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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "SoLi∂ detector"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 3 лютого 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "SoLi∂ detector"

Izumi, Yoshihiro, and Yasukuni Yamane. "Solid-State X-Ray Imagers." MRS Bulletin 27, no. 11 (November 2002): 889–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2002.278.

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AbstractNew solid-state x-ray imagers known as digital flat-panel x-ray detectors are about to be launched in the field of medical diagnostics. The combination of active-matrix technologies developed for active-matrix liquid-crystal displays and x-ray detection materials constitutes the basis of the detectors. Recently, two kinds of direct-conversion detectors have been developed in order to improve their performance. One is a detector using a thick x-ray photoconductor (∼1 mm) made of amorphous selenium, and the other is a novel hybrid panel detector using an x-ray photoconductor made of polycrystalline Cd(Zn)Te. As a result, excellent resolution and good linear sensitivity have been achieved. These detectors have great promise as next-generation digital imaging systems for fluoroscopy and radiography.

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Ebadi, Reza, Mason C. Marshall, David F. Phillips, Johannes Cremer, Tao Zhou, Michael Titze, Pauli Kehayias, et al. "Directional detection of dark matter using solid-state quantum sensing." AVS Quantum Science 4, no. 4 (December 2022): 044701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/5.0117301.

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Next-generation dark matter (DM) detectors searching for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) will be sensitive to coherent scattering from solar neutrinos, demanding an efficient background-signal discrimination tool. Directional detectors improve sensitivity to WIMP DM despite the irreducible neutrino background. Wide-bandgap semiconductors offer a path to directional detection in a high-density target material. A detector of this type operates in a hybrid mode. The WIMP or neutrino-induced nuclear recoil is detected using real-time charge, phonon, or photon collection. The directional signal, however, is imprinted as a durable sub-micron damage track in the lattice structure. This directional signal can be read out by a variety of atomic physics techniques, from point defect quantum sensing to x-ray microscopy. In this Review, we present the detector principle as well as the status of the experimental techniques required for directional readout of nuclear recoil tracks. Specifically, we focus on diamond as a target material; it is both a leading platform for emerging quantum technologies and a promising component of next-generation semiconductor electronics. Based on the development and demonstration of directional readout in diamond over the next decade, a future WIMP detector will leverage or motivate advances in multiple disciplines toward precision dark matter and neutrino physics.

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Zhang, Lei, Chenkai Qiao, Jingjun Zhu, Yu Liu, Yulu Yan, Shin-Ted Lin, Shukui Liu, Changjian Tang, and Haoyang Xing. "Preparation of Large Volume Solid Argon Crystal and Its Feasibility Test as a Scintillation Material." Crystals 12, no. 10 (October 7, 2022): 1416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12101416.

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An important background to the liquid argon detectors is that they are caused by the diffusion of radioactive isotopes in a scintillator (liquid phase). This radioactive isotope is produced in argon’s surrounding devices, such as circulation pipelines and liquid argon containers. The solid argon as a scintillation material in the detector can inhibit the diffusion and drift of radioactive isotopes in a solid phase scintillator. Additionally, the structure of a solid argon detector is simple and reduces the total source of radioactive background. In the CDEX-300 detection system, solid argon could substitute for liquid argon as the veto detector, preventing radioactive isotopes drifting to the central main detector (HPGe detectors array) surface to reduce backgrounds. Therefore, solid argon has great potential in the experiments since it is especially helpful to get the lower background in a larger active volume than liquid argon required in those low background detection experiments. This work introduces the preparation process and device of the large volume transparent crystalline argon, the acquisition of scintillation light, and the pulse amplitude spectrum of 137Cs obtained from a prototype detector of transparent solid argon crystal. The results show that the scheme proposed in this study can successfully produce a large volume transparent crystalline argon detector, the scintillation light signals can be effectively obtained from the solid argon scintillator, and the corresponding pulse amplitude spectrum is given. This work indicates that it is feasible to develop a solid argon crystal scintillation detector by using our approach.

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Nayak, A., M. K. Parida, V. Kumar, and G. Prasanna. "Investigation of thermal neutron detection efficiency of Boron Carbide converter material using GEANT4 simulation for different types of detector configurations." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 07 (July 1, 2022): P07012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/07/p07012.

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Abstract A lot of advancement in the field of semiconductors has made it possible to design a solid state neutron detector. They are small in size and compact, have economical bulk fabrications, require low power for their operation. Hence it can act as a plausible alternative to traditional neutron detector such as gas filled and scintillation detectors. It has been observed that many factors like the choice of converter material, LLD settings and geometrical configurations have an impact on the thermal neutron detection efficiency of solid state neutron detector design. Therefore in the present research work, a systematic GEANT4 simulation have been performed on estimating the simulated thermal neutron detection efficiency (η) for five different solid state detector geometrical configurations design with Boron Carbide (10B4C) as a converter material. These detectors geometry configurations designs are planar, rectangular parallel trenches, cylindrical perforation, stack and spherical (single and multi-layer). The objective of the simulations was to obtain critical geometrical features for which the efficiency reaches the maximum value, of the given detector configurations. The influence of the different enrichment levels of 10B (20% to 80%) in Boron Carbide and different Low-Level Discriminator (LLD) value setting (from 100 keV to 700 keV) on the simulated thermal neutron detection efficiency was also investigated. Finally, the simulated multi channel analyzer spectra or in other words histoplots were obtained for all the detector configurations.

