Готові списки джерел за темами / Solid’s behavior

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Solid’s behavior"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022
Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Solid’s behavior"

1

Grau Turuelo, Constantino, Sebastian Pinnau, and Cornelia Breitkopf. "Estimating a Stoichiometric Solid’s Gibbs Free Energy Model by Means of a Constrained Evolutionary Strategy." Materials 14, no. 2 (January 19, 2021): 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14020471.

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Modeling of thermodynamic properties, like heat capacities for stoichiometric solids, includes the treatment of different sources of data which may be inconsistent and diverse. In this work, an approach based on the covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (CMA-ES) is proposed and described as an alternative method for data treatment and fitting with the support of data source dependent weight factors and physical constraints. This is applied to a Gibb’s Free Energy stoichiometric model for different magnesium sulfate hydrates by means of the NASA9 polynomial. Its behavior is proved by: (i) The comparison of the model to other standard methods for different heat capacity data, yielding a more plausible curve at high temperature ranges; (ii) the comparison of the fitted heat capacity values of MgSO4·7H2O against DSC measurements, resulting in a mean relative error of a 0.7% and a normalized root mean square deviation of 1.1%; and (iii) comparing the Van’t Hoff and proposed Stoichiometric model vapor-solid equilibrium curves to different literature data for MgSO4·7H2O, MgSO4·6H2O, and MgSO4·1H2O, resulting in similar equilibrium values, especially for MgSO4·7H2O and MgSO4·6H2O. The results show good agreement with the employed data and confirm this method as a viable alternative for fitting complex physically constrained data sets, while being a potential approach for automatic data fitting of substance data.
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2

Yoshida, Sanichiro. "Comprehensive description of deformation and fracture of solids as wave dynamics." Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids 22, no. 5 (December 28, 2015): 1094–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1081286515616859.

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A field theory of deformation and fracture is presented. Applying the principle of local symmetry to the law of elasticity, this theory is capable of describing elastic deformation, plastic deformation, and fracture of solids based on the same theoretical basis. Using the Lagrangian formalism, the theory derives field equations analogous to the Maxwell equations of electrodynamics. The field equations yield wave solutions that represent the spatiotemporal behaviors of the velocity and rotation fields of solids under deformation. The dynamics of elastic deformation and plastic deformation are differentiated by the form of the longitudinal force acting on a unit volume. In the field equations, this longitudinal effect acts as the source term. In the elastic dynamics, the source term represents a restoring (energy-conservative) force proportional to the displacement from the equilibrium, and in the plastic dynamics it represents an energy-dissipative force proportional to the local velocity. Both effects are interpreted as the solid’s reaction to the external load. Fracture is characterized by the final stage of deformation, where the solid loses both energy-conservative and energy-dissipative reaction mechanisms. These behaviors are observed as different forms in the wave characteristics of the dynamics. Elastic deformation is characterized by longitudinal compression waves, while plastic deformation is characterized by transverse decaying waves. In the transitional stage from the elastic to the plastic regime, a solitary wave is generated if a certain condition is satisfied. Experimental observations of solids that exhibit these wave characteristics of the deformation field are presented.
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3

Venkatasubramanian, Srikanth, Hiroyuki Tashiro, George E. Klinzing, and Kenneth Mykelbust. "Solids flow behavior in bends: assessing fine solids buildup." Powder Technology 113, no. 1-2 (November 2000): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0032-5910(00)00217-5.

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Zak, Michail. "Post-Instability Behavior of Solids." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 9, no. 4 (December 1985): 200–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-1985-0027.

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The necessity of model reformulation in elasticity results from the failure of hyperbolicity of the governing equations of motion for classical models. The reformulation is based upon the introduction of additional kinematical microstructures in the form of multivalued displacement and velocity field (or fractal functions) which arc generated by the mechanism of the instability. The small scale motions describing this microstructure interact with the original large scale motion and restore the hyperbolicity of new governing equations of motion. The applications of the reformulated models to the problem of vibrational control and impact energy absorption are discussed.
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5

Frenkel, Daan, Peter Bladon, Peter Bolhuis, and Maarten Hagen. "Liquid-Like Behavior in Solids." Molecular Simulation 16, no. 1-3 (January 1996): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08927029608024067.

