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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Spatial response"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 12 жовтня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Spatial response"

Imadudina, Annisaa Hammidah, Widiyanto Hari Subagyo Widodo, and Agustina Nurul Hidayati. "Land Use Predictions To The Response Of Kediri Airport." Jurnal Spatial Wahana Komunikasi dan Informasi Geografi 22, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/spatial.221.1.

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Kediri Regency is a district with sufficient development with the existence of PSN for the construction of Kediri Airport. Kediri Airport was finally designated as PSN. This Rp 10 trillion airport is included in PSN in accordance with Presidential Regulation Number 56 of 2018. After Kediri Airport, Immediately Build the Kertosono-Tulungagung Toll Road. Land Acquisition for the Kediri Section is Completed in 2021. With this national strategic project, investment development in Kediri Regency will definitely increase. Based on the above, it is very necessary to predict future land use to be able to know the response of land use to the integrated airport and toll road project. The methods used in this research are remote sensing, GIS analysis, cellular automata analysis and descriptive analysis. Knowing the spatial response will be a very meaningful input for planners, especially in formulating plans to maximize the multiplier effect caused by the airport and toll roads on the surrounding space.

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Ansorge, Ulrich. "Spatial intention–response compatibility." Acta Psychologica 109, no. 3 (March 2002): 285–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0001-6918(01)00062-2.

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MÜSSELER, JOCHEN, GISA ASCHERSLEBEN, KATRIN ARNING, and ROBERT W. PROCTOR. "Reversed effects of spatial compatibility in natural scenes." American Journal of Psychology 122, no. 3 (October 1, 2009): 325–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27784406.

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Abstract Effects of spatial stimulus–response compatibility are often attributed to automatic position-based activation of the response elicited by a stimulus. Three experiments examined this assumption in natural scenes. In Experiments 1 and 2, participants performed simulated driving, and a person appeared periodically on either side of the road. Participants were to turn toward a person calling a taxi and away from a person carelessly entering the street. The spatially incompatible response was faster than the compatible response, but neutral stimuli showed a typical benefit for spatially compatible responses. Placing the people further in the visual periphery eliminated the advantage for the incompatible response and showed an advantage for the compatible response. In Experiment 3, participants made left–right joystick responses to a vicious dog or puppy in a walking scenario. Instructions were to avoid the vicious dog and approach the puppy or vice versa. Results again showed an advantage for the spatially incompatible response. Thus, the typically observed advantage of spatially compatible responses was reversed for dangerous situations in natural scenes.

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Yin, Ling Xiao, and Jing Ling Chen. "Spin Spatial Frequency Response of Atomic Magnetometer." Key Engineering Materials 787 (November 2018): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.787.81.

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We describe a method for measuring the spin spatial frequency response in a Cs vapor cell by using a digital micro-mirror device (DMD) to modulate the pumping light both spatially and temporally. An equivalent space-alternative magnetic field is created by this way. The pumping light through the Cs vapor cell is measured and analyzed in spatial frequency domain. We obtain the spatial frequency response of the Cs vapor cell from 1.4 cm-1to 364.9 cm-1. The theoretical results of the spatial frequency response according to Fick's second diffusion law agree with the experimental results. This method provides an alternate approach for spatial characterization and three-dimensional imaging of spins.

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Marini, Maddalena, Cristina Iani, Roberto Nicoletti, and Sandro Rubichi. "Between-Task Transfer of Learning From Spatial Compatibility to a Color Stroop Task." Experimental Psychology 58, no. 6 (January 1, 2011): 473–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000115.

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Responses to a relevant stimulus dimension are faster and more accurate when the stimulus and response spatially correspond compared to when they do not, even though stimulus position is irrelevant (Simon effect). It has been demonstrated that practicing with an incompatible spatial stimulus-response (S-R) mapping before performing a Simon task can eliminate this effect. In the present study we assessed whether a learned spatially incompatible S-R mapping can be transferred to a nonspatial conflict task, hence supporting the view that transfer effects are due to acquisition of a general “respond to the opposite stimulus value” rule. To this aim, we ran two experiments in which participants performed a spatial compatibility task with either a compatible or an incompatible mapping and then transferred, after a 5 min delay, to a color Stroop task. In Experiment 1, responses were executed by pressing one of two keys on the keyboard in both practice and transfer tasks. In Experiment 2, responses were manual in the practice task and vocal in the transfer task. The spatially incompatible practice significantly reduced the color Stroop effect only when responses were manual in both tasks. These results suggest that during practice participants develop a response-selection strategy of emitting the alternative spatial response.

