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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Solar energy Law and legislation"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 29 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Solar energy Law and legislation"

TYMOSHENKO, Kateryna. "Critical analysis of regulatory and legal support of accounting at green energy enterprises of Ukraine." Naukovi pratsi NDFI 2022, no. 1 (August 25, 2022): 122–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33763/npndfi2022.01.122.

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In the current state of Ukraine's martial law, the issue of energy autonomy is becoming extremely important, and renewable energy, especially solar, is one of the key tools in achieving this goal. An important role in stimulating the creation of new solar power plants, as well as the most productive activities of existing ones, is played by the proper regulatory and methodological support of accounting at SPP. The current legislative provision of cost accounting and costing of electricity generation do not provide adequate coverage of significant industry specifics, which is the cause of distortion of accounting data and production costs. The expediency of updating the current legislation, which will be aimed at developing guidelines for accounting in this area, which in turn will ensure the unification of approaches to methodology and methods of accounting for solar power plants, promote effective and efficient management of resources of economic entities; reasonable volumes of electricity generation, which will be necessary for optimal profitability of production.

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Song, Dongdong, Haitian Pei, Yuewen Liu, Haiyong Wei, Shengfu Yang, and Shougeng Hu. "Review on Legislative System of Photovoltaic Industry Development in China." Energies 15, no. 1 (January 3, 2022): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15010306.

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As one of the world’s largest energy consumers, China is facing the challenge of growing energy demand. Under this background, China is actively implementing the concept of green development and sustainable development route. As inexhaustible green energy, solar energy, has been established as an independent energy type by the Renewable Energy Law and has a broad development prospect. At present, the industrialization level of photovoltaic manufacturing in China is constantly improving, and the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation is constantly improving. However, from the perspective of the system, China’s photovoltaic industry supporting legal system is not perfect. There is a mismatch between the existing laws and industrial development needs, which restricts the future development of photovoltaic power generation in China. The legal environment is crucial to the development of a country’s relevant industries. Only with a good supporting legal system can the development and utilization of solar energy be carried out reasonably and orderly. The PV industry legislation should be adjusted and responded to in a timely manner according to the development situation of the PV industry and the PV market, so as to speed up the introduction of core laws in the PV field, continuously improve the supporting legal system, and effectively play the role of institutional protection of the law.

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Al-Akhmmadi, Saer, and Larysa Shuldan. "KEY PRINCIPLES OF SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAICS INTEGRATION IN THE BUILDINGS OF ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE." Current Issues in Research, Conservation and Restoration of Historic Fortifications 14, no. 2021 (2021): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/fortifications2020.14.006.

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The problem of photovoltaics integration into the building of architectural heritage is in the zone of compromise between aspects of preservation and long-term use. The quality and success of such energy modernization are based on the principles of preserving and extending the term of the utilitarian use of buildings. It is crucial in this situation to determine the key principles of solar cell integration into buildings that form the historic environment. The constituent values of historic buildings form the basis for their definition. Domestic researchers have previously focused on some issues of "inconsistency" in the domestic monument protection legislation, which occur not only without formal violations of the law but on the contrary, based on its rules. The article continues the research of problems, methods, rules, and limitations of photovoltaic systems integration into the architecture of historical buildings initiated by the authors. The purpose of this article is to consider issues related to the cultural value preservation of the historic buildings in the integration of solar systems, as well as to determine the priorities, value characteristics defined by legislative and regulatory documents of Ukraine, value components of the historic buildings. The purpose is also to measure the value components` interaction and to form the principles of solar cell integration based on it. The basic priority in making decisions on energy modernization, switching to new energy types, and introducing solar generation, is to promote the preservation and long-term operation of cultural heritage buildings. In total, the components form a broader definition of the value of historic buildings and environment, which goes beyond what is defined by law. Decisions on energy measures for cultural heritage buildings require a search for a balance of priorities between different value components. Based on the value components, nine principles of solar cells integration into historic buildings have been formed.

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Lau, Lin-Sea, Yuen-Onn Choong, Suet-Ling Ching, Chooi-Yi Wei, Abdelhak Senadjki, Chee-Keong Choong, and Ai-Na Seow. "Expert insights on Malaysia’s residential solar-energy policies: shortcomings and recommendations." Clean Energy 6, no. 4 (July 22, 2022): 619–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ce/zkac043.

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Abstract Malaysia has a long way before achieving the 20% renewable-energy penetration by 2025. Currently, merely 2% of the country’s electricity is generated by renewable energy sources including solar power. Unlike the abundant literature about solar energy, qualitative studies that focus on experts’ opinions on the weaknesses of residential solar-energy policies have received less attention, particularly in the context of Malaysia. Understanding the flaws in the existing policies would lead to creating a better policy framework for solar-energy development. Thus, this study aims to identify the shortcomings of the current government initiatives and policies that deter solar photovoltaic adoption among households from experts’ perspectives. Experts also provide recommendations for better future policy design and implementation. This study employs a qualitative research approach (via semi-structured interviews) in collecting experts’ viewpoints. Key concerns emerging from the interviews include insufficient financial support, lack of awareness programmes and subsidized electricity tariffs. Also, interviewed experts suggest sufficient financial incentives, increased public awareness programmes and comprehensive legislation aimed at safeguarding consumer interests as a means to raising solar-energy adoption in the country. This underlines the need for policymakers to create public awareness, provide financial support and develop regulatory measures aimed at managing solar companies for the sake of solar development in Malaysia.