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Chatzakis, J., I. Rigakis, S. M. Hassan, E. L. Clark, and P. Lee. "Detection of pulsed neutrons with solid-state electronics." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 44 (January 2016): 1660229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194516602295.

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Measurements of the spatial and time-resolved characteristics of pulsed neutron sources require large area detection materials and fast circuitry that can process the electronic pulses readout from the active region of the detector. In this paper, we present a solid-state detector based on the nuclear activation of materials by neutrons, and the detection of the secondary particle emission of the generated radionuclides’ decay. The detector utilizes a microcontroller that communicates using a modified SPI protocol. A solid-state, pulse shaping filter follows a charge amplifier, and it is designed as an inexpensive, low-noise solution for measuring pulses measured by a digital counter. An imaging detector can also be made by using an array of these detectors. The system can communicate with an interface unit and pass an image to a personal computer.

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Zhang, K., G. Rosenbaum, and G. Bunker. "Energy-Resolving X-ray Fluorescence Detection Using Synthetic Multilayers." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 5, no. 4 (July 1, 1998): 1227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0909049597019535.

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The potential of synthetic multilayers for energy-resolving the X-ray fluorescence in X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) experiments is discussed. Two detection systems, one using curved multilayers and the other using graded multilayers to select X-ray fluorescence photons, have been designed to cover a wide energy range with a usefully large solid angle. Such a detector will be more advantageous than the barrel-like crystal-array detector because of the unique properties of synthetic multilayers, such as larger horizontal acceptance angles and bandwidth. In addition, the detector should be much simpler to construct and readily accommodates energy changes, especially the detector using graded multilayers. Comparison of the multilayer array detector with conventional detectors, such as ionization chambers and conventional 13-element Ge detectors, shows that the proposed system will be superior, particularly with the increased photon fluxes available from insertion devices and with decreased sample concentration, since this detection system eliminates the `bad' photons before they enter any X-ray detector. Consequently, the X-ray detector proper for this system does not suffer from the incident-count-rate bottleneck common to current X-ray fluorescence detectors with energy resolution by signal processing. Thus, this new fluorescence detection system will provide tremendous opportunities for XAFS measurements on dilute systems, such as biological systems, at third-generation synchrotron sources.

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Zaluzec, Nestor J. "Detector Solid Angle Formulas for Use in X-Ray Energy Dispersive Spectrometry." Microscopy and Microanalysis 15, no. 2 (March 16, 2009): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927609090217.

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AbstractWith the advent of silicon drift X-ray detectors, a range of new geometries has become possible in electron optical columns. Because of their compact size, these detectors can potentially achieve high geometrical collection efficiencies; however, using traditional approximations detector solid angle calculations rapidly break down and at times can yield nonphysical values. In this article we present generalized formulas that can be used to calculate the variation in detection solid angle for contemporary Si(Li) as well as new silicon drift configurations.

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Yuan, Jing, Panagiotis Barmpoutis, and Tania Stathaki. "Pedestrian Detection Using Integrated Aggregate Channel Features and Multitask Cascaded Convolutional Neural-Network-Based Face Detectors." Sensors 22, no. 9 (May 7, 2022): 3568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22093568.

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Pedestrian detection is a challenging task, mainly owing to the numerous appearances of human bodies. Modern detectors extract representative features via the deep neural network; however, they usually require a large training set and high-performance GPUs. For these cases, we propose a novel human detection approach that integrates a pretrained face detector based on multitask cascaded convolutional neural networks and a traditional pedestrian detector based on aggregate channel features via a score combination module. The proposed detector is a promising approach that can be used to handle pedestrian detection with limited datasets and computational resources. The proposed detector is investigated comprehensively in terms of parameter choices to optimize its performance. The robustness of the proposed detector in terms of the training set, test set, and threshold is observed via tests and cross dataset validations on various pedestrian datasets, including the INRIA, part of the ETHZ, and the Caltech and Citypersons datasets. Experiments have proved that this integrated detector yields a significant increase in recall and a decrease in the log average miss rate compared with sole use of the traditional pedestrian detector. At the same time, the proposed method achieves a comparable performance to FRCNN on the INRIA test set compared with sole use of the Aggregated Channel Features detector.

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Radtke, J. L., and D. W. Beard. "A New Position Sensitive Detector for X-Ray Diffractometry." Advances in X-ray Analysis 36 (1992): 617–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800019261.

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AbstractPosition sensitive detectors provide efficient X-ray detection over large solid angles; this capability has revolutionized X-ray diffractometry by reducing data collection time. This paper describes testing of a new single-axis position sensitive detector designed to locate 0.6-2 Angstrom X-rays. Dead time, quantum efficiency, energy resolution, and spatial resolution were measured. Standard powder diffraction patterns were observed with the detector, and data sets are presented. The impact of detector performance parameters on diffraction experiments is discussed.

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Lowdon, Matthew, Peter G. Martin, M. W. J. Hubbard, M. P. Taggart, Dean T. Connor, Yannick Verbelen, P. J. Sellin, and Thomas B. Scott. "Evaluation of Scintillator Detection Materials for Application within Airborne Environmental Radiation Monitoring." Sensors 19, no. 18 (September 4, 2019): 3828. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19183828.

