Готові списки джерел за темами / Spanish Americans in Boston

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Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 26 липня 2024
Оновлено: 28 липня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Spanish Americans in Boston"

1

Smith, Krissy E., Tara L. Victor, Chelsea McElwee, and Daniel W. Lopez-Hernandez. "24 The Influence of Acculturation in Neuropsychological Test Performance of Hispanic-Americans." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 29, s1 (November 2023): 437–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617723005751.

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Objective:Stephenson (2000) suggested that acculturation is a phenomenon that immigrants and refugees ubiquitously experience. The level of acculturation is impacted by a person’s choice to allow how much of their cultural traits they decide to keep while adapting to the dominant society cultural traits. Depending on what immigrants find to be important or unimportant, it can influence future generations (i.e., their children) in how they will be developed and adapt into a dominant society. Hispanic-Americans are individuals that were born and reside in the United States and have a family background that extends to one of the Spanish speaking countries in Latin America or Spain. The typical language spoken by Hispanic families other than English is Spanish. It has been reported that Hispanics that are capable of speaking English may be afforded better and greater opportunities to resources. Research shows that a person level of acculturation can influence their cognition. In fact, in one study using a Mexican-American sample that was divided into two groups: high and low. Researchers found that highly acculturated Mexican-Americans outperformed lower acculturated Mexican-Americans on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. We evaluated the influence of acculturation in Hispanic-Americans neuropsychological test performance. It was predicted that highly acculturated Hispanic-Americans to American culture would demonstrate better cognitive abilities compared to lower acculturated Hispanic-Americans.Participants and Methods:The present study sample consisted of 75 neurologically and psychologically healthy Hispanic-American undergraduate students with a mean age of 19.44 (SD = 1.37). Participants were divided into two acculturation groups: high (n = 39) and low (n = 36). In addition, all the participants completed a comprehensive neuropsychological battery and background questionnaire in English. The Acculturation Rating Scale for Hispanic/Latino Americans is a 20-item scale that was utilized to create our acculturation groups. ANOVAs were used to evaluate cognitive differences between our acculturation groups.Results:Results revealed that the highly acculturated group outperformed the lower acculturated group on the Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition vocabulary task and the Boston Naming Test, p’s<.05, n.p’s2=.06. Furthermore, results revealed that the lower acculturated group outperformed the highly acculturated group on the Trail Making Test part A and B, and Comalli Stroop part A, p’s<.05, np’s2=.06-.07.Conclusions:As expected, the highly acculturated group demonstrated better language abilities compared to the lower acculturated group. However, in the opposite direction, the lower acculturated group outperformed the highly acculturated group on several speed attention tasks and one executive functioning task. A possible explanation why the highly acculturated participants demonstrated better language abilities may be attributed that their dominant language is English or they only spoke English. Meanwhile, the opposite could be said for lower acculturated participants that English was not their dominant language or they were bilingual speakers, for that reason they demonstrated better processing speed and executive functioning abilities. Research shows that monolinguals demonstrate better language abilities compared to bilinguals, but the opposite is found on processing speed and executive functioning tasks. Future research should investigate the relationship between bilingualism and acculturation in neuropsychological testing performance of Hispanic-Americans.
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2

Cooke, Adam. "“An Unpardonable Bit of Folly and Impertinence”: Charles Francis Adams Jr., American Anti-Imperialists, and the Philippines." New England Quarterly 83, no. 2 (June 2010): 313–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tneq.2010.83.2.313.

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A Boston Brahmin and “otherwise-minded” contrarian, Charles Francis Adams Jr., great-grandson of President John Adams, was one of many so-called “mugwumps” who protested the Spanish-American War. Clashing with the likes of Henry Cabot Lodge, Adams was alternately principled and practical, sensitive and racist, until his influence and the anti-imperialist movement waned at the turn of the twentieth century.
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Arlyck, Kevin. "Plaintiffs v. Privateers: Litigation and Foreign Affairs in the Federal Courts, 1816–1822." Law and History Review 30, no. 1 (February 2012): 245–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248011000666.

