Готові списки джерел за темами / Species importance

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Species importance"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 6 вересня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Species importance"

Zhao-hua, Lu, Ma Ling, and Gou Qing-xi. "Concepts of keystone species and species importance in ecology." Journal of Forestry Research 12, no. 4 (December 2001): 250–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02856717.

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Gomez De Silva Garza, Hector. "The Conservation Importance of Semiendemic Species." Conservation Biology 10, no. 2 (April 1996): 674–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1996.10020674.x.

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Gbile, Z. O., and S. K. Adesina. "Nigerian Solanum Species of Economic Importance." Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 75, no. 3 (1988): 862. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2399374.

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Gascon, Claude, Thomas M. Brooks, Topiltzin Contreras-MacBeath, Nicolas Heard, William Konstant, John Lamoreux, Frederic Launay, et al. "The Importance and Benefits of Species." Current Biology 25, no. 10 (May 2015): R431—R438. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2015.03.041.

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Tremlová, Kateřina, and Zuzana Münzbergová. "IMPORTANCE OF SPECIES TRAITS FOR SPECIES DISTRIBUTION IN FRAGMENTED LANDSCAPES." Ecology 88, no. 4 (April 2007): 965–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/06-0924.

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Boulinier, Thierry, James D. Nichols, John R. Sauer, James E. Hines, and K. H. Pollock. "ESTIMATING SPECIES RICHNESS: THE IMPORTANCE OF HETEROGENEITY IN SPECIES DETECTABILITY." Ecology 79, no. 3 (April 1998): 1018–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[1018:esrtio]2.0.co;2.

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Srinivasan, Umesh, Rashid Hasnain Raza, and Suhel Quader. "The nuclear question: rethinking species importance in multi-species animal groups." Journal of Animal Ecology 79, no. 5 (May 24, 2010): 948–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2010.01707.x.

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Vazačová, Kristýna, and Zuzana Münzbergová. "The Importance of Species Traits for Species Distribution on Oceanic Islands." PLoS ONE 9, no. 7 (July 8, 2014): e101046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0101046.

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ÖNDER, Alev, Ahsen Sevde ÇINAR, and Zekiye Nihan ERTEM. "The Importance and Usages of Wasabia Species." Journal of Literature Pharmacy Sciences 8, no. 1 (2019): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5336/pharmsci.2018-62339.

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Leinster, Tom, and Christina A. Cobbold. "Measuring diversity: the importance of species similarity." Ecology 93, no. 3 (March 2012): 477–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/10-2402.1.

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Дисертації з теми "Species importance"

Bell, Claire L. "The measurement of radical species of atmospheric importance." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:14933fc6-5272-45b0-a281-6da35c6e42e8.

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The measurement of radical species in the atmosphere has far reaching implications. For example, it is necessary to both understand and improve our knowledge of radicals in the atmosphere to better inform the models which in many cases are the best way of predicting future air quality and climate change. Although many of these models are often not fully representative of all the processes occurring, they are the current best estimate based on the knowledge available, and can be useful in informing and directing future policy. The numerous, varied and interlinked cycles in the atmosphere are complex and only by obtaining data on specific species can accurate concentrations be retrieved and fed back into the models to improve their accuracy. This work is concerned with the development and application of an ultrasensitive absorption spectroscopy technique to the problem of detection of the peroxy radical, HO₂. Noise Immune Cavity Enhanced Optical Heterodyne Molecular Spectroscopy (NICE-OHMS) combines cavity enhancement techniques (in order to increase the path length) with frequency and wavelength modulation techniques (in order to reduce the noise). Following a discussion of the current detection methods used by atmospheric scientists to accurately measure and quantitative concentrations, some preliminary work on the detection of ammonia by a simple cavity enhanced absorption setup is presented. Pressure broadening and shift results were obtained for a number of ammonia transitions in the near infrared region, broadened by He, Ne, Ar, Xe, O₂ and N₂. The bulk of the work concentrates on the implementation of the NICE-OHMS technique, presenting the first results with the use of an external cavity diode laser and a ring shaped cavity. A sensitivity of 4 x 10⁻¹¹ cm⁻¹ Hz⁻^1/2 is obtained on an individual rovibrational transition of methane at 6610.063 cm⁻¹, along with a selection of other data from the atmospherically important molecules methane, nitrogen dioxide and carbon dioxide, highlighting the broad wavelength range over which the instrument can operate. Finally, the NICE-OHMS technique is used to probe HO₂ radicals formed through the photolysis of a Cl₂/CH₃OH/O₂ mixture. Following the creation and detection of HO₂ radicals in the cavity, and based on the optimum sensitivity outlined above, a minimum concentration of 1 x 10⁹ molecules cm⁻³ has been demonstrated.

