Готові списки джерел за темами / Soils and climate Australia

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Soils and climate Australia"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022
Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями

Оберіть тип джерела:

Зміст

Ознайомтеся зі списками актуальних статей, книг, дисертацій, тез та інших наукових джерел на тему "Soils and climate Australia".

Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.

Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.

Статті в журналах з теми "Soils and climate Australia"

1

O'Sullivan, Cathryn A., Steven A. Wakelin, Ian R. P. Fillery, and Margaret M. Roper. "Factors affecting ammonia-oxidising microorganisms and potential nitrification rates in southern Australian agricultural soils." Soil Research 51, no. 3 (2013): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr13039.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
Ammonia-oxidising archaea (AOA) have recently been described as having an important role in soil nitrification. However, published data on factors which influence their distribution and their impact on a soil’s potential nitrification rates (PNR) are sparse, particularly compared with the amount of information available regarding ammonia-oxidising bacteria (AOB). This study had two aims. First, to investigate which environmental factors affect the AOA : AOB ratio in soils from two agricultural regions, and second, to explore whether the abundance of either AOA or AOB correlated with PNR. Samples were collected from 45 sites within the cropping regions of Western Australia and South Australia. Soils were tested for pH, NH4+/NO3–, organic carbon (C), total nitrogen (N), C : N ratio, PNR, and electrical conductivity. Climate data were obtained from the Queensland Climate Change Centre for Excellence SILO website. Abundances of AOA and AOB were measured using real-time PCR quantification of the gene encoding the ammonia monooxygenase enzyme (amoA). Multivariate statistical analysis was applied to assess correlations between PNR, soil properties, and abundance of AOA or AOB. In the majority samples AOA were present, but their abundance, and the AOA : AOB ratio, varied considerably between sites. Multivariate analysis showed that the distribution of AOA and AOB and the AOA : AOB ratio were strongly correlated with climatic and seasonal factors. Sites where samples were collected during dry, hot periods tended to be AOA-dominated, whereas samples collected during cool, wet periods tended to be AOB-dominated or have equal abundances of AOA and AOB. The PNRs were correlated with total N content, organic C content, and soil pH. There was no clear correlation between AOA or AOB and PNR. This study shows that both AOA and AOB are widespread in Western Australian and South Australian soils and their abundance and ratio are affected by climate and season. It also shows that PNR is more strongly influenced by soil fertility factors than by the AOA : AOB ratio.
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
2

Simpson, Stuart L., Rob W. Fitzpatrick, Paul Shand, Brad M. Angel, David A. Spadaro, and Luke Mosley. "Climate-driven mobilisation of acid and metals from acid sulfate soils." Marine and Freshwater Research 61, no. 1 (2010): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf09066.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
The recent drought in south-eastern Australia has exposed to air, large areas of acid sulfate soils within the River Murray system. Oxidation of these soils has the potential to release acidity, nutrients and metals. The present study investigated the mobilisation of these substances following the rewetting of dried soils with River Murray water. Trace metal concentrations were at background levels in most soils. During 24-h mobilisation tests, the water pH was effectively buffered to the pH of the soil. The release of nutrients was low. Metal release was rapid and the dissolved concentrations of many metals exceeded the Australian water quality guidelines (WQGs) in most tests. The concentrations of dissolved Al, Cu and Zn were often greater than 100× the WQGs and strong relationships existed between dissolved metal release and soil pH. Attenuation of dissolved metal concentrations through co-precipitation and adsorption to Al and Fe precipitates was an important process during mixing of acidic, metal-rich waters with River Murray water. The study demonstrated that the rewetting of dried acid sulfate soils may release significant quantities of metals and a high level of land and water management is required to counter the effects of such climate change events.
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
3

Turner, NC. "Crop production on duplex soils: an introduction." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 32, no. 7 (1992): 797. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9920797.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
Duplex or texture-contrast soils occur over about 60% of the agricultural areas of south-west Western Australia. Annual crops of wheat, barley, oats, and lupins predominate on these soils, grown in rotation with annual pastures. The climate is characterised by cool, wet winters and hot, dry summers. Crop production is restricted to the winter and spring and is limited by waterlogging in the wet winter months and by water shortage during grain filling in spring. Research on crop production on duplex soils has been undertaken for the past 8 years by a collaborative team from the CSIRO Dryland Crops andyoils Program and the Western Australian Department of Agriculture. This research has been focussed on 3 sites at which processes limiting crop production on duplex soils have been highlighted. This special issue was initiated to summarise that research and to put it in its regional and national perspective. Additionally, opportunity was taken to compare and contrast experiences both within Western Australia and throughout Australia, and to draw out management options for crop production on duplex soils.
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
4

Barron, O. V., R. S. Crosbie, D. Pollock, W. R. Dawes, S. P. Charles, T. Pickett, and M. Donn. "Climatic controls on diffuse groundwater recharge across Australia." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 9, no. 5 (May 9, 2012): 6023–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-9-6023-2012.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
Abstract. Reviews of field studies of groundwater recharge have attempted to investigate how climate characteristics control recharge, but due to a lack of data have not been able to draw any strong conclusions beyond that rainfall is the major determinant. This study has used numerical modeling for a range of Köppen-Geiger climate types (tropical, arid and temperate) to investigate the effect of climate variables on recharge for different soil and vegetation types. For the majority of climate types the total annual rainfall had a weaker correlation with recharge than the rainfall parameters reflecting rainfall intensity. In regions with winter-dominated rainfall, annual recharge under the same annual rainfall, soils and vegetation conditions is greater than in regions with summer-dominated rainfall. The relative importance of climate parameters other than rainfall is higher for recharge under annual vegetation, but overall is highest in the tropical climate type. Solar radiation and vapour pressure deficit show a greater relative importance than mean annual daily mean temperature. Climate parameters have lowest relative importance in the arid climate type (with cold winters) and the temperate climate type. For 75% of all considered cases of soil, vegetation and climate types recharge elasticity varies between 2 and 4, indicating a 20% to 40% change in recharge for a 10% change in annual rainfall Understanding how climate controls recharge under the observed historical climate allows more informed choices of analogue sites if they are to be used for climate change impact assessments.
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
5

