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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Soil organic amendment"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 13 лютого 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Soil organic amendment"

1

Yang, Wei Qiang, Barbara L. Goulart, and K. Demchak. "Assessing Organic Nitrogen Acquisition of Ericoid Mycorrhizae in Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) Plants by Using an 15N Tracer." HortScience 33, no. 3 (June 1998): 467e—467. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.467e.

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Анотація:
The ability of mycorrhizal highbush blueberry plants to acquire soil organic nitrogen under different organic amendment regimes was investigated in a field experiment by using an 15N tracer. Plants inoculated with an ericoid mycorrhizal isolate from the genus Oidiodendron had lower leaf 15N enrichment than uninoculated plants, indicating mycorrhizal (M) plants absorbed more unlabeled soil nitrogen than nonmycorrhizal (NM) plants. The unlabeled nitrogen was presumably from soil organic N sources which might be less available to NM plants. M plants produced more plant dry weight and larger canopy volume, presumably as a result of improved N acquisition ability. In the study, the effect of pre-plant organic amendments on the growth of highbush blueberry plants was clearly demonstrated. The forest litter amendment produced higher dry mass than either the rotted sawdust amendment or no amendment. The rotted sawdust amendment produced the smallest plants. These results suggested that organic amendments with different C:N ratios might have affected soil N availability by affecting the N mineralization process. The implication of these findings in the production of highbush blueberry in mineral soils will be discussed.
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2

Li, Zhigang, Kaiyang Qiu, Rebecca L. Schneider, Stephen J. Morreale, and Yingzhong Xie. "Comparison of microbial community structures in soils with woody organic amendments and soils with traditional local organic amendments in Ningxia of Northern China." PeerJ 7 (May 8, 2019): e6854. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6854.

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Background Addition of organic amendments has been commonly adopted as a means to restore degraded soils globally. More recently, the use of woody organic amendments has been recognized as a viable method of capturing and retaining water and restoring degraded and desertified soil, especially in semi-arid regions. However, the impacts of woody amendments on soil microbial community structure, versus other traditional organic supplements is less understood. Methods Three locally available natural organic materials of different qualities, i.e., cow manure (CM), corn straw (CS), and chipped poplar branches (PB) were selected as treatments in Ningxia, Northern China and compared with control soils. Four microcosms served as replicates for each treatment. All treatments contained desertified soil; treatments with amendments were mixed with 3% (w/w) of one of the above organic materials. After 7 and 15 months from the start of the experiment, soil samples were analyzed for chemical and physical properties, along with biological properties, which included microbial α-diversity, community structure, and relative abundance of microbial phyla. Results Both bacterial and fungal α-diversity indices were weakly affected by amendments throughout the experimental period. All amendments yielded different microbial community compositions than the Control soils. The microbial community composition in the CS and PB treatments also were different from the CM treatment. After 15 months of the experiment, CS and PB exhibited similar microbial community composition, which was consistent with their similar soil physical and chemical properties. Moreover, CS and PB also appeared to exert similar effects on the abundance of some microbial taxa, and both of these treatments yield different abundances of microbial taxa than the CM treatment. Conclusion New local organic amendment with PB tended to affect the microbial community in a similar way to the traditional local organic amendment with CS, but different from the most traditional local organic amendment with CM in Ningxia, Northern China. Moreover, the high C/N-sensitive, and lignin and cellulose decompose-related microbial phyla increased in CS and PB have benefits in decomposing those incorporated organic materials and improving soil properties. Therefore, we recommend that PB should also be considered as a viable soil organic amendment for future not in Ningxia, but also in other places.
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3

Kim, Min-Suk, Sang-Hwan Lee, Hyun Park, and Jeong-Gyu Kim. "Evaluation of Two Amendments (Biochar and Acid Mine Drainage Sludge) on Arsenic Contaminated Soil Using Chemical, Biological, and Ecological Assessments." Materials 14, no. 15 (July 23, 2021): 4111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14154111.

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Various types of organic and inorganic materials are widely examined and applied into the arsenic (As) contaminated soil to stabilize As bioavailability and to enhance soil quality as an amendment. This study deals with two types of amendments: biochar for organic amendment and acid mine drainage sludge (AMDS) for inorganic amendment. Each amendment was applied in two types of As contaminated soils: one showed low contaminated concentration and acid property and the other showed high contaminated concentration and alkali property. In order to comprehensively evaluate the effect of amendments on As contaminated soil, chemical (As bioavailability), biological phytotoxicity (Lactuca sativa), soil respiration activity, dehydrogenase activity, urease activity, ß-glucosidase activity, and acid/alkali phosphomonoesterase activity, an ecological (total bacterial cells and total metagenomics DNA at the phylum level) assessment was conducted. Both amendments increased soil pH and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), which changes the bioavailability of As. In reducing phytotoxicity to As, the AMDS was the most effective regardless of soil types. Although soil enzyme activity results were not consistent with amendments types and soil types, bacterial diversity was increased after amendment application in acid soil. In acid soil, the results of principal component analysis represented that AMDS contributes to improve soil quality through the reduction in As bioavailability and the correction of soil pH from acidic to neutral condition, despite the increases in DOC. However, soil DOC had a negative effect on As bioavailability, phytotoxicity and some enzyme activity in alkali soil. Taken together, it is necessary to comprehensively evaluate the interaction of chemical, biological, and ecological properties according to soil pH in the decision-making stages for the selection of appropriate soil restoration material.
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4

Ma, Xiang, Qingqing Zhang, Haibing Wu, and Jing Liang. "Deciphering the Effects of Waste Amendments on Particulate Organic Carbon and Soil C-Mineralization Dynamics." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (March 29, 2021): 3790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073790.

