosensory fibres from the saphenous nerve in cats. Using fine techniques of dissection he recorded from single units and therefore could discriminate between the various types of sensitivity of afferent fibres. This article describes properties of primary afferent neurons in response to precise calibrated mechanical stimuli and focused on mechanical sensitivity of C-fibres. In addition, the manuscript describes the properties of skin-receptor fields. The paper showed that not all C-fibres responded to high-intensity stimuli and that receptive fields were quite small. In addition, it provided a qualitative evaluation of stimuli necessary to activate those fibres. Hence, by isolating fibres that responded only to strong stimulation, this article showed that the peripheral nervous system is equipped with a specific apparatus for detecting nociceptive stimuli; this was a great step forward in understanding the physiology of pain.
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Thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and specific heat of copper-carbon fiber composite. Washington D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1988.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "Specific fibers"
1
Fourné, Franz. "Polymer Specific Processes." In Synthetic Fibers, 33–171. München: Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/9783446401334.002.
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Moore, P. J. "Immunogold Localization of Specific Components of Plant Cell Walls." In Plant Fibers, 70–88. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83349-6_4.
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Aoki, Satoshi, Hisayuki Hara, and Akimichi Takemura. "The Set of Moves Connecting Specific Fibers." In Springer Series in Statistics, 229–47. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3719-2_13.
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Simoneau, J. A. "Species-Specific Ranges of Metabolic Adaptations in Skeletal Muscle." In The Dynamic State of Muscle Fibers, edited by Dirk Pette, 587–600. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110884784-046.
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Le Moigne, N., and P. Navard. "On the Specific Behaviour of Native Cellulose Fibers upon Dissolution." In ACS Symposium Series, 137–48. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2010-1033.ch007.
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Henriksson, J., P. M. Nemeth, K. Borg, S. Salmons, and O. H. Lowry. "Fibre Type-Specific Enzyme Activity Profiles. A Single Fibre Study of the Effects of Chronic Stimulation on the Rabbit Fast-Twitch Tibialis Anterior Muscle." In The Dynamic State of Muscle Fibers, edited by Dirk Pette, 385–98. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110884784-032.
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Sierakowski, Marek, and Andrzej W. Domanski. "Specific Requirements for Optical Fibers-Liquid Crystal Combined Elements in Optical Network." In Laser in der Technik / Laser in Engineering, 670–74. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84736-3_115.
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Chu, Zeng Yong, Rong An He, H. F. Cheng, Xiao Dong Li, and Jun Wang. "Effect of Heat Treatment on Specific Surface Area of Si-C-O Fibers." In High-Performance Ceramics V, 1639–41. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-473-1.1639.
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Hsieh, You-Lo, Yuhong Wang, and Hong Chen. "Enzyme Immobilization onto Ultrahigh Specific Surface Cellulose Fibers via Amphiphilic (PEG) Spacers and Electrolyte (PAA) Grafts." In ACS Symposium Series, 63–79. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2005-0900.ch005.
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Jasmin, Bernard J., Céline Boudreau-Larivière, Feisal A. Adatia, Lindsay Angus, Roxanne Y. Y. Chan, Mark Kotlarewski, Andrea M. Krupa, and Fawzi A. Mankal. "Molecular Mechanisms Controlling the Synapse-Specific Expression and Activity-Linked Regulation of Acetylcholinesterase in Skeletal Muscle Fibers." In Structure and Function of Cholinesterases and Related Proteins, 45–50. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1540-5_6.
Повний текст джерелаТези доповідей конференцій з теми "Specific fibers"
1
Feng, Yu, and Clement Kleinstreuer. "Transport and Deposition of Ellipsoidal Fibers in Subject-Specific Lung Airways." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-87032.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Fine to ultrafine materials, such as spherical particles and fibers with their diverse applications ranging from cosmetics, cleaners and composites to nanomedicine are increasingly ubiquitous in the air we breathe. For example, the unique lung deposition patterns of nanoparticles and their ease-of-migration into the blood stream may cause severe health problems, as discussed by Oberdoerster et al. (2005). In contrast, multifunctional nanoparticles as well as micron fibers are also being used as drug carriers for cancer treatment (Zhang et al., 2011). While the transport and deposition of spherical nanoparticles has been analyzed (Kleinstreuer and Zhang, 2010; among others), the fate of ellipsoidal particles in subject-specific lung airways has hardly been addressed. In this study, the Euler-Lagrange fluid-particle modeling approach (i.e., the Discrete Phase Method solver) has been employed in Fluent 13.0 (ANSYS, Canonsburg, PA). User-supplied C-programs have been added to simulate ellipsoidal fibers transport and orientation effects. The computer simulation model has been validated for fiber transport and deposition in a circular tube (Tian et al., 2012). Additionally, transitional airflow patterns were analyzed and local deposition efficiencies compared for spherical particles and fibers in a realistic human respiratory system. The capability of ellipsoidal fibers migrating into deeper lung regions was indicated and fiber deposition “hot spots” were discussed. The numerical results expand the basic understanding of the dynamics of non-spherical particles in realistic shear flows, and can be used to investigate the fate of inhaled toxic or therapeutic materials.