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Chiang, C. R. "Mechanical behavior of cracked solids." Engineering Fracture Mechanics 43, no. 6 (December 1992): 1019–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-7944(92)90031-9.

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7

Liu, Yancong, Yingya Wu, Xiaogang Shi, Chengxiu Wang, Jinsen Gao, and Xingying Lan. "3D CPFD Simulation of Circulating Fluidized Bed Downer and Riser: Comparisons of Flow Structure and Solids Back-Mixing Behavior." Processes 8, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8020161.

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Анотація:
The difference of gas-solids flow between a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) downer and riser was compared by computational particle fluid dynamics (CPFD) approach. The comparison was conducted under the same operating conditions. Simulation results demonstrated that the downer showed much more uniform solids holdup and solids velocity distribution compared with the riser. The radial non-uniformity index of the solids holdup in the riser was over 10 times than that in the downer. In addition, small clusters tended to be present in the whole downer, large clusters tended to be present near the wall in riser. It was found that the different cluster behavior is important in determining the different flow behaviors of solids in the downer and riser. While the particle residence time increased evenly along the downward direction in the downer, particles with both shorter and longer residence time were predicted in the whole riser. The nearly vertical cumulative residence time distribution (RTD) curve in the downer further demonstrated that the solids back-mixing in the downer is limited while that in the riser is severe. Solids turbulence in the downer was much weaker compared with the riser, while the large clusters formation near the wall in the riser would hinder solids transportation ability.
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8

Cheng, Yingchao, and Huan Li. "Rheological behavior of sewage sludge with high solid content." Water Science and Technology 71, no. 11 (March 31, 2015): 1686–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.152.

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Sludge rheological properties play a fundamental role in determining its performance in pipes, tanks or reactors. However, the relative information on high-solids sludge is very rare. In this study, the rheological properties of high-solids sludge were investigated systematically and a new rheological model was built. The results showed that the low-solids sludge with total solids content (TS) 2–15% was pseudoplastic fluid, and the high-solids sludge with TS 7–15% exhibited thixotropic property. Sludge viscosity increased exponentially with the increasing TS, and decreased in function of power along with the increasing shear rate. The new complex model combining the exponential model and the power model can perfectly describe the relation between TS, shear rate and viscosity of the high-solids sludge. Both sludge organic content and temperature have influence on sludge viscosity, but the influence was not significant for the low-solids sludge. For the high-solids sludge with TS 6%, 8%, 10% and 12%, their viscosities increased by 5.0, 9.1, 25.7 and 24.9 times, respectively, when sludge organic content increased from 28% to 53%, and decreased by 36.5%, 49.5%, 54.0% and 65.4%, respectively, when sludge temperature rose from 9 to 55 °C.
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9

Han, Tong-Seok, and Sang-Yeop Chung. "NM-KR-4 Effect of Intergranular Misorientation on Behavior of Polycrystalline Solids during Elastoplastic Deformation." Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2012 (2012): _NM—KR—4–1—_NM—KR—4–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2012._nm-kr-4-1.

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Buonsanti, Michele, Giovanni Leonardi, Francesco Scoppelliti, and F. Cirianni. "Dynamic Behavior of Granular Mixture Solids." Key Engineering Materials 488-489 (September 2011): 541–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.488-489.541.

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Анотація:
In this paper a theoretical and numerical study of impulsive loads over a granular medium free surface has been developed. We will model a real case, as a high deformable solid impacting a less deformable surface, and consequently subject to micro and macro medium failure. Developing a macroscopic approach we resolve the macro-stress in the homogenized two-dimensional medium and subsequently apply a representative volume element (RVE) analysis modeling to the micro-scale. The problem is developed by energetic approach on an elasto-plastic element using an energy functional containing bulk and surface contributions. Finally, a numerical application is presented.
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Дисертації з теми "Solid’s behavior"

1

Breslavsky, D. V., V. O. Mietielov, O. K. Morachkovsky, S. O. Pashchenko, and О. А. Tatarinova. "Asymptotic methods and finite element method in cyclic creep-damage problems." Thesis, Львівський національний університет ім. І. Франка, 2015. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/19395.