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Анотація:
It is important to understand the dynamics of soil carbon to study the effects of waste amendment inputs on soil organic carbon decomposition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of waste amendment carbon input on the soil organic carbon (SOC) content, soil particulate organic carbon (POC) content and soil organic carbon mineralization rate dynamics. A 60-day experiment was carried out in the laboratory. The following treatments were compared: (1) CK: soil without amendments; (2) FW1: soil with food waste compost (soil/food waste compost = 100:1); (3) FW2: soil with food waste compost (soil/food waste compost = 100:2); (4) GW1: soil with garden waste compost (soil/garden waste compost = 100:0.84); (5) GW2: soil with garden waste compost (soil/garden waste compost = 100:1.67); (6) FGW1: soil amendments mixture (soil/food waste compost/garden waste compost = 100:0.5:0.42); (7) FGW2: soil amendments mixture (soil/food waste compost/garden waste compost = 100:1:0.84); the inputs of amendment carbon to FW1, GW1 and FGW1 were 2.92 g kg−1, the inputs of amendment carbon to FW2, GW2 and FGW2 were 5.84 g kg−1. The results showed that the addition of waste amendments increased the amount of cumulative mineralization from 95% to 262% and accelerated the rate of soil mineralization. After adding organic materials, the change in the soil organic carbon mineralization rate could be divided into two stages: the fast stage and the slow stage. The dividing point of the two stages was approximately 10 days. When equal amounts of waste amendment carbon were input to the soil, there was no significant difference in SOC between food waste and garden waste. However, SOC increased with the amount of amendment addition. However, for POC, there was no significant difference between the different amounts of carbon input to the garden waste compost treatments. SOC and POC were significantly correlated with the cumulative emissions of CO2.
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5

Yang, Wei Qiang, Barbara L. Goulart, K. Demchak, and Yadong Li. "Interactive Effects of Mycorrhizal Inoculation and Organic Soil Amendments on Nitrogen Acquisition and Growth of Highbush Blueberry." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 127, no. 5 (September 2002): 742–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.127.5.742.

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Анотація:
The ability of mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal `Elliott' highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) plants to acquire soil N under different preplant organic soil amendment regimes (forest litter, rotted sawdust, or no amendment) was investigated in a field experiment using 15N labeled (NH4)2SO4. Plants inoculated with an ericoid mycorrhizal isolate, Oidiodendron maius Dalpé (UAMH 9263), had lower leaf 15N enrichment and higher leaf N contents than noninoculated plants but similar leaf N concentrations, indicating mycorrhizal plants absorbed more nonlabeled soil N than nonmycorrhizal plants. Mycorrhizal plants produced more plant dry weight (DW) and larger canopy volumes. The effect of preplant organic amendments on the growth of highbush blueberry plants was clearly demonstrated. Plants grown in soil amended with forest litter produced higher DW than those in either the rotted sawdust amendment or no amendment. Plants grown in soils amended preplant with sawdust, the current commercial recommendation, were the smallest. Differences in the carbon to nitrogen ratio were likely responsible for growth differences among plants treated with different soil amendments.
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Wiseman, P. Eric, Susan Day, and J. Roger Harris. "Organic Amendment Effects on Soil Carbon and Microbial Biomass in the Root Zone of Three Landscape Tree Species." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 38, no. 6 (November 1, 2012): 262–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2012.036.

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Анотація:
There is increasing interest in amending degraded soils with organic matter to improve soil quality, especially in urban areas where rehabilitation of damaged soils may enhance tree growth and provision of ecosystem services. To assess the potential of such organic amendments for producing a sustained alteration in soil biological characteristics, researchers studied the effects of three organic amendments incorporated into the root zone of three tree species on root development, soil carbon dynamics, and soil microbial biomass over one year beginning 20 months after amendment application. Soil amendment with leaf-based, and to a lesser extent, biosolids-based composts increased root length within the amended root zone of red maple (Acer rubrum), but not of pin oak (Quercus palustris) or chestnut oak (Q. montana). There was a concomitant increase in microbial biomass carbon for red maple. Across all species, sphagnum peat moss amendment reduced microbial biomass carbon by 47% compared to unamended root zones and suppressed maximum seasonal soil respiration relative to composts. In contrast, leaf-based compost increased microbial biomass carbon by 12% (P = 0.0989) compared to unamended root zones. Carbon/nitrogen ratios remained stable throughout most of the year except in the root zones of chestnut oak and pin oak amended with peat, where it declined 44%–85%. Total soil carbon was stable in all treatments, although unamended soils averaged about 40% lower than amended soils. Across all species and treatments, cumulative fine root length explained 19% of the variation in microbial biomass carbon. The study authors conclude that soil microbial activity can be increased by compost amendment of the root zone and that this increase is mediated to some degree by tree roots. In addition, stable C/N ratios suggest this alteration in the root zone may be sustainable. Further research may clarify whether compost amendment combined with tree planting can accelerate soil restoration.
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7

Xiao, Meng, Guangming Liu, Shengguo Jiang, Xuewei Guan, Jinlin Chen, Rongjiang Yao, and Xiuping Wang. "Bio-Organic Fertilizer Combined with Different Amendments Improves Nutrient Enhancement and Salt Leaching in Saline Soil: A Soil Column Experiment." Water 14, no. 24 (December 14, 2022): 4084. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14244084.

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Анотація:
Salt-affected soils frequently experience leaching and desalination issues, which severely restrict plant growth and water uptake. Hence, in this experiment, four treatments including CG (no amendments addition); OF (organic fertilizer addition); OH (organic fertilizer and Hekang amendment addition); and OB (organic fertilizer and fulvic acid addition) were designed to examine the effect of organic amendment on soil chemical properties, water and salt transport, and soil desalination laws of coastal saline soil. The results showed that the addition of organic amendments significantly reduced soil pH (8.47–8.52) and salt content (2.06–2.34 g kg−1), while increasing soil organic matter content, available phosphorus, and available potassium. OH treatment has a higher available phosphorus content than other treatments. OH and OB treatments elevated the soil desalination ratio (32.95% and 32.12%, respectively) by raising the leaching volume and leaching rate. Organic amendments significantly promoted Na+ (4.5–32%) and SO42− (12–27%) leaching compared to CG. Organic treatments, particularly OB treatment, not only increased the content of soil organic matter and available nutrients but also promoted salt ion leaching, improved soil permeability and increased soil desalination and water leaching rates. Our results may provide a theoretical basis for revealing the desalination law of coastal saline soil.
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8

Mohiuddin, Muhammad, Zahid Hussain, Asim Abbasi, Jawad Ali, Muhammad Irshad, Muhammad Atiq Ur Rehman Tariq, Anum Intisar, Aiman Hina, Qamar Uz Zaman, and Anne Wai Man Ng. "Sawdust Amendment in Agricultural and Pasture Soils Can Reduce Iodine Losses." Sustainability 14, no. 20 (October 20, 2022): 13620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142013620.