Doolette, Ashlea L., Ronald J. Smernik, and Timothy I. McLaren. "The composition of organic phosphorus in soils of the Snowy Mountains region of south-eastern Australia." Soil Research 55, no. 1 (2017): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr16058.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
Few studies have considered the influence of climate on organic phosphorus (P) speciation in soils. We used sodium hydroxide–ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (NaOH–EDTA) soil extractions and solution 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to investigate the soil P composition of five alpine and sub-alpine soils. The aim was to compare the P speciation of this set of soils with those of soils typically reported in the literature from other cold and wet locations, as well as those of other Australian soils from warmer and drier environments. For all alpine and sub-alpine soils, the majority of P detected was in an organic form (54–66% of total NaOH–EDTA extractable P). Phosphomonoesters comprised the largest pool of extractable organic P (83–100%) with prominent peaks assigned to myo- and scyllo-inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6), although trace amounts of the neo- and d-chiro-IP6 stereoisomers were also present. Phosphonates were identified in the soils from the coldest and wettest locations; α- and β-glycerophosphate and mononucleotides were minor components of organic P in all soils. The composition of organic P in these soils contrasts with that reported previously for Australian soils from warm, dry environments where inositol phosphate (IP6) peaks were less dominant or absent and humic-P and α- and β-glycerophosphate were proportionally larger components of organic P. Instead, the soil organic P composition exhibited similarities to soils from other cold, wet environments. This provides preliminary evidence that climate is a key driver in the variation of organic P speciation in soils.
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
6

Naidu, R., and P. Rengasamy. "Ion interactions and constraints to plant nutrition in Australian sodic soils." Soil Research 31, no. 6 (1993): 801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9930801.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
Many of the arable soils in Australia are affected by salinity and/or sodicity. Nutrient deficiency and ion toxicity may occur in both saline and sodic soils. Ho-ever, the mechanism for these constraints on plant growth in sodic soils differs from that of saline soils. Fertility of sodic soils with low nutrient reserves is compounded by the low supply of water and oxygen to roots in profiles with dispersive clays. Nutrient constraints in sodic soils are created by the electron and proton activities (pE and pH) in an environment of degraded soil structure. Australian sodic soils accumulate relatively low levels of organic matter. High sodium, high pH and low biological activity, commonly found in these soils, are not conducive for both the accumulation of organic matter and its mineralization. As a result, these soils are deficient in N and S. Australian soils are highly weathered and have moderate to low reserves of many plant nutrients such as Cu, Mn, Mo, Zn and P. Solubility of phosphorus is generally increased in sodic soils. Poor leaching conditions accumulate boron in soil layers. Higher concentrations of sodium than of calcium in these soils are the major cause of both physical and nutritional problems. Therefore, amelioration of sodicity is the logical first step in improving the chemical fertility of sodic soils. However, fertilizer application and improvement of soil organic matter are essential to increase yields to match the potential yield predictable from climate.
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
7

Morris, Peter H., J. Graham, and David J. Williams. "Cracking in drying soils." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 29, no. 2 (April 1, 1992): 263–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t92-030.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
Cracking in soils that are undergoing drying is controlled by soil suctions and by soil properties such as compression modulus, Poisson's ratio, shear strength, tensile strength, and specific surface energy. The paper reviews the occurrence and morphology of cracks in dry-climate regions of Australia and Canada. After reviewing the behaviour of unsaturated soils and the mechanics of cracking, solutions are developed based on (i) elasticity theory, (ii) the transition between tensile and shear failure, and (iii) linear elastic fracture mechanics. The solutions are compared and related to crack depths observed in the field. Key words : clay, cracks, crust, shear strength, soil suction, tensile strength, unsaturated soil, weathering.
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
8

Karim, Md Rajibul, Md Mizanur Rahman, Khoi Nguyen, Donald Cameron, Asif Iqbal, and Isaac Ahenkorah. "Changes in Thornthwaite Moisture Index and Reactive Soil Movements under Current and Future Climate Scenarios—A Case Study." Energies 14, no. 20 (October 17, 2021): 6760. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14206760.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
Expansive soils go through significant volume changes due to seasonal moisture variations resulting in ground movements. The ground movement related problems are likely to worsen in the future due to climate change. It is important to understand and incorporate likely future changes in design to ensure the resilience of structures built on such soils. However, there has been a limited amount of work quantifying the effect of climate change on expansive soils movement and related behaviour of structures. The Thornthwaite Moisture Index (TMI) is one of the commonly used climate classifiers in quantifying the effect of atmospheric boundary on soil behaviour. Using the long-term weather data and predicted future changes under different emission scenarios, a series of TMI maps are developed for South Australia. Potential changes in ground movement are then estimated for a selected area using a simplified methodology where the effect of future climate is captured through changes in TMI. Results indicate that South Australia is likely to face a significant reduction in TMI under all emission scenarios considered in this study. The changes in TMI will lead to a considerable increase in potential ground movement which will influence the behaviour of structures built on them and in some areas may lead to premature failure if not considered in the design.
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
9