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Heard, Anne C. "Gas-phase reactions of halogen species of atmospheric importance." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293474.

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Hiley, Jonathan Richard. "The importance of protected areas for species undergoing distribution changes." Thesis, University of York, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/18782/.

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The value of Protected Areas for wildlife will diminish if the species for which they were originally designated are pushed out of their boundaries by changing temperatures, or if they are infiltrated by invasive species that are harmful to native species. Here, I assess the performance of Protected Areas against this background of distributional change. I found that Protected Areas have facilitated the range expansions of the six wetland bird species that have recently colonised the UK, both as sites at which breeding first occurs and as locations where substantial populations can establish before spreading to unprotected land. In contrast, non-native species did not initially ‘invade’ Protected Areas, but subsequently colonised them as their populations grew. I complemented this analysis with a field research project in a Mexican Biosphere Reserve. Here, Strictly Protected Areas were resistant to non-native species (as in the UK), and important for species undergoing global population declines. However, partially-protected locations with habitat modification provided opportunities for both non-natives and native generalists. Consequently, modified areas were characterised by higher local-alpha diversity than relatively natural areas, although they contained relatively similar suites of species across different biogeographical zones. Thus, evaluating the impact of Protected Areas depended on the metric of biodiversity change considered, and on the level of protection. Similar patterns were revealed on a global scale (considering 118 countries). Range expansions (colonisations and introductions) have outpaced countrywide extirpations over the last two centuries, resulting in a c.4% average net increase in national breeding bird avifaunas, even though gamma- and beta-diversity have decreased. Protected Areas may have promoted ‘beneficial’ change in this context; there were more colonisations and fewer extirpations in countries with more protected land. Protected Areas will remain crucial as a part of future conservation strategies to protect biodiversity in an era of increasing distributional dynamism.

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Wagner, Kirtsen. "Laboratory studies of halogen-containing and organic species of atmospheric importance." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f6009882-ad3e-4627-848d-1042c7d5e72a.

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This thesis describes laboratory studies of the kinetics of some reactions of atmospheric significance. The species of interest were Cl atoms, IO radicals and several organic compounds. In particular, the chemistry of acetone and the acetonylperoxy radical was investigated. These species are of importance in the troposphere and the stratosphere, where they may influence the concentrations of HO_x, NO_x and O₃. The experiments were performed using low-pressure discharge-flow tubes coupled to a variety of detection techniques, including conventional methods such as resonance fluorescence (RF) and electron-impact mass spectrometry (EEVIS). However, much of the thesis is concerned with the development of techniques that offer a greater sensitivity and selectivity, namely, laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and chemical-ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS). The reactions of Cl atoms with acetone and butanone were monitored with Cl RF. The study of the former reaction was extended in order to obtain information about the chemistry of the acetonylperoxy radical. IO was observed with LIF. This work involved the first reported coupling of IO LIF to a discharge-flow tube. The system was shown to be a suitable method by which to study reactions of IO. The results of these investigations demonstrate that reaction with Cl and IO may be an important sink for several organic compounds in the marine boundary layer. The design, construction and commissioning of the EIMS system is described. The apparatus was used in an attempt to follow the self-reaction of the acetonylperoxy radical by monitoring the products. The complications that arose during the study illustrated the need for a more versatile form of MS. It was decided to convert the instrument to a CMS system that would allow direct observation of the peroxy radical. The construction of two ion sources, one employing a cartridge of polonium-210 and the other a simple discharge, as well as an electrostatic ion guide, is described. The discharge source was shown to be better suited to the low-pressure conditions.

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Sanon, Hadja Oumou. "The importance of some Sahelian browse species as feed for goats /." Uppsala : Dept. of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/200784.pdf.

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D'Souza, Richard Joseph. "The importance of reactive oxygen species in determining mesangial cell growth." Thesis, St George's, University of London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283240.