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Анотація:
Iodine loss is common in the soil of hilly regions due to higher precipitation rates and steeper slopes. Iodine deficiency in soil reduces iodine’s bioavailability to fruits and vegetables and consequently may contribute to health complications. However, the iodine retention of soils after the addition of selected organic and inorganic amendments has not been studied. Therefore, a study was carried out to investigate iodine loss during surface runoff. For this purpose, a soil amendment (namely, sawdust, charcoal, wood ash, lime or gypsum) was applied separately to pasture and agricultural soils under natural rainfall conditions. The soil was fertigated with iodine in the form of potassium iodide (KI) at the rate of 200 ppm. Surface runoff was related to soil properties. Results showed that iodine content in surface runoff was linearly related with soil pH (R2 = 0.89, p < 0.05) and inversely related with soil organic carbon (R2 = −0.76, p < 0.05). Soils amended with sawdust had significantly reduced iodine content in runoff. A higher amount of iodine was lost via surface runoff from soil after inorganic amendment. Soil amendments were varied for iodine retention in soil in the order of sawdust > charcoal > wood ash > lime > gypsum. The study results indicated that organic amendments, especially sawdust, improved soil properties and increased the iodine retention capacity of soils.
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9

Lamptey, Xie, Li, Coulter, and Jagadabhi. "Influence of Organic Amendment on Soil Respiration and Maize Productivity in a Semi-Arid Environment." Agronomy 9, no. 10 (October 3, 2019): 611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9100611.

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Soil degradation and C emissions are a threat to sustainable agriculture in many arid and semi-arid areas. For sustainable agriculture, the influence of soil amendments on crop production and soil respiration has been a key focus of research. A three-year field study to assess how soil amendments influence soil properties, soil respiration (Rs), and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) was conducted. Treatments were: no amendment (NA), chemical fertilizer (CF), swine (Sus scrofa L.) manure (SM), maize stover (MS), and swine manure + chemical fertilizer (SC). Soil amendment (CF, SM, MS, and SC) consistently produced greatest grain yield and aboveground biomass, which averaged 38 and 34% greater than NA, respectively. No amendment reduced Rs by an average of 12% compared to amendment treatments. Enhanced grain yield with soil amendment resulted in increased carbon emission efficiency (CEE) with SC>MS>CF>SM>NA. Across years, SC decreased soil bulk density by 13% and increased CEE, soil total C, and soil hydraulic conductivity by 52, 19, and 21%, respectively, compared to NA. These results demonstrate the viability of swine manure + chemical fertilizer at 200 kg N ha−1 as a soil amendment for improved CEE and advancing sustainable maize production in semi-arid rainfed environments.
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10

Larney, Francis J., H. Henry Janzen, and Andrew F. Olson. "Residual effects of one-time manure, crop residue and fertilizer amendments on a desurfaced soil." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 91, no. 6 (November 2011): 1029–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss10065.

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Анотація:
Larney, F.J., Janzen, H.H. and Olson, A.F. 2011. Residual effectsof one-time manure, crop residue and fertilizer amendments on a desurfaced soil. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 1029–1043. Organic amendments are often used to mitigate the effects of soil degradation caused by erosion. In spring 1992, a desurfaced soil (∼15 cm depth mechanically removed to simulate erosion) received one-time applications of amendments (20 Mg ha−1dry wt), and was subsequently seeded annually to spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). By 2009, six treatments (fresh and old cattle manure, hog and poultry manure, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) hay and straw+200 kg P ha−1) had cumulative yields which were not significantly different (−6.5 to −19.5%) from the topsoil check treatment (no topsoil removed, no amendment). Most (8 of 13) amendment treatments showed significant power function relationships between cumulative grain yield (expressed as a percent of topsoil check) and time while two (hog and poultry manure) were quadratic. Soil organic carbon (SOC) accrued on all treatments over time, increasing significantly from an average of 12.2 g kg−1in 1992 to 13.2 g kg−1(0–15 cm depth) in 2003. Residual amendment effects on total nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) were apparent 11.5 yr after application. Results demonstrated that while drastically disturbed soils may recover productivity in the absence of organic amendments (e.g., eroded check treatment), organic amendments play a residual role in their ongoing maintenance.
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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Soil organic amendment"

1

Bright, Angela. "Organic amendment of soil to combat root pathogens /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16752.pdf.

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2

Layman, Rachel Montgomery. "Rehabilitation of Severely Compacted Urban Soil to Improve Tree Establishment and Growth." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76910.

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Land development restricts tree growth by damaging soil structure and removing organic matter. Mechanical loosening and organic amendment may improve soil physical properties and tree establishment and growth. Effects of typical post-construction practice and improved methods of soil restoration on tree growth and soil properties were evaluated over two years. Treatments included undisturbed soil (UN); minimum effort (ME) (10 cm topsoil); enhanced topsoil (ET) (ME + rototilling); and profile rebuilding (PR) (compost, subsoiling, topsoil and rototilling). Pretreatment included removing topsoil and compacting subsoil to 1.95 g/cm3 bulk density. Acer rubrum L. (red maple), Quercus bicolor Willd. (swamp white oak), Ulmus 'Morton' (Ulmus japonica (Rehd.) Sarg. x Ulmus wilsoniana Schneid.) (Accolade® elm), Prunus 'First Lady' (Prunus xincam x Prunus campanulata) L. and Quercus macrocarpa Michx. (bur oak) were planted in each plot. The PR treatment reduced soil bulk density at 15-20 cm depth and increased soil C/N ratio, pH, and CEC. Mean canopy projection and cross-sectional trunk area in PR plots ranged from 32% to 226% and 16% to 71% greater, respectively, than those in ME plots. PR treatment increased Q. bicolor photosynthesis rates. Greater root presence was observed in deeper soil layers of ET and PR treatments for A. rubrum and of UN and PR for Q. bicolor; root distribution was not measured for other species. Rehabilitation improved soil physical properties and tree growth after two years. Species variation in growth rate and environmental tolerance appeared to influence early growth treatment effects. Long-term data is needed to fully understand effects of soil rehabilitation.
Master of Science
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3

Christel, Dana Mae. "The Use Of Bokashi As A Soil Fertility Amendment In Organic Spinach Cultivation." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2017. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/678.

