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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Solar engines"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 1 серпня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Solar engines"

Luo, Haoyan. "Efficiency Improvement and Key Opportunities of Stirling Engine." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 88 (March 29, 2024): 835–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/jwd1s558.

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Amidst the backdrop of an evolving societal landscape, the impending scarcity of energy resources has intensified the quest for innovative energy solutions. The Stirling engine, conceived by the Scottish clergyman Robert Stirling in 1816, emerges as a promising avenue to address contemporary energy challenges. This external combustion engine operates on the fundamental principle of harnessing work from heat transfer coupled with the expansion and contraction of gases. Its versatility lies in its capability to transmute diverse natural energy sources, ranging from wood and solar radiation to gases, into utilizable mechanical and electrical energy. The potential applications of Stirling engines are vast, encompassing roles as propulsion systems for space exploration, contributors to nuclear power generation, efficient refrigeration devices, and solar energy electricity generators. Nonetheless, the Stirling engine's Achilles' heel remains its suboptimal efficiency. This paper investigates diverse domains to optimize the performance of Stirling engines, shedding light on potential avenues for future research and development with the overarching aim of optimizing this venerable engine's contributions to sustainable energy solutions.

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Badescu, Viorel. "Simulation of a Solar Stirling Engine Operating Under Various Weather Conditions on Mars." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 126, no. 2 (May 1, 2004): 812–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1687796.

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A solar stirling engine based on a horizontal selective flat-plate converter is analyzed in this work. A detailed model for the heat losses towards the atmosphere is presented. The engine’s output power is maximised numerically. The analysis is based on meteorological data measured at Viking Landers sites during clear sky and dust storm conditions. All the computations were performed for a solar collection area similar in size with that of Mars Pathfinder’s Sojourner. The efficiency of converting solar energy into mechanical work at noon is as high as 18%. The power provided by the engine is as high as 16 W during autumn and winter. These results suggest that under the Martian environment the performance of properly designed solar Stirling engines is comparable with that of PV cell power systems.

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Duan, Chen, Shui Ming Shu, Guo Zhong Ding, and Ji Wei Yan. "Preliminary Design and Adiabatic Analysis of a 3kW Free Piston Stirling Engine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 325-326 (June 2013): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.325-326.277.

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In recent years, as one kind of Stirling engines, free piston Stirling engines are attracting world attention. Free piston Stirling engines could be applied to the solar dish system, micro-CHP system and so on. The development of a free piston Stirling engine is discussed in this paper. The ideal adiabatic model is used in the preliminary design of the free piston Stirling engine. The key parameters of the designed engine and the thermodynamic analysis are described in detail. Then the performance of the engine is obtained.

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Dologlonyan, Andrey V., Dmitriy S. Strebkov, and Valeriy T. Matveenko. "Thermodynamic Characteristics of Hybrid Solar Microgas Turbine Plants under Tropical Climate." Elektrotekhnologii i elektrooborudovanie v APK 2, no. 43 (2021): 20–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2658-4859-2021-68-2-20-35.

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The article presents the results obtained during the study of the characteristics of hybrid solar micro-gas turbine units with an integrated parabolocylindrical solar collector. The efficiency of a hybrid solar gas turbine plant depends both on the efficiency of the solar collector and the location of its integration, and on the efficiency of the gas turbine engine. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in studying hybrid solar gas turbine installations based on a parabolocylindrical focusing solar collector in combination with micro-gas turbine engines of various configurations to determine the most suitable match. (Materials and methods) The article considers four basic schemes of gas turbine engines running on organic fuel, their parameters and optimization results. The article presents the main climatic parameters for the study of the focusing solar collector, as well as the parameters of the collector itself and the main dependencies that determine its efficiency and losses. The place of integration of the focusing solar collector into the gas turbine plant was described and justified. (Results and discussion) Hybrid solar micro-gas turbine installations based on micro-gas turbine engines of a simple cycle, a simple cycle with heat recovery, a simple cycle with a turbocharger utilizer, a simple cycle with a turbocharger utilizer and heat recovery for tropical climate conditions were studied on the example of Abu Dhabi. (Conclusions) The most suitable configuration of micro-gas turbine engines for integrating a focusing solar collector is a combination of a simple cycle with a turbocharger utilizer and regeneration. The combination of micro-gas turbine engines of a simple cycle with a turbocharger heat recovery and heat recovery with an integrated focusing solar collector can relatively increase the average annual efficiency of fuel consumption of such installations in a tropical climate by 10-35 percent or more, while maintaining cogeneration capabilities.

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Adkins, Douglas R. "Design Considerations for Heat-Pipe Solar Receivers." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 112, no. 3 (August 1, 1990): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2930476.

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Heat pipes are being developed to transfer solar energy from the focal point of a parabolic dish concentrator to the working fluid of Stirling engines. With these receivers, concentrated solar energy that is absorbed on the concave surface of a dome is removed by the evaporation of liquid sodium on the convex side of the dome. Vaporized sodium then condenses on an engine’s heater tubes and transfers energy to the working fluid of the engine. The condensed sodium returns to the absorber surface where it is redistributed across the dome by the capillary action of a wick. Issues concerning the flow of sodium in a heat-pipe solar receiver are investigated in this paper. A comparison is made between various wick options, and general issues concerning the design of heat-pipe receivers are also discussed.