Pound, M. J., J. Tindall, S. J. Pickering, A. M. Haywood, H. J. Dowsett, and U. Salzmann. "Late Pliocene lakes and soils: a global data set for the analysis of climate feedbacks in a warmer world." Climate of the Past 10, no. 1 (January 23, 2014): 167–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-167-2014.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
Abstract. The global distribution of late Pliocene soils and lakes has been reconstructed using a synthesis of geological data. These reconstructions are then used as boundary conditions for the Hadley Centre General Circulation Model (HadCM3) and the BIOME4 mechanistic vegetation model. By combining our novel soil and lake reconstructions with a fully coupled climate model we are able to explore the feedbacks of soils and lakes on the climate of the late Pliocene. Our experiments reveal regionally confined changes of local climate and vegetation in response to the new boundary conditions. The addition of late Pliocene soils has the largest influence on surface air temperatures, with notable increases in Australia, the southern part of northern Africa and in Asia. The inclusion of late Pliocene lakes increases precipitation in central Africa and at the locations of lakes in the Northern Hemisphere. When combined, the feedbacks on climate from late Pliocene lakes and soils improve the data to model fit in western North America and the southern part of northern Africa.
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
10

Pound, M. J., J. Tindall, S. J. Pickering, A. M. Haywood, H. J. Dowsett, and U. Salzmann. "Late Pliocene lakes and soils: a data – model comparison for the analysis of climate feedbacks in a warmer world." Climate of the Past Discussions 9, no. 3 (June 17, 2013): 3175–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-9-3175-2013.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
Abstract. Based on a synthesis of geological data we have reconstructed the global distribution of Late Pliocene soils and lakes which are then used as boundary conditions in a series of model experiments using the Hadley Centre General Circulation Model (HadCM3) and the BIOME4 mechanistic vegetation model. By combining our novel soil and lake reconstructions with a fully coupled climate model we are able to explore the feedbacks of soils and lakes on the climate of the Late Pliocene. Our experiments reveal regionally confined changes of local climate and vegetation in response to the new boundary conditions. The addition of Late Pliocene soils has the largest influence on surface air temperatures, with notable increases in Australia, southern North Africa and Asia. The inclusion of Late Pliocene lakes generates a significant increase in precipitation in central Africa, as well as seasonal increases in the Northern Hemisphere. When combined, the feedbacks on climate from Late Pliocene lakes and soils improve the data to model fit in western North America and southern North Africa.
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Soils and climate Australia"

1

Grover, Samantha Patricia Power, and samgrover1@gmail com. "Carbon and water dynamics of peat soils in the Australian Alps." La Trobe University. Centre for Applied Alpine Ecology, School of Life Sciences, 2006. http://www.lib.latrobe.edu.au./thesis/public/adt-LTU20070627.172842.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
This research investigated carbon dynamics, water dynamics and peat formation at Wellington Plain peatland in the Victorian Alps. The properties of bog peat and dried peat were measured, and the ensuing results are outlined below. The carbon chemistries of both bog peat and dried peat displayed changes with depth consistent with an increase in the extent of decomposition of the organic material. Representative changes in the alkyl:O-alkyl ratio down the profile were 0.14 to 0.96 for bog peat and 0.28 to 1.07 for dried peat. Laboratory incubations on the influence of chemistry, particle size, water content and sample preparation indicated that, in the absence of confounding factors, peat chemistry was the most important factor in determining the size of the mineralisable carbon pool. Water content was the most important factor in determining the rate of carbon mineralization. In the field, both bog peat and dried peat emitted an average of 2 g CO2/m2/d from the surface. Carbon mineralisation was related to both soil temperature and soil water content, and this relationship was used to model peat mineralisation under a range of possible future climate scenarios. Below the surface, however, I measured lower rates of decomposition in the dried peat than in the bog peat. The water-holding capacity of peat was measured in the laboratory, as was the rate of water movement through peat. Specific yield decreased down the profile in both bog peat (0.88 to 0.45 cm3/cm3) and dried peat (0.36 to 0.11 cm3/cm3). Hydraulic conductivity also decreased down the profile in both peats: 5.1x10-4 to 3.0x10-6 m/s in bog peat, and 1.0x10-4 to 7.0x10-6 m/s in dried peat. Relationships between the hydrologic properties of peat and its physical and chemical properties were identified. In the field, fluctuations in the watertable were monitored in concert with rainfall. These laboratory and field measurements enabled me to develop models of the hydrology of bog peat and dried peat. Radioisotope dating indicated that both bog peat and dried peat began forming around 3300 years ago. The bog peat appeared to have drained to form dried peat between 131 and 139 years ago. Since that time, erosion appeared to have contributed more to the loss of organic material from dried peat than carbon mineralisation had.
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
2

Tiver, Fleur. "Vegetation patterns of eastern South Australia : edaphic control and effects of herbivory /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pht623.pdf.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
3

Grevenitz, Paul. "The character and genesis of pedogenic calcrete in southern Australia." Access electronically, 2006. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20061206.141643/index.html.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
4

Farhoodi, Alireza. "Lime requirement in acidifying cropping soils in South Australia." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phf223.pdf.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
"August 2002" Bibliography: leaves 230-254. Field sites and soils from cropping studies in the mid-north of South Australia were used to address questions of soil responses to lime and the influence of acidifying inputs. The study showed that LMWOAs associated with different stubbles can help to ameliorate toxicity through complexation with A1.
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
5