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Xu, Xiaofeng, Xiangyu Chen, Yi Xu, Tao Wang, and Yifan Zhang. "Improving the Innovative Performance of Renewable Energy Enterprises in China: Effects of Subsidy Policy and Intellectual Property Legislation." Sustainability 14, no. 13 (July 4, 2022): 8169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14138169.

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Energy efficiency and emissions reductions are effective initiatives to address climate change and energy security. China has increased government subsidies and intellectual property protection (IPP) intensity to promote technological innovation in the renewable energy sector. This paper selects samples of geothermal, wind, and solar energy companies and examines whether the two initiatives mentioned above can improve company innovation, and assesses their action pathways. The results reveal that: (i) government subsidies can directly facilitate renewable energy enterprises’ innovative performance, and research and development (R&D) input served as a medium; and (ii) the intensity of IPP moderation needed for geothermal and solar enterprises to utilize the government subsidy to enhance innovation. The government should consider the differences of different sub-sectors of renewable energy when increasing subsidies. Better laws and policies are needed to strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights and stimulate innovation in renewable energy enterprises.

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Giostra, Simone, Gabriele Masera, and Rafaella Monteiro. "Solar Typologies: A Comparative Analysis of Urban Form and Solar Potential." Sustainability 14, no. 15 (July 22, 2022): 9023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159023.

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Efficient use of energy in the construction sector is a pillar of the European Union’s 2050 climate protection goals, yet legislation makes no explicit reference to urban morphology or building form, which are recognized as key to energy performance in buildings. Rapidly changing energy standards and new requirements for on-site energy production demand a vigorous scrutiny of established urban typologies that are largely the product of an older energy regime. The research explores a set of 312 building shapes with floor-to-area ratio (FAR) of 3 within a given plot to identify emerging trends, ranges, and correlations between geometric variables, visual comfort, and energy indicators. Cases are grouped and evaluated in relation to three main urban typologies to highlight unique features related to each typology. The paper also compares two groups of results related to passive and active solar potential, respectively, to identify formal traits that are specific to each of these two design strategies. Finally, the research ranks design options based on total energy use taking into account the energy need for artificial lighting as well as contributions from both passive energy savings and active energy production. Results show that energy demand across cases varies by a factor 2 for passive strategies and a factor 5 when active potential is considered based on shape alone. Best results are clearly positioned at the two extremes of the geometric and proportional range. On the one hand, low-rise compact bar and courtyard buildings that are perhaps most prevalent in our cities today may be effectively retrofitted to meet active energy targets. On the other hand, extremely tall and slim towers appear to be the only typology in the study with the potential to achieve zero-energy status by virtue of their form alone. The work sheds light on the formal implications of EU energy mandates and offers a glimpse of how buildings may adapt to the combined selective pressures of high on-site energy fraction and low energy use to shape our future cities.

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Iheanetu, Kelachukwu J. "Solar Photovoltaic Power Forecasting: A Review." Sustainability 14, no. 24 (December 19, 2022): 17005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142417005.

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The recent global warming effect has brought into focus different solutions for combating climate change. The generation of climate-friendly renewable energy alternatives has been vastly improved and commercialized for power generation. As a result of this industrial revolution, solar photovoltaic (PV) systems have drawn much attention as a power generation source for varying applications, including the main utility-grid power supply. There has been tremendous growth in both on- and off-grid solar PV installations in the last few years. This trend is expected to continue over the next few years as government legislation and awareness campaigns increase to encourage a shift toward using renewable energy alternatives. Despite the numerous advantages of solar PV power generation, the highly variable nature of the sun’s irradiance in different seasons of various geopolitical areas/regions can significantly affect the expected energy yield. This variation directly impacts the profitability or economic viability of the system, and cannot be neglected. To overcome this challenge, various procedures have been applied to forecast the generated solar PV energy. This study provides a comprehensive and systematic review of recent advances in solar PV power forecasting techniques with a focus on data-driven procedures. It critically analyzes recent studies on solar PV power forecasting to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the techniques or models implemented. The clarity provided will form a basis for higher accuracy in future models and applications.

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Coronas, Sergio, Jordi de la Hoz, Àlex Alonso, and Helena Martín. "23 Years of Development of the Solar Power Generation Sector in Spain: A Comprehensive Review of the Period 1998–2020 from a Regulatory Perspective." Energies 15, no. 4 (February 21, 2022): 1593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15041593.

