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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Soils, Salts in"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 28 лютого 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Soils, Salts in"

Ngoc, Binh Vu. "Characteristics of Clay Soft Soil in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam and Improvement Result with Cement." Iraqi Geological Journal 55, no. 1A (January 31, 2022): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.55.1a.5ms-2022-01-24.

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The results of research on the characteristics of soft clay soils distributed in some provinces of the Mekong Delta show that most of the soils are contaminated with easily soluble salts, containing organic matter, pH < 7. Sandy clay, clay in An Giang, and clay mud in Tien Giang are less acidic, not salty, and contamination of salts in the form of sulfate- chloride. Clay mud in Hau Giang is less acidic, less salt, and contamination of salts in the form of chloride-sulfate. Clay mud in Bac Lieu and Ca Mau are lots of salty soil, contaminated with chloride of salts. Peat soil in Kien Giang is strongly acidic, not salty, contaminated with sulfate -chloride. All of them have a large compression coefficient, small load capacity, therefore they should be reinforced when construction works. Unconfined compressive strength of reinforced soils with cement showed that sandy clay in An Giang is the best, and then is soft clay in An Giang and clay mud in Tien Giang, Hau Giang, Bạc Lieu, and Ca Mau. Peat soil in Kien Giang has a low strength at different contents and days of age (with a concents 400 kg/m3 at 91 days has unconfined compressive strength qu = 201 kPa), only 12.8 to 23.0% compared to the soil elsewhere. The curing time process samples show that the compressive strength of the peat soil mixed cement is increased initially, then they were decreased over a period of 28 days.

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Z.R., Gurbanova, and Ibragimov S.K. "The reclamation of included in the crop rotation of solonetz soils by sulfuric acid situated waste in the Caspian lowland." Ekologiya i stroitelstvo 4 (2018): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.35688/2413-8452-2018-04-004.

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The paper concerns the problems of making healthy salinized soils of pre-Caspian lowland in Azerbaijan Republic by chemical melioration. As a result of carried out experiments it has been determined that washing soils by water results in gyps leaching in the soils and formation alkaline salts. It leads to soda formation, salinization of soils and alkalıne formation. Though washing by drywall does not result in new formation of precipitated gyps, its application as meliorant presents formation of alkaline salts and salinization of solis. Gypsing of soils significantly optimizes leaching of salts, especially release of chlorine and sulphatization. However desalinization of soils till the toxicity border is achieved neither in the layer 0...50 cm, nor 0...100 cm. It has been determined that use of weak solution of sulphuric acid brought to desalination of upper 0...50 cm layer till the limit of salt toxicity deep desalinization of soils (to 150 cm) and high content of residue of non toxic salts lowering harmful influence of excludes possibility of restoration of soil salinization after washing. High content of non-toxic salts in residue after washing salinization with the reduce of toxic salts to 22...36 % allows to increase limit of salts toxicity after washing till 0.8...1.0 % on density residue.

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Opanasenko, N. Ye, A. P. Yevtushenko, and A. P. Grishina. "Magnesian alkalinity of trenching soils of Prichernomorskaya lowland." Fundamental and Applied Soil Science 15, no. 1-2 (March 18, 2014): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/041403.

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The data of scientists about spreading, genesis, composition and properties of low natrium soils with high content of magnesium in soil sorption complex, and its influence on plants have been considered. The aim was to determine the absorbed ability of soils and the level of saturation by bases; to determine the dependence of density of foundation, quantity of silt from the content of absorbed magnesium from magnesium water soluble salts in them; to determine kation-anion and salt composition of irrigation waters. The trenching low natrium remaining alkolinic south black soils, dark-chestnut, turf-steppe black soils of Prichernomorskaya lowland with content 20–73 % Mg2+ in soil sorption complex and also irrigation waters have been studied. Physical clay, silt, volumetric mass, general porosity, air-volume, water-permeability, micro-aggregate composition, absorbed base, kation-anion composition of easy soluble salts and hypothetic salts have been determined in soils. Kation-anion composition and hypothetic salts have been determined in irrigation waters. The sum of absorbed bases in studied soils corresponded to the content of fraction of physical clay and silt, and also to the provision of soils with organic substances. The humus reserves in trenching layer 0–60 cm of black south soils were 200–240 t/ha, dark-chestnut soils – 150–180 t/ha, turf-steppe light suglinic – soils 80–130 t/ha/ That’s quite normal that south black soils (30 mg-eq./100 gr.) have the best absorbed ability, and the turf-steppe susand soils have the worst absorbed ability (9 mg-eq./100 gr.). Accordance of absorptive ability of soils to the content of fraction of physical clay, silt, humus has been determined. The largest content and variation of absorbed magnesium in soil sorption complex of trenching layers of light suglinic and susand turf-steppe soils of high river terraces and the lowest content in black south soils and dark-chestnut soils have been established. It has been established that for genetically different soils with high content of exchanged magnesium the high density of formation, low general porosity, air-volume, water-irrigation, micro-aggregation and also clods, cracks and dust in dry condition, absence of illuviration are typical. Kation-anion composition of easy soluble salts in soils and in irrigation waters has been analyzed in details. The sum of all toxic water soluble salts in black south soils was 0.31 mg-eq./100 gr., magnesium salts (MgCO3, Mg(HCO3)2, MgCl2, MgSO4) – 0.18 mg-eq./100 gr. or 58 % from the sum of toxic salts. In dark-chestnut soils these indexes were 0.16 and 0.11 mg-eq./100 gr. and 69 %; in turf-steppe light suglinic soils – 0.32 and 0.18 mg-eq./100 gr. and 56 %; and for turf-steppe susand soils they were 0.26 and 0.15 mg-eq./100 gr. and 58 %. In all soils chlorides magnesium prevailed over toxic salts (NaCl+MgCl2+CaCl2). In south black soils and turf-steppe soils in layer 0–60 cm there were both toxic and magnesium salts. Dark-chestnut soils in comparison with above said ones have less toxic salts and less magnesium salts, but their part in the sum of all salts was the highest – 69 %. The less content of toxic salts in dark-chestnut soils in comparison with others is attributed to their location to good drained height in Ochakov region. Probability of irrigation magnesium solonetzation of soils under long watering of orchards and vineyards by water from artesian well, Ingulets canal and from pond has been studied. In fresh and weakly mineral waters among toxic salts the magnesium salts (67-88%) as also in soils, chloride of magnesium are prevailed. Prevailing of magnesium over calcium in irrigated waters reduces quality of water and leads to accumulation of Mg2+ in soil sorption complex and negatively influences on soils. The following conclusions have been done: Genetically different low natrium remaining alkolinic with high content of exchanged magnesium in soil absorption complex trenching soils are characterized by high density, low porosity, air-volume, water-permeability, micro-aggregation and also clods, cracks and dust in dry condition, absence of illuviration. In soils and irrigation waters magnesium salts prevail over toxic easy soluble salts (67–88 % and 56–69 %). There are the probable sources of large accumulation of magnesium in soil absorption complex, magnesium solonetziration and the reason of unfavourable soil conditions.