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Forgus, Juan-Jacques. "Functional importance of snakes in a strandveld ecosystem." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6449.

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Magister Scientiae (Biodiversity and Conservation Biology) - MSc (Biodiv & Cons Biol)
Gaps in our knowledge of the functional roles of snakes within ecosystems limit our ability to predict the potentially cascading effects their removal from an ecosystem might create. Extirpation of snake species could potentially result in losses of ecosystem functionality if those taxa are ecologically unique. I used pitfall and funnel trap arrays, artificial cover object surveys, active searching, and passive camera trapping, as well as pre-existing faunal diversity data to identify terrestrial tetrapod species within the Koeberg Private Nature Reserve. This resulted in a list of 265 species, of which 13 were snakes. I then gathered data on dietary and four additional functional traits for each species from the literature. Next, using hierarchical and partitioning around medoids clustering, I identified ten broad dietary guilds and 54 functional guilds within the terrestrial tetrapod community. Of the dietary guilds Dasypeltis scabra was the only snake species that formed a unique single species guild and was one of four snake species (Pseudaspis cana, Homoroselaps lacteus and Lamprophis guttatus) to form four unique single species functional guilds. The remaining snakes clustered together within groups of other vertebrate predators. Functional diversity analysis was then used to simulate losing eight major taxonomic groups (birds, passerines, non-passerines, mammals, reptiles, snakes, non-snake reptiles and amphibians) and gauge the effects of those losses on overall community dietary and functional diversity. Functional diversity analysis revealed that the loss of certain snake species resulted in disproportionate losses of overall community dietary and functional diversity while losing others had negligible effects. These findings provide ambivalent support for the dietary and functional uniqueness of snakes suggesting that certain snake species are fulfilling unique functional roles within the ecosystem. Additionally, it is likely that losing those non-redundant species would result in significant losses of ecosystem functionality.

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Flugge, Mark. "Laboratory studies of reactions of nitrate radicals with species of atmospheric importance." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413082.

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Green, Timothy J. "A study of chlorine oxide species of potential importance in the stratosphere." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390458.

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Jackson, Emma Louise. "Importance of seagrass beds as a habitat for fishery species around Jersey." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/521.

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Книги з теми "Species importance"

1951-, Kareiva Peter M., Levin Simon A, and Paine Robert T. 1933-, eds. The importance of species: Perspectives on expendability and triage. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 2003.

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Arora, G. S. Studies on some Indian Pyralid species of economic importance. Calcutta: Zoological Survey of India, 2000.

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Peter, Feigley H., Brown Michelle, Martinez Sam, Schletz Kate, Montana Natural Heritage Program, and Geological Survey (U.S.). Biological Resources Division., eds. Assessment of mines for importance to bat species of concern, southwestern Montana. Helena, Mont: Montana Natural Heritage Program, 1997.

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Colyn, Marc. L' importance zoogéographique du bassin du fleuve Zaïre pour la spéciation: Le cas des primates simiens. Tervuren, Belgique: Musée royal de l'Afrique centrale, 1991.

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Microscopic venation patterns of leaves and their importance in the distinction of (tropical) species. Berlin: Gebrüder Borntraeger, 1996.

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Rachmatika, Ike. A First look at the fish species of the middle Mndanau: Taxonomy, ecology, vulnerability and importance. Bogor: Center for International Forestry Research, 2005.

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Osmundson, Douglas B. Importance of the '15-mile reach' to Colorado River populations of endangered Colorado pikeminnow and razorback sucker: Final report. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 2000.

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U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service., ed. Importance of the '15-mile reach' to Colorado River populations of endangered Colorado pikeminnow and razorback sucker: Final report. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 2000.

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Частини книг з теми "Species importance"

Holtmeier, Friedrich-Karl. "Keystone Species." In Animals' Influence on the Landscape and Ecological Importance, 295–331. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9294-3_4.

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Mehlhorn, Heinz. "Digenean Species of Minor Importance." In Encyclopedia of Parasitology, 708. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43978-4_4966.

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Mehlhorn, Heinz. "Digenean Species of Minor Importance." In Encyclopedia of Parasitology, 1–2. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27769-6_4966-1.

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Nadaf, Altafhusain, and Rahul Zanan. "Economical Importance of Indian Pandanus Species." In Indian Pandanaceae - an overview, 127–37. New Delhi: Springer India, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-0753-5_7.