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Valdès, L. C. "Competitive solar heat engines." Renewable Energy 29, no. 11 (September 2004): 1825–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2004.02.008.

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Reisz, Aloysius I. "To Go Beyond." Mechanical Engineering 130, no. 11 (November 1, 2008): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2008-nov-2.

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This article discusses experiments with an advanced electromagnetic engine that aims for high-speed, long-distance transportation to reach farther into space. Experimental work at Marshall Space Flight Center in Alabama is attempting to develop an electromagnetic engine designed to achieve higher velocities than current space-engine options and to last longer, too. Space engines with higher specific impulse will sense new science from deep space exploration quicker. In a way, higher specific impulse quickens our intelligence acquisition. Reisz Engineers and the University of Michigan are investigating the propulsive performances of an experimental advanced electromagnetic engine configuration. This electromagnetic propulsion configuration has a magnetic nozzle and the engine performance can be throttled. Electromagnetic propulsion systems can also be configured for operations in Earth space environment, and for lunar robotic and lunar mapping missions. Electromagnetic and fusion space engines promise fast and reliable propulsion systems, which will be needed if mankind is to pursue its exploration of the outer realms of our solar system and beyond.

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Tailer, Peter. "Stirling Machines." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 7, no. 4 (August 1989): 262–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014459878900700405.

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The operation of a basic Stirling engine is explained along with the theoretical advantages of these engines compared to other energy conversion devices. Some recent research and development programs are briefly described which have produced or evaluated Stirling engines for automobiles, submarines, space vehicles, and solar thermal electricity generation. Smaller engines include one designed to power an artificial human heart. Stirling coolers, heat pumps, and other devices may contribute to more efficient energy use.

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Topgül, Tolga. "Design, Manufacturing, and Thermodynamic Analysis of a Gamma-type Stirling Engine Powered by Solar Energy." Strojniški vestnik - Journal of Mechanical Engineering 68, no. 12 (January 4, 2023): 757–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5545/sv-jme.2022.368.

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Stirling engines are external combustion engines. This feature eliminates the possible dependency of the engine on a specific energy resource and allows it to work with diverse energy sources, especially solar and other renewable energy sources. Also, Stirling engines could be built in different configurations that have a significant impact on the engine performance. With these aspects, Stirling engines have attracted the attention of researchers. In this study, firstly, a double-cylinder V-type air compressor has been converted to a gamma-type Stirling engine. The block, cylinders, connecting rods, and the crank mechanism of the compressor have been used in the converted engine. For this reason, the air compressor has determined some features of the Stirling engine, such as phase angle, strokes, and cylinder diameter. Other parts of the engine, such as piston, cylinder head, displacer, and displacer cylinder have been manufactured. Secondly, the optimum operating parameters to provide maximum thermal efficiency have been investigated using the nodal thermodynamic analysis considering that the engine is powered by solar energy. In the analysis, helium as the working fluid is used due to its suitable thermodynamic features and safety usage. The optimum working fluid mass and engine speed have been determined as 0.15 g and 100 rad/s for all temperatures (750, 800, and 850 K). Also, the optimum displacer height has been preferred as 190 mm since there is no significant improvement in the thermal efficiency after this dimension. The maximum thermal efficiency has been obtained as 46.5%.

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Geok Pheng, Liaw, Rosnani Affandi, Mohd Ruddin Ab Ghani, Chin Kim Gan, and Jano Zanariah. "Stirling Engine Technology for Parabolic Dish-Stirling System Based on Concentrating Solar Power (CSP)." Applied Mechanics and Materials 785 (August 2015): 576–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.785.576.

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Solar energy is one of the more attractive renewable energy sources that can be used as an input energy source for heat engines. In fact, any heat energy sources can be used with the Stirling engine. Stirling engines are mechanical devices working theoretically on the Stirling cycle, or its modifications, in which compressible fluids, such as air, hydrogen, helium, nitrogen or even vapors, are used as working fluids. When comparing with the internal combustion engine, the Stirling engine offers possibility for having high efficiency engine with less exhaust emissions. However, this paper analyzes the basic background of Stirling engine and reviews its existing literature pertaining to dynamic model and control system for parabolic dish-stirling (PD) system.

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Дисертації з теми "Solar engines"

Gaitan, Carlos. "Rural electrification in Bolivia through solar powered Stirling engines." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-148079.

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This study focuses on the rural areas of Bolivia. The village investigated is assumed to have 70 households and one school. Electrical supply will be covered with the help of solar powered Stirling engines. A Stirling engine is an engine with an external heat source, which could be fuel or biomass for example. The model calculates the electrical demand for two different cases. One low level demand and one high level demand. By studying the total electrical demand of the village, the model can calculate a sizing for the Stirling system. However, for the sizing to be more accurate, more research needs to be done with regards to the demand of the village and the incoming parameters of the model.
Den här studien fokuserar på landsbygden i Bolivia. En by som antas ha 70 hushåll och en skola är det som ligger till grund för studien. Byn ska försörjas med el med hjälp av soldrivna Stirling motorer. En Stirling motor är en motor som drivs med en extern värmekälla. Denna värmekälla kan vara exempelvis biomassa eller annan bränsle. Modellen som tas fram i projektet beräknar elektricitetsbehovet för byn för två nivåer, ett lågt elbehov och ett högt elbehov. Genom att studera det totala elbehovet över dagen kan modellen beräkna fram en storlek för Stirling systemet. För att ge mer noggranna svar, krävs dock att forskning utförs i byn som ska försörjas. Dessutom krävs en mer noggrann information om de ingående parametrarna i modellen.