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Анотація:
Soil fertility management presents the organic farmer with assorted challenges. Organic farmers generally don't follow the typical nutrient prescription approach for fertilizing crops as their conventional counterparts do, having to respond to criteria established by the USDA National Organic Program (NOP). Instead they aim towards improving the organic matter and biological activity of soil. Often this is achieved through the use of composts, either made on farm or purchased. Yet, composting presents challenges to the farmer too, requiring considerable land base, specialized equipment, and attention to various parameters to ensure compost meets NOP standards. There are alternatives to composts that are less explored in our agricultural system; one of them is bokashi. Bokashi is produced by the fermentation of organic materials with a microbial inoculant. The concept of bokashi has East Asia origins, but has been adopted in farming communities throughout the world and is gaining recent attention in countries like the United States as a way to quickly and efficiently transform food and kitchen wastes into an effective soil fertilizer. Little is known about the characteristics and capabilities of bokashi as a soil fertility amendment. The goal of this project was to compare the use of bokashi made from food waste and Effective Microorganisms® inoculum to thermophilic compost and vermicompost as soil fertility amendments to grow spinach in greenhouse and field environments. The greenhouse experiment showed that bokashi (B) treatments had different fertility characteristics than thermophilic compost (TC), vermicompost (V) and control treatments, especially in terms of redox reactive nutrients NO3--N -, Mn, and Fe, which is attributed to the anaerobic process used in its production. B treatments were characterized by initial high concentrations of NH4+, Mn and Fe, while V treatments were characterized by high initial NO3--N - . However, by the conclusion of the experiment, NO3--N - concentrations were greatest in B treatments, and V treatments had concentrations similar to control levels. Aboveground plant height and biomass of spinach in V and B treatments was greater than the control. This experiment suggested that B had a comparable performance to V in terms of nutrient supply and spinach growth. The field trial showed similar effects of B applications on N speciation and Mn and Fe concentrations as observed in the greenhouse experiment. Spinach from B treatments had significantly greater foliar concentrations of N, K, Mn, and Zn, as well as a significantly greater marketable yield than all other treatments at the second cutting of spinach (p<0.05). The field trial indicated that EM bokashi made from food waste may be a suitable supplemental or alternative soil fertility amendment in organic vegetable production systems. In both greenhouse and field trials, the soil microbial community in B treatments had a carbon substrate utilization pattern unique from all other treatments on the basis of principal coordinate analysis. These data suggest that bokashi applications affect the functional diversity of the soil microbial community.
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4

Noble, Helen Louise. "The effect of organic amendment on the environmental fate of pharmaceuticals in soil." Thesis, University of York, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.519838.

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5

Bendfeldt, Eric S. "Dynamics and Characterization of Soil Organic Matter on Mine Soils 16 Years after Amendment with Topsoil, Sawdust, and Sewage Sludge." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35805.

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Анотація:
The present state and future prospect of the world's soil resources has prompted scientists and researchers to address the issue of soil quality and sustainable land management. Soil quality research has focused on intensively-managed agricultural and forest soils, but the concept and importance of soil quality is also pertinent to disturbed systems such as reclaimed mine soils. The restoration of soil function and mine soil quality is essential to long-term ecosystem stability. The objectives of this study were (i) to determine the comparative ability of topsoil, sawdust, and sewage sludge amendments, after 16 years, to positively affect mine soil quality using the following key soil quality variables: organic matter content, aggregate stability, and mineralizable nitrogen, (ii) to determine the effects of these key soil quality variables on plant productivity, and (iii) to determine the comparative ability of trees and herbaceous plants to persist and to conserve or maintain mine soil quality. In 1982, a mined site was amended with seven different surface treatments: a fertilized control (2:1 sandstone:siltstone), 30 cm of native soil + 7.8 Mg ha-1 lime, 112 Mg ha-1 sawdust, and municipal sewage sludge (SS) at rates of 22, 56, 112, and 224 Mg ha-1. Four replicates of each treatment were installed as a randomized complete block design. Whole plots were split according to vegetation type: pitch x loblolly pine hybrid (Pinus rigida x taeda) trees and Kentucky-31 tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). Soil analyses of composite samples for 1982, 1987, and 1998 were evaluated for changing levels of mine soil quality. The positive effect of these organic amendments on organic matter content, total nitrogen, and other soil parameters was most apparent and pronounced after 5 growing seasons. However, after 16 years, soil organic matter content and total nitrogen appear to be equilibrating at about 4.3 and 1.5%. There was a significant difference in organic matter content and nitrogen mineralization potential between vegetation types. Organic matter inputs by vegetation alone over the 16-yr period in the control plots resulted in organic matter and nitrogen mineralization potential values comparable to levels in the organically amended plots. The results suggest that about 15 years is needed for climate, moisture availability, and other edaphic features to have the same influence on overall organic matter decomposition, N accretion, organic nitrogen mineralization levels, system equilibrium, and overall mine soil quality as a one-time 100-Mg ha-1 application of organic amendment. Tree volume and biomass were measured as indices of the effects of organic matter content 16 years after initial amendment. Individual tree volumes of the sawdust, 22, 56, and 112 Mg ha -1 SS treatments retained 18 to 26% more volume than the control, respectively. Overall, fescue production was the same among treatments. Organic amendments improved initial soil fertility for fescue establishment, but it appears that they will have little or no long-lasting effect on plant productivity.
Master of Science
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6

Merritt, Karen A. "Early Stage Humification During Amendment Decomposition and its Influence on Cu-Binding Capacity of Dissolved Organic Carbon." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2002. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/MerrittKA2002.pdf.

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7

Austin, Peter Dalton. "An Evaluation Of Vermicompost As A Fast-Acting Nitrogen Amendment To Mitigate Nitrogen Deficiencies In Organic Vegetable Production." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2015. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/505.

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Анотація:
For sustained production, organic agriculture depends on plant needs being synchronized with the release of nutrients from organic amendments during decomposition within the soil. Because decomposition is strongly dependent on soil moisture and temperature, nutrient needs may not always be met as planned or synchronous with plant need. Unlike conventional agriculture, fast acting amendments are not readily available. Much of the evidence that vermicompost benefits crop production comes from studies on seed germination and production of starts in greenhouses. Yet, there is a dearth of information derived from field studies. Soil, soil and water nitrogen, plant development, and marketable yield were investigated by implementing field plot trials with both starts grown in greenhouses (Experiment 1) and directly seeded (Experiment 2) crops to test hypotheses on fertility, economics and environmental impacts. Results from Experiment 1 showed that plant production was dramatically increased both in the greenhouse as well as subsequently in the field for vermicompost treatments and directly correlates to economic differences. Results from Experiment 2 show that plant production differences between compost treatments vary by site. There was no significant difference in soil and soil water NO3-N, NH4-N and Total Inorganic Nitrogen (TIN) among treatments, site or experiment. The timely rate of plant development in greenhouse started VC treatments shows great potential to be the first to market with fresh produce when other treatments are still waiting to transplant.
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8

Fajardo, Gabriela Isabel. "Physical and Chemical Soil Properties of Ten Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) Mitigation Wetlands." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31304.