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Manimel Wadu, Mihiri C. W., Tee Boon Goh, and Olalekan O. Akinremi. "Response of Manitoba soils to banding phosphorus with sulfate or carbonate salts." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 96, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 447–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2015-0083.

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Applications of sulfate and carbonate salts have been shown to improve the solubility of phosphorus (P) in model calcareous soils. It is unclear how these treatments will influence P solubility in real soils. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of sulfate or carbonate salts on P solubility in selected Manitoba soils. We hypothesized that the application of carbonate or sulfate salts in a fertilizer band could enhance the solubility of P in Manitoba soils. Different salt mixtures were prepared by mixing either monopotassium phosphate (MPP) or monoammonium phosphate (MAP) with K2SO4, (NH4)2SO4, MgSO4, or (NH4)2CO3. After the 2 wk of incubation of salt-treated soils, both P sources decreased soil pH significantly. The addition of salts did not significantly affect pH in most of the soils. There was a significant treatment effect (P < 0.0001), a significant soil effect (P < 0.0001), and a significant soil by treatment interaction (P < 0.0001) on water-extractable P. Coapplication of either sulfates or (NH4)2CO3salt increased soluble P in some soils by 6%–44% or 11%–14%, respectively. Application of carbonate or sulfate salts increased P solubility only in soils with a smaller ratio of HCl-extractable Ca to ammonium acetate-extractable Ca.

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Pessoa, Luiz Guilherme Medeiros, Maria Betânia Galvão dos Santos Freire, José Coelho de Araújo Filho, Patrícia Ribeiros dos Santos, Márcio Fléquisson Alves Miranda, and Fernando José Freire. "Characterization and Classification of Halomorphic Soils in the Semiarid Region of Northeastern Brazil." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 4 (March 15, 2019): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n4p405.

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The properties of halomorphic soils are controlled by the presence of either soluble salts, exchangeable sodium or both, and it is important to know and understand these properties in order to reforest and/or recover the soils. The objective of this study was to characterize and classify halomorphic soils from the semiarid region of Northeast Brazil. Four profiles of halomorphic soils were studied, which were described morphologically and the samples were collected from all soil horizons. Physical and chemical analyzes of the soils were carried out for classification purposes, as well as geochemical speciation of the soluble salts. According to the results, P1 and P3 were classified as Fluvisols, and P2 and P4 as Cambisols. It was observed that the studied soil profiles have the predominance of fine particles, which prevents the leaching and subsequent removal of salts from the soil profile. Soils presented high levels of exchangeable sodium, characterizing them as sodium solids throughout the profile. Ionic speciation analysis indicated the predominance of free forms of Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+, HCO3-, Cl- and SO42- and combinations of calcium, magnesium and sodium chloride and sulfate salts. Thus, it was possible to conclude that the studied halomorphic soils presented high levels of degradation by salts and sodium and that these types of soils are strongly related to the Fluvisols and Cambisols.

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Pochernyaeva, E. P., V. O. Okata, O. V. Kotovych, and V. M. Yakovenko. "Influence of irrigated mineralized waters on properties of ordinary chernozem in the conditions of Prysamaria Dniprovske." Ecology and Noospherology 31, no. 2 (October 25, 2020): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/032015.