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Clark, David Anthony. "High performance heat engines for solar and biomass applications." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1993. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/226903/1/T%28BE%26E%29%20375_Clark_1993.pdf.

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Generation systems which are fuelled by renewable energy sources, such as solar and biomass, are the environmentally-preferred option for the production of electricity and heat. This study examines the technical and economic feasibility of small-scale (less than 1 MW) renewable generation systems based on a steam-driven engine. Specifically, the study investigates the thermodynamic and mechanical design of the engine. The theory of engine operation is presented in Chapter 3 of this thesis. A computor model of the engine was used to predict the performance of different engine configurations. The model, although thermodynamically correct, did not consider the effect of valve dynamics on engine performance. Appendix 1 contains sample engine analyses based on the theory of engine operation. From the calculations, it can be seen that valve dynamics has a significant effect on engine throughput, efficiency and operating pressure. For a given engine configuration with set mass flow and thermal input, valve dynamics alters inlet valve timing and delays closure. This causes a reduction in efficiency and peak operating pressure. The suitability of ceramics or hardened-tool steels as steam inlet valves is discussed in Chapter 4. A magnesia partially-stabilised zirconia ball was tested for several hours in a single-cylinder engine. A purpose-built engine test facility was used to obtain data on the variation in the cylinder pressure throughout an engine cycle. The experimental work highlighted several areas associated with the design of the inlet valve and steam supply system where improvements could be made. During tests, the engine was able to achieve conversion efficiencies greater than 20% heat-in to shaft-out. A solar or biomass-fired generation facility can be operated and maintained by persons with basic technical skills and requires less maintenance and attention than diesel generators. Based on the cunent engine efficiency and the eff ectiveness of other system c_omponents, the expected overall economics of engine-based power generation compares favourably with the traditional diesel-based systems currently used in remote areas of Australia and overseas.

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Tegeder, Troy. "Development of an efficient solar powered unmanned aerial vehicle with an onboard solar tracker /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1723.pdf.

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Gohary, Mohamed Morsy Abdel Meguid Salama el. "Diesel engines and solar energy for electric and cooling applications." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=973168242.

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Kheder, Abdul-Sameei Yaseen. "Starting high inertia, high friction loads from limited power sources." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184455.

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At starting, electrical motors require large power and current. This may not be a problem in a large electrical system but it may be very severe for a limited power source like a solar array. If a direct approach is taken the array rating must be 5-6 times the motor rating in order to start the motor and its high inertia high friction load. Batteries have been used to store energy and supply that energy for starting. Batteries need maintenance and their low efficiency is a problem too. In this study a new type of controller has been suggested and developed for the use with D.C. motors. Computer simulation showed promising results. The controller uses the array power, which is equal to the rated power of the motor, for starting and for running condition. Experimental results showed that the theoretical results are applicable.

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Naddeo, Massimo. "Test and development of a solar-hybrid vehicle prototype and turbo-compressor model for automotive engines." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/2205.

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2014 - 2015
In last decade, Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) have emerged as real alternatives to engine-driven vehicles, in order to reduce fuel consumption and emissions.... [edited by author]
XIV n.s.

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Howard, Dustin F. "Modeling, simulation, and analysis of grid connected dish-stirling solar power plants." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/34832.

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The percentage of renewable energy within the global electric power generation portfolio is expected to increase rapidly over the next few decades due to increasing concerns about climate change, fossil fuel costs, and energy security. Solar thermal energy, also known as concentrating solar power (CSP), is emerging as an important solution to new demands for clean, renewable electricity generation. Dish-Stirling (DS) technology, a form of CSP, is a relatively new player in the renewable energy market, although research in the technology has been ongoing now for nearly thirty years. The first large plant utilizing DS technology, rated at 1.5 MW, came online in January 2010 in Peoria, AZ, and plants rated for several hundred MW are in the planning stages. Increasing capacity of this technology within the utility grid requires extensive dynamic simulation studies to ensure that the power system maintains its safety and reliability in spite of the technological challenges that DS technology presents, particularly related to the intermittency of the energy source and its use of a non-conventional asynchronous generator. The research presented in this thesis attempts to fill in the gaps between the well established research on Stirling engines in the world of thermodynamics and the use of DS systems in electric power system applications, a topic which has received scant attention in publications since the emergence of this technology. DS technology uses a paraboloidal shaped dish of mirrors to concentrate sunlight to a single point. The high temperatures achieved at the focal point of the mirrors is used as a heat source for the Stirling engine, which is a closed-cycle, external heat engine. Invented by the Scottish clergyman Robert Stirling in 1816, the Stirling engine is capable of high efficiency and releases no emissions, making it highly compatible with concentrated solar energy. The Stirling engine turns a squirrel-cage induction generator, where electricity is delivered through underground cables from thousands of independent, autonomous 10-25 kW rated DS units in a large solar farm. A dynamic model of the DS system is presented in this thesis, including models of the Stirling engine working gas and mechanical dynamics. Custom FORTRAN code is written to model the Stirling engine dynamics within PSCAD/EMTDC. The Stirling engine and various other components of the DS system are incorporated into an electrical network, including first a single-machine, infinite bus network, and then a larger 12-bus network including conventional generators, loads, and transmission lines. An analysis of the DS control systems is presented, and simulation results are provided to demonstrate the system's steady state and dynamic behavior within these electric power networks. Potential grid interconnection requirements are discussed, including issues with power factor correction and low voltage ride-through, and simulation results are provided to illustrate the dish-Stirling system's capability for meeting such requirements.

