Готові списки джерел за темами / Soil pollutants

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Soil pollutants"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021
Оновлено: 20 лютого 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Soil pollutants"

1

Mafuyai, G. M. "A Review of Empirical Models of Sorption Isotherms of Hydrophobic Contaminants." African Journal of Environment and Natural Science Research 4, no. 3 (July 12, 2021): 16–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajensr-0zhqqumw.

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Renewed focus on empirical models of sorption isotherms of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) onto mineral surfaces and soil components is required because of the importance attached to numerous pollutants released into the environment. This examines the various models and isotherms with their assumptions by different scholars on the contribution of sorption of contaminants onto clay mineral sorbents and soil organic matter with the possible ways of prevention of environmental contamination by HOCs. Literature indicated that empirical models and isotherms have been used to ascertain several surfaces that can be sorbed by hydrophobic organic contaminants. These models also show that soils can retain HOCs even at low soil organic levels and the extent depends on the structure of the pollutant type and concentration of clay minerals in the sorbent. It also revealed the important role played by soil organic carbon in the sorption of contaminants onto soils and how it is strongly affected by the nature and structure of the organic soil matter. Contamination by different pollutants required a renewed approach in the context of the sorption of organic pollutants onto clay minerals from aqueous and non-aqueous solutions.
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2

Kadam, Gopal Mohanrao. "Toxicity Effect by Heavy Metals as Pollutants on Fertile Soil." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 831–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.39911.

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Abstract: There are rising geologic and anthropogenic processes and as a result, now a days soils polluted by heavy metals have become more common and it is a problem across the globe. Soil polluted due to heavy metal can be freed from pollutants effectively by use of bioremediation process. It's a very well-known process and is used in situ, making it ideal to make soil free from pollutants as a part of crop establishment as well as restoration of soil which are being treated. Microorganisms as well as plants uses a variety of processes/methods to bioremediate the pollutants present in the different types of soils. Keywords: Heavy metal contamination, Remediation process, Soil pollutants, bioremediation process, soil pollutants
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3

Hu, Ge, Shu Ai Peng, and Wei Wang. "Numerical Simulation for Migration of the Pollutants in Soil." Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (June 2010): 1684–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.1684.

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In the soil environment，through analyzing the numerical solutions of pollutant migration, the time-space law of the transmission of organic pollutants in soil can be mastered, which has both theoretical and practical significance. The general mathematical model of the migration of volatile pollutant in soil was established; and typical models of pollution sources emission were calculated, and the influence of various parameters in model on calculation results were compared, such as diffusion, convection, adsorption and degradation parameters; finally a correlation analysis and discussion was made on calculation results of the pollutant concentration distribution. The calculation results show that the convection is the main reason causing pollutants migration, and the influence of volatility to migration process cannot be ignored. It provides the scientific basis and approach for the pollution forecasting and prevention.
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4

Figala, Jindřich, Valerie Vranová, Klement Rejšek, and Pavel Formánek. "Giant miscanthus (Miscantus × Giganteus Greef Et Deu.) – A Promising Plant for Soil Remediation: A Mini Review." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 63, no. 6 (2015): 2241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201563062241.

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Giant miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus Greef et Deu.) is a perennial rhizomatous grass with C4 type photosynthesis, which is distinctive by its resistance to cold temperatures when maintaining a sufficient photosynthesis rate. We revised potential of Miscanhus for use in soil bioremediation, especially from biological point of view. Translocation rate from roots to aerial part is low in general, but Miscanthus is able to grow even on highly contaminated soils without artificial fertilization. We also discussed the role of root exudates in pollutant immobilization, chelation and uptake. Commetabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with assistance of soil microbes shows promising results and significant reduction of tetracyclic PAHs in soil. Miscanthus is therefore suitable for immobilization of inorganic pollutants in soil and removal of organic pollutants, which makes it suitable to create buffer zones for surface waterway protection, stabilization of heavily contaminated substrates (e.g. reclaimed burrows of mining industry and sedimentation pools). According to low content of pollutants in aerial biomass the harvested plant material is deemed safe for further agricultural or industrial use.
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5

Wang, Pengxiang, Kang Wang, and Zuhao Zhou. "Simulating Water and Pollution Exports from Soil to Stream during the Thawing Period at the Small River Basin Scale." Water 13, no. 11 (May 27, 2021): 1506. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13111506.

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A physical model was developed to describe the soil-to-stream export processes of water and pollutants in a small river basin during the soil thawing period. The hydrological and pollution transport and transformation behaviors in paddy- and corn-dominated catchments were numerically simulated; the impacts of the pollution concentrations, interactions between the migrated water and pollutants in the soil, and pollutant transformations during the pollution export were coupled. Experimental field data from the Heidingzi river basin during the soil thawing period were used to calibrate the model parameters and evaluate the performance. The mass of the dissolved pollutants from soil particles in the migrated soil pore water was the key factor affecting the pollution export into the streams; the water content directly affected the pollution export. The concentration of the pollutants peaked when the initial exported water was high. The pollutant transport processes influenced the pollution export more significantly after the soil water was significantly reduced. The N-S efficiency coefficients between the simulated and monitored flow rates and the pollution concentrations at the outlets of the paddy- and corn-dominated catchments were >0.60 and >0.54, respectively. The system deviations between the simulated and monitored flow rates and the pollution concentrations were <10% and <15%, respectively. The proposed model effectively described the water flow, pollution transport and transformation processes.
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6

Hirano, Takeshi, and Kazuyoshi Tamae. "Earthworms and Soil Pollutants." Sensors 11, no. 12 (November 28, 2011): 11157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s111211157.