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In response to the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, there has occurred the unabated growth in the number of airborne platforms developed to perform radiation mapping—each utilising various designs of a low-altitude uncrewed aerial vehicle. Alongside the associated advancements in the airborne system transporting the radiation detection payload, from the earliest radiological analyses performed using gas-filled Geiger-Muller tube detectors, modern radiation detection and mapping platforms are now based near-exclusively on solid-state scintillator detectors. With numerous varieties of such light-emitting crystalline materials now in existence, this combined desk and computational modelling study sought to evaluate the best-available detector material compatible with the requirements for low-altitude autonomous radiation detection, localisation and subsequent high spatial-resolution mapping of both naturally occurring and anthropogenically-derived radionuclides. The ideal geometry of such detector materials is also evaluated. While NaI and CsI (both elementally doped) are (and will likely remain) the mainstays of radiation detection, LaBr3 scintillation detectors were determined to possess not only a greater sensitivity to incident gamma-ray radiation, but also a far superior spectral (energy) resolution over existing and other potentially deployable detector materials. Combined with their current competitive cost, an array of three such composition cylindrical detectors were determined to provide the best means of detecting and discriminating the various incident gamma-rays.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "SoLi∂ detector"

Yeresko, Mykhailo. "Search for antineutrino disappearance with the SoLi∂ detector : novel reconstruction, calibration and selection." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UCFAC127.

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Cette thèse présente la recherche d'oscillations d'antineutrinos actifs vers des antineutrinos stériles avec le détecteur SoLi∂. Ce détecteur promeut un concept innovant basé sur un sandwich de plastiques scintillant formé de polyvinyle-toluène composite et de scintillateurs 6LiF:ZnS(Ag). Trois contributions principales à cette recherche sont rapportées dans ce document. La première concerne une nouvelle méthode de reconstruction basée sur l'algorithme ML-EM. Elle vise à transformer la réponse brute du détecteur en une liste de positions (avec des énergies dédiées) où l'interaction physique réelle dans le détecteur a eu lieu. La seconde concerne l'étalonnage en énergie du détecteur. Elle comprend à la fois l'étalonnage relatif au moyen de muons cosmiques horizontaux et l'exploration de plusieurs options pour la détermination de l'échelle d'énergie absolue. Enfin, la thèse présente une nouvelle méthode de sélection des candidats antineutrinos basée sur l'analyse de la partie électromagnétique du signal de désintégration bêta inverse et leur classement en fonction de la géométrie des événements dans le détecteur (topologies). L'analyse a été développée en aveugle et la méthode a été validée avec une petite fraction de l'échantillon de données
This thesis presents the search for active-to-sterile antineutrino oscillations with the SoLi∂ detector, which has an innovative concept based on a sandwich of composite polyvinyl-toluene and 6LiF:ZnS(Ag) scintillators. Three main contributions to this search are reported. The first one describes the new reconstruction method based on the ML-EM algorithm. It is aimed at transformation of the raw detector response to the list of positions (with dedicated energies) where actual physics interaction in the detector took place. The second one describes the energy calibration of the detector. It includes both relative calibration with the cosmic horizontal muons and exploration of several options for the absolute energy scale derivation. Finally, the thesis presents a novel method for selecting antineutrino candidates based on the analysis of the electromagnetic part of the inverse beta decay signal and categorising them according to the geometry of the events in the detector (topologies). The analysis was developed blindly and the method was validated with a small fraction of the data sample

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Walsh, Susanne. "The development of gallium arsenide microstrip detectors for the ATLAS inner detector." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286518.

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L'Héréec, Frédéric. "Solid state chemical electronics." Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2003. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04062004-164713/unrestricted/lhereec%5Ffrederic%5F200312%5Fms.pdf.

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L'Hereec, Frederic. "Solid state chemical electronics." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5341.

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Yin, Zaizhe. "Solid state detectors in radiotherapy dosimetry." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288576.

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Fernandes, Luís Olavo de Toledo 1978. "Desenvolvimento de fotômetros THz para observação de explosões solares." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/259238.

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Orientadores: Jacobus Willibrordus Swart, Pierre Kaufmann
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação
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Resumo: O telescópio solar submilimétrico operando nas freqüências de 212 e 405 GHz detectou uma nova componente espectral das emissões de explosões solares, com máximo em algum ponto da faixa Terahertz, simultaneamente com a conhecida componente espectral em microondas, trazendo sérios desafios para interpretação. O diagnostico deste tipo de emissão transiente em freqüências THz traz desafios tecnológicos que são objetivo deste estudo. Este projeto consiste em um estudo das características de filtros e sensores não refrigerados para aplicação em projeto aeroespacial na faixa Terahertz do espectro eletromagnético. Foram estudados e caracterizados detectores bolométrico, piroeletrico, e optoacustico, precedidos por filtros passa-baixa que suprimem a radiação na faixa do visível e infravermelho próximo do espectro eletromagnético, filtros passa-banda centrados na freqüência THz desejada, e modulador mecânico. O detector a célula de Golay mostrou ser o mais sensível. Foi selecionado para o protótipo de fotômetro THz que serviu para definir parâmetros de projeto para o modelo de vôo, para observação solar fora da atmosfera terrestre, em balões estratosféricos, satélites, ou estações no solo com atmosfera excepcionalmente transparente. O sistema foi concebido para observar todo o disco solar e detectar pequenas variações relativas de temperatura causadas por explosões em regiões especifica do Sol. Obteve-se mínima detectabilidade de variações relativas de temperatura da ordem de 1 K com resolução temporal de subsegundo
Abstract: The solar submillimeter-wave telescope, operating at 212 and 405 GHz frequencies detected a new flare spectral component emission, peaking in the THz range, simultaneously with the well known microwaves component, bringing challenging constrains for interpretation. The diagnostics of this kind of transient emission at THz frequencies also bring technical challenges, which are the subject of this study. The project consists in a study of the characteristics of filters and uncooled detectors for aerospace project application at THz range of the electromagnetic spectrum. Three types of uncooled sensors were tested: bolometric, pyroelectric, and optoacoustic, proceeded by low-pass filters to suppress the visible and infrared radiation, band-pass filter centered at THz frequency, and a chopper. The Golay cell sensor was considered the most sensible detector of all, and was selected for the photometer prototype THz system to observe the Sun outside the terrestrial atmosphere on stratospheric balloons or satellites, or at exceptionally transparent ground stations. The system was designed to observe the whole solar disk detecting small relative changes in input temperature caused by flares at localized positions of the Sun. The minimum relative temperature variation detected was about 1 K with subsecond time resolution
Mestrado
Eletrônica, Microeletrônica e Optoeletrônica
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