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Dentello, Rodrigo Orefise. "Estudo de geração de energia elétrica em motores stirling acionados por biogás e/ou energia solar /." Guaratinguetá, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151835.

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Orientador: Jose Luz Silveira
Coorientadora: Eliana Vieira Canettieri
Coorientador: Antonio Wagner Forti
Banca: Nestor proenza Pérez
Banca: Ederaldo Godoy Junior
Resumo: O motor Stirling é um motor de combustão externa que opera com diferenças de temperaturas, produzindo trabalho mecânico e eletricidade. Esse tipo de motor opera em um ciclo fechado, que através do uso de uma fonte quente e uma fria, expande e comprime um fluido de trabalho (ar, hélio ou hidrogênio, dentre os mais comuns), fornecendo assim o movimento de um pistão. Pode operar com calor residual e também com a queima de qualquer tipo de combustível (gás natural, diesel, gasolina, etc). Essa tecnologia tem se destacado para o desenvolvimento de sistemas que operam com biocombustíveis (biogás e syngas) e com energias renováveis, como por exemplo, caso de uso de concentradores solares. Este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar as performances termodinâmica, econômica e ambiental de um sistema Stirling operando com sistema de alimentação a biogás e energia solar, aplicado para a geração de energia elétrica descentralizada. São realizados estudos dos aspectos termodinâmicos do ciclo Stirling, com foco no funcionamento e no trabalho do motor. São efetuadas análises técnicas do sistema operando com câmara de combustão a biogás e utilizando energia de concentrador solar parabólico. Em etapa final são analisados e comparados os aspectos econômicos e ambientais do sistema acionado por biogás e energia solar. Os resultados obtidos mostraram pela teoria de Schmidt uma eficiência do motor Stirling de 67%. Da análise econômica, fica evidente que um maior número de horas de operação corrobora ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The Stirling engine is an external combustion engine that operates at varying temperatures, producing mechanical work or electricity. This type of engine operates in a closed cycle, which through the use of a hot and cold source expands and compresses a working fluid (air, helium or hydrogen, among the most common), thus providing the movement of a piston. It can operate with residual heat and also with the burning of any type of fuel (natural gas, diesel, gasoline, etc.). This technology has been outstanding for the development of hybrid systems that operate with biofuels (biogas and syngas) and with renewable energies, as for example, case of use of solar concentrators. This work aims to study the thermodynamic, economic and environmental performances of a Stirling system operating with a biogas and solar energy supply system, applied for the generation of decentralized electric energy. Studies are carried out on the thermodynamic aspects of the Stirling cycle, focusing on the operation and work of the engine. Technical analysis of the system is carried out using a biogas combustion chamber and using parabolic solar concentrator energy. In the final stage are analyzed and compared the economic and environmental aspects of the system activated by biogas and solar energy. The results showed that through the thermodynamic analysis by the Schmidt theory, a Stirling engine efficiency of 67% was obtained. From the economic analysis, it is evident that a greater number of hours of operation corroborates with economic viability. As for the environmental aspects, the ecological efficiency value of the Stirling engine operating biogas is 98.02%. In the case of the solar system using concentrator to power the Stirling engine, the ecological efficiency indicates is about 98%. It is concluded that the use of renewable sources, allow good levels of efficiency of electric power ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre

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McHugh, Megan. "Solar Powered Stirling Engine." The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623462.

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Sustainable Built Environments Senior Capstone Project
This paper provides a study on the configuration of Stirling engines and the effect using a solar dish as a heat source on efficiency. The Stirling engine was based on the MIT 2.670 design - a Gamma configuration, low temperature differential Stirling engine. Temperature and speed were measured for the base model Stirling engine to determine the initial efficiency. Modifications were planned to add a parabolic mirror as a solar dish and compare the efficiency to the initial design, however, the completed solar Stirling engine testing and data collection is to be performed in the following summer. The work performed by the engine was to be calculated using the Schmidt formula to then find the power output. Results from the completion of this study would indicate how the solar dish effects the power output of the Stirling engine.

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Ghaem, Sigarchian Sara. "Modeling and Analysis of a Hybrid Solar-Dish Brayton Engine." Thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-104425.

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Книги з теми "Solar engines"

Fujii, Iwane. From solar energy to mechanicalpower. Chur: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1990.

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Fujii, Iwane. From solar energy to mechanical power. Chur: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1990.