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Spain has become one of the leading countries in the world in promoting electricity generation from renewable energy sources (RES), due to their positive socioeconomic and environmental impacts, through highly favorable regulatory frameworks and public incentives set by Spanish governments mainly during the first decade of 2000s, i.e., Royal Decree (RD) 2818/1998, RD 436/2004 and RD 661/2007. Conversely, the highly favorable regime applicable to RES, and specifically to solar power plants during the 1998–2008 promotion period turned into an extremely unfavorable scenario during the 2008–2020 cost-containment stage, characterized by the dismantling of the previous promotion schemes so as to reduce the skyrocketing electricity system tariff deficit, in which regulations such as RD 1578/2008, Royal Decree Law (RDL) 6/2009, RDL 14/2010, RDL 1/2012, Law 15/2012, RDL 9/2013, Law 24/2013 and RD 413/2014 stood out. Nonetheless, the Spanish renewable sector, and especially the solar power sector, has shown great dynamism in its energy policy in the period 1998–2020. This academic contribution provides a comprehensive review of the energy policy evolution for the whole solar power sector in Spain, specifically both solar photovoltaic (PV) and concentrating solar power (CSP) plants, over the last 23 years. Thus, considering both the boom in the solar power sector as well as the solar sector’s bust, a survey of the different legislation in force during the 1998–2020 period, as well as of the existing academic literature dealing with this issue, is conducted to first contextualize and describe, and then carefully assess, the last 23 years of solar energy policy in Spain. In brief, the decisive role of the Spanish government in developing the RES sector, and especially the solar power sector, in recent years has been noted. In this vein, a good planning of the energy development model, the regulatory stability, the simplicity and agility of the corresponding administrative process, the appropriate design of support mechanisms, as well as security and predictability of support levels in the mid and long term, play an important role in providing certainty to all the stakeholders. During the 1998–2008 promotion stage, even with a stable, quite favorable and easily predictable RES support mechanism in place, the Spanish solar system behaved as an open-loop system without any control structure detecting and reacting to problematic situations. The fact that the Spanish government was compelled to implement ex-post measures during the period 2008–2020, seriously jeopardizing the viability of the power plants in operation, as well as compromising the legal–economic stability of the renewable energy sector, clearly indicated a malfunctioning of the energy policy control mechanism. In essence, it is hoped that the lessons extracted from this 23-year comprehensive review of the Spanish solar power sector pathway could be quite useful for other countries either in the initial development stage or fully immersed in the promotion of solar power sector or any other renewable technology.

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dos Santos Castilho, Carolina, João Paulo N. Torres, Carlos A. Ferreira Fernandes, and Ricardo A. Marques Lameirinhas. "Study on the Implementation of a Solar Photovoltaic System with Self-Consumption in an Educational Building." Energies 14, no. 8 (April 15, 2021): 2214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14082214.

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In this work, the study of different remuneration schemes for the implementation of a solar energy system on a building was performed. The photovoltaic system was implemented on a public educational building, and four different schemes are compared to understand the economic feasibility of self-consuming solar energy with and without a battery system, versus selling to the electricity grid. The system performance is compared to the building’s needs, and the different consumption and grid-injection shares are analyzed. Three of the schemes are applied according to the conditions and requirements of the Portuguese Law, while the remaining one is not yet allowed, and so the legislation from another chosen country is considered. Lastly, a financial analysis was performed to evaluate and compare the feasibility of each project implementation. The results of this analysis show that both the non-legislated and legislated self-consumption schemes make for an attractive investment, and that savings resulting from the consumption of solar energy are much higher than the revenues from selling to the grid, which presents as the least attractive scheme. Finally, the battery implementation also does not show feasibility because the cost of technology is still too high, despite the reduction witnessed in recent years.

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Schreiber, Markus. "Regulation of Energy Storage Systems in the DACH Countries." European Energy and Environmental Law Review 29, Issue 5 (October 1, 2020): 168–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eelr2020041.

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In the mid – to long-term, energy storage systems may be necessary to balance the stochastic electricity production of renewable energies such as wind and solar. Many different storage solutions are either already technologically mature or on the brink of market introduction. However, regulatory barriers may hinder investments in storage capacity. Energy law in European countries typically defines very specific roles for different market participants, such as producers, grid operators or final customers. Storage systems often do not fit into these categories, or may simultaneously fall under several different rule sets. This raises many legal questions which have yet to be addressed by the courts. Especially problematic is the question of whether storage systems have to pay grid usage fees, which is closely related to their possible classification as final customers and may restrict many potential business models. This article compares the corresponding regulation in the main German-speaking (DACH) countries; Germany, Austria and Switzerland while also taking into account relevant EU legislation. Energy Storage, Renewable Energy, Grid Tariffs, Final Customer, Electricity Internal Market Directive, Unbundling

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Дисертації з теми "Solar energy Law and legislation"

Ricci, Kimberley Ann. "The implications of planning techniques for protecting solar access : a survey of state and local legislation." Virtual Press, 1988. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/546120.