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Mills, David J. "Fabrication process and characteristics of a silicon strip detector." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25120.

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The current and possible uses of semiconductor solid state detectors in nuclear physics are briefly discussed. The theory of solid state detectors is discussed with emphasis on the silicon PIN diode detector. A fabrication process for silicon surface barrier position sensitive solid state detectors has been developed at UBC based on the work of J.B.A. England. A fabrication process recipe is included. A prototype surface barrier detector system has been built and tested at UBC and TRIUMF using this process. The device has 1 mm position resolution in one direction, an active area of 40 mm in diameter and a mass thickness of 55 mg/cm². The measured efficiency for 50 MeV pions is 70% and expected rate capability is in excess if 1 MHz per strip. The detector efficiency is limited by a marginal signal-to-noise ratio.
Science, Faculty of
Physics and Astronomy, Department of
Graduate

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Dias, Pedro Carvalhaes 1983. "Um novo sensor de umidade de solo de pulso de calor de alta sensibilidade, baseado em um único transistor bipolar de junção npn = A novel high sensitivity single probe heat pulse soil moisture sensor based on a single npn bipolar junction transistor = A novel high sensitivity single probe heat pulse soil moisture sensor based on a single npn bipolar junction transistor." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/261867.

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Orientador: Elnatan Chagas Ferreira
Texto em inglês
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T11:54:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dias_PedroCarvalhaes_M.pdf: 7362254 bytes, checksum: dd839cf652cbbda17a2a5d9b6cecbdc3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
Resumo: A constante preocupação em aumentar a produtividade das plantações de uma forma sustentável e otimizando o uso dos insumos agrícolas (água, fertilizantes, pesticidas e produtos para correção do PH) levou ao desenvolvimento da agricultura de precisão, que permite determinar a quantidade correta de insumos para cada região do solo (tipicamente um hectare), evitando o desperdício. Sensores de umidade de solo de baixo custo e fácil aplicação no campo são fundamentais para permitir um controle preciso da atividade de irrigação, sendo que os sensores que melhor atendem estes requisitos são os chamados sensores de dissipação de calor ou sensores de transferência de calor. Estes sensores, entretanto, apresentam um problema de baixa sensibilidade na faixa de umidade mais importante para as plantas (umidade de solo 'teta'v variando entre 5% e 35%), pois, para cobrir esta variação de 30% em 'teta'v com resolução de 1%, é necessário medir variações de temperatura de aproximadamente 0,026 ºC nos sensores de pulso de calor a duas pontas e 0,05 ºC para os sensores de pulso de calor de ponta simples. Neste trabalho foi desenvolvido um novo sensor de umidade de solo do tipo pulso de calor de ponta simples, baseado em um único elemento: um transistor bipolar de junção npn, que é usado tanto como aquecedor e como sensor de temperatura de alta precisão. Resultados experimentais, obtidos em medidas realizadas através de uma técnica de interrogação especialmente desenvolvida para este novo sensor mostram que neste trabalho foi possível obter uma sensibilidade cerca de uma ordem de grandeza maior do que nos sensores de pulso de calor com uma ponta e cerca de 20 vezes maior do que nos sensores de pulso de calor de duas pontas. Outra vantagem da técnica desenvolvida é que o aumento da sensibilidade não é obtido às custas do aumento da corrente drenada da bateria para aquecer o sensor. No sensor desenvolvido é utilizada uma corrente de apenas 6 mA para gerar o aquecimento (com energia dissipada de 1,5 J), enquanto que que os sensores de pulso de calor com ponta simples requerem cerca de 50 mA (com 2,4 J de energia dissipada) para operar. Os sensores de pulso de calor de ponta dupla também são fabricados com resistores que requerem cerca de 50 mA para o aquecimento (0.8 J de energia dissipada) para operar corretamente
Abstract: The concern regarding sustainable development and crop inputs optimization (such as water, fertilizers, pesticides and soil PH correction products) has led to the development of the precision agriculture concept, that allows to determine the exact amount of each input required on each ground section (typically one hectare), avoiding waste of inputs. Low-cost and easily handled soil moisture sensors are very important for allowing a precise irrigation control. The class of sensors which fulfill those requirements are the heat transfer sensors, where there are basically two types of devices: dual (or multi) probe heat pulse sensors and single probe heat pulse sensors. However, these sensors have a low sensitivity in the most important range of soil humidity 'teta'v for plants (usually from 5% ? 'teta'v ? 35%). To cover this 30% soil humidity range with 1% resolution it is necessary to measure temperature with a resolution of 0,026 ºC in the dual/multi probe heat pulse sensors and 0,05 ºC in the single probe heat pulse sensor. In this work it was developed a new type of single probe heat pulse sensor, comprised of a single element: an npn junction bipolar transistor, that plays the role of both the heating element and a high accuracy temperature sensor. Experimental results, obtained through an interrogation technique especially developed for this sensor, show sensitivity about one order of magnitude greater than the typical sensitivity of the single probe heat pulse sensors and 20 times greater than dual probe heat pulse sensors. Another great advantage of the developed interrogation technique is that the increase in sensibility is not obtained through a higher current being drained from the batteries that power the sensor. The developed sensor operates at a much lower current level than the other sensors, draining only 6 mA from the battery (with an energy of 150 mW). The single probe heat pulse sensor requires 50 mA and 1.5 J of energy to operate, whilst the dual probe heat pulse sensors are manufactured with resistors which also drain 50 mA from the battery with 0.8 J of dissipated energy
Mestrado
Eletrônica, Microeletrônica e Optoeletrônica
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