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M, Savino Joseph, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. A program for advancing the technology of space concentrators. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1989.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Concentration of off-axis radiation by solar concentrators for space power. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1989.

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R, Secunde Richard, Lovely Ronald G, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Solar dynamic power for Space Station Freedom. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1989.

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Dzhumanaliev, N. D. Vvedenie v prikladnui͡u︡ radiat͡s︡ionnui͡u︡ nebesnui͡u︡ mekhaniku. Frunze: Izd-vo "Ilim", 1986.

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M, Friefeld Jerry, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Solar dynamic power system definition study: Final report. Canoga Park, Calif: Rocketdyne Division, Rockwell International Corporation, 1988.

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Röbke-Doerr, Peter. Energía solar: Construcción y montaje de equipos para aplicaciones eléctricas. Barcelona: Ediciones CEAC, 1996.

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Shaltens, Richard K. Overview of the solar dynamic ground test demonstration program. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1993.

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Частини книг з теми "Solar engines"

Vos, A. "How to Unify Solar Energy Converters and Carnot Engines." In Thermodynamic Optimization of Complex Energy Systems, 345–62. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4685-2_26.

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Bellanca, Nicolò, and Luca Pardi. "Risorse e popolazione umana." In Studi e saggi, 21–45. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-195-2.06.

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The history of the genus Homo, and of the sapiens species in particular, is different from that of other species due to the extreme importance of cultural evolution compared to biological evolution. But from the discovery of how to use fire and generate it, up to the invention of the steam engine, man essentially lives, like the other organisms of the biosphere, on the energy flow guaranteed by solar radiation. With the encounter between machines and fossil fuels and the entry into the era of engines, the rules of the game change radically, and the activities of Homo sapiens change in extent and intensity, in such a way as to progressively reduce the living space of all other animal and plant species, except for the allied and commensal ones. The global industrialized society arising from the meeting between machines and fossil sources is presently facing two fundamental difficulties: the gradual saturation of terrestrial ecosystems with the waste of social and economic metabolism, and the finiteness of fossil energy sources, which are not easy replacement due to their special chemical-physical properties.

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Hafner, Manfred, Pier Paolo Raimondi, and Benedetta Bonometti. "Low-Carbon Energy Strategies in MENA Countries." In The Energy Sector and Energy Geopolitics in the MENA Region at a Crossroad, 175–261. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30705-8_4.

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AbstractThe chapter provides an analysis of the different strategies envisaged by each MENA country regarding the low-carbon energy transformation, mainly in the field of renewable energy sources. By examining the different national strategies, the chapter outlines how they depend on different level of commitments, ambitions and preferences regarding renewable energy sources and project size. Given their high potential, all MENA countries are considering solar projects, and to some extent wind projects (for example in Morocco and Egypt). The transformation of the global energy system and the internal challenges in MENA countries are the driving engines in the energy sector of these countries, though at varying speed depending also on their hydrocarbon endowment (or lack thereof).

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Hayton, Mark. "Marine Electrification is the Future: A Tugboat Case Study." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 868–79. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6138-0_77.

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AbstractIncreased emissions regulations, global volatility of petroleum supply chains, and a significant push to source energy from renewable and sustainable sources encourages companies and governments to move away from petroleum-based products. Research was conducted on the efficiencies and optimal operating parameters of internal combustion engines and electric motors, exposing situations where each would be best utilized given current energy infrastructure. To support the claim of partially electrified solutions for inland waterway vessels, an in-depth analysis was conducted for an inland waterway tugboat with a rated engine of 1800 kW. The unique operating parameters for tugboats make them prime candidates for plug-in-hybrid propulsion solutions. In this case, the 1800 kW rated tugboat operates at 360 kW or less 87% of the time. This means that most of the operating profile requires a very large engine to be running at low loads, wasting fuel. Proposing electric propulsion for operating modes that require 360 kW or less yields a 62% decrease in fuel consumption. Plug-in hybrid propulsion solutions allow for vessels to plug-in to charging stations after the completion of each voyage. Renewable sources like wind and solar, among others, directly feed the grid, permitting more flexibility in the move for sustainability. New developments in battery technology, require regulatory oversight to maintain safety compliance, specifically regarding the standardization of charging plugs and fire suppression systems for lithium-ion batteries. Implementing charging stations at frequented mooring locations will open the door for sustainable technology, like electrified propulsion solutions, to permeate the inland waterway infrastructure.

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McMordie, Robert K., Mitchel C. Brown, and Robert S. Stoughton. "Stirling Engine Solar Power Systems." In Solar Energy Fundamentals, 87–92. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203739204-11.

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Saxena, Shakti, and Rahul. "Portable Solar Stirling Engine." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 279–86. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1894-2_23.

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Kreider, Jan F. "Solar Energy Applications." In Mechanical Engineers' Handbook, 663–701. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0471777471.ch20.

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Hassan, Hamdy, and Tamer F. Megahed. "Solar Cell Modeling." In Computing and Simulation for Engineers, 1–18. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003222255-1.

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Roberts, Paul H. "The Solar Dynamo." In The Solar Engine and Its Influence on Terrestrial Atmosphere and Climate, 1–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79257-1_1.