Hardiputra, Bingah Astuti. "Properties of rehabilitated coalmine soils at Collie." University of Western Australia. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Discipline Group, 2004. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0041.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
[Truncated abstract] Many soil properties are involved in supporting the growth of plants and in limiting soil degradation. The present study was carried out to provide a basis for minimising environmental impact by providing a firm understanding of the soil properties that affect plant growth for soils developed from mining waste from the Wesfarmers Premier coalmine at Collie. The purpose of this study was to provide an understanding of the soil materials and to identify the potential interactions between soil properties and plants for soils developed on coalmine materials at the Premier mine, Collie. This research was to identify the nature of the manmade soils so as to determine if soil forming processes are active, to determine soil acidity including pH buffering capacity and the lime requirement of soils, to measure water retention characteristics and soil available water for plant growth, to relate soil properties to possible effects on plant growth, and to identify management strategies to improve soil conditions and overcome plant growth constraints. Seventy-seven manmade horizons from pits in 18 constructed soils, ranging from 9 to 21-years old, were analyzed throughout this study. These samples are classified based on soil depth, layer (topsoil and subsoil), and age of soil since rehabilitation. The methods for doing most of the analyses follow the Australian Soil and Land Survey handbook by Rayment and Higginson (1992). The results are presented quantitatively and soil properties are compared to provide information on pedogenic processes, the extent of soil development, the ability of the soils to resist degradation and to provide an indication of soil parent materials
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
6

Fotovat, Amir. "Chemistry of indigenous Zn and Cu in the soil-water system : alkaline sodic and acidic soils." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phf761.pdf.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
Copies of author's previously published articles inserted. Bibliography: leaves 195-230. In this study the soil aqueous phase chemistry of Zn and Cu in alkaline sodic soils are investigated. The chemistry of trace metal ions at indigenous concentrations in alkaline sodic soils are reported. Metal ions at low concentrations are measured by the graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) technique.
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
7

Morey, Bethany. "Organic profiling of Western Australia soils for provenance determination." Thesis, Morey, Bethany (2018) Organic profiling of Western Australia soils for provenance determination. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2018. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/41698/.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
In Western Australia, the Swan Coastal Plain encompasses the majority of the Perth metropolitan region and hence is often the site of forensic investigations. Due to the similarity in the geology and associated mineralogical profiles of the area, analysis of organic components of soil recovered from items of interest may provide greater discriminatory power when attempting to determine provenance. Identification of plant waxes has been used previously in the United Kingdom to discriminate between soils derived from garden beds; however, the wider applicability of the technique, particularly for soils low in organic matter, such as those present within the Swan Coastal Plain in Perth, Western Australia, has not been demonstrated. The efficiencies of two methods were compared to assess their suitability for the extraction of plant wax compounds in Perth Metropolitan soils. Soxhlet extraction was found as the more accurate method when compared with the alternative liquid-liquid extraction. The development of the Soxhlet methodology enabled the extraction of alkanes and fatty acids from a 2.5 g soil sample. Soil samples were collected within a series of North-South and East-West lines within the Bassendean and Spearwood Dune systems of the Swan Coastal Plain (n=19) to represent a small sample of differing soils provenances and enabled the investigation of the between-site variation. Samples were subjected to Soxhlet extraction for 24h, and the alkanes and fatty acids present in the extracts were analysed using GC-MS. Qualitative analysis (n=8) of combined alkane and fatty acid profiles provided a preliminary understanding of the differences that may occur between sample sites as a result of the surrounding botanical influences. Quantitative analysis (n=11) revealed that the combined alkane and fatty acid profiles enabled the discrimination between the soil sites (R = 0.873 p = 0.001). The results of this study indicate the potential for the organic profiling of soils with low organic content at a scale relevant to forensic investigations.
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
8

Odell, Simon Paul. "Microbial reclamation of alkaline sodic soils /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ASOP/09asopo23.pdf.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
9

Williams, Allyson. "Climate change in the Southwest of Western Australia." Thesis, Williams, Allyson (1991) Climate change in the Southwest of Western Australia. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 1991. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/41550/.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
Previous studies in the southwest of Western Australia suggest a trend of decreasing rainfall in both a spatial and temporal sense. What are the primary influences of this climatic change? This analysis is a four step process involving examining the spatial distribution of rainfall, determining the major influences of the climate, determining what spatial and temporal changes have occurred, and explain possible causes of these changes. Climatic data for winter and summer seasons and,.over four time periods (1900-45, 1946-90, 1946-68, 1968-90) is examined at thirtyfive stations in the southwest for any longterm trends, their degree of statistical significance, and how they relate to widespread climate change and regional changes. Of special interest here is the possible effect a rapid, large scale change of vegetation has on the precipitation of this region. For the period 1946-90 the winter rainfall is decreasing along the west and south coasts. The trends are as predicted by the proposed Greenhouse effect. However the high degree of natural variability of climate data is reinforced with trends being within the scope of the natural fluctuations.
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
10