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On January 24, 1817, Don Juan Stoughton, the Spanish consul in Boston, wrote to his colleague in Baltimore, Don Pablo Chacon, to thank him for his recent efforts in supplying Stoughton with information about the Mangore, a private armed vessel recently arrived in the Chesapeake. Stoughton believed that the privateer was responsible for the capture of a Spanish-owned merchant ship that had recently turned up in Massachusetts. Stoughton had recently filed suit in federal district court to recover the vessel and its cargo on behalf of the rightful owners, but to do so he had to establish that, in the course of its recent expedition, the Mangore had violated federal law prescribing American neutrality. In addition to providing intelligence in this matter, Chacon had secured local counsel to represent Stoughton at depositions of privateer crew members being taken in Baltimore.
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4

Olabarrieta-Landa, L., D. Rivera, A. Morlett-Paredes, A. Jaimes-Bautista, M. T. Garza, J. Galarza-del-Angel, W. Rodríguez, et al. "Standard form of the Boston Naming Test: Normative data for the Latin American Spanish speaking adult population." NeuroRehabilitation 37, no. 4 (November 26, 2015): 501–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/nre-151278.

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5

Muñoz, Isabel C. D., Krissy E. Smith, Santiago I. Espinoza, Diana M. R. Maqueda, Adriana C. Cuello, Ana Paula Pena, Carolina Garza, et al. "22 Cordoba Naming Test Performance and Acculturation in a Geriatric Population." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 29, s1 (November 2023): 335–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617723004599.

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Objective:A commonly used confrontation naming task used in the United States is The Boston Naming Test (BNT). Performance differences has been found in Caucasian and ethnic minorities on the BNT. The Cordoba Naming Test (CNT) is a 30-item confrontation naming task developed in Argentina. Past research has shown acculturation levels can influence cognitive performance. Furthermore, one study evaluated geriatric gender differences on CNT performance in Spanish. Researchers reported that older male participants outperformed female participants on the CNT. To our knowledge, researchers have not evaluated ethnic differences on the CNT using a geriatric sample. The purpose of the present study was to examined CNT performance and acculturation in a Latinx and Caucasian geriatric sample. It was predicted the Caucasian group would outperform the Latinx group on the CNT. Moreover, the Caucasian group would report higher acculturation levels on the Abbreviated Multidimensional Acculturation Scale (AMAS) compared to the Latinx group.Participants and Methods:The sample consisted of 9 Latinx and 11 Caucasian participants with a mean age of 66.80 (SD =6.10), with an average of 14.30 (SD = 2.00) years of education. All participants were neurologically and psychologically healthy and completed the CNT and the AMAS in English. Acculturation was measured via the AMAS English subscales (i.e., English Language, United States. Identity, United States, Competency). A series of ANCOVAs, controlling for years of education completed and gender, was used to evaluate CNT performance and acculturation.Results:The ethnic groups were not well demographically matched (i.e., years of education and gender).We found that the Caucasian group outperformed the Latinx group on CNT performance p = .012, ηp 2 = .34. Furthermore, the Caucasian group reported higher acculturation levels (i.e., English Language, United States, Identity, United States, Competency) compared to the Latinx group p’s < .05, ηps2 = .42-.64.Conclusions:To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate CNT performance between ethnic groups with a geriatric sample. As expected the Caucasian group outperformed the Latinx group on the CNT. Also, as expected the Caucasian group reported higher English acculturation levels compared to the Latinx group. Our findings are consistent with past studies showing ethnic differences on confrontational naming performance (i.e., The Boston Naming Test), favoring Caucasians. A possible explanation for group differences could have been linguistic factors (e.g., speaking multiple languages) in our Latinx group. Therefore, since our Latinx group reported lower levels of English Language, United States identity, and United States competency the Latinx group assimilation towards United States culture might of influence their CNT performance. Future studies with different ethnic groups (e.g., African-Americans) and a larger sample size should examine if ethnic differences continue to cross-validate in a geriatric sample.
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6

Vila-Castelar, C., N. Muñoz, K. Papp, R. Amariglio, A. Baena, E. Guzmán-Vélez, Y. Bocanegra, et al. "A-05 The Latin American Spanish Version of the Face-Name Associative Memory Exam is Sensitive to Cognitive and Pathological Changes in Preclinical Autosomal Dominant Alzheimer’s Disease." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 35, no. 6 (August 28, 2020): 778. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaa067.05.