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Irrigation of lands in arid climates helps to solve the problem of water deficit of soils in order to increase their fertility. However, under the influence of mineralized waters used for irrigation, there is a degradation of chemical, physico-chemical, water-physical and physical properties of soils. Soil monitoring is one of the effective mechanisms that allowsassessing the current state of soils and predicting the negative consequences of economic activity in the future. The area where the research was conducted is in the zone of insufficient moisture where there is an annual deficit of water balance of soils. Irrigation in the studied areas began in the mid-70s of the last century and lasted until 1992. The waters of the Samara River were used for this purpose. The total mineralization of water during the growing season reaches 3515 mg/dm3. It is possible to estimate the degree of transformation of soils that have been under the influence of irrigation waters for a long time in relation to the indicators of virgin soils. The zonal soils of the research area are CalcicChernozems. The analysis of macromorphological indicators showed that irrigation soils differ from the reference ones by the thickness of the organogenic horizon, density and structure. The results of the analysis of the aqueous extract of the reference soils show the absence of salinization with water-soluble salts. Their content varies in the range from 0.051 to 0.078 %. A maximum of one salt is observed in the soil profile, namely in the transitional horizon at a depth of 45–63 cm. Below this depth, the content of water-soluble salts progressively decreases. The total content and distribution of water-soluble salts in the soil profile of irrigated soils has some differences from the reference soils. In the upper part of the humus horizon, the total amount of water-soluble salts is smaller, which can be attributed to the effects of machining and better aeration, as well as the intensive removal of their vegetation. Below these horizons, the amount of water-soluble salts progressively increases and reaches a maximum in the soil-forming rock. The nature of the distribution in the soil profile and the total amount of salts isnot typical for Calcic Chernozems and ismore similar to those of Gleyic Calcic Chernozems. The maximum amount of water-soluble salts is concentrated in the parent rock. Their percentage indicates the absence of salinity in both studied soils. But guided by the method of calculating the content of toxic water-soluble salts in the soil, in the reference soils, this figure reaches 0.21 t/ha in a meter layer of soil, and in irrigation 0.42 t/ha. The results of studies of physicochemical parameters show that a higher content of metabolic calcium is characteristic of the reference soils, and its distribution in the soils along the profile of both options is relatively similar. In contrast, the distribution of exchangeable magnesium in the soil profile varies greatly, especially in the reference soils. In irrigated soils, the ratio of exchangeable calcium to magnesium is more stable and varies in the range from 4.2 to 7.9, which may be the result of prolonged irrigation. According to the obtained physicochemical parameters, irrigation soils have weak salinity in the lower part of the transition horizon. This indicator, together with the ratio of exchangeable calcium to magnesium, indicates eluvial-illuvial processes that for some time contributed to the redistribution in the soil profile of both water-soluble salts and exchangeable cations. Evaluation of the degree of salinity of soils showed the absence of salinization in the reference soils, as well as in the upper part of the humus horizons of irrigated soils. Given the buffering of irrigated soils, weak salinity is present only in the upper part of the transition horizon.

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Černohlávková, J., J. Hofman, T. Bartoš, M. Sáňka, and P. Anděl. "Effects of road deicing salts on soil microorganisms." Plant, Soil and Environment 54, No. 11 (December 2, 2008): 479–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/431-pse.

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In this study, the effects of road salting on the quality of forest soils near the road were monitored in the Krkonoše Mountains (Czech Republic). Physical, chemical properties and microbial parameters of soils were determined and the toxic potentials of soil water extracts were evaluated using the bacterial tests (Microtox and Pseudomonas putida growth inhibition test). Increased concentrations of Na+ ions (up to 100 mg/kg) and pH values up to 8 were found closer to the road. Microbial biomass and respiration activity were significantly reduced at the roadside (ANOVA; P < 0.05), and the metabolic quotients showed that the microbial community was apparently under stress. Large stimulation of Pseudomonas putida growth was determined, especially for salinized samples closest to the road. Oppositely, results showed the unsuitability of bacteria toxicity tests in such cases of pollution. Assessment of intrinsic soil microbial communities is more ecologically relevant and shows the effects that cannot be detected by bacterial toxicity tests.

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Gulledge, Jay, and Joshua P. Schimel. "Low-Concentration Kinetics of Atmospheric CH4 Oxidation in Soil and Mechanism of NH4+ Inhibition." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, no. 11 (November 1, 1998): 4291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.11.4291-4298.1998.

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ABSTRACT NH4 + inhibition kinetics for CH4 oxidation were examined at near-atmospheric CH4 concentrations in three upland forest soils. Whether NH4 +-independent salt effects could be neutralized by adding nonammoniacal salts to control samples in lieu of deionized water was also investigated. Because the levels of exchangeable endogenous NH4 + were very low in the three soils, desorption of endogenous NH4 +was not a significant factor in this study. TheKm(app) values for water-treated controls were 9.8, 22, and 57 nM for temperate pine, temperate hardwood, and birch taiga soils, respectively. At CH4 concentrations of ≤15 μl liter−1, oxidation followed first-order kinetics in the fine-textured taiga soil, whereas the coarse-textured temperate soils exhibited Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Compared to water controls, the Km(app) values in the temperate soils increased in the presence of NH4 + salts, whereas the V max(app) values decreased substantially, indicating that there was a mixture of competitive and noncompetitive inhibition mechanisms for whole NH4 + salts. Compared to the corresponding K+ salt controls, the Km(app) values for NH4 + salts increased substantially, whereas the V max(app) values remained virtually unchanged, indicating that NH4 + acted by competitive inhibition. Nonammoniacal salts caused inhibition to increase with increasing CH4 concentrations in all three soils. In the birch taiga soil, this trend occurred with both NH4 + and K+ salts, and the slope of the increase was not affected by the addition of NH4 +. Hence, the increase in inhibition resulted from an NH4 +-independent mechanism. These results show that NH4 +inhibition of atmospheric CH4 oxidation resulted from enzymatic substrate competition and that additional inhibition that was not competitive resulted from a general salt effect that was independent of NH4 +.