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In 1998, the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) adopted standards for soil handling and amendments to improve created non-tidal wetland soil conditions. This study was conducted in sites where these new reconstruction practices were supposedly being implemented. Specific objectives were (i) to determine the relative effects of soil reconstruction practices on mitigation site soils, (ii) to assess the degree to which hydric soil indicators were present, and (iii) to evaluate the relative edaphic potential of mitigation site soils. Soil physical, chemical and morphological properties were analyzed in ten mitigation wetlands located in Virginiaâ s Piedmont and Coastal Plain. Surface soil pH was high due to liming, although some sites demonstrated low subsoil pH, indicating the presence of sulfidic materials. Nutrient levels varied, while C:N ratios were low (<25:1), suggesting a high quality organic matter complex. Organic amendments were generally applied at a rate of 4% soil organic matter content. Actual measured carbon content was <2.6% (<50 Mg ha-1). Sites not receiving organic materials and associated tillage had root-limiting bulk densities at the surface, while the majority of sites had root-limiting subsoil (30 cm) bulk densities due to weakly developed soil structure and a lack of deep ripping practices. Many sites also contained high sand content (>50%), which may negatively affect other soil properties. Nine sites had confirmed Hydric Soil Indicators, with their occurrence in a site as high as 70%. Soil reconstruction methods need to incorporate higher organic amendment rates and/or routine disking/ripping practices to improve mitigation wetland soil conditions.
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Kane, David. "Evaluating phosphorus availability in soils receiving organic amendment application using the Diffusive Gradients in Thin-films (DGT) technique." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2013. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/8001.

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Phosphorus is a resource in finite supply. Use of organic amendments in agriculture can be a sustainable alternative to inorganic P, provided it can meet crop requirements. However a lack of consistent knowledge of plant P availability following application of organic amendments, limits its potential. Studies suggest chemical extraction procedures, may not reflect plant available P. The Diffusive Gradients in Thin-films (DGT) technique is based on natural diffusion of P via a hydrogel and sorption to a ferrihydrite binding layer; which should accurately represent soil P (CDGT) in a plant available form. The aim of this research was to evaluate changes in soil P availability, following the addition of organic amendments, cattle farmyard manure (FYM), green waste compost (GW), cattle slurry (SLRY) and superphosphate (SP) using Olsen P and DGT. The research included incubation, and glasshouse studies, using ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Soils with a history of application of the aforementioned organic amendments were used (Gleadthorpe), as well as a soil deficient in P (Kincraigie). The hypotheses were as follows H1 A build-up of P available by diffusive supply, from historic treatment additions and subsequent availability from fresh treatment additions will be demonstrated by DGT. H2 Historical treatment additions are more important at determining yield and P uptake than fresh additions. H3 DGT can detect changes in P available by diffusive supply following addition of different treatments and subsequently following lysis of microbial cells on a soil deficient in P. H4 DGT will provide a more accurate indication of plant P availability than organic amendments in a soil deficient in P. H5 P measurements using DGT will be lower from organic amendments than superphosphate.H6 DIFS simulations of soil kinetic parameters will provide additional information about how treatments influence P resupply from solid phase to solution following DGT deployment. Cont/d.
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Abdullahi, Yusuf Ahmed. "Optimisation of anaerobic digestion of organic solid waste for the production of quality compost for soil amendment." Thesis, Abertay University, 2008. https://rke.abertay.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/f694b161-4d15-4585-8018-64a7cf714480.

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Organic Fractions of Municipal Solid waste (OFMSW) is rich in organic matter, which can be recycled through energy recovery and compost production. The move towards sustainable management of OFMSW is shifting from energy recovery alone to the integration of separation at source, feedstock selection and disposal/reuse of the residuals. The sustainable management of OFMSW presents a challenge due to policy shifts and increasing pressure on landfills. This research was proposed in this background to establish a suitable feedstock combination of source separated wastes for biogas and compost production. Little information is available on factors affecting the combined anaerobic/aerobic treatment of source separated OFMSW and the soil enhancing qualities of the resulting post treated digestate (anaerobic digestate compost). This study investigated suitability of laboratory simulated feedstock for biogas and compost production and the impacts of the compost produced on physical, chemical and biological properties of soil. The study was carried out in five stages. The first stage investigated the natural buffering capacity, biogas production and degradability of various proportions of food and green wastes in anaerobic cultures. The studies showed that a waste mixture of food waste: green waste: inoculum in the ratio 2 :2:1 as optimal for biogas production, volatile solids destruction and pH stability. The study also showed that the choice of waste mixture can be useful for pH control during anaerobic digestion of OFMSW. The second stage, investigated the factors affecting aerobic post-treatment of the anaerobic digestate obtained from the first stage. Results showed increasing solids concentration and decreasing C:N ratio with increasing aerobic treatment. Generally, the results (TS, TVS, C: N) suggest increasing digestate stability with increasing aerobic post treatment. The third stage investigated the quality and stability of the post- anaerobically treated digestate using seed germination and plant growth tests. Results showed that non-digested model feedstock and anaerobic digestates collected at various times during anaerobic digestion showed low seed germination index. On the other hand digestates collected during aerobic post-treatment showed higher seed germination indexes with increasing aeration times. No seed germination inhibition (phytotoxicity) was observed in soils amended with aerobically posttreated digestate. Generally the results indicate increased digestates stability with increasing duration and intensity of anaerobic-aerobic treatments. The fourth stage investigated the soil enhancing qualities of anaerobic digestate and aerobically post-treated digestate. Results obtained showed that anaerobic digestate is not suitable soil for amendment of arable soils. However, post aerobically treated digestate (i.e. anaerobic digestate compost) improved the physical, chemical and biological qualities of amended soils. Soil analyses showed that the anaerobic digestate compost amendment improved water retention, water infiltration, carbon mineralization and assimilation and significantly increased the soil biomass and bioactivity. Plant growth tests showed that the anaerobic digestate compost significantly increased plant heights, number o f leaves and dry matter contents. In the final stage microbial diversity was investigated in anaerobic digestate compost amended soils. The study revealed significant changes in the diversity of soil microbial populations. The results suggest greater variations in fungi indicating that anaerobic digestate compost amendments have greater impacts on soil fungal populations than bacterial communities. In general, this study demonstrated that depending on the raw waste composition and the nature and duration of biological treatment received, OFMSW could be associated with high biogas yield, soil fertility and productivity and can bring about changes in dynamics of soil populations and functions. Whilst the study indicates the suitability of anaerobic digestate compost for soil management applications, the holistic approach employed in this study if applied on a larger scale could lead to sustainability in management of OFMSW.
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Книги з теми "Soil organic amendment"

1

Alam, M. Mashkoor. Bibliography on organic amendments in nematode control. Allahabad: Bioved Research Society, 1994.