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7

He, Haijie, Tao Wu, Xiaole Shu, Kuan Chai, Zhanhong Qiu, Shifang Wang, and Jun Yao. "Enhanced Organic Contaminant Retardation by CTMAB-Modified Bentonite Backfill in Cut-Off Walls: Laboratory Test and Numerical Investigation." Materials 16, no. 3 (February 1, 2023): 1255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16031255.

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Adding organically modified bentonite into impervious wall materials may improve the adsorption of organic pollutants. In this study, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide organically modified bentonite (CTMAB bentonite) was mixed with sodium bentonite and kaolin to obtain two materials, which were then used as cut-off walls for typical pollutants. Soil column consolidation tests, diffusion tests, and breakdown tests were conducted to study migration of organic pollutants in soil columns. The parameter sensitivity of pollutant transport in the cut-off wall was analysed by numerical simulation. The sodium bentonite mixed with 10% CTMAB bentonite and kaolin-CTMAB bentonite showed the greatest impermeability: with a consolidation pressure of 200 kPa, the permeability coefficients were 1.03 × 10−8 m/s and 3.49 × 10−9 m/s, respectively. The quantity of phenol adsorbed on sodium bentonite-CTMAB bentonite increased with increasing water head height. The kaolin-CTMAB bentonite column showed the best rhodamine B adsorption performance, and the adsorption rate reached 98.9% on day 67. The numerical results showed that the permeability coefficient was positively correlated with the diffusion of pollutants in the soil column. The quantity adsorbed on the soil column was positively correlated with the retardation factor, and the extent of pollutant diffusion was negatively correlated with the retardation factor. This study provides a technical means for the optimal design of organic pollutant cut-off walls.
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8

Vasseur, Paule, and Marc Bonnard. "Ecogenotoxicology in earthworms: A review." Current Zoology 60, no. 2 (April 1, 2014): 255–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/60.2.255.

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Abstract Pollutant dynamics and bioavailability greatly differ in soil and aquatic systems. Therefore, specific approaches and models are needed to assess the impact of soil contamination to terrestrial ecosystems. Earthworms among other soil invertebrates have received more attention because of their ecological importance. They represent a dominant part of the soil biomass and are soil engineers regulating important soil processes, notably fertilization. The release in soils of pollutants known for their persistence and/or their toxicity is a concern. Exposure of terrestrial species to pollutants that may alter genomic function has become an increasing topic of research in the last decade. Indeed, genome disturbances due to genetic and epigenetic mechanisms may impair growth, as well as reproduction and population dynamics in the long term. Despite their importance in gene expression, epigenetic mechanisms are not yet understood in soil invertebrates. Until now, pollutant-induced changes in genome expression in natural biota are still being studied through structural alteration of DNA. The first biomarker relating to genotoxicant exposure in earthworms from multi-contaminated soils reported is DNA adducts measurements. It has been replaced by DNA breakage measured by the Comet assay, now more commonly used. Functional genomic changes are now being explored owing to molecular “omic” technologies. Approaches, objectives and results are overviewed herein. The focus is on studies dealing with genotoxicity and populational effects established from environmentally-relevant experiments and in situ studies.
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9

Zhang, Ting, and Houjin Zhang. "Microbial Consortia Are Needed to Degrade Soil Pollutants." Microorganisms 10, no. 2 (January 24, 2022): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10020261.

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Soil pollution is one of the most serious environmental problems globally due to the weak self-purification ability, long degradation time, and high cost of cleaning soil pollution. The pollutants in the soil can be transported into the human body through water or dust, causing adverse effects on human health. The latest research has shown that the clean-up of soil pollutants through microbial consortium is a very promising method. This review provides an in-depth discussion on the efficient removal, bio-adsorption, or carbonated precipitation of organic and inorganic pollutants by the microbial consortium, including PAHs, BPS, BPF, crude oil, pyrene, DBP, DOP, TPHP, PHs, butane, DON, TC, Mn, and Cd. In view of the good degradation ability of the consortium compared to single strains, six different synergistic mechanisms and corresponding microorganisms are summarized. The microbial consortium obtains such activities through enhancing synergistic degradation, reducing the accumulation of intermediate products, generating the crude enzyme, and self-regulating, etc. Furthermore, the degradation efficiency of pollutants can be greatly improved by adding chemical materials such as the surfactants Tween 20, Tween 80, and SDS. This review provides insightful information regarding the application of microbial consortia for soil pollutant removal.
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10

Jiang, Shixiong, and Sunxian Weng. "The Emission Characteristics of Pollutants from Thermal Desorption of Soil Contaminated by Transformer Oil." Atmosphere 13, no. 4 (March 23, 2022): 515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13040515.