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Pukish, Arsen. "STUDY OF THE RESTORATION FEATURES OF SOILS THAT WERE INFLUENCED BY FORMATION WATERS." Scientific Bulletin Series D : Mining, Mineral Processing, Non-Ferrous Metallurgy, Geology and Environmental Engineering 31, no. 2 (2017): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.37193/sbsd.2017.2.10.

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The article presents the studies results on the restoration of saline soils affected by formation waters. Soil restoration was carried out using solutions of various water-soluble salts. The author determined that treatment of saline soils with a solution of magnesium sulfate at a concentration of 0,3 mol/dm3 helps to decrease the content of chlorides, sodium, calcium, while the content of magnesium and sulfates increases, but the total content of toxic salts in the soil decreases by 60,9%.

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Chartres, CJ. "Sodic soils - an introduction to their formation and distribution in Australia." Soil Research 31, no. 6 (1993): 751. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9930751.

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This paper briefly summarizes existing Australian data about causes of sodicity and the distribution of sodic soils in Australia. Sources of salts and sodium include atmospheric accession, salts released by weathering processes and saline groundwaters. A traditional model of sodic soil pedogenesis is contrasted with more recent data demonstrating the role of several factors including mineralogy, EC/ESP relationships and exchangeable magnesium percentage on development and behaviour of sodic soils. Limited data about the national distribution of sodic soils are presented. There has been very little recent innovative research in Australia to increase understanding of soils affected by sodicity. A number of research needs are indicated.

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Дисертації з теми "Soils, Salts in"

Barzegar, Abdolrahman. "Structural stability and mechanical strength of salt-affected soils." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phb296.pdf.

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Copies of author's previously published articles in pocket inside back cover. Bibliography: leaves 147-160. This thesis outlines the factors affecting soil strength and structural stability and their interrelationship in salt-affected soils. The objectives of this study are to investigate the influence of clay particles on soil densification and mellowing, the mellowing of compacted soils and soil aggregates as influenced by solution composition, the disaggregation of soils subjected to different sodicities and salinities and its relationship to soil strength and dispersible clay and the effect of organic matter and clay type on aggregation of salt-affected soils.

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Chang, Jingwei, and 常经纬. "Effect of pore water salt content on the coefficient of earth pressure at rest of fine-grained soils." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/202253.

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Wong, Vanessa Ngar Lai. "The effects of salinity and sodicity on soil organic carbon stocks and fluxes /." View thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses Program, 2007. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20080428.223144/index.html.

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Nathan, Muhammad. "Clay movement in a saline-sodic soil toposequence." Title page, contents and summary only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09A/09an274.pdf.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 78-86) In the Herrmanns sub-catchment in the Mt. Lofty Ranges (near Mt. Torrens) soil sodicity was the dominant factor in causing clay to disperse in the eroded area along the foot slopes, wheras in non-eroded areas of the mid-slopes and on the stream banks, the dispersive power of sodicity was attenuated by the flocculative power of other soil properties.

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Wearing, Cameron. "Sodicity and soil microstructure /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18523.pdf.

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McCarthy, Alan John. "Landcare : a means of sustaining viticulture in the Barossa Valley /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envm1228.pdf.

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Marwan, M. M. "Changes in physical and chemical properties of saline-sodic soils during removal of salts by leaching with water." Thesis, University of Reading, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234663.

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Vernon, Daniel Marc. "Molecular biology of salt tolerance in the facultative halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum: Identification and regulation of stress-responsive mRNAs." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185921.

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As sessile organisms, plants are subject to numerous environmental insults. Of these, salinity is one of the most widespread and important in terms of limiting plant distribution and productivity. Molecular studies have established that plants challenged by high salinity respond by increasing expression of specific genes. A functional role for the products of such genes in stress tolerance has not been established, however, and little is known about the biochemical mechanisms that allow plants to tolerate osmotic stress. Mesembryanthemum crystallinum is a facultative halophyte capable of adjusting to and surviving in highly saline conditions. I have generated and screened a subtracted cDNA library to identify mRNAs that accumulate during this plant's adaptation to salt stress. Three mRNAs were identified that increased in abundance in leaf tissue of salt stressed plants. Patterns of induction for these mRNAs differed. The most dramatically-induced mRNA, Imt1, was characterized in depth. Imt1 expression was induced in leaves and, transiently, in roots. Nuclear run-on assays indicated that the gene is transcriptionally regulated. In several respects, the expression of Imt1 differed from that of other salinity-responsive genes involved in photosynthetic metabolism in M. crystallinum: The mRNA was induced by salinity and low temperature, but not by drought, and its induction by stress was not influenced by plant age. Imt1 encoded a predicted polypeptide of Mr 40,250 which exhibited sequence similarity to several hydroxymethyl transferases. The IMT1 protein was expressed in E. coli and identified by functional assay as a myo-inositol methyl transferase that catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of the cyclic sugar alcohol pinitol. The presence of high levels of sugar alcohols has been correlated with osmotolerance in a wide range of organisms, and the stress-initiated transcriptional induction of IMT1 expression in a facultative halophyte provides the strongest support to date for the importance of sugar alcohols in establishing tolerance to osmotic stress in higher plants. The ability of this methyl transferase to generate a putative osmoprotectant from a ubiquitous plant substrate makes it an attractive candidate enzyme for the creation of stress-resistant transgenic plants.