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Abstract Objective To determine whether performance on the Latin American Spanish version of the Face-Name Associative Memory Exam (LAS-FNAME) can differentiate between cognitively intact carriers of an autosomal dominant Alzheimer’s disease mutation (E280A) in Presenilin-1, who are destined to develop early-onset dementia, from matched non-carriers. We also sought to examine whether LAS-FNAME performance is associated with amyloid-β and regional tau burden in mutation carriers. Methods 35 cognitively intact mutation carriers (age range 26–41), 48 matched non-carriers (aged 27 to 44), and 19 symptomatic carriers (13 with subjective cognitive concerns, 6 with mild cognitive impairment [MCI]) completed the LAS-FNAME. A subset of participants (31 carriers [12 symptomatic] and 35 non-carriers) traveled from Colombia to Boston to undergo positron emission tomography (PET) using Pittsburgh compound B to measure mean cortical amyloid-β and Flortaucipir for regional tau tangles. ANOVA analyses and Spearman correlations were used to examine group differences and relationships among LAS-FNAME performance, Aβ and tau accumulation. Results Compared to non-carriers, cognitively intact carriers had lower scores on the LAS-FNAME total scores (p = .040). Across all carriers (including symptomatic carriers), higher levels of amyloid-β (r = −.436, p = .018) and regional tau in the entorhinal (r = −.394, p = .031) and inferior temporal cortex (r = −.563, p = .001) were associated with lower LAS-FNAME total scores (see Figure). Conclusions Performance on the LAS-FNAME differentiated between cognitively intact mutation carriers from non-carriers, and was associated with greater amyloid and tau burden when examining all carriers. Findings suggest that the LAS-FNAME is sensitive to early clinical and pathological changes and can potentially help track disease progression in Spanish-speaking individuals.
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Reisner, Sari L., Aeysha Chaudhry, Erin Cooney, Henri Garrison-Desany, Elisa Juarez-Chavez, and Andrea L. Wirtz. "‘It all dials back to safety’: A qualitative study of social and economic vulnerabilities among transgender women participating in HIV research in the USA." BMJ Open 10, no. 1 (January 2020): e029852. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029852.

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ObjectivesTransgender women (TW) are highly burdened by HIV infection in the USA. Research is needed into drivers of the HIV epidemic for TW, including longitudinal studies to identify risks for incident HIV infection and optimal intervention targets. This formative research sought to understand TW’s experiences with, perceptions of and barriers and facilitators to HIV research participation to inform future research implementation.DesignBetween August 2017 and January 2018, five online synchronous computer-mediated focus groups were conducted in English and two in Spanish. Recruitment used a mixed format of technology, such as geotargeted social media, and non-technology infused methods, such as peer referrals. Maximum variation sampling was used to enrol participants across a wide range of characteristics. Qualitative codes were iteratively developed and applied to focus group discussion transcripts by independent analysts.SettingParticipants were recruited from Atlanta, Baltimore, Boston, Miami, New York City and Washington D.C.ParticipantsParticipants identified as TW≥18 years and resided in one of the six metropolitan areas or outlying regions. 33 participants elected to partake in English focus groups and eight participated in Spanish-led groups.ResultsThe geographically diverse sample had a mean age of 41.1 years (SD=13.6), and 34% identified as Black African American and 29% as Hispanic/Latina. Social and economic factors were found to shape HIV research participation for TW. Barriers to HIV research participation included limited research opportunities, mistrust, fear of mistreatment, safety and confidentiality, competing priorities and HIV stigma. Facilitators to HIV research participation were peer involvement and engagement, monetary and non-monetary incentives, flexibility and choices, multiple modalities and methods, and transcenteredness.ConclusionIt is critical to address the social and economic vulnerabilities surrounding HIV research participation for TW. Results from this study can inform the design and implementation of gender-affirming and culturally tailored approaches to HIV research with TW.
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8