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Melton, Andrew Geier. "Development of wide bandgap solid-state neutron detectors." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44752.

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In this work novel solid-state neutron detectors based on Gallium Nitride (GaN) have been produced and characterized. GaN is a radiation hard semiconductor which is commonly used in commercial optoelectronic devices. The important design consideration for producing GaN-based neutron detectors have been examined, and device simulations performed. Scintillators and p-i-n diode-type neutron detectors have been grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and characterized. GaN was found to be intrinsically neutron sensitive through the Nitrogen-14 (n, p) reaction. Neutron conversion layers which produce secondary ionizing radiation were also produced and evaluated. GaN scintillator response was found to scale highly linearly with nuclear reactor power, indicating that GaN-based detectors are suitable for use in the nuclear power industry. This work is the first demonstration of using GaN for neutron detection. This is a novel application for a mature semiconductor material. The results presented here provide a proof-of-concept for solid-state GaN-based neutron detectors which offer many potential advantages over the current state-of-the-art, including lower cost, lower power operation, and mechanical robustness. At present Helium-3 proportional counters are the preferred technology for neutron detection, however this isotope is extremely rare, and there is a global shortage. Meanwhile demand for neutron detectors from the nuclear power, particle physics, and homeland security sectors requires development of novel neutron detectors which are which are functional, cost-effective, and deployable.

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Meier, William. "Development and testing of liquid to solid scintillating neutron detectors." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54911.

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The purpose of this research is to determine the feasibility of creating an affordable and durable neutron detector for usage in the field surveys, site inspections, and transportation hub monitoring. Currently, organic scintillating detectors are an established method of detecting neutrons but are either costly, fragile solids like stilbene, or flammable liquids like benzene. In this work, several scintillation mixtures were tested with a PuBe source, which emits both neutrons and gamma rays. The pulse shape discrimination method was utilized to separate the signal pulses created from the mixed radiation field of the PuBe source. Two candidate mixtures were selected for solidification with elastomers for their verified neutron detection capabilities. The solid detectors measured high energy neutrons and gamma rays from the PuBe source. The solidified detectors have a Figure of Merit for separating neutrons of 0.859 ±0.419 and cost $0.13 per gram, while commercially available stilbene separates neutrons from gammas with a Figure of Merit of 4.70 and costs $64.36 per gram. This research shows that it is feasible to create affordable solid organic scintillators sensitive to high energy neutrons.

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Книги з теми "SoLi∂ detector"

Elisabetta, Comini, Faglia Guido, and Sberveglieri G, eds. Solid state gas sensing. New York, NY: Springer, 2009.

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Mandelis, Andreas. Physics, chemistry, and technology of solid state gas sensordevices. New York, NY: Wiley, 1993.

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Roy, Morrison S., ed. Chemical sensing with solid state devices. Boston: Academic Press, 1989.

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Constantinos, Christofides, ed. Physics, chemistry, and technology of solid state gas sensor devices. New York: Wiley, 1993.

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Yin, Zaizhe. Solid state detectors in radiotherapy dosimetry. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 2003.

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Jiří, Janata, and Huber Robert J, eds. Solid state chemical sensors. Orlando, Fla: Academic Press, 1985.

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Shur, Michael S., and Artūras Žukauskas, eds. UV Solid-State Light Emitters and Detectors. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2103-9.

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NATO Advanced Research Workshop (2003 Vilnius, Lithuania). UV solid-state light emitters and detectors. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004.

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T, Moseley P., and Tofield B. C, eds. Solid-state gas sensors. Bristol: A. Hilger, 1987.

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K, Bull R., ed. Solid state nuclear track detection: Principles, methods, and applications. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1987.

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Частини книг з теми "SoLi∂ detector"

Lutz, G., and R. Klanner. "Solid State Detectors." In Particle Physics Reference Library, 137–200. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35318-6_5.

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Lutz, G. "Solid State Detectors." In Detectors for Particles and Radiation. Part 1: Principles and Methods, 107–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03606-4_5.