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Michel, H., and E. Melchior. "200 kW Stirling Engine for SSP Module; Solar Stirling Receiver Concepts." In Solar Thermal Energy Utilization, 269–367. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-52340-3_5.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Solar engines"

Archibald, John P. "Design and Construction of Solar Thermal Tile Systems for Stand-By Heating of Emergency Diesel Generators." In ASME Solar 2002: International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sed2002-1029.

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Emergency diesel generators in outdoor enclosures use large amounts of electric resistance heat to keep the engines warm all year. The heat is delivered to the jacket water of the engine by means of an electric resistance cartridge heater. For mid sized generators (150 KW – 1,000 KW) the annual electric use to deliver 130 degree F water can be 10,000 to 30,000 kwhr in a climate zone with 4,000 heating degree days (65 F base). An alternative to electric heating of the jacket water, is to solar heat the enclosure with 110 F air. This reduces the heat loss from the engine and therefore reduces the demand on the electric resistance heater. The paper describes the opportunity for solar air heating of emergency generators and the design and construction of two ground mounted systems and one solar heating building at the US Geological Survey in Reston, VA.

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Diver, Richard B., James E. Miller, Mark D. Allendorf, Nathan P. Siegel, and Roy E. Hogan. "Solar Thermochemical Water-Splitting Ferrite-Cycle Heat Engines." In ASME 2006 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2006-99147.

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Thermochemical cycles are a type of heat engine that utilize high-temperature heat to produce chemical work. Like their mechanical work-producing counterparts, their efficiency depends on operating temperature and on the irreversibilities of their internal processes. With this in mind, we have invented innovative design concepts for two-step solar-driven thermochemical heat engines based on iron oxide and iron oxide mixed with other metal oxides (ferrites). These concepts utilize two sets of moving beds of ferrite reactant material in close proximity and moving in opposite directions to overcome a major impediment to achieving high efficiency – thermal recuperation between solids in efficient counter-current arrangements. They also provide inherent separation of the product hydrogen and oxygen and are an excellent match with high-concentration solar flux. However, they also impose unique requirements on the ferrite reactants and materials of construction as well as an understanding of the chemical and cycle thermodynamics. In this paper, the Counter-Rotating-Ring Receiver/Reactor/Recuperator (CR5) solar thermochemical heat engine concept is introduced and its basic operating principals are described. Preliminary thermal efficiency estimates are presented and discussed. Our results and development approach are also outlined.

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Holtz, R. E., and K. L. Uherka. "Reliability Study of Stirling Engines for Solar-Dish/Heat Engine Systems." In 22nd Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1987-9414.

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Zhang, Houcheng, Lanmei Wu, and Guoxing Lin. "Performance Optimization and Parametric Analysis of a Class of Solar-Driven Heat Engines." In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90409.

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A class of solar-driven heat engines is modeled as a combined system consisting of a solar collector and a unified heat engine, in which muti-irreversibilities including not only the finite rate heat transfer and the internal irreversibility, but also radiation-convection heat loss from the solar collector to the ambience are taken into account. The maximum overall efficiency of the system, the optimal operating temperature of the solar collector, the optimal temperatures of the working fluid and the optimal ratio of heat transfer areas are calculated by using numerical calculation method. The influences of radiation-convection heat loss of the collector and internal irreversibility on the cyclic performances of the solar-driven heat engine system are revealed. The results obtained in the present paper are more general than those in literature and the performance characteristics of several solar-driven heat engines such as Carnot, Brayton, Braysson and so on can be directly derived from them.

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Murali Krishna, B., and J. M. Mallikarjuna. "Renewable Biodiesel From CSO: A Fuel Option for Diesel Engines." In ASME 2006 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2006-99051.

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The petroleum-based fuels are limited reserve fuels, with our present known reserves and the growing rate of consumption, it is feared that they are not going to last long. These finite resources of petroleum and highly concentrated in certain regions of the world has given rise to frequent disruptions and uncertainties in its supply and as well as price. This situation has created a problem to increase the prices of these oils. The growing dependence on oil has created great scarcities and hardships with serious economic imbalance. A part from the problem of fast vanishing reserves, Petroleum fueled vehicles discharge significant amount of pollutants. In view of these problems attempts must be made to develop the technology of alternate clean burning fuels. The alternative, which satisfies all these requirements, is bio-diesel. Bio-diesel is methyl or ethyl ester of fatty acid made from virgin or used vegetable oils (both edible and non-edible) and animal fat, by converting the triglyceride oils to methyl (or ethyl) esters with a process known as transesterification. Bio-fuels are important now and offer increase in potential for the future. This paper consists two phases. The phase one dealt with preparation of bio-diesel from Cotton Seed Oil (C.S.O), which is available at cheaper price, as it is byproduct from cotton industries. Its properties were determined experimentally and compared with the conventional diesel fuel. The second phase dealt with conduction of experiments on a single cylinder, 4-stroke, direct injection Diesel Engine without modifications at constant speed 1500 rpm for various loads using 100% bio-diesel and conventional diesel fuel. It noticed that, the performance of the engine is not severely deviated by the substituted renewable biodiesel inaddition considerable decrease in smoke level. It is concluding that the biodiesel is superior fuel from the environmental and performance point of view, addition to this reducing the import of oil and consequentially improving energy security as a renewable alternate fuel.