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2

Du, Bing. "Hydrodynamics and flow structure, gas and solids mixing behavior, and choking phenomena in gas-solid fluidization." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1110208922.

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Анотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xxvii, 334 p.; also includes graphics (some col). Includes bibliographical references (p. 322-334). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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3

Mostoufi, Navid. "Solids behaviour in fluidized beds." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0017/NQ53540.pdf.

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4

Abdel-Fattah, Mohamed Thabit. "Nonlinear behaviour of cylindrical shells containing elastic solids." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ58196.pdf.

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5

Lu, Xia. "Nonequilibrium thermodynamic models for the dynamic behavior of polycrystalline solids." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/12549.

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Mohammed, Malik Ahmed. "NMR studies of quantum molecular motions in solids." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329802.

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Li, Qin. "Simulations of dynamic behaviour of packed particulate systems : applications of discrete element methods /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16731.pdf.

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8

Zhen, Tiejun. "Compressive behavior of kinking nonlinear elastic solids - Ti3SiC2, graphite, mica and BN /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2004. http://dspace.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/312.

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9

Lashkari, Omid. "The rheological behavior of semi-solid A356 alloy." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2006. http://theses.uqac.ca.

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Анотація:
Thèse (D.Eng.) -- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2006.
La p. de t. porte en outre: Dissertation presented to the University of Quebec at Chicoutimi in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of doctor of philosophy in engineering. CaQCU Bibliogr.: f. 177-184. Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU
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10

Milligan, Walter W. Jr. "Yielding and deformation behavior of the single crystal superalloy PWA 1480." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20152.

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Книги з теми "Solid’s behavior"

1

Sih, G. C., A. J. Ishlinsky, and S. T. Mileiko, eds. Plasticity and failure behavior of solids. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1866-5.

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2

Dietmar, Schulze. Powders and bulk solids: Behavior, characterization, storage and flow. Berlin: Springer, 2008.

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3

Milne, Ian Peter. The behaviour of segregating fluidised solids in throughflow. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1988.

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4

Miyoshi, Kazuhisa. Adhesion, friction, and wear behavior of clean metal-ceramic couples. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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5

Kishore, K. Solid propellant chemistry: Condensed phase behaviour of ammonium perchlorate-based solid propellants. New Delhi: Defence Research & Development Organisation, Ministry of Defence, 1999.

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6

Sih, G. C. Plasticity and failure behavior of solids: Memorial volume dedicated to the late Professor Yuriy Nickolaevich Rabotnov. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990.

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7

A, Pineau, and Zaoui A. 1941-, eds. Mechanical behaviour of materials. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998.

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8

Greatrix, David R. A study of combustion and flow behaviour in solid-propellant rocket motors. [Downsview, Ont.]: [Institute for Aerospace Studies], 1987.

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9

CAP-NSERC Summer Institute in Theoretical Physics. (1990 Edmonton, Alta.). Nonlinear and chaotic phenomena in plasmas, solids and fluids: Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, 16-27 July 1990. Edited by Rozmus Włodzimierz and Tuszynski J. A. Singapore: World Scientific, 1991.

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10

Greatrix, D. R. A study of combustion and flow behaviour in solid-propellant rocket motors. [Downsview, Ont.]: Institute for Aerospace Studies, 1987.

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Частини книг з теми "Solid’s behavior"

1

Cleland, Andrew N. "Dynamical Behavior of Solids." In Advanced Texts in Physics, 223–76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05287-7_7.

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2

Garrett, Steven L. "Elasticity of Solids." In Understanding Acoustics, 179–233. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44787-8_4.