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Gao, Yuan. "Changes of tomato fruit composition in response to salinity /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09A/09ag211.pdf.

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Sessoms, Holly Nicol. "Water use potential and salt tolerance of riparian species in saline-sodic environments." Thesis, Montana State University, 2004. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2004/sessoms/SessomsH0805.pdf.

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Книги з теми "Soils, Salts in"

Peinemann, Norman. Procesos de salinización en el partido de Guaminí. [Bahía Blanca, Argentina]: Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur, 1997.

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K, Gupta S. Crop production in waterlogged saline soils. Jodhpur: Scientific Publishers, 1997.

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Hazelden, J. Saline soils in North Kent. Harpenden: Soil Survey of England and Wales, 1986.

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Finlayson, Nancy M. Salt movement in disturbed soils. Edmonton, Alta: Alberta Land Conservation and Reclamation Council, Reclamation Research Technical Advisory Committee, 1993.

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Burvill, G. H. The soils of the Salmon Gums district - Western Australia. Perth: Western Australia Department of Agriculture, 1988.

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Abrol, I. P. Salt-affected soils and their management. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1988.

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College, Manitoba Agricultural, ed. Suggestions on the treatment of alkali soils. [Winnipeg: s.n.], 1997.

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Salt-affected soils. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1989.

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K, Saxena R., Indian Council of Agricultural Research. National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning., and Central Soil Salinity Research Institute (Karnāl, India), eds. Salt affected soils, Etah District, Uttar Pradesh. Nagpur: National Bureau of Soil Survey & Land Use Planning, 2004.

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Fernando, Chanduvi, Lesch S. M, and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations., eds. Soil salinity assessment: Methods and interpretation of electrical conductivity measurements. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1999.

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Частини книг з теми "Soils, Salts in"

Akramkhanov, Akmal, Ramazan Kuziev, Rolf Sommer, Christopher Martius, Oksana Forkutsa, and Luiz Massucati. "Soils and Soil Ecology in Khorezm." In Cotton, Water, Salts and Soums, 37–58. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1963-7_3.

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Howari, Fares M., Philip C. Goodell, and Seiichi Miyamoto. "Spectroscopy of Salts Common in Saline Soils." In From Laboratory Spectroscopy to Remotely Sensed Spectra of Terrestrial Ecosystems, 1–20. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1620-8_1.

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Chhabra, Ranbir. "Nature and Origin of Salts, Classification, Area and Distribution of Salt-affected Soils." In Salt-affected Soils and Marginal Waters, 1–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78435-5_1.

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Pulatov, Alim, Oybek Egamberdiev, Abdullah Karimov, Mehriddin Tursunov, Sarah Kienzler, Ken Sayre, Latif Tursunov, John P. A. Lamers, and Christopher Martius. "Introducing Conservation Agriculture on Irrigated Meadow Alluvial Soils (Arenosols) in Khorezm, Uzbekistan." In Cotton, Water, Salts and Soums, 195–217. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1963-7_13.

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Al-Ani, A. F. "The Influence of Salts on Physical Properties of Soils." In Hydraulic Design in Water Resources Engineering: Land Drainage, 365–71. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-22014-6_34.

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Shahid, Shabbir A., Mahmoud A. Abdelfattah, and Henda Mahmoudi. "Innovations in Soil Chemical Analyses: New ECs and Total Salts Relationship for Abu Dhabi Emirate Soils." In Developments in Soil Classification, Land Use Planning and Policy Implications, 799–812. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5332-7_46.

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Montoroi, Jean-Pierre. "Soil Salinization and Management of Salty Soils." In Soils as a Key Component of the Critical Zone 5, 97–126. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119438298.ch5.

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Choudhary, Madhu, Priyanka Chandra, and Sanjay Arora. "Soil-Plant-Microbe Interactions in Salt-affected Soils." In Research Developments in Saline Agriculture, 203–35. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5832-6_6.

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Felix-Henningsen, P., B. Rummel, and H. P. Blume. "Soil Processes and Salt Dynamics in Dune Soils." In Ecological Studies, 225–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75498-5_16.

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Chhabra, Ranbir. "Alkali Soils." In Salt-affected Soils and Marginal Waters, 209–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78435-5_5.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Soils, Salts in"

Nosova, M. V., and V. P. Seredina. "COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ECOLOGICAL STATE OF SOILS CONTAMINATED WITH MINERALIZED LIQUIDS AND OIL (WESTERN SIBERIA)." In SAKHAROV READINGS 2022: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. International Sakharov Environmental Institute of Belarusian State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2022-2-275-278.

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The features of the distribution of technogenic halogenesis processes on the soil of various cascade-geochemical positions of the landscape are determined. It was revealed that technogenic salinization is the most detrimental for floodplain soils, since these soils are a kind of main “collection point” for all pollutants. The features and chemistry of technogenic halogenesis processes (content, qualitative composition, patterns of migration and distribution of easily soluble salts, including those toxic to plants) in soils of various pollution zones - the epicenter, the impact zone, the boundary of the oil slick - have been established. It has been revealed that technogenic salinization of floodplain soils, the final link in cascade-geochemical systems, is a significant geoecological factor contributing to the formation of new technogenic soil-geochemical successions in oil-contaminated territories - chemozems with signs of solonchak phenomena that are not characteristic of humid climate conditions. A method for the reclamation of technogenically saline soils by phytomeliorative sowing of native halophyte plants is proposed.