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Dragic, P. D., C. Ryan, C. J. Kucera, M. Cavillon, M. Tuggle, M. Jones, T. W. Hawkins, R. Stolen, and J. Ballato. "Tailoring Optical Fibers With Application-Specific Physical Properties for Sensing Systems." In Specialty Optical Fibers. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/sof.2016.som3g.1.
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Pal, Bishnu P., Somnath Ghosh, Ajanta Barh, and Ravi Varshney. "Application-specific Specialty Optical Fibers: A new Paradigm in Fiber Designs." In 2019 URSI Asia-Pacific Radio Science Conference (AP-RASC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ursiap-rasc.2019.8738593.
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Pal, Bishnu P. "Application-specific microstructured specialty optical fibers: An emerging platform for exotic fiber designs." In 2012 International Conference on Computers and Devices for Communication (CODEC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/codec.2012.6509210.
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Pal, Bishnu P., S. Ghosh, and R. K. Varshney. "Microstructured Optical Fibers: Newest opportunity for fiber designers to realize a myriad of tailored application-specific optical fibers1." In International Conference on Fibre Optics and Photonics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/photonics.2012.m1a.2.
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Kadlowec, Jennifer A., Spencer P. Lake, Kristin S. Miller, Louis J. Soslowsky, and Dawn M. Elliott. "A Hyperelastic Model With Distributed Fibers to Describe Human Supraspinatus Tendon Tensile Mechanics." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206509.
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Tendon tissue is composed of collagen fibers in a hydrated proteoglycan matrix. Although many tendons have fibers that are highly aligned (e.g. flexor tendon), the supraspinatus tendon (SST) of the shoulder has significant distribution of fiber alignment [1]. The alignment and distribution of the fibers likely contributes to the nonlinear and anisotropic mechanical behavior, however this has not been demonstrated. Understanding the role of fiber structure on tendon mechanical behavior, that is, characterizing the structure-function relationships, is critical to evaluate the function of injured, degenerated, or healing tendons and would be invaluable in the design and assessment of tissue engineered tendon replacements. While a structurally based hyperelastic model has been developed for tendon [2], this model contained only a single fiber orientation, which is not adequate for the more distributed fiber structure in the SST. We have recently applied a hyperelastic model formulation that has distributed collagen fiber orientation developed by Gasser and colleagues for the arterial wall [3] to model a tendon analog made from nanofibrous scaffolds [4]. The objective of this study was to build on previous work to apply a hyperelastic fiber-reinforced constitutive model that includes a specific term for fiber distribution to the tensile mechanics of human SST and to evaluate the site-specific model material properties.
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Saad, Mahmoud, Vincent Sabathier, and Anaclet Turatsinze. "Natural Fibers vs. Synthetic Fibers Reinforcement: Effect on Resistance of Mortars to Impact Loads." In 4th International Conference on Bio-Based Building Materials. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/cta.1.95.
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Given their specific properties, their natural and renewable sources and their low environmental impact in production, natural fibers offer an opportunity for the development of eco-friendly cement-based composites. The main objective of this experimental work is to evaluate the resistance to the impact load of mortars incorporating natural fibers or polypropylene fibers at 28 days. The assessment was carried out according to an experimental protocol developed in our laboratory. The method consists in dropping a metallic ball on a square shaped specimen of 30x30x2 cm3 to determine the energy supported by each sample. For each specimen, the number of blows required for the first crack initiation and for the total collapse of specimen are detected using a device allowing to measure the speed of ultrasonic waves. The device was fixed on the specimen itself. In order to fulfill the mechanical identity card of the composites, flexural and compression tests were also carried out at 28 days. In this experimental protocol, the pozzolanic binder was considered with different fiber percentages of polypropylene (0.25% and 0.5% by mass of binder) and of natural fibers (0.5% and 1% by mass of binder). All fibers have a length of 12 mm. Results show that natural fiber reinforcement could be considered as an ecological alternative to polypropylene fiber one to improve the resistance of mortars to impact loads.