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Анотація:
Abstract If a solid is initially at rest and equal and opposing forces are applied to that object, Newton’s Second Law guarantees that the object will remain at rest because the net force on the sample is zero. If that object is an elastic solid, then those forces will cause the solid to deform by an amount that is directly proportional to those applied forces. When the forces are removed, the sample will return to its original shape and size. That reversibility is the characteristic that is required if we say the behavior of the solid is “elastic.” This chapter will quantify the elastic behavior of solids by introducing the concepts of stress and strain and expressing their linear relationship through the definition of elastic moduli that depend only upon the material and the nature of the deformation and not upon the shape of the object. Those concepts allow us to generalize Hooke’s law. As before, the combination of a linear equation of state with Newton’s Second Law will now describe wave motion in solids. The introduction of a relaxation time, through the Maxwell model, will let these results be generalized to viscoelastic materials and then be applied to rubber vibration isolators.
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3

Reisfeld, Renata. "Fractal Behaviour of Porous Glasses." In Disordered Solids, 379–92. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5475-8_15.

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4

Nikitin, L. V., and Sh A. Mukhamediev. "Failure of inelastic solids." In Plasticity and failure behavior of solids, 61–90. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1866-5_4.

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5

Araújo, Carlos Moysés, and Rajeev Ahuja. "Electronic Structure and High-Pressure Behavior of Solids." In Thermodynamic Properties of Solids, 269–90. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527630417.ch7.

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6

Tello, M. J., and A. López-Echarri. "Heat Capacity of Solids." In Physical Properties and Thermodynamic Behaviour of Minerals, 433–58. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2891-6_13.

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7

Ibrahimbegovic, Adnan. "Inelastic behavior at small strains." In Nonlinear Solid Mechanics, 125–255. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2331-5_3.

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8

Basista, M. "Micromechanics of Damage in Brittle Solids." In Anisotropic Behaviour of Damaged Materials, 221–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-36418-4_7.

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9

Sih, G. C., and D. Y. Tzou. "Plastic deformation and crack growth behavior." In Plasticity and failure behavior of solids, 91–114. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1866-5_5.

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Drucker, D. C. "Past and possible future directions in plasticity." In Plasticity and failure behavior of solids, 1–17. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1866-5_1.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Solid’s behavior"

1

Li, Jiangyu, and Martin L. Dunn. "Viscoelectroelastic behavior of heterogeneous piezoelectric solids." In SPIE's 7th Annual International Symposium on Smart Structures and Materials, edited by Christopher S. Lynch. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.388217.

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2

Biggs, S. R., M. Fairweather, D. Harbottle, B. Lin, and J. Peakall. "Hydraulic Behaviour of Nuclear Waste Flows." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16376.

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Анотація:
A great deal of existing nuclear waste is stored as a solid-liquid slurry, and the effective transportation of such systems is an essential element in the successful implementation of almost all waste treatment strategies involving particulate wastes within the nuclear industry. A detailed knowledge of turbulent, particle-laden liquid flow behaviour is therefore obviously important. However, systematic and detailed studies of solid-liquid flows by experimental investigation are still limited for pipe flows, contrary to the significant amount of work available for channel flows. Research is therefore required to understand the effects of physical parameters, such as particle shape, size and size distribution, and solids concentration, on the properties of solid-liquid systems, particularly in horizontal pipe flows where particles may settle out of the flow and form solid beds which can potentially lead to pipe blockages. The presence of particles in a turbulent pipe flow also modifies the characteristics of the flow, thereby changing its ability to maintain particles in suspension. The work described concerns pipe flows over a Reynolds number range of 1,000–10,000, with varying levels of solids concentration within the flow. Measurements of the flow and particle characteristics have been gathered using particle image velocimetry (PIV) and, for high solids concentrations, ultrasound Doppler velocity profiling (UDVP) techniques. This work has demonstrated that the intensity of turbulence within such flows can be significantly affected by the presence of solid particles, with small particles generally attenuating turbulence levels, while large particles often augment turbulence levels from the pipe centre-line to the near-wall region. In addition, the coagulation of particles into larger agglomerates is also of importance, with data demonstrating that whilst turbulence levels are influenced and augmented by such agglomerates at low Reynolds numbers, high turbulence levels at high Reynolds numbers can destroy the agglomerates and reduce their effect on the carrier fluid. Work has also been undertaken to examine the effect of particle size and Reynolds number on particle deposition within the flows, and also to establish the minimum transport velocity required to re-suspend particles from solid beds. All these findings are of importance in enhancing our understanding of flows of particles in pipes which in turn is of value in enabling the design of cost effective and efficient waste treatment processes.
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Chen, Jin, Xuegang Liu, Yanchao Zhang, Qian’ge He, and Jianchen Wang. "Solids Formation Behavior of Simulated High-Level Liquid Waste During Long-Term Storage." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-29590.