Campbell, W. Joseph. "From Liberation to Conquest: The Visual and Popular Cultures of the Spanish-American War of 1898 by Bonnie M. Miller. Amherst and Boston: University of Massachusetts Press, 2011, 342 Pp." American Journalism 29, no. 2 (April 2012): 129–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08821127.2012.10677829.

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9

Allegri, Ricardo F., Aurora Fernandez Villavicencio, Fernando E. Taragano, Sandra Rymberg, Carlos A. Mangone, and Denise Baumann. "Spanish boston naming test norms." Clinical Neuropsychologist 11, no. 4 (November 1997): 416–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13854049708400471.

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LOZANO, ROSINA. "Vote Aquí Hoy: The 1975 Extension of the Voting Rights Act and the Creation of Language Minorities." Journal of Policy History 35, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 68–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898030622000367.

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AbstractThe year 1975 marked a watershed year for Spanish-surnamed people in the United States and their relationship with the federal government. In that year Congress extended the Voting Rights Act to include a “language minority” category, requiring federal election officials to translate election materials under certain conditions. By validating language rights for language minorities, Congress expanded federal voting protections far beyond African Americans. Advocates for Spanish speakers took up the cause before Congress, which created a new federally protected category based on the long history of discrimination in education and society they collected in testimonies. These language protections catered largely to Spanish speakers, though the category also included Alaska Natives, Native Americans, and Asian Americans. The process of gaining a separate language minority status is explored in this article, which explains how Congress chose to create a law that included Spanish speakers by name.
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Дисертації з теми "Spanish Americans in Boston"

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Mount, Cameron D. "Therapists' Perceived Influence of Language: Second Language Spanish Speaking Therapists with Native Spanish-Speaking Clients." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1872.pdf.

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2

Marshall, Stephen John. "Spanish-speaking Latin Americans in Catalonia : constructions of Catalan." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10020495/.

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Catalan is an autochthonous minority language within the Spanish state that is undergoing a programme of linguistic normalisation which is widely regarded as a successful model. Today, its progress is being challenged by globalisation, mass migration, and the sociolinguistic agencies of new migrants, in particular Spanishspeaking Latin Americans, who are allochthonous speakers of marked varieties of the official language of the Spanish state. The micro-level focus of the study is on how Spanish-speaking Latin Americans are constructing Catalan: how Catalan is being incorporated into repertoire (in-group and inter-group), and how and why individuals are forming conflicting constructions of being addressed in Catalan. At the macro level, the focus is on how policies of linguistic normalisation of the Catalan language are responding to the challenges of globalisation, and to the sociolinguistic agencies of new migrants, especially Spanishspeakers. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 44 informants, and recordings made of the interactions of 11 of them. The focus of the data collection was on [i] Spanish-speaking Latin Americans' interactions involving Catalan, [ii] on the paths of migration and of identity formation along which individuals' epistemologies evolve, consolidate and transform, and [iii] on informants' opinions about language policies. The study is framed around 'structure and agency' (Giddens, 1984), and the data analysed according to a view of language as recursive social practice, which links the macro and the micro, seeing individuals' agencies as the outcomes of social structures and also as engendering change in these structures. Central to individuals' recursive language practice is knowledgeability and reflexivity (Giddens, 1984) as they interact in a heteroglossic Catalonia (Pujolar, 2001), and negotiate codeswitching norms of practice that are specific to Catalonia, in particular an 'accommodation norm' (Woolard, 1989) which involves Catalan speakers often switching to Castilian with interlocutors who do not look or sound Catalan.
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3

Buré-Reyes, Annelly. "Neuropsychological test performance of Spanish speakers : is performance similar across different Spanish speaking subgroups? /." Electronic version (PDF), 2006. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2006/burea/annellybure-reyes.html.