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Organic residues: A resource for arable soils. Uppsala, Sweden: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2005.

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Ltd, Land Resources Network. Organic materials as soil amendments in reclamation: A review of the literature. Edmonton, Alta: Alberta Land Conservation and Reclamation Council, Reclamation Research Technical Advisory Committee, 1993.

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Colloque sur les amendements organiques et la productivité du sol (1991 Drummondville, Québec). Colloque sur les amendements organiques et la productivité du sol: Drummondville, 7 octobre 1991. [Québec]: Gouvernement du Québec, Ministère de l'agriculture, des pêcheries et de l'alimentation, 1991.

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Meghvansi, Mukesh K., and Ajit Varma, eds. Organic Amendments and Soil Suppressiveness in Plant Disease Management. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23075-7.

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Knoop, Melina. Technical information on the use of organic materials as soil amendments: A literature review, October 12, 1990. [Washington, D.C.?: Solid Waste Composting Council?, 1991.

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7

R, Curtis Willie, United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Research and Development., and Northeastern Forest Experiment Station (Radnor, Pa.), eds. A guide for the use of organic materials as mulches in reclamation of coal minesoils in the eastern United States. Broomall, Pa: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Station, 1985.

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Slick, Bernard M. A guide for the use of organic materials as mulches in reclamation of coal minesoils in the eastern United States. Broomall, Pa: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Station, 1985.

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9

Ulʹi︠a︡nova, O. A. Ėkologicheskai︠a︡ ot︠s︡enka primenenii︠a︡ korot︠s︡eolitovogo substrata. Krasnoi︠a︡rsk: Krasnoi︠a︡rskiĭ gos. agrarnyĭ universitet, 2004.

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10

Illinois. Bureau of Energy and Recycling. What is vermicomposting? Springfield, Ill.]: Illinois Dept. of Commerce & Economic Opportunity, Bureau of Energy & Recycling, 2005.

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Частини книг з теми "Soil organic amendment"

1

Singh, Omkar, Shivangi Singh, Vijay Kant Singh, and Anand Singh. "Biochar: An Organic Amendment for Sustainable Soil Health." In Encyclopedia of Green Materials, 1–10. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4921-9_265-1.

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Xie, Zubin, Gang Liu, Qicheng Bei, Chunmei Chen, Georg Cadisch, Qi Liu, Zhibin Lin, Hasegawa Toshihiro, and Jianguo Zhu. "Soil Organic Carbon Stocks, Changes and CO2 Mitigation Potential by Alteration of Residue Amendment Pattern in China." In Soil Carbon, 457–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04084-4_45.

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3

EL-Mously, Hamed, Mohamad Midani, and Eman A. Darwish. "Date Palm Byproducts in Organic Fertilizers, Compost, Soil Amendment and Coal." In Date Palm Byproducts: A Springboard for Circular Bio Economy, 221–34. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0475-4_8.

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4

Giagnoni, Laura, Tania Martellini, Roberto Scodellini, Alessandra Cincinelli, and Giancarlo Renella. "Co-composting: An Opportunity to Produce Compost with Designated Tailor-Made Properties." In Organic Waste Composting through Nexus Thinking, 185–211. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36283-6_9.

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AbstractCo-composting is a technique that allows the aerobic degradation of organic waste mixtures, primarily aiming at obtaining compost that can be used as fertiliser or soil amendment. As compared to the typical composting activity, the main difference is not merely the use of more than one feedstock to start and sustain the biodegradation process, but also the possibility of combining various kinds of waste to obtain ‘tailored’ products with designed properties, or to reclaim and valorise natural resources, such as degraded soils or polluted soils and sediments. Set up of appropriate co-composting protocols can be a way to optimise the management of waste produced by different sectors of agriculture and industry and also from human settlements. Different formulations can not only optimise the biodegradation process through the adjustment of nutrient ratios, but also lead to the formation of products with innovative properties. Moreover, co-composting can be a technique of choice for the reclamation of soils degraded by intensive agriculture or contaminated soils and sediments. In fact, an appropriate mix of organic waste and soils can restore the soil structure and induce fertility in nutrient-depleted soils, and also remediate polluted soils and sediments through degradation of organic pollutants and stabilisation of heavy metals. While the selection of different mixes of organic waste may lead to the design of composts with specific properties and the potential valorisation of selected waste materials, there are still several factors that hamper the development of co-composting platforms, mainly insufficient knowledge of some chemical and microbiological processes, but also some legislative aspects. This chapter illustrates the progress achieved in co-composting technology worldwide, some key legislative aspects related to the co-composting process, the main scientific and technical aspects that deserve research attention to further develop co-composting technology, and successful applications of co-composting for the reclamation of soils and sediments, allowing their use for cultivation or as growing media in plant nurseries. A specific case study of the production of fertile plant-growing media from sediment co-composting with green waste is also illustrated.
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Yu, Mingge, Hong Xiao, Dechao Duan, Jie Yu, Yingxu Chen, and Jie Xu. "Influence of Tea Polyphenols Amendment to Contaminated Soil on Lead Speciation, Transformation, and Bioavailability." In Functions of Natural Organic Matter in Changing Environment, 679–84. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5634-2_123.

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Canali, Stefano, Corrado Ciaccia, and Fabio Tittarelli. "Soil Fertility Management in Organic Potato: The Role of Green Manure and Amendment Applications." In Sustainable Potato Production: Global Case Studies, 453–69. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4104-1_26.

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Franzen, David W., Keith Goulding, Antonio P. Mallarino, and Michael J. Bell. "How Closely Is Potassium Mass Balance Related to Soil Test Changes?" In Improving Potassium Recommendations for Agricultural Crops, 263–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59197-7_10.