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Mareschal, Isabelle, and Curtis L. Baker. "Temporal and Spatial Response to Second-Order Stimuli in Cat Area 18." Journal of Neurophysiology 80, no. 6 (December 1, 1998): 2811–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1998.80.6.2811.

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Mareschal, Isabelle and Curtis L. Baker, Jr. Temporal and spatial response to second-order stimuli in cat area 18. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 2811–2823, 1998. Approximately one-half of the neurons in cat area 18 respond to contrast envelope stimuli, consisting of a sinewave carrier whose contrast is modulated by a drifting sinewave envelope of lower spatial frequency. These stimuli should fail to elicit a response from a conventional linear neuron because they are designed to contain no spatial frequency components within the cell's luminance-defined frequency passband. We measured neurons' responses to envelope stimuli by varying both the drift rate and spatial frequency of the contrast modulation. These data were then compared with the same neurons' spatial and temporal properties obtained with luminance-defined sinewave gratings. Most neurons' responses to the envelope stimuli were spatially and temporally bandpass, with bandwidths comparable with those measured with luminance gratings. The temporal responses of these neurons (temporal frequency tuning and latency) were systematically slower when tested with envelope stimuli than with luminance gratings. The simplest kind of model that can accommodate these results is one having separate, parallel streams of bandpass processing for luminance and envelope stimuli.

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Wang, Yu-Xia, and Wan-Tong Li. "Spatial degeneracy vs functional response." Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems - Series B 21, no. 8 (September 2016): 2811–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/dcdsb.2016074.

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Robinson, L. F., T. D. Wager, L. Y. Atlas, and M. A. Lindquist. "Spatial Clustering of Response Curves." NeuroImage 47 (July 2009): S102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1053-8119(09)70885-7.

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McGough, Robert J. "Incorporating the effect of frequency-independent attenuation within the on-axis spatial impulse response of a circular piston." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 155, no. 3_Supplement (March 1, 2024): A27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0026669.

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The spatial impulse response is important for numerical simulations of diagnostic ultrasound. The spatial impulse response, which describes transient diffraction due to an impulsive input, yields closed form analytical expressions for various transducer geometries when the medium is lossless. These analytical expressions are advantageous for simulations that repeatedly evaluate these expressions at hundreds of thousands of points. However, spatial impulse responses evaluated for lossy materials typically require additional numerical calculations that substantially increase the computation time. Thus, analytical or rapidly converging numerical expressions for the lossy spatial impulse response are expected to greatly enhance present simulation methods. This motivates the derivation of on-axis spatial impulse responses for a circular piston that model frequency-independent attenuation. Closed-form analytical expressions for the on-axis spatial impulse response are introduced for two closely related frequency-independent attenuation models. The results show that, as the attenuation constant increases, the peak amplitudes of these lossy on-axis spatial impulse responses decrease. The lossy on-axis impulse response also decreases slightly as time increases beyond the initial arrival time, whereas the lossless on-axis spatial impulse response for a circular piston maintains a constant value after the initial arrival time.

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Müller, Sven, and Knut Haase. "Local revenue response to service quality: spatial effects in seasonal ticket revenue data." European Journal of Marketing 49, no. 9/10 (September 14, 2015): 1391–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-10-2013-0531.