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In order to reduce pollutant emission from substation fires into the soil environment, developing technology to remove pollutants in soil after substation fires is necessary. Among the soil remediation technologies, thermal desorption has been proven to be an effective soil remediation method. In this paper, the effects of thermal desorption temperature and atmosphere on the releasing characteristics of pollutants in the soil polluted by waste oil in the accident oil pool in the substation were examined. The results showed that when the thermal desorption temperature was 500 °C, a large number of macromolecular organics decompose from the solid phase and change into long-chain alkanes and macromolecular acids under pure N2 atmosphere. When the thermal desorption temperature was higher than 500 °C the pollutants in the soil were further decomposed into small molecular organics. In addition, the organics were transformed to CO2, SO2, NOx, and CO under 20% O2/N2 atmosphere when the temperature was above 500 °C.
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Дисертації з теми "Soil pollutants"

1

Cousins, Ian T. "Air-soil exchange of persistent organic pollutants (POPs)." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310506.

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2

Teng, Xu, Zhang Wen-hua, and Shi Bi. "Characteristics of typical pollutants in tannery site soil - 75." Verein für Gerberei-Chemie und -Technik e. V, 2019. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A34271.

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Content: This paper briefly introduced the process of leather manufacture and the potential pollution sources of soil in tannery sites. Pollutants are mainly derived from the use of a large number of various chemicals and organic matter decomposed by raw skin. The characteristics of typical pollutants in tannery sites soil were summarized, including tannery site soil pH, organic and inorganic compounds, and heavy metals, etc., especially the status of chromium contamination were reviewed. The pH of soil in the tanning workshop (6.65-7.8) is generally lower than tannery sludge dumping site (7.94-8.40). The main organic pollutants contained in the tannery site soil include nitrogen compound, grease, petroleum hydrocarbon. In tannery sludge dumping site soil, the content of nitrogen compound (10cm depth) is 28400 mg/kg, which is similar to tannery sludge. The content of petroleum hydrocarbon is 5-700 mg/kg, which partially exceed the limits of China agricultural land quality standard(<500 mg/kg). In tanning workshop soil, the content of grease is 220-62000 mg/kg. The main inorganic pollutants contained in the tannery site soil include sulfide, high concentration of salt, lime. The high salt content of tannery sludge (99000 mg/kg) leads to high salt content in soil (5500-17500 mg/kg). Total hardness (>450mg/L), total dissolved solids (>1000mg/L), sulfate ions (>250mg/L), nitrite nitrogen (>0.02mg/L) partially exceed the limits of China groundwater quality standard, which are found in groundwater below the tannery site. Heavy metal pollutants in the tannery sites soil have many characteristics and large differences in content, due to the different tanning processes. Among them, chromium (Cr) is the most used heavy metal and the highest content of pollutants. Cr content in tanning process wastewater, dyeing process wastewater and chromiumcontaining sludge are about 2000-3000 mg/L, 30-40 mg/L and 8500-25800 mg/kg, respectively. Total Cr content in the partial tannery sites soil are higher than 800 mg/kg, which exceed the limits of China agricultural land quality standard(<150mg/kg). Surprisingly, Cr(VI) appears in tannery sites soil and the contents are partly higher than 40 mg/kg, which exceed the limits of China development land quality standard(<3.0mg/kg). Furthermore, the more effort needs to be directed toward the chemistry of chromium-organic complex pollutants, and an understanding of the speciation of Cr in highly organics contaminated tannery site soil is essential for the development of suitable remediation strategies for contaminated soil. Take-Away: 1. The pH of soil in the tanning workshop (6.65-7.8) is generally lower than tannery sludge dumping site(7.94-8.40). 2. Total Cr content in the partial tannery sites soil are higher than 800 mg/kg, which exceed the limits of China agricultural land quality standard(<150mg/kg). 3. Cr(VI) appears in tannery sites soil and the contents are partly higher than 40 mg/kg, which exceed the limits of China development land quality standard(<3.0mg/kg).
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3

Lafontaine, Marc Carleton University Dissertation Chemistry. "Supercritical fluid extraction of priority pollutants from soil matrices." Ottawa, 1993.

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4

Mwepu, Mireille K. M. "Attenuation of ionic pollutants in selected South African soils." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2516.

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Thesis (MScAgric (Soil Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.
Two–thirds of South Africa, including more than 280 towns and settlements are largely dependent on groundwater for their drinking water supply and development. However, groundwater resources in South Africa are limited both in terms of quantity and quality, especially in the semi–arid parts of the country (Sililo et al., 2001, p. i). Therefore, the importance of protecting groundwater resources from pollution has been recognized. The first objective of this research was to investigate the attenuation capacity of a selection of soil horizons and materials representing major types of diagnostic horizons and materials in the South African soil classification in order to validate their chemical attenuation ratings as provisionally specified by Sililo et al. (2001, p. 4.6). The second objective was to assess the pollutant attenuation capacity of South African soil horizons and materials as well as describe the diagnostic value of key chemical properties of soils for conveying information on their contaminant transport/attenuation potential. The third objective was to investigate whether it is possible to apply acid/base priming using H2SO4 and Ca(OH)2 to a bulk quantity of soil in order to reduce the mobility of contaminants.
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5

Kurt-Karakus, Perihan Binnur. "Persistent organic pollutants and soils : studies on their distribution, air-soil exchange and degradation." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.440375.

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6

Juck, David F. "Polyphasic examination of microbial communities in soils contaminated with organic pollutants." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38209.