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AbstractThe exchangeable fraction of soil potassium (K) has been viewed as the most important source of plant-available K, with other sources playing smaller roles that do not influence the predictive value of a soil test. Thus, as K mass balance changes, the soil test should change correspondingly to be associated with greater or reduced plant availability. However, soil test changes and the availability of K to plants are influenced by many other factors. This chapter reviews research on soil test K changes and the relation to crop uptake and yield. A mass-balance relationship is rarely achieved from the measurement of exchangeable K because of the potential for buffering of K removal from structural K in feldspars and from interlayer K in primary and secondary layer silicates. Similarly, surplus K additions can be fixed in interlayer positions in secondary layer silicates, or potentially sequestered in sparingly soluble neoformed secondary minerals, neither of which is measured as exchangeable K. In addition, soil moisture, temporal differences in exchangeable K with K uptake by crops, K leaching from residues, clay type, organic matter contribution to the soil CEC, and type of K amendment confound attempts to relate K additions and losses with an exchangeable K soil test. Research is needed to create regionally specific K soil test procedures that can predict crop response for a subset of clays and K-bearing minerals within specific cropping systems.
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Ye, Qingfu, Qinzheng Zhang, and Zhenli He. "Effect of Organic Matter Amendment on Uptake of Inorganic P by Ryegrass and Transformation Dynamics of Phosphorus from 32P Labelled Ryegrass in Red Soil." In The Red Soils of China, 295–305. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2138-1_21.

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Garcia-Mina, J. M., R. Jordana, J. Aguirreolea, and M. A. Hernandez. "The effect of a special organic amendment on the development of pepper plants cultivated in a soil infested with Verticillium dahliae." In Fertilizers and Environment, 301–3. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1586-2_50.

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Baum, Christel, Bettina Eichler-Löbermann, and Katarzyna Hrynkiewicz. "Impact of Organic Amendments on the Suppression of Fusarium Wilt." In Soil Biology, 353–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23075-7_16.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Soil organic amendment"

1

Chambal Pandey and Sanjay Shukla. "Effects of Soil Organic amendment on Water and Nutrient Movement in a Sandy Soil." In 2006 Portland, Oregon, July 9-12, 2006. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.20667.

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Vendina, Viktorija, Austra Zusevica, and Dagnija Lazdina. "Review of different types of fertilizers for willow plantations." In 22nd International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2023.22.tf165.

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Willow (Salix) family is one of the fastest-growing woody energy crops. It·has been widely used for biomass energy production in short-rotation plantations, carbon storage in longer rotation, and as a phytoremediation plant in Northern Europe. Willows could be cultivated on a wide range of soils, including marginal land, and they are readily propagated by planting un-rooted cuttings. Soil fertilization is necessary for obtaining a higher biomass yield. Different side products of energy production and municipal waste could be used for soil improvement. The aim of this research is to review fertilization practices in short-rotation willow plantations and their impact on the biomass yield. The data from the literature were collected, and different doses of various fertilizers were compared. The response to fertilization is positive if fertilizer contains complex NPK macro elements. The most appropriate dose per hectare varies depending on the soil properties, soil types, willow varieties, weather conditions, water availability, and other factors. Wood ash and peat could be used for soil improvement to solve the main characteristic marginal soils problems in Latvia – low organic content and pH value. Wood ash has high concentrations of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) and already is widely used as a liming agent in organic farming. Less demanded peat fractions, dewatered wastewater sludge, and biogas fermentation leftover -digestate contain a high amount of organic matter and nitrogen, therefore, could be used as a replacement for previously used fertilizers such as cattle slurry. In addition, wastewater sludge, digestate, and wood ash are also sources of microelements. A mix of all listed products has a high potential to be used as a complex soil amendment.
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Stankevica, Karina. "ORGANIC RICH FRESHWATER SEDIMENTS (SAPROPEL) AS POTENTIAL SOIL AMENDMENT FOR RECULTIVATION OF AREAS CONTAMINATED WITH HEAVY METALS." In 13th SGEM GeoConference on WATER RESOURCES. FOREST, MARINE AND OCEAN ECOSYSTEMS. Stef92 Technology, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2013/bc3/s13.016.

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Pohan, Selvia, Amrizal Amrizal, Eli Masni, Wina Puspitasari, Wina Puspitasari, Nuraisah Malau, Reninda Pasaribu, Reninda Pasaribu, and Rahmayani Siregar. "The Use of Bokashi Compost as a Soil Fertility Amendment in Increasing Vegetative Growth of Organic Tomato (Lycopersicum Esculentum Mill.)." In Proceedings of The 5th Annual International Seminar on Trends in Science and Science Education, AISTSSE 2018, 18-19 October 2018, Medan, Indonesia. EAI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.18-10-2018.2287296.

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Kim, SI, HH Kim, BJ Seong, MG Jee, KS Lee, HG Kim, and KB Kweon. "Influence of Soil Flooding with Organic Matters Amendment on Reducing the Root Rot Disease and Content of Ginsenosides in Ginseng Crops." In GA 2017 – Book of Abstracts. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1608064.

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6

Burlakovs, Juris, Jovita Pilecka, Inga Grinfelde, and Ruta Ozola-Davidane. "Clay minerals and humic substances as landfill closure covering material constituents: first studies." In Research for Rural Development 2020. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/rrd.26.2020.032.

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Soil and groundwater as the leachate may contaminate surrounding watersheds, thus different pollutants from closed dumps and landfills pose significant risks to human health and ecology. Pollution may lead to soil and water degradation however it might be diminished through sustainable dump site closure projects and processual management. Several decades of clays and clay minerals studies lead to modified clay composites concept that is one of the potential promising solutions for building the landfill covering material and serve as capping biocover layer at the same time. As humic substances are constituents of soil organic matter, pollutants can be sorbed on the surfaces of complex molecules. This kind of humic acid-clay mineral composite materials thus might become as low cost building material component - covering material. Construction of such layer are to be performed as a combination of clay-humic composites and landfill mined fine fraction of waste with small amendment of natural soil. Several hypotheses that are already proven has to be mentioned: a) Clay minerals produce composites with humic substances; 2) Clay-humic complexes reduce through sorption both organic and inorganic pollutants; 3) Low risk of toxic byproducts from landfill mined waste fine fraction can be the problem; 4) Such composites mostly would trap toxic contaminants (e.g., pharmaceuticals) found in reworked fine fraction of waste. The aim of the work is to provide alternative solution for landfill closure by giving theoretical considerations from multidisciplinary knowledge of environmental engineering, chemistry and waste management.
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BIKOVENS, Oskars, Jevgenija PONOMARENKO, Sarmite JANCEVA, Maris LAUBERTS, Laima VEVERE, and Galina TELYSHEVA. "DEVELOPMENT OF THE APPROACHES FOR COMPLEX UTILIZATION OF BROWN ALGAE (FUCUS VESICULOSUS) BIOMASS FOR THE OBTAINING OF VALUE-ADDED PRODUCTS." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.091.