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Gray, D. H. "Movement of Moisture and Dissolved Salts from Soils into Concrete Foundations." In Geo-Denver 2000. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40510(287)36.

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Abbeche, K., O. Bahloul, T. Ayadat, and A. Bahloul. "Treatment of Collapsible Soils by Salts Using the Double Consolidation Method." In GeoShanghai International Conference 2010. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41103(376)10.

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Baraza Piazuelo, Teresa, and Elizabeth A. Hasenmueller. "DO SOILS SLOW THE TRANSPORT OF WINTER DEICING SALTS TO SHALLOW GROUNDWATER?" In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-321022.

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Drovovozova, T. I., S. A. Marias, E. S. Kulakova, and N. N. Panenko. "GEOECOLOGICAL CYCLES OF SALT-FORMING IONS IN AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPES." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS. DSTU-PRINT, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.1.509-513.

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The analysis of the chemical composition of natural water bodies-receivers of drainage and discharge waters. It is shown that the background concentrations of salt-forming ions in water bodies exceed the Mpcrx, which indicates the dominant influence of surface runoff from the entire catchment area and underground feeding by mineralized sulphate groundwater on the formation of the quality of the water environment. The chemical composition of water extract from the soil from irrigated areas adjacent to reservoirs was studied on the example of semikarakorsky district of the Rostov region. The classification of irrigated soils (0-20 cm) adjacent to the reservoirs, the degree and type of salinity depending on the chemistry of salts, which showed that agricultural activity is accompanied by a transformation of the geo-ecological cycles of salt-ions, leading to soil salinization, increase of mineralization of drainage runoff and, as a consequence, water of small streams. Based on the study of the chemical composition of natural, groundwater and water quality in reservoirs, and soil adjacent to sewers the features of dynamics of the content of salt ions and the intensity of their migration in agroecosystems.

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Diaz, Melisa A., Byron J. Adams, Ian Hogg, Noah Fierer, Diana H. Wall, Christopher B. Gardner, Marcella Shaver-Adams, and W. Berry Lyons. "DISTRIBUTION OF WATER-SOLUBLE SALTS IN SOILS OF THE SHACKLETON GLACIER REGION, ANTARCTICA AND IMPLICATIONS FOR SOIL HABITABILITY." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-319464.

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Ribeiro, A., C. Vilarinho, J. Araújo, and J. Carvalho. "Electrokinetic Remediation of Contaminated Soils With Chromium." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-87552.

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Soil is a vital natural resource that regulates our environment sustainability and provide essential resources to humans and nature. Nowadays, with an increasingly populated and urbanized world, pollution is widely recognized as a significant challenge to soil and groundwater resources management. The most common chemicals found in soils and water plumb in a dissolved state and considered as potential pollutants are heavy metals, dyes, phenols, detergents, pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and others organic substances, such as organic matter. Unlike organic contaminants, heavy metals are not biodegradable and tend to accumulate in living organisms and many heavy metal ions are known to be toxic or carcinogenic. Toxic heavy metals of particular concern zinc, copper, nickel, mercury, cadmium, lead and chromium. Electrokinetic remediation deserves particular attention in soil treatment due to its peculiar advantages, including the capability of treating fine and low permeability materials, and achieving consolidation, dewatering and removal of salts and inorganic contaminants like heavy metals in a single stage. In this study, the remediation of artificially chromium contaminated soil by electrokinetic process, coupled with Eggshell Inorganic Fraction Powder (EGGIF) permeable reactive barrier (PRB), was investigated. An electric field of 2 V cm−1 was applied and was used an EGGIF/soil ratio of 30 g kg−1 of contaminated soil for the preparation of the permeable reactive barrier (PRB) in each test. Results proved that the study of chromium mobility revealed the predominance in its transportation through the soil towards the anode, due essentially to the existence of chromium in the form of oxyanions (chromate and dichromate), which confers a negative charge to the molecule. Chromium removal by electrokinetic remediation was faster in low levels of concentration and the utilization of citric acid as buffer and complexing agent allowed to maintain pH of soil below the precipitation limit for this element. It was obtained high removal rates of chromium in both experiments, especially near the anode. In the normalized distance to cathode of 0.8 it was achieved a maximum removal rate of chromium of 55, 59 and 60% in initial chromium concentration of 500 mg kg−1, 250 mg kg−1 and 100 mg kg−1, respectively. The viability of the new coupling technology developed (electrokinetic with EGGIF permeable reactive barrier) to treat low-permeability polluted soils was demonstrated. Based on the proved efficiency, this remediation technique has to be optimized and applied to real soils in order to validate it as a large-scale solution.

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Pristipa, K. V., T. A. Kukulyanskaya, and E. A. Khramtsova. "The content of low molecular weight antioxidants in transgenic plants Nicotiana tabacum under heavy metal salts conditions." In 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.199.

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We were studied several of antioxidants in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum, plants cultivated in heavy metal polluted soils. The content of phenolic compounds, vitamins C and E in plants increased under these conditions.