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A polyphasic approach was used to examine the impact of contamination on soil microbial community structure. Two systems were examined using a combined biochemical and molecular biological approach. Petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soils from two Northern Canadian sites, representing long-term contamination, were examined using Biolog GN plates and PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of total community 16S rDNA. Results obtained using both methods demonstrated a positive correlation between samples that was based on the geographical origin of the samples, not on contamination level. In the second system, non-contaminated soil was contaminated with the explosive hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) to monitor the effect of short- to medium-term contamination. Changes in the soil microbial community were examined using PCR-DGGE of total community 16S rDNA combined with RDX mineralization and chemical analysis of intermediates. The non-contaminated loam soil had an inherent RDX degradative capability and contamination of soil columns with 1000 mg RDX/kg soil did not significantly change the 16S rDNA bacterial community profile. The bacterial diversity remained high as estimated by the number of bands present in the DGGE and by NQ-78704 statistical rarefaction analysis of 16S rDNA clone RFLPs. The same soil, used in 10% soil slurries (w/v), demonstrated two apparently different RDX degradation mechanisms based on mineralization and chemical analysis. The differences were based on aerobic versus anaerobic conditions and the presence/absence of Na3 citrate. PCR-DGGE performed on 16S rDNA from aerobic slurries amended with Na3-citrate detected the stimulation of 3 operational taxonomic units, identified as Stenotrophomonas sp., Sphingomonas sp. and a member of the Alcaligenaceae. The results from the two systems examined (short- to medium-term and long-term contamination) demonstrated the utility of a polyphasic approach in the examina
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7

Mwepu, Mireille K. M. "Mobility of ionic pollutants in selected South African soils /." Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/370.

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8

Tiensing, Tinnakorn. "Novel techniques in assessing bioavailability of pollutants in soils." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2002. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU153957.

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Effective techniques for assessing soil environmental pollution are required to develop protective policy. Chemical methods have been traditionally used to determine total concentration of pollutants and biologically linked measurements have been used to assess the bioavailable fraction of pollutants. Bioluminescence-based microbial bioassays have been shown to respond to the bioavailable fractions. Growth and bioluminescence of lux-marked E. coli HB101 and P. fluorescens 10586r were characterised and optimised for freeze-drying culture. Freeze-drying cultures have been used effectively because of their ease of use, rapid assay response and sensitivity to a wide range of pollutants. An assessment of Zn and Cd amended soil was investigated. Two different techniques (centrifugation and Rhizon sampler) were used to obtain the interstitial pore water of soils. The concentrations of Zn and Cd were significantly higher in the soil solution extracted using the centrifugation technique compared to the Rhizon sampler technique. The biosensors responded to the free metal concentrations in the soil solution. An assessment of the toxicity of 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol and pentachlorophenol, individually and in combinations, was tested in deionised water (pH 5.5), soil solutions, and soils using lux-marked E. coli HB101 and P. fluorescens 10586r. Toxicity interaction responses of the mixture chlorophenols were predicted using a model. Synergistic interactions were observed for the response of P. fluorescens 10586r pUCD60-7 to all combinations of chlorophenol tested, while the response of E. coli HB101 pUCD607 varied with the matrix solutions tested. Bioavailability of naphthalene was studied using cyclodextrin-based extractions caused to the luminescence response of Pseudomonas fluorescens KH44 pUTK21. Increasing the concentrations of beta-cyclodextrin (b-CD) and hydroxylpropyl-b-cyclodextrin (HPBC) in the extract solutions increased the apparent concentration of naphthalene in the soil solutions. The luminescence response of P. fluorescens HK44 was associated with bioavailable of naphthalene.
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9

Mashreghi, Mansour. "Survival and activity of genetically engineered degradative inocula in soil." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302452.

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In this study bioluminescence-marker systems were used to investigate the fate of two genetically engineered degradative bacteria in soil under different conditions. These bacteria were chromosomally lux-marked Alcaligenes eutrophus H850 Lr with luxAB genes which was able to degrade polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and Pseudomonas stutzeri P16. P. stutzeri P16 was genetically marked with the luxAB tet cassette by insertional mutagenesis using mini Tn5-transposons and was characterised for lux gene stability, phenanthrene degradability and sensitivity to aldehyde. Insertion of lux gene into genome of P. stutzeri P16 provided a novel strain with lower maximum specific growth rate and less sensitivity to high concentrations of phenanthrene in liquid culture. Survival and activity of P. stutzeri P16 luxAB4 was further investigated in soil amended with low and high concentrations of phenanthrene. Initially high concentrations of phenanthrene had a less toxic effect on viable cell concentrations and luminescence activity of genetically engineered P. stutzeri P16 comparing with its wild type showing that lux-marking the above degradative strain made the marked strain more suitable for environmental application in heavily polluted sites. However, resistant cells to high concentration of phenanthrene were not able to survive longer than those which was inoculated to microcosms with lower concentrations of phenanthrene. This indicates that toxicity of the target compound and its concentration have to be considered before releasing the GEMs. Degradation of phenanthrene was enhanced in both sterile and non-sterile soil inoculated with P. stutzeri P16 luxAB4. This study could be used as model for further investigated of degradation of other PAHs such as fluoranthene, benz[a]anthracene, benzo[a]pyrene, by degradative bacteria and also monitoring the survival and activity of those bacteria in the environment using bioluminescence-marker systems.
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10

Eastling, Paul Michael. "Polychlorinated biphenyls in Cedar Rapids soil." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/492.