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The purpose of this paper was to compile a nationwide survey by state, on legislation designed to protect access to solar energy. Brief summaries of the information received are included. Land use planning techniques and tools such as zoning and subdivision regulations, as well as special solar zones and planned unit developments have been discussed as they relate to protection of solar access and solar energy use. This paper has distinguished between two types of solar energy systems, active and passive, and associated problems with each.Primary concerns for the users of solar energy systems have been the availability of solar energy and its access to the collector's surface. Solar energy is environmentally safe, however, access to solar energy can be a limiting factor to its use. Solar access protection methods vary with location. The differences in needs between rural and urban areas have been discussed.Increasing solar technologies indicate the need for communities to regulate solar access through innovative legislation. This paper with brief introductions to solar energy access protection techniques, and the state-by-state survey was prepared so as to provide the reader with a basic understanding of solar access protection and act as a guide to access protection methods.
Department of Urban Planning

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Butler, Kirt Gordon. "Relationship of Solar Energy Installation Permits to Renewable Portfolio Standards and Insolation." Thesis, Walden University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3739574.

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Legislated renewable portfolio standards (RPSs) may not be the key to ensure forecast energy demands are met. States without a legislated RPS and with efficient permitting procedures were found to have approved and issued 28.57% more permits on average than those with a legislated RPS. Assessment models to make informed decisions about the need and effect of legislated RPSs do not exist. Decision makers and policy creators need to use empirical data and a viable model to resolve the debate over a nationally legislated RPS. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine if relationships between the independent variables of RPS and insolation levels and the dependent variable of the percentage of permits approved would prove to be a viable model. The research population was 68 cities in the United States, of which 55 were used in this study. The return on investment economic decision model provided the theoretical framework for this study and the model generated. The output of multiple regression analysis indicated a weak to medium positive relationship among the variables. None of these relationships were statistically significant at the 0.05 level. A model using site specific data might yield significant results and be useful for determining which solar energy projects to pursue and where to implement them without Federal or State mandated RPSs. A viable model would bring about efficiency gains in the permitting process and effectiveness gains in promoting installations of solar energy-based systems. Research leading to the development of a viable model would benefit society by encouraging the development of sustainable energy sources and helping to meet forecast energy demands.

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Dike, Samuel Chisa. "Legislating security of supply of petroleum resources in Nigeria : current practice, new direction and lessons from Brazil, Norway and the UK." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2014. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=211108.

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Security of supply of petroleum is a serious challenge in Nigeria that seems to lack any known legal remedy. It is a paradox that Nigeria is experiencing inadequate supply of petroleum resources for domestic consumption despite the abundance of oil and gas reserves in the country. Past efforts in the search for solutions through which to address this challenge have largely been political, quick fixes and episodic in nature. This research aims to address this challenge by looking for a possible solution towards the direction of the law-Petroleum Act 1969, which fundamentally regulates the industry. This is because the Act has failed to significantly contribute to the availability, reliability, affordability and sustainability of petroleum operation in Nigeria, the factors of which Elkind collectively identifies as elements of ‘energy security'.The research will undertake a critical appraisal of the 1969 Act and this is with a view to evaluating why it has failed to make any significant contribution to the security of supply of petroleum for domestic purposes. In conducting this analysis, the elements of the Petroleum Acts of Brazil, Norway and the UK will be examined. The objective of this approach is to draw specific lessons which will enrich the recommendations to be made towards the reform of the 1969 Act. The research will, in addition, analyse the new Petroleum Industry Bill (PIB) 2012, to see if there are further improvements to or significant departures from the current provisions of the Act regarding the security of supply of petroleum resources. My argument is that the Act has not sufficiently contributed to security of supply and the PIB would make only minimal improvements. Therefore, further radical reform, which needs to build upon the lessons from other jurisdictions considered in this research, is required.

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Chan, Ming-yee, and 陳明義. "The impact of energy efficiency regulation on building design in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31253659.

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Miller, Janah. "Promoting sustainable development in South Africa : environmental regulation in support of renewable energy." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5662.

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Yeung, Chi-hung, and 楊志雄. "A survey of environmental impacts of building energy codes on energy management in building services installations." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42575424.

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Mkhonta, Gcebekile Tikhokhile. "A critical analysis on how policy and legislation influence the implementation of renewable energy in the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/8683.

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Development in this century is facing the critical dilemma brought about by Climate Change and the misuse of natural resources which are being depleted faster than they are being reproduced. Sustainable development offers an on-going call for global action towards mitigating the impact of these changes to ensure that current generations live equitably without infringing on the needs of future generations. Ensuing from Sustainable Development are a variety of initiatives such as Renewable Energy, which are aimed at reducing the amount of greenhouse gases, the main culprits of Climate Change. Many countries around the globe have further tailored Sustainable Development principles into policy and legislation to ensure that development initiatives meet the needs of current generations without compromising those of future generations. This study embarked on a process to evaluate how such policies influence the implementation of Renewable Energy projects in the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality in Port Elizabeth, South Africa.

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Carlsson, Lina. "Climate change and sustainable energy in Canada and the United States : positions, policy and progress." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80912.