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4

Young, Max Joe. "An inquiry into the Latin and Spanish cultural presentations of Spanish first year textbooks." Click here to access dissertation, 2007. http://www.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/archive/fall2006/max_j_young/Young_Max_J_200701_edd.pdf.

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Thesis (Ed.D.)--Georgia Southern University, 2007.
"A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Georgia Southern University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Education." Under the direction of William M. Reynolds. ETD. Electronic version approved: May 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 197-201)
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5

Pankow, Fred J. "A Scriptural stance toward undocumented Hispanics and selected methodologies for reaching them with the gospel." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1986. http://www.tren.com.

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6

Dunlap, Carolyn Patricia. "The comprehension of patient education materials written in Spanish /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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7

Linton, April. "Spanish for Americans? : the politics of bilingualism in the United States /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8857.

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Smith, Daniel James. "Patterns of variation in Spanish/English bilingualism in Northeast Georgia /." Thesis, Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3088571.

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Stoffle, Richard, Vlack Kathleen Van, Rebecca Toupal, Sean O'Meara, Jessica Medwied-Savage, Henry Dobyns, and Richard Arnold. "American Indians and the Old Spanish Trail." Bureau of Applied Research in Anthropology, University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/270965.

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The overall objective of the American Indian study is the preparation of a written report focusing on the ethnohistory and contemporary perspectives of selected communities affected by the Old Spanish Trail (OST). The project can be divided into two separate but related parts: (1) a brief history of each community under study and its historic relationship to OST, and (2) a description of contemporary community views of the trail. Of special interest will be any contemporary knowledge related to the role played by the trail (and/or events related to the trail’s history and use) that affected the history and perspective of each community. Also of interest will be any places or resources along the trail that have significant cultural meaning to the subject communities. These are often referred to as “ethnographic resources.” This report describes American Indian responses to various activities along the OST during its pack-train period, which was roughly from 1829 to 1849. The Indian responses are diachronic beginning with the first contacts by Indian people residing on and using traditional Indian trails which were to be used for pack-trains to and from California and culminating decades later when the full impacts of pack-train use had been absorbed and responded to by these proximal Indian peoples. While there were contacts between Indian people and Euro-Americans before 1829, commercial traffic along the OST initiated unprecedented and sustained American Indian natural resource and social impacts. This report describes the places involved and responses received from American Indian tribal representatives during the field visits conducted from June 2006 to June 2007. This report helps both the American Indian tribes and the involved Federal agencies to better understand what kinds of responses have been recorded and what kinds of places have elicited these responses. The following tribes participated in this study: Chemehuevi Indian Tribe, Colorado River Indian Tribe, Las Vegas Paiute Tribe, Moapa Band of Paiute Indians, Pahrump Paiute Tribe, Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah, and Southern Indian tribe.
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Rudolph, Mytzi Maryanne. "Spanish for Health Care Professionals: Language and Culture." PDXScholar, 1996. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5294.

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The purpose of this investigation is to examine formal and informal resources available for teaching Spanish to health care professionals mainly in the Portland, Oregon area. Seventeen different Spanish-for-health-care-professionals texts are commented on by the author, some of which are the texts used in medical Spanish language classes. The majority of the texts contain little if any instruction on cultural aspects which affect the Latino patient population's health care behaviors and decision making. With the recent growth in the Latino population there is a greater demand for health care services by Spanish-speaking persons of the Latino community. The author discusses at length current information about the health status of this population, factors affecting access to health care, and language barrier. There is a lack of bicultural and bilingual health care professionals to provide needed health care services to Latinos. One factor is that the percentage of Latino medical and allied health providers is a small fraction of the percentage of Spanish-speaking patients in the U.S. Therefore, Spanish language instruction must be provided to medical personnel who do not have the cultural and language background to provide culturally relevant and efficient health care to Latinos. This language training must incorporate instruction on cultural issues that affect Latino patients' health care. At present very few Spanish-forhealth- care-providers texts and courses have this type of focus. Exemplary clinical programs specializing in the medical treatment of the Latino population, both inside and outside of the Portland Oregon area, are noted to highlight that effective and culturally relevant medical treatment is possible with adequate training of personnel. Outstanding courses integrating the instruction of both the Spanish language and culture are discussed. Often these courses are not offered as permanent parts of the curriculum. The author gives examples of some of the cultural issues that need to be addressed in language instruction, and makes suggestions for adapting this focus into Medical Spanish instruction.
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Книги з теми "Spanish Americans in Boston"