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Extreme flooding of rivers may contribute to increased loading of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) to the Great Lakes, the Mississippi river, and other large lakes and surface waters downstream of industrial and urban areas. This study examines the fate of POPs that were mobilized during heavy flooding of the Cedar River and the small urban city of Cedar Rapids, Iowa during the summer of 2008. This study focuses polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). We hypothesize that these PCBs were mobilized by the flood water and that residues remained in the soils and sediments of the residential areas of the city. To test our hypothesis, soil samples were collected from ~200 of residential locations in the downtown Cedar Rapids area and analyzed for the three compound groups. Samples were extracted using an accelerated solvent extraction (ASE 300), and analyzed using GC/ECD, GC/MSD and GC/MS/MS.
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Книги з теми "Soil pollutants"

1

Baker, B. L. Attenuation of pollutants by Alberta soils. Edmonton: Research Management Division, Alberta Environment, 1985.

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2

Schepart, BS, ed. Bioremediation of Pollutants in Soil and Water. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp1235-eb.

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3

van, Duijvenbooden W., Waegeningh H. G. van, Nederlandse Centrale Organisatie voor Toegepast-Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek. Commissie Voor Hydrologisch Onderzoek., Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieuhygiëne (Netherlands), Nederlandse Centrale Organisatie voor Toegepast-Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek., and International Conference on Vulnerability of Soil and Groundwater to Pollutants (1987 : Noordwijk, Netherlands), eds. Vulnerability of soil and groundwater to pollutants. The Hague: TNO Committee on Hydrological Research, 1987.

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4

Lichtfouse, Eric. Organic Farming, Pest Control and Remediation of Soil Pollutants: Organic farming, pest control and remediation of soil pollutants. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009.

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5

N, Yong R., Thomas H. R, University of Wales. College of Cardiff. School of Engineering., and British Geotechnical Society, eds. Geoenvironmental engineering: Contaminated ground, fate of pollutants and remediation. London: Thomas Telford, 1997.

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6

C, Hern S., and Melancon S. M, eds. Vadose zone modeling of organic pollutants. Chelsea, Mich: Lewis Publishers, 1986.

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7

Beyer, W. Nelson. Evaluating soil contamination. Washington DC: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, 1990.

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8

Beyer, W. Nelson. Evaluating soil contamination. Washington, D.C. (1849 C St., N.W., Washington 20240): U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, 1990.

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Lichtfouse, Eric, ed. Organic Farming, Pest Control and Remediation of Soil Pollutants. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9654-9.

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Patnaik, Pradyot. Handbook of environmental analysis: Chemical pollutants in air, water, soil, and solid wastes. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2010.

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Частини книг з теми "Soil pollutants"

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Paraf, A., and G. Peltre. "Soil pollutants." In Immunoassays in Food and Agriculture, 356–65. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3822-2_17.

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Yaron, Bruno, Raoul Calvet, and René Prost. "The Soil Pollutants." In Soil Pollution, 25–53. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61147-6_2.

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Yaron, Bruno, Raoul Calvet, and René Prost. "Pollutants-Soil Solution Interactions." In Soil Pollution, 57–78. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61147-6_3.

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Mirsal, Ibrahim A. "Major types of soil pollutants." In Soil Pollution, 61–71. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05400-0_6.

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Faison, Brendlyn D. "Biological Treatment of Metallic Pollutants." In Soil Biology, 81–113. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05794-0_5.

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Mirsal, Ibrahim A. "Pollution Mechanisms and Soil — Pollutants interaction." In Soil Pollution, 111–39. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05400-0_8.

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Macek, Tomas, Daniela Pavlikova, and Martina Mackova. "Phytoremediation of Metals and Inorganic Pollutants." In Soil Biology, 135–57. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05794-0_7.

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Siddique, Sunbal. "Major Pollutants of Contaminated Paddy Soils." In Soil Biology, 1–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93671-0_1.

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Yaron, Bruno, Raoul Calvet, and René Prost. "Pollutants Transport in the Soil Medium." In Soil Pollution, 223–59. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61147-6_8.

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Delisle, Serge, and Charles W. Greer. "Remediation of Organic Pollutants Through Natural Attenuation." In Soil Biology, 159–86. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05794-0_8.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Soil pollutants"

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Okolelova, Alla, and Galina Egorova. "THE FACTORS INCREASING THE OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT OF OIL PRODUCTS IN SOIL." In Land Degradation and Desertification: Problems of Sustainable Land Management and Adaptation. LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1716.978-5-317-06490-7/235-240.

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Natural objective reasons significantly complicate the objective assessment of oil products in soils: a variety of chemical forms of the pollutants connection, the soil ability to self-healing and self-cleaning, provincial features of the soil cover, lack of objective criteria.To increase the objectivity of determining the presence of oil products in soils, it is proposed to take into account the following factors: analysis methods of soils contaminated with oil products, the chemical properties of extractants extracting oil products from soil samples, the content of soil organic carbon and nonspecific organic compounds in conditionally unpolluted and oil-polluted soils, an increase in organic carbon in soils contaminated with petroleum products, units of measurement (% or mg / kg), the soil horizonin which soil samples were taken, the presence of discrepancies in GOST standards on the standardization of pollutants of organic origin in soils, the state of modern rationing of oil and oil products in soils and the terminological aspect.
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Danila, Vaidotas, and Saulius Vasarevičius. "Theoretical Evaluation of Heavy Metals Migration and Sorption in Soil." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.015.