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High-level liquid waste (HLLW) generated from reprocessing process contains actinides, lanthanides, fission products (FP) and a significant amount of nitrate ion. The partitioning and transmutation concept has been introduced for reducing the long-term hazards of HLLW. Several chemical separation processes mainly based on solvent extraction methods have been proposed to treat HLLW. However, solids consisting mainly Mo and Zr are known to form in HLLW during its long-term storage, Solid formations influence the composition of HLLW and the downstream solvent extraction process. To understand the precipitation behavior and stability of HLLW during its long-term storage, simulated HLLW (prepared as raffinate solution from LWR spent fuel reprocessing, 1AW solution) was prepared. Preliminary studies on solid formation behaviors with regard to the precipitation formation during refluxing and aging (representing a long-term storage) were carried out. Precipitation kinetics of major FPs such as Zr, Mo, Ru, rare earth elements, and etc. have been studied; The effect of phosphate ion concentration and temperature on solids formation were also experimentally examined. The formation conditions and the mechanism of solids were discussed.
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Ciocanel, Constantin, Cindy Browder, and Gerrick Lindberg. "Electrochemical and mechanical characterization of a PEG based solid polymer electrolyte for power storage composites (Conference Presentation)." In Behavior and Mechanics of Multifunctional Materials and Composites XI, edited by Nakhiah C. Goulbourne. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2261882.

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De Angelis, Fabio, Donato Cancellara, Mariano Modano, and Mario Pasquino. "Numerical issues in the plastic behavior of solids." In 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS 2013: ICNAAM 2013. AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4825745.

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Szeri, Andras Z. "Non-Linear Lubricant Behavior in Concentrated Contacts." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/fed-24919.

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Abstract Elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) is the name given to hydrodynamic lubrication when it is applied to solid surfaces of low geometric conformity (counterformal contacts) that are capable of, and are subject to, elastic deformation. In bearings relying on EHL principles, the residence time of the fluid is less than 1 ms, the pressures are up to 4 GP, the film is thin, down to 0.1 μm, and shear rates are up to 108 s−1 — under such conditions lubricants exhibit material behavior that is distinctly different from their behavior in bulk at normal temperature and pressure. In fact, without taking into account the viscosity-pressure characteristics of the liquid lubricant and the elastic deformation of the bounding solids, hydrodynamic theory is unable to explain the existence of continuous lubricant films in highly loaded gears and rolling contact bearings.
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7

Telle, Rainer. "Oxidation behavior of B4C-SiC composites with various microstructures." In Boron-rich solids. AIP, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.40786.

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8

Shinno, H., M. Fujitsuka, and T. Tanabe. "Thermal schok behavior of sintered mixtures of carbon, boron, and titanium." In Boron-rich solids. AIP, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.40788.

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9

Divakov, A. K. "Kinetics of Mesostructure and Reloading Behavior of Dynamically Compressed Solids." In SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2003: Proceedings of the Conference of the American Physical Society Topical Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter. AIP, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1780299.