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Canada and the United States are two of the most energy-intensive countries in the world and have an immense impact upon their surrounding environment. Both countries have committed to contributing to the stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system, in accordance with the United Nations climate change regime. Their climate change-related energy policies do not, as yet, show any sign of achieving that objective, especially in light of the fact that greenhouse gas emissions are on the rise. This thesis consequently argues that not enough is being done by Canada-US to fulfill their commitments under the climate change-regime and tests that hypothesis.

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Moran, Susan Jane. "The influence of the 1968-1975 Congressional reforms on legislative policy-making : the development of the oil-pricing provision of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (1975)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3398b8d3-45ae-4706-b094-692a7ba0f827.

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Congressional reform is the focus of my study. Congress (but primarily the House of Representatives) attempted to reform its workings from 1968 through 1975, so it might be more effective in developing comprehensive policies on national issues, and more independent of the executive branch. Reform raised expectations that the legislature would reassert its policy-making role, which had diminished during the preceding thirty years. My study examines the influence of these changes on the congressional decision-making process, including their impact on the important role played by external actors, interest groups and especially the President, who reacted to these changes. The study examines the process through an analysis of the development and passage of the most controversial provision, dealing with oil-price controls (Title IV), of Congress' major energy bill of 1975, the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (H.R. 7014). On 15 December 1975, Congress passed the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA) which President Gerald R. Ford signed into law on 22 December. The EPCA (Public Law 94-163) extended oil-price controls until 1979. The oilpricing provision had significant national and international economic and political implications. Merely to trace the tortuous chronicle of oil-pricing policy would be informative. But this study will go further by using this account to analyze congressional decision-making in the period immediately following Congress' attempts at reform. My study shows that although reforms eroded old norms and power centres, significantly altering some aspects of congressional decision-making (again primarily in the House), they did not create institutional mechanisms or distribute internal powers in such a way that Congress could independently initiate and develop comprehensive national policies. Congress remained more dependent on the President than many of its members understood. The final substance of the oil-pricing policy reflected the characteristic congressional decision-making process, which had become even more dispersed as it was democratized by reform. The committee system, without a strong executive or party control, divides issues in a way that limits decision-makers' options.

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Breitbarth, Maximilian. "A Brighter Future: An Integrated Strategy for Increasing Renewable Distributed Generation to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1600.

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I explore the environmental and economic value to be gained by using a greater proportion of renewable distributed generation, mainly solar, relative to centralized generation in the United States in this thesis. I explain the benefits of distributed solar, namely the reductions in environmental damage and the economic benefits for system owners. These benefits will are compared to the obstacles to renewable distributed generation adoption: the costs associated with installation, the political resistance from utilities and power producers, and the aspects of current energy infrastructure that limit wider adoption of distributed solar. I make recommendations for changes to utility strategy, as well as provide policy prescriptions at the local, state, and national level to incentivize distributed solar. These findings and suggested actions can help inform policymakers and utilities as they shape future U.S. energy infrastructure.

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Книги з теми "Solar energy Law and legislation"

Klavens, Jonathan, and Mark C. Kalpin. Energy law fundamentals. Boston, MA: MCLE New England, 2013.

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Bullen, Linda M. Solar power: Law and economics. Edited by Marten Bradley M. New Providence, NJ: LexisNexis, 2010.

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Bullen, Linda M. Solar power: Law and economics. Edited by Marten Bradley M. New Providence, NJ: LexisNexis, 2010.

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M, Marten Bradley, ed. Solar power: Law and economics. New Providence, NJ: LexisNexis, 2010.

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Bullen, Linda M. Solar power: Law and economics. Edited by Marten Bradley M. New Providence, NJ: LexisNexis, 2010.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Solar small power production facilities: Report (to accompany H.R. 2818) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. G.P.O., 1987.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Energy and Power. Solar power: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Energy and Power of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, first session, on H.R. 2818 and H.R. 2858 ... October 7, 1987. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1988.

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Pascuzzi, Giovanni. Energia solare e "property rights": La tutela giuridica dell'accesso al sole. Rimini: Maggioli, 1990.

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Solar Energy Research and Advancement Act of 2007: Report (to accompany H.R. 2774) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 2007.

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Development, United States Congress Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources Subcommittee on Energy Research and. Solar Development Initiative Act 1987 and the Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation Competitiveness Act of 1987: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Energy Research and Development of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundredth Congress, first session on S. 1320 ... S. 1554 ... August 6, 1987. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1988.

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Частини книг з теми "Solar energy Law and legislation"

Mwanza, Mabvuto, and Koray Ulgen. "GIS-Based Assessment of Solar Energy Harvesting Sites and Electricity Generation Potential in Zambia." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42091-8_60-1.