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Tsai, Hsinhan, Jeremy Tisdale, Shreetu Shrestha, Fangze Liu, and Wanyi Nie. "Emerging Lead-Halide Perovskite Semiconductor for Solid-State Detectors." In Advanced X-ray Detector Technologies, 35–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64279-2_2.

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Shutt, T., N. Wang, B. Ellman, Y. Giraud-Heraud, C. Stubbs, P. D. Barnes, A. Cummings, et al. "Simultaneous Detection of Phonons and Ionization in a 60 g Germanium Detector." In Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences, 497–99. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84888-9_194.

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Ilgner, Christoph J. "New Solid State Detectors." In Handbook of Particle Detection and Imaging, 519–33. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13271-1_21.

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Dennis, P. N. J. "Solid State Photon Detectors." In Photodetectors, 75–108. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2171-2_5.

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Ilgner, Christoph J. "New Solid State Detectors." In Handbook of Particle Detection and Imaging, 669–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93785-4_21.

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Helming, Kurt, and Uwe Preckwinkel. "Texture Analysis with Area Detectors." In Solid State Phenomena, 71–76. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-09-4.71.

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Eickeler, Edgar. "Examination of Contaminated Soils with Detector Tubes." In Contaminated Soil ’90, 829–30. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3270-1_185.

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Herziger, Claudia. "Determination of Contaminants in Water with Detector Tubes." In Contaminated Soil ’90, 803–4. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3270-1_177.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "SoLi∂ detector"

Amzajerdian, Farzin, Brian F. Jones, and Michael J. Kavaya. "Characterization of Semiconductor Detectors for Operation in 2-micron Coherent Lidars." In Coherent Laser Radar. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/clr.1995.wc1.

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Most earlier work on optical heterodyne receivers has concentrated on detection devices operating in the 10-micron region1–4. In view of the growing interest in eye-safe, solid state coherent laser radars using Thulium and Holmium based lasers, we have investigated the heterodyne detection characteristics of room-temperature semiconductor detectors operating in the 2-micron wavelength region. A detector characterization system has been designed and developed at NASA/MSFC that enables the accurate characterization of 2-micron detection devices for evaluating their performance as heterodyne detectors and determining their optimum operating parameters. The measured quantities will provide all the necessary detector parameters for specifying the optimum optical local oscillator power incident on the detector, the detector optimum bias voltage, and the parameters of the detector interface electronics. The detector characterization system is also capable of direct measurement of the detector heterodyne quantum efficiency ηHQE as a function of the IF signal frequency. In a coherent lidar, the signal-to-noise ratio is directly proportional to the detector heterodyne quantum efficiency, therefore knowledge of the detector heterodyne quantum efficiency is necessary for initial calibration of coherent lidars and predicting their performance.

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Killinger, Dennis K. "Advances in 1 to 2 μm Solid-State Lidar/Dial Technology: Laser Sources, Optical Detectors, and Fiber Amplifiers". У Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/orsa.1991.otha1.

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Recently, significant advances have been made in the development of new solid-state Lidar and DIAL systems that operate in the 1 to 2 μm wavelength range. These Lidar/DIAL developments encompass Coherent Heterodyne-detection Doppler Lidar, tunable direct-detection DIAL, Multi-element detector array Lidar sensors, and active laser illuminators for passive focal-plane array IR sensors. The development of these Lidar and DIAL systems is being led by advances in new laser sources, optical detectors, and new optical detection technology. This talk will review some of the recent progress in the following Lidar/DIAL technology areas and speculate on some potential areas of future growth in this field.

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Sugimoto, N., K. Chan, and D. K. Killinger. "Optical design criteria for optimization of Nd:YAG coherent lidar." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1989.thl3.

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Short-wavelength (1-μm) solid state coherent Nd:YAG lidars offer promise for many atmospheric lidar uses. In this paper, the criteria for the optical design for a short-wavelength coherent lidar is discussed based on a numerical simulation including the effects of atmospheric turbulence and the use of heterodyne detector array. Lidar return signals were simulated using an atmospheric backscatter model consisting of randomly distributed point scatterers. The electric field at the telescope and detector surface was calculated using wave propagation theory. The heterodyne detection efficiency and statistics of the detected signal were calculated as a function of range using the simulated speckle pattern at the detector. The speckle averaging effect with the use of a detector array was also evaluated. The optimal design of the lidar optics is discussed using these results, and a qualitative consideration of the effect of atmospheric turbulence is covered. Preliminary calculations indicate that the transverse coherent speckle cell is rather small (1-10 cm) at the shorter wavelength thus limiting the utility of a large telescope area.

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Unz, Ronald J., Donna M. Rogers, Charles Jones, Jay P. McCown, and Charles A. Waggoner. "Use of Lanthanum Bromide Detectors to Augment Site Surveys for Depleted Uranium." In ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59169.