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10

Sorge, Les L., David J. Brueneman, J. Dale Ortego, Jr., Michael A. Gibson, Christian W. Knudsen, Hiroshi Kanamori, and B. Kent Joosten. "Standpipe Solids Transfer Behavior in a Lunar Gravity Fluidized Bed." In Fifth International Conference on Space. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40177(207)105.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Solid’s behavior"

1

Li, C. An investigation of mechanical behavior of crystalline solids. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5442805.

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2

Peter A. Monson. Molecular Modeling of Solid Fluid Phase Behavior. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/937081.

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3

Kono, H. O. Kinetic behavior of solid particles in fluidized beds. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5435342.

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4

Kono, H. O., and C. C. Huang. Kinetic behavior of solid particles in fluidized beds: Annual report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6981950.

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5

Kim, H., J. Chen, R. Roidt, and H. Burgman. Advanced study in solid transport: Rheological behavior of dense suspension. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5324146.

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6

Kim, H., J. Chen, R. Roidt, and H. Burgman. Advanced study in solid transport: Rheological behavior of dense suspension. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6822093.

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7

Kim, J., J. Chen, R. Roidt, and H. Burgman. Advanced study in solid transport: Rheological behavior of dense suspension. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6932352.

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8

Pullammanappallil, Pratap, Haim Kalman, and Jennifer Curtis. Investigation of particulate flow behavior in a continuous, high solids, leach-bed biogasification system. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600038.bard.

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Recent concerns regarding global warming and energy security have accelerated research and developmental efforts to produce biofuels from agricultural and forestry residues, and energy crops. Anaerobic digestion is a promising process for producing biogas-biofuel from biomass feedstocks. However, there is a need for new reactor designs and operating considerations to process fibrous biomass feedstocks. In this research project, the multiphase flow behavior of biomass particles was investigated. The objective was accomplished through both simulation and experimentation. The simulations included both particle-level and bulk flow simulations. Successful computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of multiphase flow in the digester is dependent on the accuracy of constitutive models which describe (1) the particle phase stress due to particle interactions, (2) the particle phase dissipation due to inelastic interactions between particles and (3) the drag force between the fibres and the digester fluid. Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations of Homogeneous Cooling Systems (HCS) were used to develop a particle phase dissipation rate model for non-spherical particle systems that was incorporated in a two-fluid CFDmultiphase flow model framework. Two types of frictionless, elongated particle models were compared in the HCS simulations: glued-sphere and true cylinder. A new model for drag for elongated fibres was developed which depends on Reynolds number, solids fraction, and fibre aspect ratio. Schulze shear test results could be used to calibrate particle-particle friction for DEM simulations. Several experimental measurements were taken for biomass particles like olive pulp, orange peels, wheat straw, semolina, and wheat grains. Using a compression tester, the breakage force, breakage energy, yield force, elastic stiffness and Young’s modulus were measured. Measurements were made in a shear tester to determine unconfined yield stress, major principal stress, effective angle of internal friction and internal friction angle. A liquid fludized bed system was used to determine critical velocity of fluidization for these materials. Transport measurements for pneumatic conveying were also assessed. Anaerobic digestion experiments were conducted using orange peel waste, olive pulp and wheat straw. Orange peel waste and olive pulp could be anaerobically digested to produce high methane yields. Wheat straw was not digestible. In a packed bed reactor, anaerobic digestion was not initiated above bulk densities of 100 kg/m³ for peel waste and 75 kg/m³ for olive pulp. Interestingly, after the digestion has been initiated and balanced methanogenesis established, the decomposing biomass could be packed to higher densities and successfully digested. These observations provided useful insights for high throughput reactor designs. Another outcome from this project was the development of low cost devices to measure methane content of biogas for off-line (US$37), field (US$50), and online (US$107) applications.
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BRANNON, REBECCA M. The Consistent Kinetics Porosity (CKP) Model: A Theory for the Mechanical Behavior of Moderately Porous Solids. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/771502.

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10

Privman, Vladimir. Quantum Computing in Solid State, and Coherent Behavior of Open Quantum Systems. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada414285.

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