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Heavy metals are one of the group of toxic pollutants in the soil. Over the past years, many researches have been conducted on the migration of heavy metals in soils and various models were developed in order to study the mobility of toxic heavy metals. The convection-dispersion equation is the most commonly used equation for describing the migration of toxic pollutants in the soil. Various properties of the soil influence the mobility of heavy metals: soil pH, texture, sorption character-istics. Heavy metals not only migrate in the soil, but also interact with mineral and organic soil particles. The mobility of heavy metals in soils is determined by their partitioning between solid and aqueous phases of the soil. The partitioning of heavy metals between these two phases are described by sorption/desorption, precipitation/dissolution, and redox processes. Natural min-eral and organic sorbents present in soils have a strong influence on heavy metals sorption. As these sorbents are usually negatively charged, they attract heavy metals cations through electrostatic force.
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Nuro, Aurel. "ORGANOCHLORINE POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTURAL SOIL SAMPLES FROM MYZEQEJA AREA, ALBANIA." In 2nd International Scientific Conference. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/itema.2018.1040.

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4

Pruteanu, Augustina. "Impact assessment of soil contaminated with pollutants on cucumber growth." In 19th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2020.19.tf212.

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Tarasov, D. A., A. N. Medvedev, A. P. Sergeev, A. V. Shichkin, and A. G. Buevich. "A hybrid method for assessment of soil pollutants spatial distribution." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS (ICNAAM 2016). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4992212.

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Nakagawa, Yuki, Hisayoshi Hashimoto, Koichi Suto, and Chihiro Inoue. "Improvement of Quicklime Mixing Treatment by Carbon Dioxide Ventilation." In ASME 2010 13th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2010-40025.

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This paper describes a fundamental examination of a quicklime mixing treatment combined with carbon dioxide ventilation for the remediation process of soils polluted with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The quicklime mixing treatment is widely applied to remove volatile pollutants in soils using the heat of reaction with quicklime and pore water. To maintain a higher temperature and to ensure that most of the VOCs are volatilized, quicklime is usually mixed at a ratio of 10% with soils in this treatment. However, a surplus of added quicklime results in higher (alkaline) soil pH and causes serious damage to the soil ecosystems. To solve this problem, the simultaneous ventilation of carbon dioxide during quicklime mixing with polluted soil was examined. Under these conditions calcium hydroxide is generated by the reaction of quicklime with pore water; the calcium hydroxide then reacts with carbon dioxide to produce additional heat of reaction. It is expected that the heat from the second reaction can be used for the pollutant treatment, allowing the amount of quicklime addition for the treatment to be reduced. Laboratory experiments showed that more than half of the calcium hydroxide was changed to calcium carbonate when the mixed soil sample was ventilated by carbon dioxide, using mixing ratios of 5% quicklime and 5% water in the soil. The maximum soil temperature reached with this treatment was the same as that for the treatment using 10% quicklime. Scale-up experiments confirmed the effectiveness of using carbon dioxide ventilation.
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Gubasheva, B. E., M. A. Khassenova, and E. K. Akkereyeva. "Monitoring of technogenic soil pollution in manufacture." In General question of world science. Наука России, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/gq-31-03-2021-21.

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The growth of production zones in the city of Aksai in the West Kazakhstan region leads to contamination of the soil cover, which, in turn, causes a chain reaction of pollution. Due to soil contamination, soil moisture and the underground surface are polluted. As a result, the processes in the soil change, the vital activity of plants, animals and microorganisms are disrupted. The article presents data on the study of changes in soil cover under the influence of human activity. The results of the conducted studies on the determination of the humus content and pH level, the content of heavy metals in technogenically disturbed soils in the adjacent territory of the natural gas processing enterprise are presented. The obtained data on the gross content and mobile forms of heavy metals indicates that the maximum permissible concentration level for these pollutants is not exceeded.
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Yang, ShengJiong, ChuanPing Feng, Lizhu Hou, and Chunbo Hao. "Pollutants Removal of Municipal Wastewater through Vertical Multilevel Soil Infiltration Treatment." In 2009 3rd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2009.5163203.

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Yang, Shengjiong, Chuanping Feng, Lizhu Hou, and Chunbo Hao. "Pollutants Removal from Municipal Wastewater Using Vertical Multilevel Soil Infiltration System." In 2010 4th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2010.5517425.

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Zhao, Jie, and Cong Zhang. "The spatial distribution and propagation of heavy metal pollutants in soil." In 2012 IEEE International Conference on Service Operations and Logistics and Informatics (SOLI). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/soli.2012.6273546.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Soil pollutants"

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Chefetz, Benny, and Baoshan Xing. Sorption of hydrophobic pesticides to aliphatic components of soil organic matter. United States Department of Agriculture, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7587241.bard.