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A variety of systems have now been described for use in surveying sites for anthropogenic radiological contamination. Virtually all of these include use of sodium iodide detectors and register detection data with global positioning satellite data. This paper demonstrates how lanthanum bromide detectors can be used to augment existing field surveys in a manner to reduce uncertainty in areas of low count rates and to discriminate between depleted uranium and naturally occurring uranium. The survey system described is equipped with large (20 × 20 × 100 cm) sodium iodide (Alpha Spectra) and 7.5 × 7.5 cm lanthanum bromide (Saint Gobain) detectors. Additional radiological detection equipment (DigiBase) was obtained from ORTEC with survey data collected in the List Mode. Data collected in surveys were then used to generate digital maps using GeoSoft’s Oasis Montaj. Software has been developed to automatically identify areas of increased count rates using user-defined thresholds. This software can collect the count data for the masked area and generate a composite spectrum that can be compared to a reference spectrum believed to represent an uncontaminated area. Ratios of counts attributed to protactinium-234m (Pa-234m) are compared to counts attributed to Bismuth-214 (Bi-214) for both the composite filed survey spectrum and the reference spectrum. Soil samples have been collected from selected sites over a range of soil and geology types for the purpose of collecting data comparing high purity germanium (HPGe) detector and lanthanum bromide (LaBr) detector spectra. These samples have come from areas believed to be devoid of depleted uranium contamination and from areas expected to have higher concentrations of naturally occurring uranium. A library of HPGe and LaBr spectra have been collected comparing: (1) background soil samples with, (2) spectra from the same samples that have been doped with half the remediation threshold activity of depleted uranium, and (3) the remediation threshold activity of depleted uranium. Ratios of the Pa-234m:Bi-214 for both HPGe and LaBr detectors are provided in this paper. This process can be repeated for any site of interest. Background soil samples can be obtained prior to surveying and an equivalent library of spectral ratios generated. Field data from three different sites will be used to show how LaBr detectors can be effectively used as an infield HPGe surrogate for rapid discrimination between DU contamination and areas of high naturally occurring uranium. Areas of maps of questionable contamination are selected and composite LaBr spectra are generated along with Pa-234m:Bi-214 ratio. This is compared to library data to determine the approximate activity of DU present. All areas suspected of DU contamination can also be selected and excluded from the remainder of map data. A composite spectrum from the areas believed to be uncontaminated can be generated and spectral ratios compared library data for clearance purposes.

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Patterson, Oliver D., Hyoung H. Kang, Jay Strane, Christian Lavoie, Karl Barth, Xu Ouyang, and Kevin Wu. "Detection and Verification of Silicide Pipe Defects on SOI Technology Using Voltage Contrast Inspection." In ISTFA 2007. ASM International, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2007p0270.

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Abstract A methodology for detecting silicide pipes on SOI technology in-line soon after their formation is described. Techniques currently exist to detect pipes in-line, but only much later in the process. This methodology, which is based on voltage contrast inspection of test structures, allows experiments to be completed more quickly providing much faster cycles of learning. Two different test structures are described. The first one was designed for other purposes but was adopted for silicide pipe detection at M1. The second was specially designed and allows pipe detection at silicide anneal, W CMP and M1. A procedure for determining the cause of buried shorts detected by the eS32 is also described. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the benefit of this technique.

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Hara, Kazuhiko. "SOI Pixel Development." In The 23rd International Workshop on Vertex Detectors. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.227.0033.

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Zhang, Zi, Xiaoli Lin, and Bin Hu. "Algorithm design of traffic incident automatic detection based on mobile detection." In 2011 IEEE International Conference on Service Operations and Logistics and Informatics (SOLI). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/soli.2011.5986580.

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Slavinska, Irita, Vladimirs Jemeljanovs, and Maris Ziemelis. "Efficiency of autonomous smoke detectors depending on operation time period." In 22nd International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2023.22.tf210.

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Every year there are a lot of fires in Latvia in the residential sector and in a great number of fires people are killed. Fires often break out in the middle of the night or early in the morning, when people sleep and do not feel smoke starting to spread through housing. Fatal fires are very common fires with a small area of burning when people die inhaling poisonous burning products without even waking up. Thus, the autonomous smoke detector is compulsory equipment that should be in every home. In the event of a fire, it helps inform the inhabitants of the fires that have broken out and provides them with the opportunity to evacuate from filled with smoke rooms in good time. And time shows that smoke detectors are effective means and there are several cases where people have only saved themselves from burning homes due to hearing the sound of the smoke detector. Meanwhile, as the mandatory installation of a smoke detector in each dwelling was introduced, the Latvian State Fire and Rescue Service notes that there are more and more cases where smoke detectors are installed in dwellings, but do not work or perform their primary and sole function – to inform people of the smoke by a high sound signal. The authors of the article examined the reasons for the failure of smoke detectors, which have been identified in other countries and conducted an experiment where the effect of the dirtiness of the smoke detectors on the failure of them when smoke occurs, was checked. As well as a survey among residents of Latvia was conducted regarding whether they had installed smoke detectors in their dwellings, how much and in what rooms the detectors had been installed, what prompted them to purchase smoke detectors, whether before installation people had read the instructions for use and were informed how to correctly install smoke detectors, whether they know that for smoke detector maintenance inspection of them had to be performed and whether people did that. As part of this study, the authors examined how the service time of smoke detectors changes and whether it changes if the smoke detector is operated in different rooms and for different time periods, but their regular cleaning from dust and other dirt is not done. As well as it was checked how quickly the smoke detector would start working if the fire breaks out in the next room and the time for a person to evacuate from those rooms was calculated. The operational efficiency of the autonomous smoke detector was examined and recommendations for effective extension of its operational capacity were put forward.

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ONUKI, Yoshiyuki. "SOI detector developments." In The 20th Anniversary International Workshop on Vertex Detectors. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.137.0043.