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Norman, Richard E., Ian A. Sigal, Sophie M. K. Rausch, Inka Tertinegg, Armin Eilaghi, Sharon Portnoy, John G. Sled, John G. Flanagan, and C. Ross Ethier. "Mechanics of Individual-Specific Corneoscleral Shell Models." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-192576.
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Glaucoma is a group of diseases involving a progressive optic neuropathy of unknown etiology. It is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. It has been postulated that glaucomatous optic neuropathy may result from mechanical stresses on the optic nerve fibers passing through the lamina cribrosa (LC), from ischemia in the LC region, or from a combination of these two.
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Shiraishi, Toshihiko, Kazuhiro Sakata, Shin Morishita, and Ryohei Takeuchi. "Visualization of Actin Fibers in a Living Osteoblast Under Shear Deformation." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-39810.
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Bone cells are adaptive to surrounding mechanical conditions. Osteoblasts, one of bone cells, have been reported to be sensible to mechanical stimulation and change the generated bone mass. Activation of the signaling molecules in relation to the initial mechanoreception appears to be mediated though changes in the cytoskeleton. In this study, we propose a method to visualize cytoskeletal actin fibers in a living osteoblast under applied shear deformation and measure the local deformation of actin fibers. Transfection of MC3T3-E1, which is an osteoblast-like cell line, with GFP-actin was performed using a transfection reagent. Shear deformation was applied to the cell using a micropipette. As a result of the experiment, it is shown to be able to recognize the specific points such as points crossed by the actin fibers and obtain the local deformation vectors of the actin fiber network at the specific points in the cell. The present method contributes to not only obtaining the deformation distribution of actin fibers in cells but also understanding the mechanotransduction mechanisms.
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Pal, Bishnu P., Ravi K. Varshney, and Ajanta Barh. "Application-specific Specialty Microstructured Optical Fibers for Mid-IR and THz Photonics." In International Conference on Fibre Optics and Photonics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/photonics.2016.th1a.1.
Повний текст джерелаЗвіти організацій з теми "Specific fibers"
1
Delmer, Deborah P., Douglas Johnson, and Alex Levine. The Role of Small Signal Transducing Gtpases in the Regulation of Cell Wall Deposition Patterns in Plants. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7570571.bard.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The combined research of the groups of Delmer, Levine and Johnson has led to a number of interesting findings with respect to the function of the small GTPase Rac in plants and also opened up new leads for future research. The results have shown: 1) The Rac13 protein undergoes geranylgeranlyation and is also translocated to the plasma membrane as found for Rac in mammals; 2) When cotton Rac13 is highly- expressed in yeast, it leads to an aberrant phenotype reminiscent of mutants impaired in actin function, supporting a role for Rac13 in cytoskeletal organization; 3) From our searches, there is no strong evidence that plants contain homologs of the related CDC42 genes found in yeast and mammals; 4) We have identified a rather unique Rac gene in Arabidopsis that has unusual extensions at both the N- and C-terminal portions of the protein; 5) New evidence was obtained that an oxidative burst characterized by substantial and sustained production of H202 occurs coincident with the onset of secondary wall synthesis in cotton fibers. Further work indicates that the H202 produced may be a signal for the onset of this phase of development and also strongly suggests that Rac plays an important role in signaling for event. Since the secondary walls of plants that contain high levels of lignin and cellulose are the major source of biomass on earth, understanding what signals control this process may well in the future have important implications for manipulating the timing and extent of secondary wall deposition. 6) When the cotton Rac13 promoter is fused to the reporter gene GUS, expression patterns in Arabidopsis indicate very strong and specific expression in developing trichomes and in developing xyelm. Since both of these cell types are engaged in secondary wall synthesis, this further supports a role for Rac in signaling for onset of this process. Since cotton fibers are anatomically defined as trichomes, these data may also be quite useful for future studies in which the trichomes of Arabidopsis may serve as a model for cotton fiber development; the Rac promoter can therefore be useful to drive expression of other genes proposed to affect fiber development and study the effects on the process; 7) The Rac promoter has also been shown to be the best so far tested for use in development of a system for transient transformation of developing cotton fibers, a technique that should have many applications in the field of cotton biotechnology; 8) One candidate protein that may interact with Rac13 to be characterized further in the future is a protein kinase that may be analogous to the PAK kinase that is known to interact with Rac in mammals.