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AbstractLand and environment are some of limited nature resource for any particular country and requires best use. Therefore, for sustainable energy generation it is often important to maximize land use and avoid or minimize environmental and social impact when selecting the potential locations for solar energy harvesting. This chapter presents an approach for identifying and determining the potential sites and available land areas for solar energy harvesting. Hence, the restricting and enhancing parameters that influence sites selection based on international regulation have been imposed to the Laws of Zambia on environmental protection and pollution control legislative framework. Thus, both international regulations and local environmental protection and pollution control legislative have been used for identifying the potential sites and evaluating solar PV electricity generation potential in these potential sites. The restricting parameters were applied to reduce territory areas to feasible potential sites and available areas that are suitable for solar energy harvesting. The assessment involved two different models: firstly the assessment of potential sites and mapping using GIS, and secondly, evaluation of the available suitable land areas and feasible solar PV electricity generation potential in each provinces using analytical methods. The total available suitable area of the potential sites is estimated at 82,564.601 km2 representing 10.97% of Zambia’s total surface area. This potential is equivalent to 10,240.73 TWh annual electricity generation potential with potential to reduce CO2 emissions in the nation and achieve SDGs. The identification of potential sites and solar energy will help improve the understanding of the potential solar energy can contribute to achieving sustainable national energy mix in Zambia. Furthermore, it will help the government in setting up tangible energy targets and effective integration of solar PV systems into national energy mix.

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Mwanza, Mabvuto, and Koray Ulgen. "GIS-Based Assessment of Solar Energy Harvesting Sites and Electricity Generation Potential in Zambia." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 899–946. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_60.

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Zarea, M., and E. Mayer. "Second Law Optimization Procedure for Concentrating Collectors." In Solar Energy Utilization, 255–70. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3631-7_12.

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Bejan, A. "Second Law Aspects of Solar Energy Conversion." In Solar Energy Utilization, 145–87. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3631-7_8.

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Teles da Silva, Solange, Carolina Dutra, and Lucas Noura de Moraes Rêgo Guimarães. "Solar Energy and the Dawn of ‘Solar Cities’ in Brazil." In Energy Law and Regulation in Brazil, 183–212. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73456-9_9.

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Reames, Donald V. "Hydrogen Abundances and Shock Waves." In Solar Energetic Particles, 187–219. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66402-2_9.

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AbstractHow well do protons fit into the abundance patterns of the other elements? Protons have Q = 1 and A/Q = 1 at all temperatures of interest. When does their relative abundance fit on the power law in A/Q defined by the elements with A/Q > 2? For small “pure” impulsive events, protons fit well, but for larger CME-associated impulsive events, where shock waves boost the intensities, protons are enhanced a factor of order ten by addition of seed protons from the ambient plasma. During most large gradual SEP events with strong shock waves, protons again fit the power law, but with weaker or quasi-perpendicular shock waves, dominated by residual impulsive seed particle abundances at high Z, again protons are enhanced. Proton enhancements occur when moderately weak shock waves happen to sample a two-component seed population with dominant protons from the ambient coronal plasma and impulsive suprathermal ions at high Z; thus proton-enhanced events are a surprising new signature of shock acceleration in jets. A/Q measures the rigidity dependence of both acceleration and transport but does not help us distinguish the two. Energy-spectral indices and abundances are correlated for most gradual events but not when impulsive ions are present; thus we end with powerful new correlations that probe both acceleration and transport.

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Pirstner-Ebner, Renate. "3 Overview of legislation." In European Energy Law, 20–32. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748913627-20.

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Lang, Matthias. "Prosumer Legislation in Germany." In European Energy Law Report XII, 135–50. Intersentia, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781780688091.008.

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"Solar Power." In The Law of Renewable Energy. Bloomsbury Professional, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781526515155.chapter-005.

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Barton, Barry, and Jennifer Campion. "Energy Justice and the Design of Climate Change Legislation." In Energy Justice and Energy Law, 203–16. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198860754.003.0012.

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The concept of energy justice can be applied to the specific problem of making climate change mitigation laws and policies that are fair and equitable. This chapter inquires into the design of climate change laws to minimize undue adverse effects on low-income households. It examines the literature about the risk of climate change policies being regressive in their distributional effect. It examines carbon pricing, consumer fuel subsidies, transport, electric vehicle incentives, and energy efficiency in housing. It finds that laws can be improved to achieve justice goals, but it is often difficult. The recycling of carbon price revenues for the benefit of low-income households is important, as is the reduction of distinctions between the policy spheres of climate change and social welfare. It is concluded that climate change laws can be made more just, and more effective, if distribution is a central part of their design.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Solar energy Law and legislation"

Anshari, Tunggul. "Forming Legislation: Pluralism Between Adat Law and State Law." In 2018 International Conference on Energy and Mining Law (ICEML 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iceml-18.2018.75.

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Allan, Paul, and Richard Brogan. "Energy Transition: Optimizing Existing E&P Value and Clean Energy Potential." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206175-ms.