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Purpose – This paper aims to consider spatial effects in the analysis of the relationship of revenue and service quality. When firms’ customers are located in spatially dispersed areas, it can be difficult to manage service quality on a geographically small scale because the relative importance of service quality might vary spatially. Moreover, standard approaches discussed so far in the marketing science literature usually neglect spatial effects, such as spatial dependencies (e.g. spatial autocorrelation) and spatial drift (spatial non-stationarity). Design/methodology/approach – The authors propose a comprehensive but intelligible approach based on spatial econometric methods that cover spatial dependencies and spatial drift simultaneously. In particular, they incorporate the spatial expansion method (spatial drift) into spatial econometric models (e.g. spatial lag model). Findings – Using real company data on seasonal ticket revenue (dependent variable) and service quality (independent variables) of a regional public transport service provider, the authors find that the elasticity for the length of the public transport network is between 0.2 and 0.5, whereas the elasticity for the headway is between −0.2 and 0.6, for example. The authors control for several socio-economic, socio-demographic and land-use variables. Practical implications – Based on the empirical findings, the authors show that addressing spatial effects of service data can improve management’s ability to implement programs aimed at enhancing seasonal ticket revenue. Therefore, they derive a spatial revenue response function that enables managers to identify small-scale areas that are most efficient in terms of increasing revenue by service improvement. Originality/value – The paper addresses the need to account for spatial effects in revenue response functions of public transport companies.

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Дисертації з теми "Spatial response"

Haider, Syed Kamran 1962. "Spatial storm characteristics and basin response." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291642.

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Spatial thunderstorm rainfall properties that are generally regarded as important in runoff production were studied over a range of basin scales within the USDA-ARS Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed. Various storm geometric measures were computed from a fine 100 x 100 m grid via interpolation. Multiquadric and kriging interpolation methods were compared yielding similar results. The multiquadric method was selected for further interpolation due to its ease of application. Regression techniques were then employed to relate storm measures to watershed runoff. The spatial portion of storm having comparatively higher intensities (>25 mm/hr) was found to be responsible for much of the runoff. The other important factors are storm area and duration. The study did not find evidence that the spatial storm location or antecedent watershed wetness influenced the runoff response in a consistent fashion. The antecedent channel wetness was found to have moderate influence for the largest of the three watersheds investigated.

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Niedfeldt, John Clyde. "RapidSCAT Slice Spatial Response Function Contour Parameterization." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2016. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6260.

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The spatial response function (SRF) of the backscatter measurements for a radar scatterometer is often used in reconstruction. It has been found that in many cases the SRF can be approximated as a binary function that is 1 inside the - 6 dB contour of the SRF and 0 outside. This improves the computation speed of reconstruction. Computing the SRF contour can still be a lengthy computation, which can be simplified by precomputing and tabulating key SRF contours. The tabular parameterization for many spinning scatterometers, i.e., QuikSCAT, is straight-forward. For RapidSCAT, this estimation is more involved than other radars due to the irregular orbit of its host platform, the International Space Station (ISS). This thesis presents a process for parameterizing the slice contours for RapidSCAT that are acceptable for reconstruction purposes. This thesis develops a new process for parameterizing slice contours. First, RapidSCAT SRFs are calculated using XfactorRS3, and -6 dB slice contours are found using matplotlib. Then, a suitable filter is found for reducing noise present in slice contours due to quantization error and interpolation inaccuracies. Afterwards, the polygon comparison algorithm is used to determine a set of approximation points. With the approximation points selected, the 3-rd order linear approximation is calculated using parameters available in the L1B data files for RapidSCAT. Finally, analysis of the parameterization is performed. Overall, I developed a process that parameterizes RapidSCAT slice contours with an average root mean square (RMS) error of roughly 1.5 km. This is acceptable for the application of the slice parameterization algorithm and significantly reduces computation compared to fully computing the SRF.

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Foster, Collin David. "Spatial parameter estimation using measured frequency response functions." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314556.

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Bury, Samuel Gary. "The Estimation of the RapidScat Spatial Response Function." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6797.