Barnuud, Nyamdorj Namjildorj. "Determining climate change impacts on viticulture in Western Australia." Thesis, Curtin University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1677.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
Global climate model simulations indicate 1.3°C to 1.8°C increase in the Earth’s average temperature by middle of this century above the 1980 to 1999 average. The magnitude and rate of change of this projected warming is greater than the average warming during the last century. Global climate models project an even higher degree of warming later in the century also due to increasing grrenhouse gases concentrations in the atmosphere from human activity. Impacts of future climate change on viticulture are likely to be significant as viticulture requires a narrow climate range to produce grapes of suitable quality for premium wine production.In this thesis, impacts of climate change on winegrape growing conditions across the Western Australian wine regions were spatially and temporally examined by utilising fine resolution downscaled climate projections. Relationships between climate variation and grape maturity or key quality attributes of Cabernet Sauvignon, Shiraz and Chardonnay were modelled from measured fruit and climate data along a natural climate gradient encompassing a 5°C range in winegrape growing season average temperature. Potential future climate change impacts on grape quality were quantitatively evaluated by driving the grape quality models with the downscaled climate projections.Analyses of climate conditions for winegrape growth were carried out under future climate projections for the Western Australian wine regions. A total of 10 global climate models forced with an A2 emission scenario were downscaled. Of these models, the MEDRES Miroc3.2 and CSIRO Mk3.5 climate models, which indicated the low and high warming ranges (projections of these models will be referred as low and high range warming, hereafter) across the study regions, were selected to take into account the uncertainty of future climate change for impact assessment. Our results indicate increasingly warmer and drier climate conditions for the Western Australian wine regions. The current October to April average temperature (averaged across the regions) is projected to be 0.5°C to 1.5°C warmer by 2030, respectively. The magnitude of the warming will likely be uneven across the regions. For example, 0.1 to 0.3°C higher average temperature during October to April period has been projected for the northern regions than the southern regions by 2030, depending on the warming ranges. On the other hand, rainfall is projected to decrease across the regions under the future scenario we assessed in this study. By 2030, annual rainfall, averaged across the regions, is projected to decline by 5 to 8%, respectively, under the low and high warming ranges of climate change under the A2 emission scenario. Among seasons, the greatest decline in rainfall is projected to occur during spring. On average, up to 8% and 19% decline in spring rainfall is projected respectively under the low and high warming ranges by 2030.The magnitude of these changes are projected to increase as time progresses. For example, by 2070, averaged across the study regions, our modelling results show current mean temperature during October to April is projected to be between 1.1°C and 3.9°C warmer, but the annual rainfall is likely to be 15 to 24% lower than the current climate averages (1975 to 2005) under the A2 scenario.Maturity dates of the studied varieties are projected to advance asymmetrically across the study regions. For example, Cabernet Sauvignon may reach 22 °Brix total soluble solid maturity about 4 and 7 days earlier respectively for the northern and the southern regions by 2030 under the low warming range. Our results also indicate maturity date shifting a further 8 and 18 days earlier by 2070 for the northern and the southern regions respectively under the same warming range. Patterns of this maturity date shifting is likely to be similar under the high warming range. However, the magnitude of advancement is projected to be doubled.If no adaptive measures are implemented future climate change will likely reduce wine quality due to declining concentrations of berry anthocyanins and acidity under a warmer climate. The reductions of berry quality attributes are likely to be more pronounced in the warmer northern wine regions compared to the cooler southern regions. For example, Cabernet Sauvignon current median anthocyanins concentration is projected to decline by about 12% and 33% for the warmer northern regions, and about 6 to 18% for the cooler southern wine regions respectively by 2030 and 2070 under the high warming range. In contrast, the maximum decline in Cabernet Sauvignon anthocyanin concentration under the lower warming range is projected to be small, up to 5% for the cooler southern and up to 8% for the warmer northern regions by 2070. Shiraz anthocyanins concentration decrease pattern is similar to that of Cabernet Sauvignon, however, our modelling indicates the magnitude is smaller, with maximum of 18% for Swan District and about 11% for the southern regions by 2070 under the high warming range.Modelled impacts of climate change on grape titratable acidity are also region and variety specific. Among the varieties studied, Chardonnay exhibits the highest decline in median titratable acidity across the regions (17% for the Margaret River and 42% for the Swan District regions), followed by Shiraz (7% for the Margaret River and 15% for the Peel regions) and Cabernet Sauvignon (no change for Blackwood and 12% for the Swan District regions) by 2070 under high climate warming. On the other hand, the median titratable acidity levels are less impacted by low warming scenario (maximum decline is 4% for Shiraz only by 2070).Under the future warming scenarios studied in this thesis currently established wine regions and wine styles across the Western Australian wine regions are likely to be affected to the extent that some regions may not be conducive to premium wine production, while for some regions changing the variety may be the only option to adapt to the climate change. For example, by 2070, under high warming range Swan District, Perth Hills, and some parts of the Peel and Geographe regions are projected to be suited more to producing fortified wines or table grapes due to high average growing season temperature (>24°C). In this future climate the present cool climate southern regions are likely to have the same climate conditions that currently prevail in the warmer Swan District. Apparent differences in currently planted varieties between the cooler southern and warmer northern regions clearly indicate the need to adapt to the warming climate in the southern wine regions.Analysis of other potential factors that influence viticulture such as frequency of hot days, vapour pressure deficit and disease pressure were examined. The results indicated that winegrape fungal disease pressure will likely decrease across the regions due to the declining rainfall, potentially lessening the need for spraying during the growing season. On the other hand, there will likely be increased frequency of hot days and elevated vapour pressure deficit. The impacts of these, combined with the decreasing rainfall during growing season will potentially drive irrigation demand higher requiring altered water management under climate change.Climatically, most of the Western Australian wine regions are known as premium wine producing areas. The results from this study indicate potential challenges of climate change for the Western Australian wine industry. Under the future climate scenarios examined, some currently warmer regions may become less suitable for premium quality wines due to the increased temperature, which is projected to be out of the optimum temperature range for premium wine production. For most of the other regions, the challenge will likely be a decreased grape quality required to produce premium wine with the current varieties. Suitable adaptation strategies may be required to maintain the current market reputation. Furthermore, the warmer and drier conditions under climate change is likely to necessitate revised water management across the wine growing regions, especially some regions which are already limited by available water for grape production. However, the magnitude of the impacts is projected to be dependent upon the magnitude of future climate change.
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
Більше джерел

Книги з теми "Soils and climate Australia"

1

Meteorology, Australia Bureau of. Climate of Australia. [Melbourne, Vic.]: Australian Bureau of Meteorology, 2008.

Знайти повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
2

Meteorology, Australia Bureau of. Climate of Australia. [Melbourne, Vic.]: Australian Bureau of Meteorology, 2008.

Знайти повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
3

Tim, Bonyhady, and Christoff Peter, eds. Climate law in Australia. Annandale, N.S.W: Federation Press, 2007.