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Vlasyuk, Anatoliy, Tetiana Tsvetkova, Pawel Falat, Aleksandra Klos-Witkowska, and Kornel Warwas. "Mathematical modelling of infiltration effect on process of salts transfer in layered saturated-non-saturated soils." In 2017 9th IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Data Acquisition and Advanced Computing Systems: Technology and Applications (IDAACS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/idaacs.2017.8095100.

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Larson, Steven, John Ballard, Christopher Griggs, J. Kent Newman, and Catherine Nestler. "An Innovative Non-Petroleum Rhizobium Tropici Biopolymer Salt for Soil Stabilization." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-38933.

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Construction site soils are a significant source of sediment, and pollutants carried by sediment, to surface water runoff. Currently, silt fences/barriers, petroleum-derived polymers, and re-vegetation are the primary tools to prevent sediment loss from construction areas. Even with these methods in place, the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency estimates that 20 to 150 tons of soil per acre is lost to storm water runoff from construction sites each year. A low-cost, environmentally friendly soil amendment that reduces erosion from construction sites would improve surface water quality. An extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) is produced naturally by the symbiotic soil bacterium Rhizobium tropici. A dry, easily transportable salt of this biopolymer, when mixed with soil at low levels (0.01 to 0.5% by mass) substantially increases the soil strength for load bearing, decreases surface erosion and suspended solids in surface water runoff. Re-vegetation is also assisted by biopolymer application, since drought resistance and seed germination rates can be increased by 30% to 40% using the biopolymer. Results of mesoscale rainfall lysimeter system demonstrations of soil amendment with biopolymer documents reduced soil erosion, reduced transport of suspended solids in surface water runoff, and increased establishment success of vegetative cover under simulated drought conditions in biopolymer amended soils.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Soils, Salts in"

Shaw, P., B. Anderson, and D. Davis. Laboratory scale vitrification of low-level radioactive nitrate salts and soils from the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10192334.

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Miyamoto, Seiichi, and Rami Keren. Improving Efficiency of Reclamation of Sodium-Affected Soils. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7570569.bard.

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Sodium affected soils, along with salt-affected soils, are distributed widely in irrigated areas of the arid and semi-arid region of the world. Some of these soils can and must be reclaimed to meet the increasing demand for food, and existing irrigated lands must be managed to reduce salinization and alkalization associated with deteriorating irrigation water quality. This project was conducted for examining ways to reduce the use of chemical amendments and large quantities of leaching water for reclaiming sodic soils or for preventing soil sodification, We hypothesized that sodicity of calcareous soils irrigated with moderately sodic irrigation water can be controlled by maximizing dissolution of soil CaCO3. The work performed in Israel has shown that dissolution of CaCO3 can be enhanced by elevating the CO2 partial pressure in soils, and by increasing pore water velocity. The concentration of Ca in pore water was at an order of 1.5 mmolc L-1 at a CO2 partial pressure of 5 kPa, which is sufficient to maintain SAR below 4 at salinity of irrigation water of 0.5 dS m-1 or less. Incorporation of crop residue at a flesh weight of 100 Mg ha-1 reduced the exchangeable Na percentage from 19 to 5%, while it remained 14% without crop residue application These findings indicate a possibility of preventing soil sodification with appropriate crop rotation and residue management without chemical amendments, provided that soils remain permeable. In the case of highly sodic soils, dissolution of CaCO3 alone is usually insufficient to maintain soil permeability during initial leaching. We examined the effect of salinity and sodicity on water infiltration, then developed a way to estimate the amendments required on the basis of water infiltration and drainage characteristics, rather than the traditional idea of reducing the exchangeable Na percentage to a pre-fixed value. Initial indications from soil column and lysimeter study are that the proposed method provides realistic estimates of amendment requirements. We further hypothesized that cultivation of salt-tolerant plants with water of elevated salinity can enhance reclamation of severely Na-affected soils primarily through improved water infiltration and increased dissolution of CaCO3 through respiration. An outdoor lysimeter experiment using two saline sodic Entisols sodded with saltgrass for two seasons did not necessarily support this hypothesis. While there was an evidence of increased removal of the exchangeable Na originally present in the soils, the final salinity and sodicity measured were lowest without sod, and highest when sodded. High transpiration rates, coupled with low permeability and/or inadequate leaching seemed to have offset the potential benefits of increased CaCO3 dissolution and subsequent removal of exchangeable Na. Although vegetative means of reclaiming sodic soils had been reported to be effective in sandy soils with sufficient permeability, additional study is needed for its use in saline sodic soils under the high evaporative demand. The use of cool season grass after initial salt leaching with CaCl2 should be explored. Results obtained from this project have several potential applications, which include the use of crop residues for maintaining sodium balance, the use of CaCl2 for initial leaching of poorly permeable clayey sodic soils, and appraisal of sodicity effects, and appropriate rates and types of amendments required for reclamation

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Steenhuis, Tammo S., Israela Ravina, Jean-Yves Parlange, Rony Wallach, and Larry D. Geohring. Improving Preferential Flow Modules by Experimentation. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7570552.bard.