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Wood, J. M., F. E. Brinckman, A. M. Chakrabarty, P. J. Craig, U. Förstner, B. A. Fowler, U. Herms, et al. "Chemical Species in Systems under Stress." In The Importance of Chemical “Speciation” in Environmental Processes, 425–41. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70441-3_21.

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Kimbel, William H., and Yoel Rak. "The Importance of Species Taxa in Paleoanthropology and an Argument for the Phylogenetic Concept of the Species Category." In Species, Species Concepts and Primate Evolution, 461–84. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3745-2_18.

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Rakow, G. "Species Origin and Economic Importance of Brassica." In Brassica, 3–11. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06164-0_1.

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Bottley, Andrew. "Epigenetic Variation Amongst Polyploidy Crop Species." In Epigenetics in Plants of Agronomic Importance: Fundamentals and Applications, 171–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14760-0_6.

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Bottley, Andrew. "Epigenetic Variation Amongst Polyploidy Crop Species." In Epigenetics in Plants of Agronomic Importance: Fundamentals and Applications, 33–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07971-4_3.

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Salomons, W., and P. Baccini. "Chemical Species and Metal Transport in Lakes." In The Importance of Chemical “Speciation” in Environmental Processes, 193–216. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70441-3_12.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Species importance"

Slave, Camelia, Diana Vască Zamfir, and Carmen Mihaela Man. "HISTORICAL IMPORTANCE AND DOCUMENTARY ATTESTATION OF THE SALVIA SPECIES." In 2nd International Scientific Conference. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/itema.2018.1058.

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Kaufman, Leyla V. "Aloha!! Importance of surveying invasive species for conservation purposes." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.94500.

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Cebotari, Cristina. "Importance of Exorista Larvarum (Linnaeus, 1758) (Diptera: Tachinidae) species in the biological regulation of Lepidoptera species." In Xth International Conference of Zoologists. Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53937/icz10.2021.29.

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Exorista larvarum is a dipteran polyphagous larval endoparasitoid particularly known as antagonist of Lepidoptera. Exorista larvarum is a good biocontrol candidate against forest lepidopterous defoliators. This parasitoid has positive features, among which, it can be efficiently reared in vivo and in vitro. In the laboratory, box tree moth larvae were accepted by E. larvarum females. A lower number of eggs were laid on C. perspectalis than on G. mellonella, but the difference between the two moth species was not significant, although a quite long 3 hours exposure time was necessary for oviposition. We can speculate that, although not the preferred host, C. perspectalis may be accepted by E. larvarum also in nature. The overall results suggest that the mortality of C. perspectalis and G. mellonella larvae due to the partial development of E. larvarum may be useful to regulate the populations of this invasive pest in a context of conservative biological control.

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Vogel, Sebastian, Jörg Müller, and Simon Thorn. "Fostering deadwood enrichment in managed forests – The importance of tree species and sun exposure for saproxylic species." In 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. Jyväskylä: Jyvaskyla University Open Science Centre, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/107639.

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Caverly, Lindsay, Cori Fratelli, Silvia Caceres, Jerry A. Nick, and David Nichols. "Importance Of Mycobacterium Abscessus Complex Species And Morphotypes On Host Response." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a4033.

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Palmer, Georgina. "Relative importance of climate, habitat, and species' traits on population dynamics." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.107379.

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Mujtaba, Dena F., and Nihar R. Mahapatra. "A Study of Feature Importance in Fish Species Prediction Neural Networks." In 2022 International Conference on Computational Science and Computational Intelligence (CSCI). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/csci58124.2022.00275.

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CERRO, CAMILO. "THE IMPORTANCE OF DESIGN IN HELPING HUMANITY BECOME A MULTI-PLANETARY SPECIES." In SUSTAINABLE CITY 2017. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/sc170221.

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Sitzia, Tommaso, Thomas Campagnaro, Michele Cattani, and Giovanni Trentanovi. "A new European regulation on invasive alien species and its importance for forestry." In Secondo Congresso Internazionale di Selvicoltura = Second International Congress of Silviculture. Accademia Italiana di Scienze Forestali, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4129/2cis-ts-new.