Знайти повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
4

Kummer, Patricia K. The changing climate of Australia. New York: Cavendish Square, 2014.

Знайти повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
5

Global patterns: Climate, vegetation, and soils. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1991.

Знайти повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
6

McArthur, W. M. Reference soils of south-western Australia. Perth, W.A: Dept. of Agriculture, Western Australia on behalf of the Australian Society of Soil Science, 1991.

Знайти повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
7

Burvill, G. H. The soils of the Salmon Gums district - Western Australia. Perth: Western Australia Department of Agriculture, 1988.

Знайти повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
8

R, Lal, ed. Global climate change and pedogenic carbonates. Boca Raton, Fla: Lewis, 2000.

Знайти повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
9

International, Meeting on Soils with Mediterranean Type of Climates (7th 2001 Valenzano Italy). 7th International Meeting on Soils with Mediterranean Type of Climate: Selected papers. Valenzano, Italia: CIHEAM, Institut agronomique Méditerranéen de Bari, 2002.

Знайти повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
10

Lavrov, A. P. Pochvenno-klimaticheskoe raĭonirovanie ravninnogo Turkmenistanǎ: Vne zony Karakumskogo kanala. Ashkhabad: Ylym, 1985.

Знайти повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
Більше джерел

Частини книг з теми "Soils and climate Australia"

1

Sparrow, Leigh A., and William E. Cotching. "Potato Production in Tasmania, Australia – An Overview of Climate, Soils and Practices." In Sustainable Potato Production: Global Case Studies, 275–80. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4104-1_15.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
2

Osman, Khan Towhid. "Climate Change and Soil." In Soils, 253–61. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5663-2_15.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
3

El-Marsafawy, Samia, Noura Bakr, Tamer Elbana, and Hassan El-Ramady. "Climate." In World Soils Book Series, 69–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95516-2_5.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
4

De Ruyver, Roberto, and Carlos Di Bella. "Climate." In World Soils Book Series, 27–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76853-3_3.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
5

Khalili, Ali, and Jaber Rahimi. "Climate." In World Soils Book Series, 19–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69048-3_3.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
6

Ray, Kamaljit, S. D. Attri, H. Pathak, Anjani Kumar, and Dibyendu Chaterjee. "Climate." In The Soils of India, 41–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31082-0_3.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
7

Retallack, Gregory J. "Climate." In Soils of the Past, 153–75. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-7902-7_9.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
8

Imamul Huq, S. M., and Jalal Uddin Md. Shoaib. "Climate." In World Soils Book Series, 15–30. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1128-0_3.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
9

Pavlović, Pavle, Nikola Kostić, Branko Karadžić, and Miroslava Mitrović. "Climate." In World Soils Book Series, 31–39. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8660-7_3.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
10

Turunçoğlu, Ufuk Utku, Murat Türkeş, Deniz Bozkurt, Barış Önol, Ömer Lütfi Şen, and Hasan Nüzhet Dalfes. "Climate." In World Soils Book Series, 25–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64392-2_3.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Soils and climate Australia"

1

Smith-Briggs, Jane, Dave Wells, Tommy Green, Andy Baker, Martin Kelly, and Richard Cummings. "The Australian National Radioactive Waste Repository: Environmental Impact Statement and Radiological Risk Assessment." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4865.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
The Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for the proposed Australian National Repository for low and short-lived intermediate level radioactive waste was submitted to Environment Australia for approval in the summer of 2002 and has subsequently undergone a consultancy phase with comments sought from all relevant stakeholders. The consultancy period is now closed and responses to the comments have been prepared. This paper describes some of the issues relevant to determining the radiological risk associated with the repository to meet the requirements of the EIS. These include a brief description of the three proposed sites, a description of the proposed trench design, an analysis of the radioactive waste inventory, the proposed approach to developing waste acceptance criteria (WAC) and the approach taken to determine radiological risks during the post-institutional control phase. The three potential sites for the repository are located near the Australian Department of Defence site at Woomera, South Australia. One site is inside the Defense site and two are located nearby, but outside of the site perimeter. All have very similar, but not identical, topographical, geological and hydrogeological characteristics. A very simple trench design has been proposed 15 m deep and with 5 m of cover. One possible variant may be the construction of deeper borehole type vaults to dispose of the more active radioactive sources. A breakdown of the current and predicted future inventory will be presented. The current wastes are dominated in terms of volume by some contaminated soils, resulting from experiments to extract U and Th, and by the operational wastes from the HIFAR research reactor at ANSTO. A significant proportion of the radionuclide inventory is associated with small volumes of sources held by industry, medical, research and defence organisations. The proposed WAC will be described. These are based on the current Australian guidelines and best international practice. The preliminary radiological risk assessment considered the post-institutional control phase in detail with some 12 scenarios being assessed. These include the impact of potential climate change in the region. The results from the risk assessment will be presented and discussed. The assessment work is continuing and will support the license application for construction and operation of the site. Please note that this is not the final assessment for the licence application.
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
2

Guo, M., Argaw Gurmu, and L. Tivendale. "DEVELOPMENT OF A FRAMEWORK FOR FLOOD MITIGATION IN FIJI." In The 9th World Construction Symposium 2021. The Ceylon Institute of Builders - Sri Lanka, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2021.21.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
A large portion of infrastructure was flooded by water running off pavements or overflowing from the drainage systems in Fiji. The main objectives of this study are to identify the most suitable drainage management solution to reduce the overflow of the drainage system in Fiji, and to develop a framework of drainage management systems. The literature review was conducted to identify various drainage systems used to mitigate flooding around the world. After the review, the characteristics of Fiji such as climate pattern, location and soil type were analysed in the case study section. Secondary data which was obtained from Australia, Norway, the Netherlands, the U.S., Korea, and China were used in the research. The characteristics of Fiji were then mapped to other countries and a scoring system was created to analyse the suitability of different flood mitigation techniques in Fiji. Finally, multiple flood management strategies were proposed, and a drainage management framework for flood mitigation was developed.
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
3