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Abstract Reduction of CO2 emissions has become a key component of many E&P company strategies, reflecting the accelerating demands of interest groups, activist investors, and country specific legislation for specific targets and measures of carbon footprint reduction. Underlying this requirement for change are the existing investments and cash flows resulting from the core ‘conventional’ business opportunities, that while potentially carbon heavy generate the cashflows needed to sustain and grow the business. Our work with several major energy firms has shown that assumptions and decisions impacting the pace of needed change need to be carefully tested, as many of the optimal decisions are counter intuitive. An example at a large integrated company was the insight that expansion of its shale resource investments accelerated the transition to a lower carbon footprint, given the cashflow generation and potential to advance low carbon alternatives in parallel. A portfolio model has been developed that replicates many of the options a company might assess in developing a strategy for carbon reduction and energy transition. This includes estimations of carbon generation from existing businesses as well as carbon reducing strategies ranging from carbon capture to new clean energy sources such as wind, solar, or hydrogen. A case study is used to represent the existing performance delivery and expectations for a large, integrated oil firm as it ‘transitions’ into a cleaner, low-carbon company. This modelling provides a window into the complexity of timing trade-offs, criticality in specific early investments, and drivers to the decisions surrounding a transitional business. The impacts of stasis, premature ‘forced’ transition, and errors in new clean energy ‘bets’ are assessed and tested, providing insights into risk mitigation strategies and alternatives. The case study clarifies the complexity in trade-offs within what appears to be a ‘simple’ energy transition strategy. This highlights the value and insights resulting from quantitative modelling of these decision structures. This paper provides examples of current methods of quantifying and assessing carbon reducing strategies. As the actual costs of generation depends on political considerations and societal demands, a wide range of typical company assumptions is outlined. In assessing alternative sources, the paper outlines the related ‘costs’ in the most touted clean-energy alternatives, both in the costs of implementation as well as the possible costs or charges resulting from future carbon generation. While most integrated energy companies have considered carbon reduction within their strategic plans for many years now, the investments in carbon reduction are for the most part negligible in comparison to conventional investments. International attention to carbon reduction and changes in societal expectations are putting additional pressures on companies to adapt more rapidly. However, transition introduces additional uncertainty, as seen by the possibility of a reduction in the credit ratings of some companies. Planning and understanding the proposed path is key to success.

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Karamata, Boris, and Marilyne Andersen. "Stationary Solar Concentrator delivering beyond the étendue law with Homogeneous Illumination." In Optics for Solar Energy. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ose.2014.rtu3b.5.

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El Dib, Abd El Wahed, Saher Koussa, and Emeil Bolos. "First Law Analysis of Integrated Solar Combined Cycles." In 2nd International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-5723.

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Dahlan, Muhammad, and Herlin Wijayati. "Quality and Validity Examination of Academic Paper in the Legislation of Local Regulation about Mining Management and Business." In 2018 International Conference on Energy and Mining Law (ICEML 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iceml-18.2018.48.

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Lu, Shaoguang, and D. Yogi Goswami. "Theoretical Analysis of Ammonia-Based Combined Power/Refrigeration Cycle at Low Refrigeration Temperatures." In ASME Solar 2002: International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sed2002-1042.

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A new combined power/refrigeration cycle uses ammonia/water mixture as a working fluid to produce both power and refrigeration in the same cycle. The cycle may be designed for various combinations of power and refrigeration. In an earlier paper by the authors, the cycle was optimized for efficiency, with power as the main intended output. This study puts an emphasis on the refrigeration part of the total output especially at low refrigeration temperatures. The objective was to find out what kind of outputs could be obtained at very low temperatures for a possible application in the Mars mission. The thermal performance of this cycle at different refrigeration temperatures has been found. At each refrigeration temperature, the cycle is optimized for maximum second law efficiency using Generalized Reduced Gradient (GRG) algorithm. It is found that refrigeration temperatures as low as 205 K may be achieved using this cycle. Generally, both first and second law efficiencies decrease when refrigeration temperature drops. For a re-circulating type of solar thermal system with a source temperature of 360K, the first and second law efficiencies increase slightly as the refrigeration temperature goes down from 265K to 245K and then decrease with the refrigeration temperature, giving a maximum second law efficiency of 63.7% at 245K.

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Tamm, Gunmar, D. Yogi Goswami, Shaoguang Lu, and Afif A. Hasan. "A Novel Combined Power and Cooling Thermodynamic Cycle for Low Temperature Heat Sources: Part I — Theoretical Investigation." In ASME Solar 2002: International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sed2002-1033.

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A combined thermal power and cooling cycle proposed by Goswami is under intensive investigation, both theoretically and experimentally. The proposed cycle combines the Rankine and absorption refrigeration cycles, producing refrigeration while power is the primary goal. A binary ammonia-water mixture is used as the working fluid. This cycle can be used as a bottoming cycle using waste heat from a conventional power cycle or an independent cycle using low temperature sources such as geothermal and solar energy. Initial parametric studies of the cycle showed the potential for the cycle to be optimized for first or second law efficiency, as well as work or cooling output. For a solar heat source, optimization of the second law efficiency is most appropriate, since the spent heat source fluid is recycled through the solar collectors. The optimization results verified that the cycle could be optimized using the Generalized Reduced Gradient method. Theoretical results were extended to include realistic irreversibilities in the cycle, in preparation for the experimental study.