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RapidScat is a pencil-beam wind scatterometer which operated from September 2014 to August 2016. Mounted aboard the International Space Station (ISS), RapidScat experiences significant altitude and attitude variations over its dataset. These variations need to be properly accounted for to ensure accurate calibration and to produce high resolution scatterometer images. Both the antenna pose and the one-way antenna pattern need to be validated. The spatial response function (SRF) is the two-way antenna pattern for a scatterometer combined with the processing and filtering done in the radar system electronics, and is dominated by the two-way pattern. To verify the pointing of the RapidScat antenna, the RapidScat SRF is estimated using on-orbit data. A rank reduced least squares estimate is used, which was developed previously for the Oceansat-2 (OSCAT) scatterometer [1]. This algorithm uses a small, isolated island as a delta function to sample the SRF. The island used is Rarotonga Island of the Cook Islands. The previously developed algorithm is updated to estimate the SRF in terms of beam azimuth and elevation angle rather than in kilometers on the ground. The angle-based coordinate system promotes greater understanding of how the SRF responds to biases and errors in antenna geometry. The estimation process is simulated to verify its accuracy by calculating the SRF for several thousand measurements in the region of Rarotonga. The calculated SRFs are multiplied by a corresponding synthetically created surface and integrated to yield simulated backscatter measurements, with added white noise. The SRF estimation algorithm is then performed. The results of the simulation show that the SRF estimation process yields a close estimate of the original SRF. The antenna pointing is validated by introducing a fixed offset in azimuth angle into the simulation and observing that the SRF is correspondingly shifted in the azimuth-elevation grid. The SRF computed from real data shows that there is an azimuth rotation angle bias of about 0.263 degrees for the inner beam and about 0.244 degrees for the outer beam. Since the SRF is dominated by the two-way antenna pattern, it can be modeled as the product of two identical one-way antenna patterns which are slightly offset from each other due to antenna rotation during the transmit/receive cycle. A method is developed based on this model to derive the one-way antenna pattern from the estimated SRF. Using a Taylor series expansion the one-way antenna pattern is computed from the SRF. The derived pattern recovers the SRF with small error, but there is significant error in the inferred one-way pattern when compared to the pre-launch estimated RapidScat one-way antenna pattern.

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Kliegl, Reinhold, Martin Rolfs, Jochen Laubrock, and Ralf Engbert. "Microsaccadic Modulation of Response Times in Spatial Attention Tasks." Universität Potsdam, 2009. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5709/.

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Covert shifts of attention are usually reflected in RT differences between responses to valid and invalid cues in the Posner spatial attention task. Such inferences about covert shifts of attention do not control for microsaccades in the cue target interval. We analyzed the effects of microsaccade orientation on RTs in four conditions, crossing peripheral visual and auditory cues with peripheral visual and auditory discrimination targets. Reaction time was generally faster on trials without microsaccades in the cue-target interval. If microsaccades occurred, the target-location congruency of the last microsaccade in the cuetarget interval interacted in a complex way with cue validity. For valid visual cues, irrespective of whether the discrimination target was visual or auditory, target-congruent microsaccades delayed RT. For invalid cues, target-incongruent microsaccades facilitated RTs for visual target discrimination, but delayed RT for auditory target discrimination. No reliable effects on RT were associated with auditory cues or with the first microsaccade in the cue-target interval. We discuss theoretical implications on the relation about spatial attention and oculomotor processes.

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Herold, F. W., and J. A. Kaiser. "ELIMINATION OF SIDELOBE RESPONSE." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/607377.

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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 26-29, 1998 / Town & Country Resort Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, California
Conventional phased arrays nominally sum the signals received by the elements prior to detection. By multiplying rather than summing signals received from pairs of elements, i.e., interferometer pairs, a set of Spatial Frequencies (SFs) is obtained. Obtaining the SFs requires employment of a multiple local oscillator technique. When summed, these spatial frequencies produce a single lobed (voltage) radiation pattern which, when passed through a biased detector, removes all sidelobes from the response at a small loss of desired signal power.

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Harley, Eric. "Modeling Cancer Cell Response to Immunotherapy." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2004. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/hmc_theses/164.

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Significant work has been done modeling cancerous tumor growth and response to therapy under certain simplifying assumptions, specifically, the assumption of spatial homogeneity. We have chosen a spatially heterogenous model for cancer cell growth using a hybrid Lattice-Gas Cellular Automata method. Cell mitosis, apoptosis, and necrosis are explicitly modeled along with the diffusion of nutrients and a necrotic signal. The model implementation is verified qualitatively and is modified to execute on a parallel computer.

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Rittenhouse, Chadwick D. "Wildlife response to spatial and temporal changes in forest habitat." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5537.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on June 15, 2009) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

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Yao, Norikazu. "Auditory localisation : contributions of sound location and semantic spatial cues." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2007. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16504/1/Norikazu_Yao_Thesis.pdf.