Skoneczna, Magdalena, Michal Skiba, Wojciech Szymanski, Katarzyna Maj-Szeliga, Marta Kisiel, and Artur Blachowski. "WEATHERING OF GLAUCONITE IN SOILS OF TEMPERATE CLIMATE." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-338409.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
4

Merat, Soumia, Lynda Djerbal, and Ramdane Bahar. "Numerical Analysis of Climate Effect on Slope Stability." In Second Pan-American Conference on Unsaturated Soils. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784481691.031.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
5

Bienert, Sven, Georgia Warren-Myers, and Jens Hirsch. "Climate Change Risk Awareness in the Property Sector: Australia." In 25th Annual European Real Estate Society Conference. European Real Estate Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres2016_292.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
6

"Biochar Importance from a Combined Soils and Climate Perspective." In ASABE 1st Climate Change Symposium: Adaptation and Mitigation. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/cc.20152144192.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
7

Ismael, Nabil F. "Influence of Fines on the Properties of Arid Climate Sand Deposits." In Fourth International Conference on Unsaturated Soils. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40802(189)135.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
8

"Effects of climate indices on extreme rainfall in Queensland, Australia." In 21st International Congress on Modelling and Simulation (MODSIM2015). Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36334/modsim.2015.l1.hossain.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
9

"Statistical correlations between rainfall and climate indices in Western Australia." In 21st International Congress on Modelling and Simulation (MODSIM2015). Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36334/modsim.2015.l1.hossain2.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
10

Garino, Lucas M., Germán J. Rodari, and Luciano A. Oldecop. "Characterization of Mine Waste Materials after 50 Years of Climate Interaction." In Second Pan-American Conference on Unsaturated Soils. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784481691.027.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Звіти організацій з теми "Soils and climate Australia"

1

Eckersley, Robyn. Australia hopes to change climate reputation at COP27. Edited by Sara Phillips. Monash University, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54377/1507-c432.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
2

Qafoku, Nikolla P. Overview of different aspects of climate change effects on soils. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1167316.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
3

Martin, Shane, Duncan Moore, and Martyn Hazelwood. Coastal inundation modelling for Busselton, Western Australia, under current and future climate. Geoscience Australia, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.11636/record.2014.003.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
4

Smith, Grant. Ensemble Methods: Nowcasting to Climate Change - Abstracts of the Bureau of Meteorology Annual R and D Workshop, 26th November to 30th November 2018, Melbourne, Australia. Edited by Keith Day, Saima Aijaz, Surendra Rauniyar, Carlos Velasco-Forero, and Meelis Zidikheri. Chair Michael Naughton. Bureau of Meteorology, November 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22499/4.0030.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
5

Upton, Erin. Understanding Institutional, Social, and Ecological Systems Influencing Climate Change Adaptation and Water Governance in Wine Regions: A Comparative Case Study of Oregon's Willamette Valley, USA and Tasmania, Australia. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.7393.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
6

Aguilar, Glenn, Dan Blanchon, Hamish Foote, Christina Pollonais, and Asia Mosee. Queensland Fruit Fly Invasion of New Zealand: Predicting Area Suitability Under Future Climate Change Scenarios. Unitec ePress, October 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/pibs.rs22015.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
The Queensland fruit fly (Bactrocera tryoni) is a significant horticultural pest in Australia, and has also established in other parts of the Pacific. There is a significant risk to New Zealand of invasion by this species, and several recent incursions have occurred. The potential effects of climate change on the distribution and impacts of invasive species are well known. This paper uses species distribution modelling using Maxent to predict the suitability of New Zealand to the Queensland fruit fly based on known occurrences worldwide and Bioclim climatic layers. Under current climatic conditions the majority of the country was generally in the lower range, with some areas in the medium range. Suitability prediction maps under future climate change conditions in 2050 and 2070, at lower emission (RCP 2.6) and higher emission (RCP 8.5) scenarios generally show an increase in suitability in both the North and South Islands. Calculations of the shift of suitable areas show a general movement of the centroid towards the south-east, with the higher emission scenario showing a greater magnitude of movement.
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
7

Fuchs, Marcel, Jerry Hatfield, Amos Hadas, and Rami Keren. Reducing Evaporation from Cultivated Soils by Mulching with Crop Residues and Stabilized Soil Aggregates. United States Department of Agriculture, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568086.bard.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
Field and laboratory studies of insulating properties of mulches show that the changes they produce on the heat balance and the evaporation depend not only on the intrinsic characteristics of the material but also on the structure of air flow in boundary layer. Field measurements of the radiation balance of corn residue showed a decrease of reflectivity from 0.2 to 0.17 from fall to spring. The aerodynamic properties of the atmospheric surface layer were turbulent, with typical roughness length of 12 to 24 mm. Evaporation from corn residue covered soils in climate chambers simulating the diurnal course of temperature in the field were up to 60% less than bare soil. Wind tunnel studies showed that turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer added a convective component to the transport of water vapor and heat through the mulches. The decreasing the porosity of the mulch diminished this effect. Factors increasing the resistance to vapor flow lowering the effect of wind. The behavior of wheat straw and stabilized soil aggregates mulches were similar, but the resistance to water of soil aggregate layer with diameter less than 2 mm were very large, close to the values expected from molecular diffusion.
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
8