1

Beier, Anne. Crispus Attucks: Hero of the Boston Massacre = héroe de la Masacre de Boston. New York: Rosen Pub. Group, 2004.

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2

Beier, Anne. Crispus Attucks: Hero of the Boston Massacre (Famous People in American History). dfssgd: Rosen Publishing Group, 2003.

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Nikolaevich, Guboglo Mikhail, ed. Russkiĭ Boston =: Russian Boston. Moskva: Institut ėtnologii i antropologii RAN, 2002.

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4

Franchino, Vicky. Spanish Americans. Chanhassen, Minn: Child's World, 2004.

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5

Quinlin, Michael P. Irish Boston. Guilford, Conn: Globe Pequot Press, 2004.

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6

Quinlin Campbell Publishers (Boston, Mass.), ed. Guide to the Boston Irish. Boston, MA: Quinlin Campbell Publishers, 1985.

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7

Rodman, I͡Uni͡a. Moskva-Boston. Moskva: KRUK, 2002.

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8

Sweeney, Emily. Boston organized crime. Charleston, S.C: Arcadia Pub., 2012.

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9

Martes, Ana Cristina Braga. Empresários brasileiros em Boston. [São Paulo, Brazil]: Escola de Administração de Empresas de São Paulo, Fundação Getulio Vargas, Núcleo de Pesquisas e Publicações, 2001.

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10

Wretlind, Eric. A Swedish city directory of Boston, 1881. [Winter Park, Fla: Swedish American Genealogist], 1986.

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Частини книг з теми "Spanish Americans in Boston"

1

Townsend, Kenneth W. "Spanish Borderlands, 1527–1758." In First Americans: A History of Native Peoples, 70–103. 3rd ed. New York: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003331582-3.

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2

Chappell, Whitney. "Mexicans' and Mexican-Americans' perceptions of themselves and each other." In Topics in Spanish Linguistic Perceptions, 138–60. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003054979-10.

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Nieto-Galan, Agustí. "Reform and Repression: Manuel Lora-Tamayo and the Spanish University in the 1960s." In Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science, 159–74. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9636-1_10.

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4

Marshall, Steve. "Spanish-Speaking Latin Americans in Catalonia: Reflexivity and Knowledgeability in Constructions of Catalan." In Globalization and Language in the Spanish-Speaking World, 158–77. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230245969_9.

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Cuesta, Álvaro, David F. Barrero, and María D. R-Moreno. "A Descriptive Analysis of Twitter Activity in Spanish around Boston Terror Attacks." In Computational Collective Intelligence. Technologies and Applications, 631–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40495-5_63.

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Truxes, Thomas M. "Trade and Revolution, 1773–1783." In The Overseas Trade of British America, 264–98. Yale University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300159882.003.0008.