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In open skill sports and other tasks, decision-making can be as important as physical performance. Whereas many studies have investigated visual perception there is little research on auditory perception as one aspect of decision making. Auditory localisation studies have almost exclusively focussed on underlying processes, such as interaural time difference and interaural level difference. It is not known, however, whether semantic spatial information contained in the sound is actually used, and whether it assists pure auditory localisation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect on auditory localisation of spatial semantic information. In Experiment One, this was explored by measuring whole body orientation to the words "Left", "Right", "Back", "Front" and "Yes", as well as a tone, each presented from left right, front and back locations. Experiment Two explored the effect of the four spatial semantic words presented either from their matching locations, or from a position rotated 20 degrees anticlockwise. In both experiments there were two conditions, with subjects required to face the position indicated by the sound location, or the meaning of the word. Movements of the head were recorded in three dimensions with a Polhemus Fastrak system, and were analysed with a custom program. Ten young adult volunteers participated in each experiment. Reaction time, movement time, initial rotation direction, rotation direction at peak velocity, and the accuracy of the final position were the dependent measures. The results confirmed previous reports of confusions between front and back locations, that is, errors about the interaural axis. Unlike previous studies, many more back-to-front than front-toback errors was made. The experiments provided some evidence for a spatial Stroop interference effect, that is, an effect on performance of conflicting information provided by the irrelevant dimension of the stimulus, but only for reaction time and initial movement direction, and only in the Word condition. The results are interpreted using a model of the processes needed to respond to the stimulus and produce an orienting movement. They suggest that there is an asymmetric interference effect in which auditory localisation can interfere with localisation based on semantic content of words, but not the reverse. In addition, final accuracy was unaffected by any interference, suggesting that these effects are restricted to the initial stages of response selection.

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Yao, Norikazu. "Auditory localisation : contributions of sound location and semantic spatial cues." Queensland University of Technology, 2007. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16504/.

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Книги з теми "Spatial response"

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Mesospheric response to impacting relativistic electrons: Final report. Palo Alto, CA: Space Sciences Laboratory, Lockheed-Martin Palo Alto Research Laboratories, 1996.

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1951-, Christensen Ronald, ed. Advanced linear modeling: Multivariate, time series, and spatial data; nonparametric regression and response surface maximization. 2nd ed. New York: Springer, 2001.

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Leuthold, Hartmut. Analysis of spatial stimulus response compatibility and the Simon effect by means of overt behavioral and electrophysiological measures: Covert response activation as a common basis? Konstanz: Hartung-Gorre, 1994.

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Ziskind, Avi. Neurons in Cat Primary Visual Cortex cluster by degree of tuning but not by absolute spatial phase or temporal response phase. [New York, N.Y.?]: [publisher not identified], 2013.

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NATO, Advanced Research Workshop on Spatial Planning as a. Strategy for Migration and Adaptation to Natural Hazards (2008 Santiago de Compostela Spain ). Building safer communities: Risk governance, spatial planning and responses to natural hazards. Amsterdam: IOS Press, 2009.

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Turok, Ivan. Urbanisation and development in South Africa: Economic imperatives, spatial distortions and strategic responses. London: Human Settlements Group, International Institute for Environment and Development, 2012.

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Waltermire, Scott W. Visualizing transient structural response by expanding spatially incomplete time history data. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1997.

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1952-, Huntley Brian, and NATO Advanced Research Workshop "Past and Future Rapid Environmental Changes: the Spatial and Evolutionary Responses of Terrestrial Biota" (1995 : Crieff, Scotland), eds. Past and future rapid environmental changes: The spatial and evolutionary responses of terrestrial biota. Berlin: Springer, 1997.

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Rossikhin, Yury A., and Marina V. Shitikova. Dynamic Response of Pre-Stressed Spatially Curved Thin-Walled Beams of Open Profile. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20969-7.

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Частини книг з теми "Spatial response"

Brus, Dick J. "Spatial response surface sampling." In Spatial Sampling with R, 357–74. Boca Raton: Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003258940-20.

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Stamp, Mark. "Spatial response surface sampling." In Introduction to Machine Learning with Applications in Information Security, 357–74. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003264873-20.

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Yoshida, Nozomu. "Equation of Motion: Spatial Modeling." In Seismic Ground Response Analysis, 215–40. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9460-2_10.

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Feng, Wenmeng. "China’s Response to Its Ageing Population." In Advances in Spatial Science, 95–130. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63197-4_5.