Woolaston, Katie. Working Together to Protect Australia in the Age of Pandemics: Managing the Environmental Drivers of Zoonotic Disease Risks. Queensland University of Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.232775.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
The COVID-19 pandemic has infiltrated every level of social, cultural and political life and has demonstrated the truly devastating effects of ineffective pandemic management systems. Yet, the likelihood of another pandemic occurring in the short to medium term is greater than ever. The drivers of pandemics are not improving. Anthropogenic drivers, including agricultural intensification, land-use changes such as deforestation and urbanisation, wildlife trade and climate change are all contributing to what has been called the ‘era of pandemics’. This report contains key findings and research around pandemic prevention and zoonotic disease risk management.
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
9

Douglas, Thomas A., Christopher A. Hiemstra, Stephanie P. Saari, Kevin L. Bjella, Seth W. Campbell, M. Torre Jorgenson, Dana R. N. Brown, and Anna K. Liljedahl. Degrading Permafrost Mapped with Electrical Resistivity Tomography, Airborne Imagery and LiDAR, and Seasonal Thaw Measurements. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41185.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
Accurate identification of the relationships between permafrost extent and landscape patterns helps develop airborne geophysical or remote sensing tools to map permafrost in remote locations or across large areas. These tools are particularly applicable in discontinuous permafrost where climate warming or disturbances such as human development or fire can lead to rapid permafrost degradation. We linked field-based geophysical, point-scale, and imagery surveying measurements to map permafrost at five fire scars on the Tanana Flats in central Alaska. Ground-based elevation surveys, seasonal thaw-depth profiles, and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) measurements were combined with airborne imagery and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) to identify relationships between permafrost geomorphology and elapsed time since fire disturbance. ERT was a robust technique for mapping the presence or absence of permafrost because of the marked difference in resistivity values for frozen versus unfrozen material. There was no clear relationship between elapsed time since fire and permafrost extent at our sites. The transition zone boundaries between permafrost soils and unfrozen soils in the collapse-scar bogs at our sites had complex and unpredictable morphologies, suggesting attempts to quantify the presence or absence of permafrost using aerial measurements alone could lead to incomplete results. The results from our study indicated limitations in being able to apply airborne surveying measurements at the landscape scale toward accurately estimating permafrost extent.
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
10

Castellano, Mike J., Abraham G. Shaviv, Raphael Linker, and Matt Liebman. Improving nitrogen availability indicators by emphasizing correlations between gross nitrogen mineralization and the quality and quantity of labile soil organic matter fractions. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597926.bard.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
A major goal in Israeli and U.S. agroecosystems is to maximize nitrogen availability to crops while minimizing nitrogen losses to air and water resources. This goal has presented a significant challenge to global agronomists and scientists because crops require large inputs of nitrogen (N) fertilizer to maximize yield, but N fertilizers are easily lost to surrounding ecosystems where they contribute to water pollution and greenhouse gas concentrations. Determination of the optimum N fertilizer input is complex because the amount of N produced from soil organic matter varies with time, space and management. Indicators of soil N availability may help to guide requirements for N fertilizer inputs and are increasingly viewed as indicators of soil health To address these challenges and improve N availability indicators, project 4550 “Improving nitrogen availability indicators by emphasizing correlations between gross nitrogen mineralization and the quality and quantity of labile organic matter fractions” addressed the following objectives: Link the quantity and quality of labile soil organic matter fractions to indicators of soil fertility and environmental quality including: i) laboratory potential net N mineralization ii) in situ gross N mineralization iii) in situ N accumulation on ion exchange resins iv) crop uptake of N from mineralized soil organic matter sources (non-fertilizer N), and v) soil nitrate pool size. Evaluate and compare the potential for hot water extractable organic matter (HWEOM) and particulate organic matter quantity and quality to characterize soil N dynamics in biophysically variable Israeli and U.S. agroecosystems that are managed with different N fertility sources. Ultimately, we sought to determine if nitrogen availability indicators are the same for i) gross vs. potential net N mineralization processes, ii) diverse agroecosystems (Israel vs. US) and, iii) management strategies (organic vs. inorganic N fertility sources). Nitrogen availability indicators significantly differed for gross vs. potential N mineralization processes. These results highlight that different mechanisms control each process. Although most research on N availability indicators focuses on potential net N mineralization, new research highlights that gross N mineralization may better reflect plant N availability. Results from this project identify the use of ion exchange resin (IERs) beads as a potential technical advance to improve N mineralization assays and predictors of N availability. The IERs mimic the rhizosphere by protecting mineralized N from loss and immobilization. As a result, the IERs may save time and money by providing a measurement of N mineralization that is more similar to the costly and time consuming measurement of gross N mineralization. In further search of more accurate and cost-effective predictors of N dynamics, Excitation- Emission Matrix (EEM) spectroscopy analysis of HWEOM solution has the potential to provide reliable indicators for changes in HWEOM over time. These results demonstrated that conventional methods of labile soil organic matter quantity (HWEOM) coupled with new analyses (EEM) may be used to obtain more detailed information about N dynamics. Across Israeli and US soils with organic and inorganic based N fertility sources, multiple linear regression models were developed to predict gross and potential N mineralization. The use of N availability indicators is increasing as they are incorporated into soil health assessments and agroecosystem models that guide N inputs. Results from this project suggest that some soil variables can universally predict these important ecosystem process across diverse soils, climate and agronomic management. BARD Report - Project4550 Page 2 of 249
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
Також вас можуть зацікавити розширені добірки на тему "Soils and climate Australia" для конкретних типів джерел:
Статті в журналах Дисертації Книги
Ми пропонуємо знижки на всі преміум-плани для авторів, чиї праці увійшли до тематичних добірок літератури. Зв'яжіться з нами, щоб отримати унікальний промокод!

До бібліографії