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MANDA, PRASHANTI, CHRISTOPHER J. MUNGALL, JAMES P. BALHOFF, HILMAR LAPP, and TODD J. VISION. "INVESTIGATING THE IMPORTANCE OF ANATOMICAL HOMOLOGY FOR CROSS-SPECIES PHENOTYPE COMPARISONS USING SEMANTIC SIMILARITY." In Proceedings of the Pacific Symposium. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814749411_0013.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Species importance"

Thomas-Van Gundy, Melissa A., Pamela J. Edwards, and Thomas M. Schuler. Establishment of native species on a natural gas pipeline: the importance of seeding rate, aspect, and species selection. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nrs-rp-30.

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HELLMANN, J. J., and N. F. LOBO. Predicting the impacts of climate change on animal distributions: the importance of local adaptation and species' traits. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1043882.

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Close, David A. Ecological and Cultural Importance of a Species at Risk of Extinction, Pacific Lamprey, 1964-2002 Technical Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/818645.

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Soller, Moshe (Morris), Hans Cheng, and Lyman Crittenden. Mapping the Chicken Genome, Including Loci Affecting Traits of Economic Importance. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568779.bard.

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A total of 195 microsatellites were added to the chicken genome map. Mapping of fifty known genes revealed a high degree of conserved linkage order between human and chicken genomes. A new, statistically powerful mapping design, the full-sib intercross line (produced by mating two parents, and intercrossing their progeny over a number of generations), was developed for use in species with high reproductive capacity. The Jerusalem Resource Population (JRP), now at the F12 generation, was established to implement this design i chickens. The biometrical picutre in the JRP is similar to that generally found in chicken populations; inbreeding effects were not observed. The F2 and F3 generations of the JRP were genotyped with respect to twelve production traits, using a battery of 23 microsatellites markers. The number of significant effects was twice that expected on chance alone, validating the high statistical power of the JRP with respect to QTL differentiating the parental lines. Selective DNA pooling, based on estimation of marker allele frequencies in pooled DNA samples, has been proposed to reduce high genotyping costs of QTL mapping. A method to correct for overlapping shadow bands of dinucleotide microsatellite markers in pooled DNA samples was developed and validated. In a retrospective study using this procedure, previously mapped loci affecting Marek's disease were successfully identified.

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Muxo, Robert, Kevin Whelan, Raul Urgelles, Joaquin Alonso, Judd Patterson, and Andrea Atkinson. Biscayne National Park colonial nesting birds monitoring protocol—Version 1.1. National Park Service, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2290141.

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Breeding colonies of wading birds (orders Ciconiiformes, Pelecaniformes) and seabirds (orders Suliformes, Pelecaniformes) serve as important indicators of aquatic ecosystem health, as they respond to changes in food abundance and quality, contaminants, invasive species, and disturbance. The Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan, Restoration Coordination & Verification program (CERP-RECOVER) has identified wading-bird colonies as an important ecosystem restoration indicator. The National Park Service South Florida/Caribbean Inventory & Monitoring Network (SFCN) ranked colonial nesting birds eighth out of 44 vital signs of park natural resource conditions for ecological significance and feasibility. However, while large-scale monitoring efforts are occurring in the rest of the Greater Everglades Ecosystem, only minimal historic data collection and no extensive ongoing monitoring of wading bird and seabird nesting have occurred in Biscayne National Park. Consequently, due to their high importance as biological indicators and because they are a gap occurring in regional monitoring efforts, the network has initiated a monitoring program of colonial nesting birds in Biscayne National Park. This protocol provides the rationale, approach, and detailed Standard Operating Procedures for annual colonial bird monitoring within and close to Biscayne National Park and conforms to the Oakley et al. (2003) guidelines for National Park Service long-term monitoring protocols. The specific objectives of this monitoring program are to determine status and long-term trends in: Numbers and locations of active colonies of colonial nesting birds with a special focus on Double-crested Cormorants, Great Egrets, Great White Herons, Great Blue Herons, White Ibises, and Roseate Spoonbills. Annual peak active nest counts of colonial nesting birds in Biscayne National Park with a special focus on the species mentioned above. An annual nesting index (i.e., sum of monthly nest counts) with a special focus on the species mentioned above. Timing of peak nest counts for the focal species.

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Guilfoyle, Michael, Ruth Beck, Bill Williams, Shannon Reinheimer, Lyle Burgoon, Samuel Jackson, Sherwin Beck, Burton Suedel, and Richard Fischer. Birds of the Craney Island Dredged Material Management Area, Portsmouth, Virginia, 2008-2020. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45604.