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Sorption of hydrophobic compounds to aliphatic components of soil organic matter (SOM) is poorly understood even though these aliphatic carbons are a major fraction of SOM. The main source of aliphatic compounds in SOM is above- and below-ground plant cuticular materials (cutin, cutan and suberin). As decomposition proceeds, these aliphatic moieties tend to accumulate in soils. Therefore, if we consider that cuticular material contributes significantly to SOM, we can hypothesize that the cuticular materials play an important role in the sorption processes of hydrophobic compounds (including pesticides) in soils, which has not yet been studied. The overall goal of this research was to illustrate the mechanism and significance of the refractory aliphatic structures of SOM in sorbing hydrophobic compounds (nonionic and weakly polar pesticides). The importance of this study is related to our ability to demonstrate the sorption relationship between key pesticides and an important fraction of SOM. The specific objectives of the project were: (1) To isolate and characterize cuticular fractions from selected plants; (2) To investigate the sorption mechanism of key hydrophobic pesticides and model compounds to cuticular plant materials; (3) To examine the sorption mechanisms at the molecular level using spectroscopic techniques; (4) To investigate the sorption of key hydrophobic pesticides to synthetic polymers; (5) To evaluate the content of cuticular materials in agricultural soils; and (6) To study the effect of incubation of plant cuticular materials in soils on their sorptive capabilities. This project demonstrates the markedly high sorption capacity of various plant cuticular fractions for hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) and polar organic pollutants. Both cutin (the main polymer of the cuticle) and cutan biopolymers exhibit high sorption capability even though both sorbents are highly aliphatic in nature. Sorption by plant cuticular matter occurs via hydrophobic interactions and H-bonding interactions with polar sorbates. The cutin biopolymer seems to facilitate reversible and noncompetitive sorption, probably due to its rubbery nature. On the other hand, the epicuticular waxes facilitate enhance desorption in a bi-solute system. These processes are possibly related to phase transition (melting) of the waxes that occur in the presence of high solute loading. Moreover, our data highlight the significance of polarity and accessibility of organic matter in the uptake of nonpolar and polar organic pollutants by regulating the compatibility of sorbate to sorbent. In summary, our data collected in the BARD project suggest that both cutin and cutan play important roles in the sorption of HOCs in soils; however, with decomposition the more condensed structure of the cutin and mainly the cutan biopolymer dominated sorption to the cuticle residues. Since cutin and cutan have been identified as part of SOM and humic substances, it is suggested that retention of HOCs in soils is also controlled by these aliphatic domains and not only by the aromaticrich fractions of SOM.
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Chefetz, Benny, Baoshan Xing, Leor Eshed-Williams, Tamara Polubesova, and Jason Unrine. DOM affected behavior of manufactured nanoparticles in soil-plant system. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7604286.bard.

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The overall goal of this project was to elucidate the role of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in soil retention, bioavailability and plant uptake of silver and cerium oxide NPs. The environmental risks of manufactured nanoparticles (NPs) are attracting increasing attention from both industrial and scientific communities. These NPs have shown to be taken-up, translocated and bio- accumulated in plant edible parts. However, very little is known about the behavior of NPs in soil-plant system as affected by dissolved organic matter (DOM). Thus DOM effect on NPs behavior is critical to assessing the environmental fate and risks related to NP exposure. Carbon-based nanomaterials embedded with metal NPs demonstrate a great potential to serve as catalyst and disinfectors. Hence, synthesis of novel carbon-based nanocomposites and testing them in the environmentally relevant conditions (particularly in the DOM presence) is important for their implementation in water purification. Sorption of DOM on Ag-Ag₂S NPs, CeO₂ NPs and synthesized Ag-Fe₃O₄-carbon nanotubebifunctional composite has been studied. High DOM concentration (50mg/L) decreased the adsorptive and catalytic efficiencies of all synthesized NPs. Recyclable Ag-Fe₃O₄-carbon nanotube composite exhibited excellent catalytic and anti-bacterial action, providing complete reduction of common pollutants and inactivating gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria at environmentally relevant DOM concentrations (5-10 mg/L). Our composite material may be suitable for water purification ranging from natural to the industrial waste effluents. We also examined the role of maize (Zeamays L.)-derived root exudates (a form of DOM) and their components on the aggregation and dissolution of CuONPs in the rhizosphere. Root exudates (RE) significantly inhibited the aggregation of CuONPs regardless of ionic strength and electrolyte type. With RE, the critical coagulation concentration of CuONPs in NaCl shifted from 30 to 125 mM and the value in CaCl₂ shifted from 4 to 20 mM. This inhibition was correlated with molecular weight (MW) of RE fractions. Higher MW fraction (> 10 kDa) reduced the aggregation most. RE also significantly promoted the dissolution of CuONPs and lower MW fraction (< 3 kDa) RE mainly contributed to this process. Also, Cu accumulation in plant root tissues was significantly enhanced by RE. This study provides useful insights into the interactions between RE and CuONPs, which is of significance for the safe use of CuONPs-based antimicrobial products in agricultural production. Wheat root exudates (RE) had high reducing ability to convert Ag+ to nAg under light exposure. Photo-induced reduction of Ag+ to nAg in pristine RE was mainly attributed to the 0-3 kDa fraction. Quantification of the silver species change over time suggested that Cl⁻ played an important role in photoconversion of Ag+ to nAg through the formation and redox cycling of photoreactiveAgCl. Potential electron donors for the photoreduction of Ag+ were identified to be reducing sugars and organic acids of low MW. Meanwhile, the stabilization of the formed particles was controlled by both low (0-3 kDa) and high (>3 kDa) MW molecules. This work provides new information for the formation mechanism of metal nanoparticles mediated by RE, which may further our understanding of the biogeochemical cycling and toxicity of heavy metal ions in agricultural and environmental systems. Copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuSNPs) at 1:1 and 1:4 ratios of Cu and S were synthesized, and their respective antifungal efficacy was evaluated against the pathogenic activity of Gibberellafujikuroi(Bakanae disease) in rice (Oryza sativa). In a 2-d in vitro study, CuS decreased G. fujikuroiColony- Forming Units (CFU) compared to controls. In a greenhouse study, treating with CuSNPs at 50 mg/L at the seed stage significantly decreased disease incidence on rice while the commercial Cu-based pesticide Kocide 3000 had no impact on disease. Foliar-applied CuONPs and CuS (1:1) NPs decreased disease incidence by 30.0 and 32.5%, respectively, which outperformed CuS (1:4) NPs (15%) and Kocide 3000 (12.5%). CuS (1:4) NPs also modulated the shoot salicylic acid (SA) and Jasmonic acid (JA) production to enhance the plant defense mechanisms against G. fujikuroiinfection. These results are useful for improving the delivery efficiency of agrichemicals via nano-enabled strategies while minimizing their environmental impact, and advance our understanding of the defense mechanisms triggered by the NPs presence in plants.
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Hetrick, D. M., C. C. Travis, S. K. Leonard, and R. S. Kinerson. Qualitative validation of pollutant transport components of an unsaturated soil zone model (SESOIL). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6154212.