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Haviv, Shimry, Natali Revivo, Nimrod Kruger, and Carmel Rotschild. "Luminescent solar power: Quantum separation between free-energy and heat for cost-effective base-load solar energy generation (Conference Presentation)." In Photonic Heat Engines: Science and Applications II, edited by Richard I. Epstein, Denis V. Seletskiy, and Mansoor Sheik-Bahae. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2544885.

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Rizzo, Gianfranco, Cecilia Pisanti, Mario D'Agostino, and Massimo Naddeo. "Driver Intention Analysis for a Through-the-Road Solar Hybridized Car." In 11th International Conference on Engines & Vehicles. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2013-24-0079.

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Stone, Kenneth W., Eric Leingang, Gerry Rodriguez, Jonathan Paisley, Jean-Paul Nguyen, Dr Thomas Mancini, and Hans Nelving. "Performance of the SES/Boeing Dish Stirling System." In ASME 2001 Solar Engineering: International Solar Energy Conference (FORUM 2001: Solar Energy — The Power to Choose). American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sed2001-113.

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Abstract The operation of Stirling Energy Systems’ Stirling Dish system and components, originally built and tested during the mid 1980s by McDonnell Douglas [Lopez, 1993] and operated in the Department of Energy Dish Engine Critical Components (DECC) Program since 1998 is presented in this paper. The operating time, performance, and system availability are presented. The data show that the Kockums Stirling engine has accumulated over 8,200 hours of on-sun operating time, has generated over 115 MWh of electrical energy, and has accumulated more than 15,000 hours of test cell operating time since April of 1998 in the DECC Program. Power measurements indicate that the system performs the same as it did in the 1980s. The daily energy plots show net energy efficiency between 24% to 27% when the daily energy available exceeds 600 kWh. System availability data during the 1998/1999 testing period shows that the system was available over 94% of the time when the insolation exceeded 300 W/m2. The data presented herein focuses on three power conversion units (PCUs) and two solar concentrators, which are tested in various combinations and as individual system components. During later parts of the testing cycle, one of the engines, PCU 209, included newly manufactured Stirling engine components (regenerators and coolers) as part of a manufacturing cost reduction program.

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Coraggio, Gaetano, Gianfranco Rizzo, Cecilia Pisanti, and Adolfo Senatore. "Energy Management and Control of a Moving Solar Roof for a Vehicle." In 10th International Conference on Engines & Vehicles. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2011-24-0072.

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Kalathakis, C., N. Aretakis, I. Roumeliotis, A. Alexiou, and K. Mathioudakis. "Investigation of Different Solar Hybrid Gas Turbines and Exploitation of Rejected Sun Power." In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-57700.

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Solar hybrid gas turbine performance is studied through consideration of four engine configurations: a) single shaft, b) recuperated single-shaft, c) twin-shaft and d) two-spool three-shaft, intercooled, recuperated. For each configuration and for the same design point, the performance is obtained for two hybridization schemes: Fuel only engines Retrofitted for Solar operation (FRS) and engines designed with Solar only operation at the Design Point (SDP). In an attempt to further improve the benefits of hybridization, the concept of a Dual Fluid Receiver for exploiting the rejected solar power, during sunny hours with high irradiation, is demonstrated. Steam is produced by focusing the defocused mirrors of the heliostat field to a second receiver and injected into the combustion chamber. For the cases examined, it can be concluded that FRS engines show better performance than SDP ones, since they exhibit higher thermal fuel efficiency and higher specific power. Concerning the configurations, an annual fuel saving of ∼35% and an annual output reduction, ranging from 4% for the recuperated single-shaft configuration to 9% for the twin shaft configuration compared to the corresponding fuel-only engines is demonstrated. The inclusion of a Dual Fluid Receiver in an FRS engine removes the power penalty while it maintains the fuel saving benefit.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Solar engines"

Renk, K., Y. Jacques, C. Felts, and A. Chovit. Holographic Solar Energy Concentrators for Solar Thermal Rocket Engines. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada198807.

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Thomas, Tucker, and Cowell. PR-283-10204-R01 Prevent Variable Guide Vane Lock-up - Solar Gas Turbines with Intermittent Operation. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010856.

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A study was completed to demonstrate that a guide vane field refurbishment process and improved maintenance practices are effective at preventing corrosion and lock-up of the guide vanes of Solar�s Taurus 60-7802S gas turbine operated in intermittent duty. A Taurus 60 engine located at Dominion�s Crayne compressor station was refurbished and operated over a five year period using maintenance practices to slow the build-up of corrosion. The visible condition of the VGV assembly on this Test Unit was monitored and the guide vane actuator force measured to assess if corrosion build-up was occurring. A second co-located Taurus 60 served as a Control Unit to validate that the environment and operating profile were conducive to corrosion build-up. The Control Unit was not modified with the exception that electric actuators were installed on both units so that the VGV actuator force could be measured. The engines logged over 18,000 hours of operation during the test period after which, both units were pulled for overhaul. A detailed inspection and assessment was completed with extensive photographic documentation of the condition of the hardware. The actuator force measured during the start sequence for each of the engines was compared. The Test Unit actuator force varied from 180 to 265 lbf, while the Control Unit had a considerably larger variation of 170 to 315 lbf. The Control Unit suffered a guide vane lock-up event in June of 2014.