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Chapter 7 of The Overseas Trade of British America opens with a rescue plan for the East India Company that called for dumping vast quantities of tea in British North America and applying the infamous 1767 tax on tea. Resistance in New York, Philadelphia, and Charleston forced importing agents to back down. But not in Boston. There, toe-to-toe confrontation between political activists and the Massachusetts governor precipitated the Boston Tea Party. Britain’s punitive response ignited armed rebellion. In the War of Independence that followed, success on the American side hinged on acquisition of military supplies from abroad. Some came directly from Europe, but most arrived through Dutch, French, Danish, and Spanish intermediaries in the West Indies. By far the greatest sufferers from the breakdown of colonial trade were the thousands of enslaved Africans in the British West Indies dependent on food from North America. The revolutionaries succeeded in establishing the independence of the United States, but its commerce was in shambles. The economy of the young republic, having lost its privileged connection to the British Empire, slid into a deep depression. Optimism prevailed, however, as the United States prepared to step onto the world stage.
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Quintero Saravia, Gonzalo M. "Bernardo de Gálvez Takes the Initiative." In Bernardo de Gálvez, 137–79. University of North Carolina Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469640792.003.0006.

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When Spain declared war to Britain on June 21, 1779, the Spanish empire had been already supporting the American patriots for several years. Money and supplies were channelled both through Gardoqui & Sons, a Spanish firm with long standing commercial ties with Boston, and New Orleans from where they went up the Mississippi and then by land to George Washington’s Continental Army in the East. In order to prevent a British attack against Spanish Louisiana, Bernardo de Gálvez launched a pre-emptive strike against the ill-prepared and little defended British outposts of Fort Manchac (September 7, 1779) and Baton Rouge (September 21, 1779) that quickly surrendered. The next objective, Mobile, had stronger defenses so reinforcements were needed from Cuba. The high command on the island, however doubted both the operation, and the commander. More so, on January 1780, the Spanish forces that sailed from New Orleans were mostly wrecked by a storm. Despite this setback, Gálvez continued his march towards Mobile and after the arrival of the long-awaited reinforcements and supplies from Havana he was able to start the siege by late February 1780. On March 13, the Spanish artillery was able to breach Fort Charlotte’s walls and the British garrison surrendered.
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Miller, Nicola. "Writing in the Dark." In Republics of Knowledge, 59–81. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691176758.003.0004.

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This chapter recounts how printing was born with the republic in Chile, describing the full-size press that was brought from Boston in late 1811 and was set in motion to print the country's first periodical, La Aurora de Chile. It traces the long history of printing in most Spanish American countries, such as Peru and Mexico, where it dated back to the sixteenth century. It also cites new political communities that were baptised in print as the independence wars generated both quantitative and qualitative changes in publishing. The chapter looks at journals that championed the cause of independence by establishing a founding tradition of speaking truth to power and stimulating a demand for new ideas and discoveries, as well as for news and information. It points out how the printing press was a means of sustaining the momentum of the promised popular enlightenment for independent governments.
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Beinart, William, and Lotte Hughes. "The Fur Trade in Canada." In Environment and Empire. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199260317.003.0008.

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In the tropical zones of mainland America and the Caribbean islands, plantations became a key vehicle for imperial expansion—an early hothouse of intensive production which boosted Caribbean populations from 200,000 to two million over a couple of centuries. The indigenous population, as noted in the last chapter, had no place in this system and was largely destroyed or its remnants absorbed. But the labour requirements of the plantation system, its location, and the diseases it engendered also shaped a demography weighted against white settlers, especially in the Caribbean. At the northern limits of European intrusion, on the Atlantic coast, down the St Lawrence River, and on the shores of the Hudson Bay, the imperial frontier was extended more by trade than by agrarian settlement. In this chapter, we illustrate how the natural environment of this region, as well as economic and political forces, influenced the routes of intrusion and patterns of interaction. In contrast to the Caribbean, Native Americans had a major role in supplying imperial markets. Coastal settler society in the Americas, from Boston north, grew partly around the cod fisheries. The Grand Banks off the Canadian coast were a particularly rich source of cod and had been fished by the Spanish, Portuguese, and Basques since the sixteenth century or before. By the early seventeenth century, as many as 300 French and 150 British ships were recorded at one time on what became the Canadian coast. Cod fisheries were largely run by Europeans and based on European technology. They became the basis for an important export trade in dried and salted cod, bacalhau, to Europe and the Caribbean, where sources of protein were in short supply. On the sugar islands, especially, there were severe constraints on keeping livestock, and a lack of indigenous species to hunt. Dried cod, traded from North to Central America, to some degree filled this dietary gap; not only did it last well but it was also light to transport. Crosby has argued that North America was particularly porous with respect to the absorption of Eurasian animal and plant species and that these greatly facilitated settler colonialism.
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Townsend, Kenneth W. "Spanish Borderlands, 1527–1758." In First Americans, 64–93. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315161389-3.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Spanish Americans in Boston"