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Shiraishi, Katsutaka, Kiichiro Tomino, and Hiroshi Yahagi. "North Kyoto’s Response to Japan’s Shrinking Population." In Advances in Spatial Science, 131–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63197-4_6.

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Schöning, Johannes, Michael Rohs, Antonio Krüger, and Christoph Stasch. "Improving the Communication of Spatial Information in Crisis Response by Combining Paper Maps and Mobile Devices." In Mobile Response, 57–65. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00440-7_6.

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Jiang, Wen, Yaobin Meng, Yuan Zhang, Jiaxin Wu, and Xiang Li. "Response of Urban Park Visitor Behavior to Water Quality in Beijing." In Spatial Data and Intelligence, 231–49. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24521-3_17.

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Yan, Zimo, Yuxia Yuan, Xiao Yang, Xiaofang Wang, and Yanfang Xu. "Prints Clarity Evaluation Indexes Spatial Frequency Response." In Innovative Technologies for Printing and Packaging, 31–37. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9024-3_5.

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Hopmans, J. W., S. O. Eching, and W. W. Wallender. "Soil spatial variability considerations in salt emission and drainage reduction." In Crop Yield Response to Deficit Irrigation, 239–48. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4752-1_18.

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Dercon, Stefan, and Hui Zhang. "Response to Disasters in Poor Countries." In The Belt and Road: Industrial and Spatial Coordinated Development, 395–402. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2133-9_18.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Spatial response"

Yanovsky, Igor, Thomas S. Pagano, Evan M. Manning, Steven E. Broberg, and Brian M. Sutin. "Quantifying uncertainties in Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) spatial response functions." In Earth Observing Systems XXIX, edited by Xiaoxiong (Jack) Xiong, Xingfa Gu, and Jeffrey S. Czapla-Myers, 16. SPIE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.3029935.

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BITOU, Youichi, and Takumi MINENOTO. "Fast response PROM using GaAs single crystal." In Spatial Light Modulators. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/slmo.1997.stue.4.

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One of the major advantages of all-optical processing is in a high degree of parallelism. We need a spatial light modulator (SLM) with a large number of pixels, access time as short as possible and large dynamic range to be given the advantage. Today we can use two kinds of SLM, liquid crystal light valves (LCLV) and PROM devices using Bi12SiO20Single crystal(BSO-PROM).1) However these SLMs with a large dynamic range have relatively long access time because the sensitivities of materials used as photosensors in the devices are low. Photosensitivity of electro-optical crystal is one of the important factors for high speed operations in PROM devices, because low sensitive devices need light sources with a large power.

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Brodzeli, Z. M., I. N. Kompanets, A. V. Parfenov, A. F. Denisov, E. P. Pozhidaev, and V. G. Chigrinov. "Optical Response of Homeotropically Aligned Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal." In Spatial Light Modulators and Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/slma.1990.tuc4.

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Landreth, B., and G. Moddel. "Variable-Sensitivity Analog Response from an Optically-Addressable Spatial Light Modulator." In Spatial Light Modulators and Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/slma.1990.tub6.

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We demonstrate a variable-sensitivity analog response from an optically-addressed spatial light modulator. The device comprises a hydrogenated amorphous silicon photodiode and a surface-stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal light modulator. The write-light intensity required to obtain 50% readout intensity can be varied continuously from 15 µW/cm2 to 1.5 mW/cm2 by changing the frequency of the applied bias voltage from 100 Hz to 2 kHz.

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Fumeaux, C., Glenn D. Boreman, W. Herrmann, Hugo Rothuizen, and Fritz K. Kneubuehl. "Spatial response of infrared antennas." In Aerospace/Defense Sensing and Controls, edited by Eustace L. Dereniak and Robert E. Sampson. SPIE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.317585.

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Sayyah, K., U. Efron, C. S. Wu, and S. T. Wu. "Single Crystal Silicon Liquid Crystal Light Valve with one Millisecond Response Time." In Spatial Light Modulators and Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/slma.1990.wb4.