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Prosenc, Franja, Nigel Van de Velde, Ivan Jerman, and Janez Langus. "Automated Quantification of Microplastics – Challenges and Opportunities." In Socratic Lectures 7. University of Lubljana Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55295/psl.2022.d12.

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Plastics are an important material with widespread applications. However, their widespread use and poor end-of-life management have led to their extensive environmental pollution. They can be found in oceans, terrestrial ecosystems, and even remote corners of the Earth. Current methods for microplastic quantification and identification require big investments and highly trained personnel to operate the analytical equipment. In this paper, we propose an algorithm-based method for the quantification of microplastics in soil and organic fertilisers. The method is based on image analysis of a thinly spread sample that was heated until microplastics has visually melted. The algorithm-based method was validated with Focal plane array detector-based micro-Fourier-transform infrared imaging (FPA-μFTIR), frequently used in microplastic characterisation. Herein, we present the pre-liminary results of an ongoing study. In a compost sample, five particles were detected with FPA-μFTIR, whereas the algorithm detected eight. The algorithm has difficulties recognising elongated or oddly shaped particles. These were identified as several particles which led to overestimating the number of microplastic particles in the investigated sample. We will continue with further develop-ment of the computer algorithm by using a training set of images which will be quantified using different methods (visual detection by a human operator, FPA-μFTIR). This growing training set will enable us to incorporate machine learning algorithms (neural networks) in the development of a more reliable particle detection algorithm. We expect that environmental monitoring of microplas-tics will be required under future legislation, therefore the development of cheap, user-friendly so-lutions is crucial. Keywords: Machine learning; Algorithm; Infrared spectroscopy; Soil contamination; Organic ferti-lisers; Compost

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Звіти організацій з теми "SoLi∂ detector"

Conrady, Morgan, Markus Bauer, Kyoo Jo, Donald Cropek, and Ryan Busby. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) for determination of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol in volatile emissions from soil disturbance. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42289.

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A method is described here for the concentration and determination of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) from the gaseous phase, with translation to field collection and quantification from soil disturbances in situ. The method is based on the use of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibers for adsorption of volatile chemicals from the vapor phase, followed by desorption into a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) for analysis. The use of a SPME fiber allows simple introduction to the GC-MS without further sample preparation. Several fiber sorbent types were studied and the 50/30 μm DVB/CAR/PDMS was the best performer to maximize the detected peak areas of both analytes combined. Factors such as extraction temperature and time along with desorption temperature and time were explored with respect to analyte recovery. An extraction temperature of 30 ◦C for 10 min, with a desorption temperature of 230 ◦C for 4 min was best for the simultaneous analysis of both geosmin and 2-MIB without complete loss of either one. The developed method was used successfully to measure geosmin and 2-MIB emission from just above disturbed and undisturbed soils, indicating that this method detects both compounds readily from atmospheric samples. Both geosmin and 2-MIB were present as background concentrations in the open air, while disturbed soils emitted much higher concentrations of both compounds. Surprisingly, 2-MIB was always detected at higher concentrations than geosmin, indicating that a focus on its detection may be more useful for soil emission monitoring and more sensitive to low levels of soil disturbance.

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Wagner, Anna, Arthur Gelvin, Jon Maakestad, Thomas Coleman, Dan Forsland, Sam Johansson, Johan Sundin, and Chandler Engel. Initial data collection from a fiber-optic-based dam seepage monitoring and detection system. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/47819.

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Visual inspection is the most used method to detect seepage at dams. Early detection can be difficult with this method, and use of appropriate real time monitoring could significantly increase the chances of recognizing possible failure. Seepages can be identified by analyzing changes in water and soil temperature. Optical fiber placed at the embankment’s downstream toe has been proven to be an efficient means of detecting real time changes at short intervals over several kilometers. This study aims to demonstrate how temperatures measured using fiber optic distributed sensing can be used to monitor seepage at Moose Creek Dam, North Pole, Alaska. The fiber optic cable portion of the monitoring system is installed along a section of the embankment where sand boils have occurred. Though no flood event occurred during this monitoring period, routine pumping tests of nearby relief wells resulted in an increase of soil and water temperature (up to 13°C) along a 100 m section where sand boils were detected during the 2014 flood events. Measurements during a flood event are expected to provide a quantitative assessment of seepage and its rate.

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Maximillian J. Kieba. DIFFERENTIAL SOIL IMPEDANCE OBSTACLE DETECTION. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/812028.

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Maximillian J. Kieba and Christopher J. Ziolkowski. DIFFERENTIAL SOIL IMPEDANCE OBSTACLE DETECTION. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/833263.

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Maximillian J. Kieba and Christopher J. Ziolkowski. DIFFERENTIAL SOIL IMPEDANCE OBSTACLE DETECTION. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/834183.

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Maximillian J. Kieba and Christopher J. Ziolkowski. DIFFERENTIAL SOIL IMPEDANCE OBSTACLE DETECTION. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/837889.

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Maximillian J. Kieba. DIFFERENTIAL SOIL IMPEDANCE OBSTACLE DETECTION. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/823037.

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Maximillian J. Kieba. DIFFERENTIAL SOIL IMPEDANCE OBSTACLE DETECTION. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/823042.

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Maximillian J. Kieba. DIFFERENTIAL SOIL IMPEDANCE OBSTACLE DETECTION. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/823043.

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Maximillian J. Kieba. DIFFERENTIAL SOIL IMPEDANCE OBSTACLE DETECTION. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/823044.

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