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Delmer, Deborah P., and Prem S. Chourey. The Importance of the Enzyme Sucrose Synthase for Cell Wall Synthesis in Plants. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568771.bard.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The goal of this work was to understand the role of the enzyme sucrose synthase (SuSy) in synthesis of cellulose and callose in plants. The work resulting from the this grant leads to a number of conclusions. SuSy clearly plays diverse roles in carbon metabolism. It can associate with the plasma membrane of cells undergoing rapid cellulose deposition, such as cotton fibers, developing maize endosperm, gravistimulated pulvini, and transfer cells of the cotton seed. It is also concentrated at sites of high callose deposition (tapetal cells; cell plates). When SuSy levels are lowered by mutation or by anti-sense technology, cell walls undergo degeneration (maize endosperm) and show reduced levels of cellulose (potato tubers). In sum, our evidence has very much strengthened the concept that SuSy does function in the plasma membrane to channel carbon from sucrose via UDP-glucose to glucan synthase complexes. Soluble SuSy also clearly plays a role in providing carbon for starch synthesis and respiration. Surprisingly, we found that the cotton seed is one unique case where SuSy apparently does not play a role in starch synthesis. Current evidence in sum suggests that no specific SuSy gene encodes the membrane-associated form, although in maize the SS 1 form of SuSy may be most important for cell wall synthesis in the early stages of endosperm development. Work is still in progress to determine what does control membrane localization - and the current evidence we have favors a role for Ca2+, and possibly also protein phosphorylation by differentially regulated protein kinases. Finally, we have discovered for the first time, a major new family of genes that encode the catalytic subunit of the cellulose synthase of plants - a result that has been widely cited and opens many new approaches for the study of this important plant function.
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Morrison, Mark, Joshuah Miron, Edward A. Bayer, and Raphael Lamed. Molecular Analysis of Cellulosome Organization in Ruminococcus Albus and Fibrobacter Intestinalis for Optimization of Fiber Digestibility in Ruminants. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7586475.bard.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Improving plant cell wall (fiber) degradation remains one of the highest priority research goals for all ruminant enterprises dependent on forages, hay, silage, or other fibrous byproducts as energy sources, because it governs the provision of energy-yielding nutrients to the host animal. Although the predominant species of microbes responsible for ruminal fiber degradation are culturable, the enzymology and genetics underpinning the process are poorly defined. In that context, there were two broad objectives for this proposal. The first objective was to identify the key cellulosomal components in Ruminococcus albus and to characterize their structural features as well as regulation of their expression, in response to polysaccharides and (or) P AA/PPA. The second objective was to evaluate the similarities in the structure and architecture of cellulosomal components between R. albus and other ruminal and non-ruminal cellulolytic bacteria. The cooperation among the investigators resulted in the identification of two glycoside hydrolases rate-limiting to cellulose degradation by Ruminococcus albus (Cel48A and CeI9B) and our demonstration that these enzymes possess a novel modular architecture specific to this bacterium (Devillard et al. 2004). We have now shown that the novel X-domains in Cel48A and Cel9B represent a new type of carbohydrate binding module, and the enzymes are not part of a ceiluiosome-like complex (CBM37, Xu et al. 2004). Both Cel48A and Cel9B are conditionally expressed in response to P AA/PPA, explaining why cellulose degradation in this bacterium is affected by the availability of these compounds, but additional studies have shown for the first time that neither PAA nor PPA influence xylan degradation by R. albus (Reveneau et al. 2003). Additionally, the R. albus genome sequencing project, led by the PI. Morrison, has supported our identification of many dockerin containing proteins. However, the identification of gene(s) encoding a scaffoldin has been more elusive, and recombinant proteins encoding candidate cohesin modules are now being used in Israel to verify the existence of dockerin-cohesin interactions and cellulosome production by R. albus. The Israeli partners have also conducted virtually all of the studies specific to the second Objective of the proposal. Comparative blotting studies have been conducted using specific antibodies prepare against purified recombinant cohesins and X-domains, derived from cellulosomal scaffoldins of R. flavefaciens 17, a Clostridium thermocellum mutant-preabsorbed antibody preparation, or against CbpC (fimbrial protein) of R. albus 8. The data also suggest that additional cellulolytic bacteria including Fibrobacter succinogenes S85, F. intestinalis DR7 and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens Dl may also employ cellulosomal modules similar to those of R. flavefaciens 17. Collectively, our work during the grant period has shown that R. albus and other ruminal bacteria employ several novel mechanisms for their adhesion to plant surfaces, and produce both cellulosomal and non-cellulosomal forms of glycoside hydrolases underpinning plant fiber degradation. These improvements in our mechanistic understanding of bacterial adhesion and enzyme regulation now offers the potential to: i) optimize ruminal and hindgut conditions by dietary additives to maximize fiber degradation (e.g. by the addition of select enzymes or PAA/PPA); ii) identify plant-borne influences on adhesion and fiber-degradation, which might be overcome (or improved) by conventional breeding or transgenic plant technologies and; iii) engineer or select microbes with improved adhesion capabilities, cellulosome assembly and fiber degradation. The potential benefits associated with this research proposal are likely to be realized in the medium term (5-10 years).