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There is a growing need for higher frame rate spatial light modulators (SLM) for optical data processing (ODP), adaptive optics (AO), and display applications. Liquid crystal light valves (LCLV) based on nematic materials are relatively slow in their response time and typically cannot be operated beyond video rates (30-60 Hz). While the recent introduction of SLMs based on ferroelectric liquid crystals has alleviated the response time problem considerably, these devices are inherently binary and also not easily amenable to phase modulation. Other potential spatial light modulators suffer either from the limitation of binary operation like the magnetooptic SLM, or from a limited resolution like the deformable mirror SLM. Thus, there is presently no satisfactory solution to the critical needs in the fields of optical data processing and adaptive optics for continuous phase modulation at high resolution and frame rates.

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Kennish, Jessica, and Rockefeller S. L. Young. "Pupillary response to spatial pattern versus local luminance changes." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1992.tuz15.

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Because spatial information is created by luminance variations across an image, it is not always clear whether neurons at different levels in the visual system are processing spatial information, luminance information, or both. The present paper suggests that, in humans, visual neurons at the pretectal level can convey purely spatial information. Our results show unequivocally that the pupil constricts in response to sinewave gratings formed by local luminance decrements. We infer that the pupil responded to spatial pattern, not to luminance, because the luminance decrement itself would have caused the pupil to dilate, not constrict. Additionally, we infer that both transient and sustained constriction components can be elicited by such pattern stimuli. Responses to spatial pattern and to luminance, however, may not be entirely independent of each other. The pupil response to spatial pattern plus luminance increment or decrement is smaller than the sum of the response to the pattern and the response to the luminance.

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Lindle, J. R., F. J. Bartoli, S. R. Flom, B. R. Ratna, and R. Shashidhar. "Field-Dependent Birefringence of an Electroclinic Liquid Crystal." In Spatial Light Modulators. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/slmo.1997.swb.3.

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The growing need for spatial light modulators with grey-scale capability and a fast response has stimulated interest in the development of new electroclinic liquid crystals with large tilt angles. The achievable contrast ratio in these devices is limited by the magnitude of the tilt angle as well as by a field-induced deformation of the smectic layers which degrades the extinction. Recently, it was shown that field-induced changes in the birefringence can also contribute significantly to the electrooptic response.1 In this paper, optical phase retardation measurements are performed to investigate the field dependence of the birefringence and the contrast ratio for a new electroclinic liquid crystal, designated a DSiKN65, which has recently been synthesized and which exhibits both a large electroclinic tilt angle (>22.5°) and a fast response (<100μs).1 The first observation of a large field-dependent optical biaxiality in this material is reported. The implications on these results on device performance will be discussed.

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Buchsbaum, Gershon. "Spatio-spectral signal coding in the visual system and the structure of natural images." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1985.wu7.

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Spatially organized center-surround spectrally opponent retinal receptive fields serve the purpose of simultaneously coding both spatial and spectral visual information. The spatial center-surround structure serves to reduce spatial signal redundancy1 and the spectral opponent response serves as a mechanism to reduce correlation between receptor outputs.2 The spatial and spectral responses were separately deduced from the hypothesis that the purpose of retinal signal coding is redundancy reduction and compression of spatial and spectral image information. However, the spatio-spectral response of retinal receptive fields cannot be written as a product of separate spatial and spectral responses. Such separation would result if spatial and spectral information were independent. This property of receptive fields is related to properties of natural images. While the actual color of an object could be considered independent of its spatial properties, variations in spatial details would be associated with variations in spectral details, because different spectral projections of an image are spatially correlated. It is argued that the spatio-spectral structure of receptive fields can be inferred from the hypothesis that their purpose is to simultaneously and efficiently code both spatial and spectral information in natural images.

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Heredia Conde, Miguel, Klaus Hartmann, and Otmar Loffeld. "Subpixel spatial response of PMD pixels." In 2014 IEEE International Conference on Imaging Systems and Techniques (IST). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ist.2014.6958492.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Spatial response"

Clark, G. Impulse Response Estimation for Spatial Resolution Enhancement in Ultrasonic NDE Imaging. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15014447.

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Clausen, Jay, Jason Dorvee, Anna Wagner, Susan Frankenstein, Blaine Morriss, Keran Claffey, Terrance Sobecki, et al. Spatial and temporal variance in the thermal response of buried objects. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/37799.

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Conder, Wilbur. Spatial variations in the intra-urban response to a noise source. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.1754.