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Preferential flow is the process whereby water and solutes move by preferred pathways. During preferential flow, local wetting fronts propagate to considerable depths in the soil profile, essentially bypassing the matrix pore space. Under such conditions classical methods, such as the convective-dispersive equation, for quantifying flow of water and solutes in uniform soils are not valid. This project set out to develop methods to predict fast and early breakthrough of solutes. To facilitate understanding of these processes, several field drainage studies were conducted in the United States and Israel. In both countries, solutes moved rapidly down and could be found below 1 m depth soon after application. Based on these experiments, we developed and validated a number of modules to predict the solute concentration of the preferentially moving water in the vadose zone. We also successfully simulatd the initial high solute concentration in agriculturel tile lines shortly after the chemical was applied. The understanding gained on fast transport of agri-chemicals is instrumental in developing management practices to reduce the nonpoint sources and to increase the leaching efficiency of salt affected soils.

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Bradford, Joe, Itzhak Shainberg, and Lloyd Norton. Effect of Soil Properties and Water Quality on Concentrated Flow Erosion (Rills, Ephermal Gullies and Pipes). United States Department of Agriculture, November 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7613040.bard.

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Concentrated flow erosion in rills, pipes, ephermal gullies, and gullies is a major contributor of downstream sedimentation. When rill or gullies form in a landscape, a 3- to 5-fold increase in soil loss commonly occurs. The balance between the erosive power of the flow and the erosion resistance of the bed material determines the rate of concentrated flow erosion. The resistance of the bed material to detachment depends primarily on the magnitude of the interparticle forces or cohesion holding the particles and aggregates together. The effect of soil properties on bed material resistance and concentrated flow erosion was evaluated both in the laboratory and field. Both rill erodibility and critical hydraulic shear were greater when measured in 9.0 m long rills under field conditions compared with laboratory mini-flumes. A greater hydraulic shear was required to initiate erosion in the field compared to the mini-flume because of the greater aggregate and clod size and stability. Once erosion was initiated, however, the rate of erosion as a function of hydraulic shear was greater under field conditions because of the greater potential for slaking upon wetting and the greater soil surface area exposed to hydraulic shear. Erosion tests under controlled laboratory conditions with the mini-flume allowed individual soil variables to be studied. Attempts to relate rill erosion to a group soil properties had limited success. When individual soil properties were isolated and studied separately or grouped separately, some trends were identified. For example, the effect of organic carbon on rill erodibility was high in kaolinitic soils, low in smectitic soils, and intermediate in the soils dominated by illite. Slow prewetting and aging increased the cohesion forces between soil particles and decreased rill erodibility. Quick prewetting increased aggregate slaking and increased erodibility. The magnitude of the effect of aging depended upon soil type. The effect of clay mineralogy was evaluated on sand/clay mixtures with montmorillonite (M), Illite (I), and kaolinite (K) clays. Montmorillonite/sand mixtures were much less erodible than either illite or kaolonite sand mixtures. Na-I and Na-K sand mixtures were more erodible than Ca-I and Ca-K due to increased strength from ionic bonding and suppression of repulsive charges by Ca. Na-M was less erodiblethan Ca-M due to increased surface resulting from the accessibility of internal surfaces due to Na saturation. Erodibility decreased when salt concentration was high enough to cause flocculation. This occurred between 0.001 mole L-1 and 0.01 mole L-1. Measuring rill erodibility in mini-flumes enables the measurement of cohesive forces between particles and enhances our ability to learn more about cohesive forces resisting soil detachment under concentrated water flow.

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Huiskes, A. H., and J. Nieuwenhuize. Uptake of Heavy Metals from Contaminated Soils by Salt-Marsh Plants. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada157174.

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M., Devkota, Gupta R.K., Martius C., Lamers J.P.A., Sayre K.D., and Vlek P.L.G. Soil salinity management on raised beds with different furrow irrigation modes in salt-affected lands. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17528/cifor/005519.

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Dermatas, D. Stabilization and reuse of heavy metal contaminated soils by means of quicklime sulfate salt treatment. Final report, September 1992--February 1995. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/201739.

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Berkowitz, Jacob, Christine VanZomeren, and Nicole Fresard. Rapid formation of iron sulfides alters soil morphology and chemistry following simulated marsh restoration. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42155.

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Many marshes show signs of degradation due to fragmentation, lack of sediment inputs, and erosion which may be exacerbated by sea level rise and increasing storm frequency/intensity. As a result, resource managers seek to restore marshes via introduction of sediment to increase elevation and stabilize the marsh platform. Recent field observations suggest the rapid formation of iron sulfide (FeS) materials following restoration in several marshes. To investigate, a laboratory microcosm study evaluated the formation of FeS following simulated restoration activities under continually inundated, simulated drought, and simulated tidal conditions. Results indicate that FeS horizon development initiated within 16 days, expanding to encompass > 30% of the soil profile after 120 days under continuously inundated and simulated tidal conditions. Continuously inundated conditions supported higher FeS content compared to other treatments. Dissolved and total Fe and S measurements suggest the movement and diffusion of chemical constituents from native marsh soil upwards into the overlying sediments, driving FeS precipitation. The study highlights the need to consider biogeochemical factors resulting in FeS formation during salt marsh restoration activities. Additional field research is required to link laboratory studies, which may represent a worst-case scenario, with in-situ conditions.

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Langton, C. TECHNETIUM OXIDATION IN SLAG-BASED SODIUM SALT WASTE FORMS EXPOSED TO WATER AND MOIST HANFORD SOIL. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1165533.

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Langton, C. TC OXIDATION IN SLAG-BASED SODIUM SALT WASTE FORMS EXPOSED TO WATER AND MOIST HANFORD SOIL. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1150632.

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