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Upadhyaya, Shrini K., Abraham Shaviv, Abraham Katzir, Itzhak Shmulevich, and David S. Slaughter. Development of A Real-Time, In-Situ Nitrate Sensor. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7586537.bard.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Although nitrate fertilizers are critical for enhancing crop production, excess application of nitrate fertilizer can result in ground water contamination leading to the so called "nitrate problem". Health and environmental problems related to this "nitrate problem" have led to serious concerns in many parts of the world including the United States and Israel. These concerns have resulted in legislation limiting the amount of nitrate N in drinking water to 10mg/g. Development of a fast, reliable, nitrate sensor for in-situ application can be extremely useful in dynamic monitoring of environmentally sensitive locations and applying site-specific amounts of nitrate fertilizer in a precision farming system. The long range objective of this study is to develop a fast, reliable, real-time nitrate sensor. The specific objective of this one year feasibility study was to explore the possible use of nitrate sensor based on mid-IR spectroscopy developed at UCD along with the silver halide fiber ATR (i.e. attenuated total internal reflection) sensor developed at TAU to detect nitrate content in solution and soil paste in the presence of interfering compounds. Experiments conducted at Technion and UCD clearly demonstrate the feasibility of detecting nitrate content in solutions as well as soil pastes using mid-IR spectroscopy and an ATR technique. When interfering compounds such as carbonates, bicarbonates, organic matter etc. are present special data analysis technique such as singular value decomposition (SYD) or cross correlation was necessary to detect nitrate concentrations successfully. Experiments conducted in Israel show that silver halide ATR fiber based FEWS, particularly flat FEWS, resulted in low standard error and high coefficient of determination (i.e. R² values) indicating the potential of the flat Fiberoptic Evanescent Wave Spectroscopy (FEWS) for direct determinations of nitrate. Moreover, they found that it was possible to detect nitrate and other anion concentrations using anion exchange membranes and M1R spectroscopy. The combination of the ion-exchange membranes with fiberoptices offers one more option to direct determination of nitrate in environmental systems.
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Morkun, Vladimir S., Natalia V. Morkun, and Andrey V. Pikilnyak. Augmented reality as a tool for visualization of ultrasound propagation in heterogeneous media based on the k-space method. [б. в.], February 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3757.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
For programming the AR tools, interactive objects and creating the markers, the method of fiber spaces (k-space) for modeling of ultrasonic wave propagation in an inhomogeneous medium using coarse grids, with maintaining the required accuracy was used. The algorithm and tools of augmented reality were introduced into the adaptive control system of the pulp gas phase in the iron ore flotation process using a control action on the basis of high-energy ultrasound dynamic effects generated by ultrasonic phased arrays. The tools of augmented reality based on k-space methods allow to facilitate wider adoption of ultrasound technology and visualize the ultra-sound propagation in heterogeneous media by providing a specific correspondence between the ultrasound data acquired in real- time and a sufficiently detailed augmented 3D scene. The tools of augmented reality allow seeing the field of ultrasound propagation, its characteristics, as well as the effect of the dynamic effects of ultrasound on the change in the gas phase during the flotation process.