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Boehm, R. Maximum performance of solar heat engines: discussion of thermodynamic availability and other second law considerations and their implications. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5244073.

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Courtright, E. CRADA with EPRI, Allied Signal, Solar Turbines, Howmet Corporation and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNL-079): Innovative Multilayer Barrier Coatings for Turbine Engines. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/770367.

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Taylor. L51755 Development and Testing of an Advanced Technology Vibration Transmission. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), July 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010124.

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Fiber optic sensors have been under development in industrial and government laboratories around the world for over a decade. The commercial market for fiber sensors for measuring parameters such as temperature, displacement, and liquid level is now estimated to exceed $100 M/year. Aside from the commercial interest, the U. S. Department of Defense has vigorously pursued the development of fiber gyroscopes and hydrophones. In spite of the high level of research and development activity, however, until recently fiber sensors had not been successfully applied in high-temperature engine environments. The goal of this effort is to develop and test high-temperature fiber optic sensors and show that they are suitable for monitoring vibration and other instabilities in gas turbine engines. The underlying technology developed during the course of PRCI projects PR- 219-9120 and PR-219-9225 during 1991-94 serves as the foundation for PR-240-9416. Transducers with the fiber optic Fabry-Perot interferometer (FFPI) configuration have been adapted for use in the turbomachinery environment.To ensure the survival of the FFPI sensors at high temperatures, two techniques for coating the fibers with metal have been developed: electroplating and vacuum deposition. Coated sensors have subsequently been embedded in aluminum and brass alloys. Experiments on a small Sargent Welch turbine engine have shown the high sensitivity of embedded FFPI strain sensors to vibration in rolling bearings. Data have been collected in both the time and frequency domain. A new accelerometer design in which a metal-coated fiber containing the FFPI element is soldered directly to a diaphragm in a stainless steel housing shows response similar to a piezoelectric accelerometer in shaker table tests. The high sensitivity of the FFPI accelerometer has been demonstrated in field tests in a Solar Centaur turbine engine, and the design has survived temperatures greater than 500�C in a test oven. A magnetometer with a physical configuration similar to that of the accelerometer has been used to measure the distance from the sensor head to a rotating shaft made of ferromagnetic material. This device, which functions as a proximity probe, has been used to monitor shaft rotation rate (keyphasor application) and as a shaft thrust position sensor. These results indicate the potential for performing critical measurements in turbine engines with FFPI sensors. They can measure acceleration, distance (proximity), strain (as it relates to bearing defect diagnosis), and gas pressure, and can operate at higher temperatures than conventional transducers.

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Cowell. PR-283-10214-R01 Improved Part Load Efficiency of Solar DLE Units. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), May 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010792.

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The report describes a modification to a Solar Turbine Mars 16000SA low NOx engine that improvise part load efficiency and increases engine turndown. Obtaining a copy of this report requires the execution of a non-disclosure agreement with Solar Turbines.

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Author, Not Given. Solar dish engine. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1216668.

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Author, Not Given. Solar dish/engine systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/654075.

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Cooke. L51783 100000 Hour Design Life of Turbo Compressor Packages. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), January 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010340.

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The gas pipeline industry continues to respond to the challenges of competitive markets and the need to manage the cost of service effectively. A major cost element being reviewed by the industry is the operating and maintenance expense for its fleet of older turbo compressor units. Many turbo-machinery manufacturers and operators typically quote 100,000 hours as a design limit for service life of turbo compressor components. The Pipeline Research Committee initiated this study to review the life limiting criteria for certain critical components and determine if the design target of 100,000 hours can be safely and reliably met or extended with special component management practices. The first phase of the project was to select the turbomachinery components that would be included in the review. Committee members were surveyed with a detailed questionnaire designed to identify critical components based on: high hours (eg. at or approaching 100,000 hours), the most common engine types operated by the member organizations, and the components of greatest concern from a risk and expense point of view. The selection made covers a wide range of engine types that are of interest to most of the committee companies. This selection represents some 78% of the "high hour" units operated by the committee and includes components from GE Frame 3 and Frame 5, Solar Saturn, Rolls Royce Avon, and Cooper RT56 engines. The report goes into detail regarding the various damage mechanisms which can be the main life limiting factor of the component; creep, fatigue, environmental attack, wear and microstructure instability. For each of the component types selected, the study identifies the life limiting criteria and outlines how the components may be managed for extended life. Many of the selected components can be reliably operated beyond 100,000 hours by following the management practices set out in the report. The decision to continue to operate components or replace with new components is usually based on either a predetermined engineering life limit or retirement for cause. Operating life limits are based on engineering calculations that establish the component life, beyond which the risk of failure is high. Such limits assume a standard, or most often, a worst case set of operating conditions to be conservative for all types of service. Retirement for cause is based on specific inspection techniques applied at appropriate intervals to ensure that damage below a defined limit is identified and the parts are then removed for either refurbishment or retirement.

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Stearns, J. Stirling engine alternatives for the terrestrial solar application. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5172329.

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