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Emery, M., J. Gardner, R. Lehmberg, and S. Obenschain. Hydrodynamic target response to an induced spatial incoherence-smoothed laser beam. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5455777.

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Justusson, Brian, Jessica Medintz, Jian Yu, Constantine Fountzoulas, and Chian-Fong Yen. Spatial Mechanical Response and Strain Gradient Evolution of Friction Stir Welded Aluminum-2139. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada562397.

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Weisstein, Naomi. The Interaction of Sensory and Perceptual Variables: Spatial, Temporal and Orientation Response to Figure and Ground. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada192897.

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Clausen, Jay, Michael Musty, Anna Wagner, Susan Frankenstein, and Jason Dorvee. Modeling of a multi-month thermal IR study. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41060.

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Inconsistent and unacceptable probability of detection (PD) and false alarm rates (FAR) due to varying environmental conditions hamper buried object detection. A 4-month study evaluated the environmental parameters impacting standoff thermal infra-red(IR) detection of buried objects. Field observations were integrated into a model depicting the temporal and spatial thermal changes through a 1-week period utilizing a 15-minute time-step interval. The model illustrates the surface thermal observations obtained with a thermal IR camera contemporaneously with a 3-d presentation of subsurface soil temperatures obtained with 156 buried thermocouples. Precipitation events and subsequent soil moisture responses synchronized to the temperature data are also included in the model simulation. The simulation shows the temperature response of buried objects due to changes in incoming solar radiation, air/surface soil temperature changes, latent heat exchange between the objects and surrounding soil, and impacts due to precipitation/changes in soil moisture. Differences are noted between the thermal response of plastic and metal objects as well as depth of burial below the ground surface. Nearly identical environmental conditions on different days did not always elicit the same spatial thermal response.

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Robert, Gillian. PR-420-143719-R01 Commercial Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Technology Applications Program. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), August 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011508.

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The work described herein is to show the engineering requirements for long term, continuous monitoring of ground movement with satellite radar over a region with natural growth and large variations in ground water. The project provided monitoring of the British Petroleum America Inc. (BP) Olympic pipeline localized to an area of known ground movement in Washington State. This project was part of several projects (ROW-6G, ROW-6D, ROW-3J) that partnered with California Polytechnic University, San Luis Obispo (CalPoly SLO) and Electricore to prepare a white paper that was submitted in response to a solicitation issued by the Research and Innovative Technology Administration (RITA) for research ideas that focused on the Commercial Remote Sensing and Spatial Information (CRS and SI) technologies program for transportation infrastructure development and construction.

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Arias-Thode, Y. M., Ken Richter, Adriane Wotawa-Bergen, D. B. Chadwick, Jinjun Kan, and Kenneth Nealson. Development of Microbial Fuel Cell Prototypes for Examination of the Temporal and Spatial Response of Anodic Bacterial Communities in Marine Sediments. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada610308.

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Brodie, Katherine, Ian Conery, Nicholas Cohn, Nicholas Spore, and Margaret Palmsten. Spatial variability of coastal foredune evolution, part A : timescales of months to years. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41322.

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Coastal foredunes are topographically high features that can reduce vulnerability to storm-related flooding hazards. While the dominant aeolian, hydrodynamic, and ecological processes leading to dune growth and erosion are fairly well-understood, predictive capabilities of spatial variations in dune evolution on management and engineering timescales (days to years) remain relatively poor. In this work, monthly high-resolution terrestrial lidar scans were used to quantify topographic and vegetation changes over a 2.5 year period along a micro-tidal intermediate beach and dune. Three-dimensional topographic changes to the coastal landscape were used to investigate the relative importance of environmental, ecological, and morphological factors in controlling spatial and temporal variability in foredune growth patterns at two 50 m alongshore stretches of coast. Despite being separated by only 700 m in the alongshore, the two sites evolved differently over the study period. The northern dune retreated landward and lost volume, whereas the southern dune prograded and vertically accreted. The largest differences in dune response between the two sections of dunes occurred during the fall storm season, when each of the systems’ geomorphic and ecological properties modulated dune growth patterns. These findings highlight the complex eco-morphodynamic feedback controlling dune dynamics across a range of spatial scales.

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