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Weinberg, Zwi G., Richard E. Muck, Nathan Gollop, Gilad Ashbell, Paul J. Weimer, and Limin Kung, Jr. effect of lactic acid bacteria silage inoculants on the ruminal ecosystem, fiber digestibility and animal performance. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7587222.bard.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The overall objective of the whole research was to elucidate the mechanisms by which LAB silage inoculants enhance ruminant performance. The results generated will permit the development of better silage inoculants that maximize both silage preservation and animal performance. For this one-year BARD feasibility study, the objectives were to: 1. determine whether lactic acid bacteria (LAB) used in inoculants for silage can survive in rumen fluid (RF) 2.select the inoculants that survived best, and 3. test whether LAB silage inoculants produce bacteriocins-like substances. The most promising strains will be used in the next steps of the research. Silage inoculants containing LAB are used in order to improve forage preservation efficiency. In addition, silage inoculants enhance animal performance in many cases. This includes improvements in feed intake, liveweight gain and milk production in 25-40% of studies reviewed. The cause for the improvement in animal performance is not clear but appears to be other than direct effect of LAB inoculants on silage fermentation. Results from various studies suggest a possible probiotic effect. Our hypothesis is that specific LAB strains interact with rumen microorganisms which results in enhanced rumen functionality and animal performance. The first step of the research is to determine whether LAB of silage inoculants survive in RF. Silage inoculants (12 in the U.S. and 10 in Israel) were added to clarified and strained RF. Inoculation rate was 10 ⁶ (clarified RF), 10⁷ (strained RF) (in the U.S.) and 10⁷, 10⁸ CFU ml⁻¹ in Israel (strained RF). The inoculated RF was incubated for 72 and 96 h at 39°C, with and without 5 g 1⁻¹ glucose. Changes in pH, LAB numbers and fermentation products were monitored throughout the incubation period. The results indicated that LAB silage inoculants can survive in RF. The inoculants with the highest counts after 72 h incubation in rumen fluid were Lactobacillus plantarum MTD1 and a L. plantarum/P. cerevisiae mixture (USA) and Enterococcus faecium strains and Lactobacillus buchneri (Israel). Incubation of rumen fluid with silage LAB inoculants resulted in higher pH values in most cases as compared with that of un-inoculated controls. The magnitude of the effect varied among inoculants and typically was enhanced with the inoculants that survived best. This might suggest the mode of action of LAB silage inoculants in the rumen as higher pH enhances fibrolytic microorganisms in the rumen. Volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations in the inoculated RF tended to be lower than in the control RF after incubation. However, L. plalltarull1 MTDI resulted in the highest concentrations of VFA in the RF relative to other inoculants. The implication of this result is not as yet clear. In previous research by others, feeding silages which were inoculated with this strain consistently enhanced animal performance. These finding were recently published in Weinberg et.al.. (2003), J. of Applied Microbiology 94:1066-1071 and in Weinberg et al.. (2003), Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology (accepted). In addition, some strains in our studies have shown bacteriocins like activity. These included Pediococcus pentosaceus, Enterococcus faecium and Lactobacillus plantarum Mill 1. These results will enable us to continue the research with the LAB strains that survived best in the rumen fluid and have the highest potential to affect the rumen environment.
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Breitbarth, Marco, Anja Hentschel, and Simon Kaser. Kunststoffeinträge von Kunstrasenplätzen in Entwässerungssystem - Aufkommen, Rahmenbedingungen und Möglichkeiten der Eintragsminderung. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627994.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Plastics as an environmental problem have been in the focus of science, politics and the public for a long time. Various sources and pathways have already been identified and a wide range of measures have been developed to reduce and, if possible, avoid inputs into the environment. Artificial grass pitches represent a special source of plastic inputs into the environment. Artificial grass with different infill materials has been widely used for some time now on surfaces for a wide range of sports, both amateur and professional. It is characterised by various advantages over natural grass. However, the use of artificial grass on sports surfaces also has its downsides, especially for the environment. On the one hand, the synthetic grass fibres themselves, which become detached through wear, are problematic. On the other hand, synthetic granulate is used as infill material on these pitches to reduce the risk of injury to players, to support the blades of artificial grass and to improve the playing characteristics of the field. However, this granulate can enter the environment in various ways - indirectly via drainage systems or directly. The following comments reflect research results from the InRePlast project. In the following chapter 2, the results of our own investigations on the topic are presented. In Chapter 3, these are compared to other publications and evaluated with regard to their significance. Chapter 4 is devoted to technical and organisational measures to reduce discharges as well as legal approaches to regulation. Finally, Chapter 5 draws a conclusion. Among other things, the study concludes that artificial grass pitches are less relevant as a specific source of plastic inputs than previously discussed. It should also be noted that the input into drainage systems via the collection of dirty water has a significantly higher relevance than the input via the collection of precipitation at the edge of the pitch and that measures should therefore focus on the carry-over on players' clothing and shoes.