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Dougherty, Brian P., and A. Hunter Fanney. "Experiences With Using Solar Photovoltaics to Heat Domestic Water." In ASME 2001 Solar Engineering: International Solar Energy Conference (FORUM 2001: Solar Energy — The Power to Choose). American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sed2001-122.

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Abstract The solar photovoltaic (PV) industry continues to make progress in increasing the efficiency while reducing the manufacturing costs of PV cells. Economies of scale are being realized as manufacturers expand their production capabilities. Products are commercially available that integrate photovoltaic cells within building façade, fenestration, and roofing components. Legislation and incentive programs by government and commercial entities are supporting both reduced first costs and greater rates of return. The combination of factors support improved cost-effectiveness. As this trend continues, more options for using PV become possible. One such application is a stand-alone, PV-direct, solar water heating application. Solar water heating can be effectively accomplished by directly using the DC power production from solar photovoltaic modules. A simple controller having multiple power relays connects the PV modules with different combinations of in-tank resistive elements. The controller actively changes the resistive combination so that the photovoltaic modules generate power at or near their maximum output. The technology, which has been patented and licensed, is applicable to configurations that use a single water heater and to two water heaters that are piped in series. Prototypes using both tank configurations have been in operation at four field sites. This paper emphasizes the single-tank application and the field results from installations in Maryland and Florida.

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Lu, Shaoguang, and D. Yogi Goswami. "Optimization of a Novel Combined Power/Refrigeration Thermodynamic Cycle." In ASME Solar 2002: International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sed2002-1038.

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A novel combined power/refrigeration thermodynamic cycle is optimized for thermal performance in this paper. The cycle uses ammonia-water binary mixture as a working fluid and can be driven by various heat sources, such as solar, geothermal and low temperature waste heat. It could produce power as well as refrigeration with power output as a primary goal. The optimization program, which is based on the Generalized Reduced Gradient (GRG) algorithm, can be used to optimize for different objective functions. Examples that maximize second law efficiency, work output and refrigeration output are presented, showing the cycle may be optimized for any desired performance parameter. In addition, cycle performance over a range of ambient temperatures was investigated. It was found that for a source temperature of 360K, which is in the range of flat plate solar collectors, both power and refrigeration outputs are achieved under optimum conditions. All performance parameters, including first and second law efficiencies, power and refrigeration output decrease as the ambient temperature goes up. On the other hand, for a source of 440K, optimum conditions do not provide any refrigeration. However, refrigeration can be obtained even for this temperature under non-optimum performance conditions.

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Mayastuti, Anti, Jamal Wiwoho, and Hari Purwadi. "Measuring the Urgency of Draft Legislation on the Recognition and Protection of Indigenous People from Economic Analysis of Law Perspective." In International Conference on Environmental and Energy Policy (ICEEP 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211014.011.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Solar energy Law and legislation"

Avis, William. Drivers, Barriers and Opportunities of E-waste Management in Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.016.

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Population growth, increasing prosperity and changing consumer habits globally are increasing demand for consumer electronics. Further to this, rapid changes in technology, falling prices and consumer appetite for better products have exacerbated e-waste management challenges and seen millions of tons of electronic devices become obsolete. This rapid literature review collates evidence from academic, policy focussed and grey literature on e-waste management in Africa. This report provides an overview of constitutes e-waste, the environmental and health impacts of e-waste, of the barriers to effective e-waste management, the opportunities associated with effective e-waste management and of the limited literature available that estimate future volumes of e-waste. Africa generated a total of 2.9 million Mt of e-waste, or 2.5 kg per capita, the lowest regional rate in the world. Africa’s e-waste is the product of Local and imported Sources of Used Electronic and Electrical Equipment (UEEE). Challenges in e-waste management in Africa are exacerbated by a lack of awareness, environmental legislation and limited financial resources. Proper disposal of e-waste requires training and investment in recycling and management technology as improper processing can have severe environmental and health effects. In Africa, thirteen countries have been identified as having a national e-waste legislation/policy.. The main barriers to effective e-waste management include: Insufficient legislative frameworks and government agencies’ lack of capacity to enforce regulations, Infrastructure, Operating standards and transparency, illegal imports, Security, Data gaps, Trust, Informality and Costs. Aspirations associated with energy transition and net zero are laudable, products associated with these goals can become major contributors to the e-waste challenge. The necessary wind turbines, solar panels, electric car batteries, and other "green" technologies require vast amounts of resources. Further to this, at the end of their lifetime, they can pose environmental hazards. An example of e-waste associated with energy transitions can be gleaned from the solar power sector. Different types of solar power cells need to undergo different treatments (mechanical, thermal, chemical) depending on type to recover the valuable metals contained. Similar issues apply to waste associated with other energy transition technologies. Although e-waste contains toxic and hazardous metals such as barium and mercury among others, it also contains non-ferrous metals such as copper, aluminium and precious metals such as gold and copper, which if recycled could have a value exceeding 55 billion euros. There thus exists an opportunity to convert existing e-waste challenges into an economic opportunity.

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