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Belkin, Shimshon, Sylvia Daunert, and Mona Wells. Whole-Cell Biosensor Panel for Agricultural Endocrine Disruptors. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7696542.bard.

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Objectives: The overall objective as defined in the approved proposal was the development of a whole-cell sensor panel for the detection of endocrine disruption activities of agriculturally relevant chemicals. To achieve this goal several specific objectives were outlined: (a) The development of new genetically engineered wholecell sensor strains; (b) the combination of multiple strains into a single sensor panel to effect multiple response modes; (c) development of a computerized algorithm to analyze the panel responses; (d) laboratory testing and calibration; (e) field testing. In the course of the project, mostly due to the change in the US partner, three modifications were introduced to the original objectives: (a) the scope of the project was expanded to include pharmaceuticals (with a focus on antibiotics) in addition to endocrine disrupting chemicals, (b) the computerized algorithm was not fully developed and (c) the field test was not carried out. Background: Chemical agents, such as pesticides applied at inappropriate levels, may compromise water quality or contaminate soils and hence threaten human populations. In recent years, two classes of compounds have been increasingly implicated as emerging risks in agriculturally-related pollution: endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) and pharmaceuticals. The latter group may reach the environment by the use of wastewater effluents, whereas many pesticides have been implicated as EDCs. Both groups pose a threat in proportion to their bioavailability, since that which is biounavailable or can be rendered so is a priori not a threat; bioavailability, in turn, is mediated by complex matrices such as soils. Genetically engineered biosensor bacteria hold great promise for sensing bioavailability because the sensor is a live soil- and water-compatible organism with biological response dynamics, and because its response can be genetically “tailored” to report on general toxicity, on bioavailability, and on the presence of specific classes of toxicants. In the present project we have developed a bacterial-based sensor panel incorporating multiple strains of genetically engineered biosensors for the purpose of detecting different types of biological effects. The overall objective as defined in the approved proposal was the development of a whole-cell sensor panel for the detection of endocrine disruption activities of agriculturally relevant chemicals. To achieve this goal several specific objectives were outlined: (a) The development of new genetically engineered wholecell sensor strains; (b) the combination of multiple strains into a single sensor panel to effect multiple response modes; (c) development of a computerized algorithm to analyze the panel responses; (d) laboratory testing and calibration; (e) field testing. In the course of the project, mostly due to the change in the US partner, three modifications were introduced to the original objectives: (a) the scope of the project was expanded to include pharmaceuticals (with a focus on antibiotics) in addition to endocrine disrupting chemicals, (b) the computerized algorithm was not fully developed and (c) the field test was not carried out. Major achievements: (a) construction of innovative bacterial sensor strains for accurate and sensitive detection of agriculturally-relevant pollutants, with a focus on endocrine disrupting compounds (UK and HUJ) and antibiotics (HUJ); (b) optimization of methods for long-term preservation of the reporter bacteria, either by direct deposition on solid surfaces (HUJ) or by the construction of spore-forming Bacillus-based sensors (UK); (c) partial development of a computerized algorithm for the analysis of sensor panel responses. Implications: The sensor panel developed in the course of the project was shown to be applicable for the detection of a broad range of antibiotics and EDCs. Following a suitable development phase, the panel will be ready for testing in an agricultural environment, as an innovative tool for assessing the environmental impacts of EDCs and pharmaceuticals. Furthermore, while the current study relates directly to issues of water quality and soil health, its implications are much broader, with potential uses is risk-based assessment related to the clinical, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries as well as to homeland security.
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Gladney, E. S., R. W. Ferenbaugh, K. W. Stolte, and D. M. Duriscoe. An investigation of the impact of inorganic air pollutants on soils in Saguaro National Monument, Tucson, Arizona. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10179816.

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Hawthorne, S. B. Energy and environmental research emphasizing low-rank coal: Task 1.7, Hot-water extraction of nonpolar organic pollutants from soils. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/206858.

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