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This report presents the results of a long-term trend analyses of seasonal bird community data from a monitoring effort conducted on the Craney Island Dredged Material Management Area (CIDMMA) from 2008 to 2020, Portsmouth, VA. The USACE Richmond District collaborated with the College of William and Mary and the Coastal Virginia Wildlife Observatory, Waterbird Team, to conduct year-round semimonthly area counts of the CIDMMA to examine species presence and population changes overtime. This effort provides information on the importance of the area to numerous bird species and bird species’ groups and provides an index to those species and group showing significant changes in populations during the monitoring period. We identified those species regionally identified as Highest, High, and Moderate Priority Species based on their status as rare, sensitive, or in need of conservation attention as identified by the Atlantic Coast Joint Venture (ACJV), Bird Conservation Region (BCR), New England/Mid-Atlantic Bird Conservation Area (BCR 30). Of 134 ranked priority species in the region, the CIDMMA supported 102 of 134 (76%) recognized in the BCR, including 16 of 19 (84%) of Highest priority ranked species, 47 of 60 (78.3%) of High priority species, and 39 of 55 (71%) of Moderate priority species for BCR 30. All bird count and species richness data collected were fitted to a negative binomial (mean abundance) or Poisson distribution (mean species richness) and a total of 271 species and over 1.5 million birds were detected during the monitoring period. Most all bird species and species groups showed stable or increasing trends during the monitoring period. These results indicate that the CIDMMA is an important site that supports numerous avian species of local and regional conservation concern throughout the year.

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Jung, Jacob, Stephanie Hertz, and Richard Fischer. Summary of Collaborative Wildlife Protection and Recovery Initiative (CWPRI) conservation workshop : Least Bell’s Vireo. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42102.

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This special report summarizes the regional workshop held 24–26 April 2018 at the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Ecological Services Office in Carlsbad, California on the importance of collaboration among federal, state, and nongovernmental agencies to facilitate the recovery of threatened and endangered species (TES). This workshop focused primarily on one species, the least Bell’s vireo (LBVI), and how to achieve full recovery and eventual delisting through agency partnerships. A major theme of the workshop was applying the Endangered Species Act (ESA) Section 7(a)(1) conservation planning process as a building block towards recovery of LBVI—as well as other threatened, endangered, and at-risk riparian species within the Southwest. The main objective of this workshop was to assemble an interagency and interdisciplinary group of wildlife biologists and managers to detail how the Section 7(a)(1) conservation planning approach, in consultation with the USFWS, can assist in the recovery of LBVI primarily on federal lands but also other public and private lands. Goals of this workshop were to (1) review Section 7(a)(1); (2) outline LBVI ecosystem processes, life history, threats, and conservation solutions; and (3) develop and organize agency commitments to collaborative conservation practices.

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Droby, Samir, Michael Wisniewski, Ron Porat, and Dumitru Macarisin. Role of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Tritrophic Interactions in Postharvest Biocontrol Systems. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7594390.bard.