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Pathak, Anand, Ruta Sharangpani, Glenn Copeland, Eden V. Wells, and Violanda Grigorescu. "Abstract B89: Multivariate modeling of biological, socioeconomic, and treatment level variables partially explains the differential breast cancer mortality between African Americans and white Americans in Michigan." In Abstracts: AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research‐‐ Oct 22-25, 2011; Boston, MA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.prev-11-b89.

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McHugh, Michelle K., Matthew B. Schabath, Chung-Han Ho, Mei Liu, Anthony M. D'Amelio, Anthony J. Greisinger, George L. Delclos, Margaret R. Spitz, and Carol J. Etzel. "Abstract B91: Self-reported prior lung disease as risk factors for non-small cell lung cancer in Mexican Americans." In Abstracts: AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research‐‐ Oct 22-25, 2011; Boston, MA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.prev-11-b91.

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Lopez, David Santiago, Lemma Garoma, Steve Clay Waring, Melissa Bondy, Michele Forman, and Sara Strom. "Abstract B94: Relationship of overweight and diabetes with prostate cancer stages in Mexican Americans: A population-based case-control study." In Abstracts: AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research‐‐ Oct 22-25, 2011; Boston, MA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.prev-11-b94.

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Rosales, Miguel. "Frances Appleton Pedestrian Bridge Design and Construction." In Footbridge 2022 (Madrid): Creating Experience. Madrid, Spain: Asociación Española de Ingeniería Estructural, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24904/footbridge2022.239.

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<p>The Frances Appleton Pedestrian Bridge is an innovative steel arch bridge with a 69m main span and curvilinear approaches along the Charles River in Boston, Massachusetts. It is the first Americans with Disabilities Act fully accessible 4.3m wide bridge connecting Boston’s historic Beacon Hill neighborhood to the Esplanade Park and Charles River. An overall architectural and structural theme was followed in the design of all bridge components including the main arch, Y shaped approach piers, circular stairs and curved ramps. The bridge is light, elegant and well-integrated into the landscape complementing an adjacent historic landmark bridge and seamlessly blending into the waterfront context.</p>
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Anglim, Christopher Thomas. "COVID-19 in Context: A Pandemic in Its Historical Context." In 3rd Annual Faculty Senate Research Conference. AIJR Publisher, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.148.2.

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Mindful of history’s value in providing context for contemporary issues, this essay compares selected issues surrounding the effectiveness of government messaging during COVID-19 with previous pandemics and epidemics on selected public policy choices, specifically addressing the role of disinformation, misinformation, and information suppression in contending with disease outbreaks. During the Spanish Flu of 1918, governments worldwide ignored the crisis and suppressed information on the pandemic, because they were concerned that it would interfere with the ongoing war effort. Similar to the impacts of COVID-19, leaders dismissed science in favor of ideology which occurred in the cold war era for several reasons, and with profound impacts. In the case of the Cold War, anti-Communist hysteria led Dr. Albert Sabin to test his anti-polio vaccine in the Soviet Union as opposed to the United States. In exploring various historical parallels to COVID-19, this essay also explores racism, ethnocentrism, and various forms of othering that have historically characterized the response to pandemics, often assigning blame to various “outside” groups. The essay concludes by arguing for science-based solutions to pandemic emergencies (as opposed to ideological-oriented objectives) and argues for a fair, prudent, and judicious balancing of cherished individual rights and individual autonomy, a collective science-based response to public health emergencies, and with the intent to protect the public health of all Americans in a fair, inclusive and equitable manner.
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