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Ghanim, Murad, Joe Cicero, Judith K. Brown, and Henryk Czosnek. Dissection of Whitefly-geminivirus Interactions at the Transcriptomic, Proteomic and Cellular Levels. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7592654.bard.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Our project focuses on gene expression and proteomics of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) species complex in relation to the internal anatomy and localization of expressed genes and virions in the whitefly vector, which poses a major constraint to vegetable and fiber production in Israel and the USA. While many biological parameters are known for begomovirus transmission, nothing is known about vector proteins involved in the specific interactions between begomoviruses and their whitefly vectors. Identifying such proteins is expected to lead to the design of novel control methods that interfere with whitefly-mediated begomovirus transmission. The project objectives were to: 1) Perform gene expression analyses using microarrays to study the response of whiteflies (B, Q and A biotypes) to the acquisition of begomoviruses (Tomato yellow leaf curl (TYLCV) and Squash leaf curl (SLCV). 2) Construct a whitefly proteome from whole whiteflies and dissected organs after begomovirus acquisition. 3) Validate gene expression by q-RTPCR and sub-cellular localization of candidate ESTs identified in microarray and proteomic analyses. 4) Verify functionality of candidate ESTs using an RNAi approach, and to link these datasets to overall functional whitefly anatomical studies. During the first and second years biological experiments with TYLCV and SLCV acquisition and transmission were completed to verify the suitable parameters for sample collection for microarray experiments. The parameters were generally found to be similar to previously published results by our groups and others. Samples from whole whiteflies and midguts of the B, A and Q biotypes that acquired TYLCV and SLCV were collected in both the US and Israel and hybridized to B. tabaci microarray. The data we analyzed, candidate genes that respond to both viruses in the three tested biotypes were identified and their expression that included quantitative real-time PCR and co-localization was verified for HSP70 by the Israeli group. In addition, experiments were undertaken to employ in situ hybridization to localize several candidate genes (in progress) using an oligonucleotide probe to the primary endosymbiont as a positive control. A proteome and corresponding transcriptome to enable more effective protein identification of adult whiteflies was constructed by the US group. Further validation of the transmission route of begomoviruses, mainly SLCV and the involvement of the digestive and salivary systems was investigated (Cicero and Brown). Due to time and budget constraints the RNAi-mediated silencing objective to verify gene function was not accomplished as anticipated. HSP70, a strong candidate protein that showed over-expression after TYLCV and SLCV acquisition and retention by B. tabaci, and co-localization with TYLCV in the midgut, was further studies. Besides this protein, our joint research resulted in the identification of many intriguing candidate genes and proteins that will be followed up by additional experiments during our future research. To identify these proteins it was necessary to increase the number and breadth of whitefly ESTs substantially and so whitefly cDNAs from various libraries made during the project were sequenced (Sanger, 454). As a result, the proteome annotation (ID) was far more successful than in the initial attempt to identify proteins using Uniprot or translated insect ESTs from public databases. The extent of homology shared by insects in different orders was surprisingly low, underscoring the imperative need for genome and transcriptome sequencing of homopteran insects. Having increased the number of EST from the original usable 5500 generated several years ago to >600,000 (this project+NCBI data mining), we have identified about one fifth of the whitefly proteome using these new resources. Also we have created a database that links all identified whitefly proteins to the PAVEdb-ESTs in the database, resulting in a useful dataset to which additional ESTS will be added. We are optimistic about the prospect of linking the proteome ID results to the transcriptome database to enable our own and other labs the opportunity to functionally annotate not only genes and proteins involved in our area of interest (whitefly mediated transmission) but for the plethora of other functionalities that will emerge from mining and functionally annotating other key genes and gene families in whitefly metabolism, development, among others. This joint grant has resulted in the identification of numerous candidate proteins involved in begomovirus transmission by B. tabaci. A next major step will be to capitalize on validated genes/proteins to develop approaches to interfere with the virus transmission.