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To elucidate the role of ROS in the tri-trophic interactions in postharvest biocontrol systems a detailed molecular and biochemical investigation was undertaken. The application of the yeast biocontrol agent Metschnikowia fructicola, microarray analysis was performed on grapefruit surface wounds using an Affymetrix Citrus GeneChip. the data indicated that 1007 putative unigenes showed significant expression changes following wounding and yeast application relative to wounded controls. The expression of the genes encoding Respiratory burst oxidase (Rbo), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK), G-proteins, chitinase (CHI), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS) and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL). In contrast, three genes, peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), were down-regulated in grapefruit peel tissue treated with yeast cells. The yeast antagonists, Metschnikowia fructicola (strain 277) and Candida oleophila (strain 182) generate relatively high levels of super oxide anion (O2−) following its interaction with wounded fruit surface. Using laser scanning confocal microscopy we observed that the application of M. fructicola and C. oleophila into citrus and apple fruit wounds correlated with an increase in H2O2 accumulation in host tissue. The present data, together with our earlier discovery of the importance of H₂O₂ production in the defense response of citrus flavedo to postharvest pathogens, indicate that the yeast-induced oxidative response in fruit exocarp may be associated with the ability of specific yeast species to serve as biocontrol agents for the management of postharvest diseases. Effect of ROS on yeast cells was also studied. Pretreatment of the yeast, Candida oleophila, with 5 mM H₂O₂ for 30 min (sublethal) increased yeast tolerance to subsequent lethal levels of oxidative stress (50 mM H₂O₂), high temperature (40 °C), and low pH (pH 4). Suppression subtractive hybridization analysis was used to identify genes expressed in yeast in response to sublethal oxidative stress. Transcript levels were confirmed using semi quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Seven antioxidant genes were up regulated. Pretreatment of the yeast antagonist Candida oleophila with glycine betaine (GB) increases oxidative stress tolerance in the microenvironment of apple wounds. ROS production is greater when yeast antagonists used as biocontrol agents are applied in the wounds. Compared to untreated control yeast cells, GB-treated cells recovered from the oxidative stress environment of apple wounds exhibited less accumulation of ROS and lower levels of oxidative damage to cellular proteins and lipids. Additionally, GB-treated yeast exhibited greater biocontrol activity against Penicillium expansum and Botrytis cinerea, and faster growth in wounds of apple fruits compared to untreated yeast. The expression of major antioxidant genes, including peroxisomal catalase, peroxiredoxin TSA1, and glutathione peroxidase was elevated in the yeast by GB treatment. A mild heat shock (HS) pretreatment (30 min at 40 1C) improved the tolerance of M. fructicola to subsequent high temperature (45 1C, 20–30 min) and oxidative stress (0.4 mol-¹) hydrogen peroxide, 20–60 min). HS-treated yeast cells showed less accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) than non-treated cells in response to both stresses. Additionally, HS-treated yeast exhibited significantly greater (P≥0.0001) biocontrol activity against Penicillium expansum and a significantly faster (Po0.0001) growth rate in wounds of apple fruits stored at 25 1C compared with the performance of untreated yeast cells. Transcription of a trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene (TPS1) was up regulated in response to HS and trehalose content also increased.

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Ford, Adam T., Marcel Huijser, and Anthony P. Clevenger. Long-term responses of an ecological community to highway mitigation measures. Nevada Department of Transportation, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15788/ndot2022.06.

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In road mitigation systems characterized by multiple wildlife crossing structures (CS) and multiple-focal species, these species-specific design criteria are important to meeting management goals. CS types and locations are fixed in place and cannot be manipulated experimentally; long term studies may offer the best chance to inform evidence-based designs for new CS projects in the future. Long-term data from Banff National Park are uniquely posed to answer these critical questions. More recently, highway mitigation along US93 in Montana provides an additional case study with which to understand the responses of large animals to different CS designs. The purpose of this study is to identify factors affecting movement of large mammals through CS using data sets from both mitigation projects. Year-round monitoring of CS use was used in an analytical framework to address questions regarding species-specific and community level use of CS; design and habitat factors that best explain species-specific variation; and whether importance of design parameters changes over time. Over the 17 years of the Banff study, and the six years of the Montana study, CS facilitated over 200,000 crossing events at 55 locations. There were significant changes in annual crossing events over time. Variables associated with CS passage rates were species specific, but aligned with a few clusters of preference. With the exception of coyotes, all large carnivore species preferred open span bridges or overpasses to other CS types. In Montana, fencing was positively associated with passage rates for black bears and cougars. We found that wider CS tend to be preferred by most species, irrespective of their location. We also found that wider CS tend to have shorter ‘adaptation’ curves than narrower ones for grizzly bears, coyotes, cougars, and moose. Depending on the heterogeneity of the landscape near the highway, more CS may not create more crossing opportunities if local habitat conditions do not favor animals’ access to the road. At the scale of ecological communities, the flows of mass and energy are likely enough to alter the distribution of ecological processes in the Banff and Montana ecosystems. Our results highlight the value of long-term monitoring for assessing the effectiveness of mitigation measures. Our work confirms the species-specific nature of measure CS performance, leading to our primary recommendation that a diversity of CS designs be considered an essential part of a well-designed mitigation system for the large mammals of western North America. Short-term monitoring efforts may fail to accurately portray the ecological benefits of mitigation for populations and ecological communities. Our results will help to inform design and aid in the establishment of robust, long-term performance measures.

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Thomas, Joseph M. Energy Transfer Processes of Important Atmospheric Species. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada183042.

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