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The seaweed collected after stranding on beaches of Latvia is underexploited natural resource, which has a potential as raw material for biologically active compound extraction for cosmetic and pharmacy and fertilizer in sustainable agriculture. The aim of the present study was development of the approach for the processing of brown alga Fucus vesiculosus biomass, collected from the Gulf of Riga. The thorough characterization of the chemical composition of Fucus vesiculosus has shown that it is a potential source for obtaining of nitrogen-containing fertilizers, and biologically active compounds. One of the proposed approaches for the processing of the Fucus vesiculosus biomass under study includes algae extraction with organic solvents and CaCl2 solution and obtaining soil organic amendment on the basis of the extract-free residue. The ethyl acetate extract was rich in phenolic compounds (430 ± 30 GAE mg/g) with high antioxidant activity in DPPH• and ABTS•+ tests. The ethanol extract contained significant amounts of phlorotannins that was confirmed by the data of LC-MS/MS analysis. The CaCl2 extract was used for the obtaining of sulphated polysaccharide fucoidane (yield ≈7% on the basis of oven dry matter, o.d.m.), which has numerous biological activities. The extract-free residue didn’t show phytotoxicity. The extract free algal biomass exhibited positive effect in root elongation tests with oat (Avena sativa). As alternative approach for processing of the algal biomass, the mechano-chemical treatment of algal biomass with lignin was proposed. EPR analyses confirmed interaction between algal biomass and lignin.
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Yan Yu, Yanju Chen, Caihong Guo, Jin weidong, and Zhaohua Lu. "Effects of organic amendments on the salt-affected soil." In 2011 International Conference on Remote Sensing, Environment and Transportation Engineering (RSETE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rsete.2011.5964977.

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Novikov, N. N., S. V. Mitrofanov, N. N. Grachev, M. M. Varfolomeeva, and M. E. Denisova. "PROBLEMS OF AGROECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF LAND PLOTS FOR THEIR SUITABILITY FOR ORGANIC PRODUCTION AND DETOXIFICATION OF SOILS CONTAMINATED WITH PESTICIDES AND HEAVY METALS." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS Volume 2. DSTU-Print, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.2.547-550.

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Based on the analysis of statistical yearbooks "state of contamination of soils and objects of the natural environment of the Russian Federation with pesticides and toxicants of industrial origin", analysis of the incidence of workers and the population from exposure to residual pesticides and heavy metals, the need to assess soil contamination for organic farming purposes in accordance with the requirements of article 9 of the Federal law of 03.08.2018 No. 280-FZ "on organic products and amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation"is justified. For evaluation, a digital technology is proposed in the management of environmental safety and labor protection in agriculture, developed by scientists of the ITOSH-branch of the FGBNU FNAC VIM. It is proposed to solve the problems of detoxification of soils contaminated with heavy metals and residual pesticides identified during the assessment using the available domestic and foreign experience by various methods: physical, physical-chemical, and biological.
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Andrade Foronda, Demis. "Reclamation of a Saline-Sodic Soil with Organic Amendments and Leaching." In LAFOBA2. Basel Switzerland: MDPI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2022016056.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Soil organic amendment"

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Busby, Ryan, H. Torbert, and Stephen Prior. Soil and vegetation responses to amendment with pulverized classified paper waste. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44202.

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The United States Army produces a significant amount of classified paper waste that is pulverized to a fine consistency unsuitable for recycling. However, cheap, high quality organic materials such as classified paper waste are useful as soil amendments. The objective of this research was to evaluate the utilization of pulverized classified paper waste as a soil amendment to improve soil health and increase establishment of desirable native grasses on degraded Army training lands. Paper was applied at rates of 9 to 72 Mg ha⁻¹ to two soil types at Fort Polk, LA: an alfisol (very fine sandy loam - Fine, smectitic, thermic Chromic Vertic Hapludalfs) and an ultisol (loamy fine sandy - Loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Arenic Paleudults). These are common soil orders found on military training lands nationwide and represent fertile (alfisol) and unfertile (ulitsol) soils. Vegetation and soils were monitored over 2 growing seasons. No increase in heavy metals were observed in soils. Extensive analysis showed very low levels of regulated contaminants in the paper, but most were below detection limits. The ultisol site showed improved soil physical and chemical properties, while desirable vegetation benefitted from nutrient immobilization at the alfisol site. Based on the results of this study, applying pulverized paper waste to soil at a rate of 35.9 Mg ha⁻¹ is recommended. Application of paper waste to soils had no adverse environmental effects, improved soil physiochemical properties, and facilitated establishment of desirable native vegetation.
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VanderGheynst, Jean, Michael Raviv, Jim Stapleton, and Dror Minz. Effect of Combined Solarization and in Solum Compost Decomposition on Soil Health. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7594388.bard.

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Анотація:
In soil solarization, moist soil is covered with a transparent plastic film, resulting in passive solar heating which inactivates soil-borne pathogen/weed propagules. Although solarization is an effective alternative to soil fumigation and chemical pesticide application, it is not widely used due to its long duration, which coincides with the growing season of some crops, thereby causing a loss of income. The basis of this project was that solarization of amended soil would be utilized more widely if growers could adopt the practice without losing production. In this research we examined three factors expected to contribute to greater utilization of solarization: 1) investigation of techniques that increase soil temperature, thereby reducing the time required for solarization; 2) development and validation of predictive soil heating models to enable informed decisions regarding soil and solarization management that accommodate the crop production cycle, and 3) elucidation of the contributions of microbial activity and microbial community structure to soil heating during solarization. Laboratory studies and a field trial were performed to determine heat generation in soil amended with compost during solarization. Respiration was measured in amended soil samples prior to and following solarization as a function of soil depth. Additionally, phytotoxicity was estimated through measurement of germination and early growth of lettuce seedlings in greenhouse assays, and samples were subjected to 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing to characterize microbial communities. Amendment of soil with 10% (g/g) compost containing 16.9 mg CO2/g dry weight organic carbon resulted in soil temperatures that were 2oC to 4oC higher than soil alone. Approximately 85% of total organic carbon within the amended soil was exhausted during 22 days of solarization. There was no significant difference in residual respiration with soil depth down to 17.4 cm. Although freshly amended soil proved highly inhibitory to lettuce seed germination and seedling growth, phytotoxicity was not detected in solarized amended soil after 22 days of field solarization. The sequencing data obtained from field samples revealed similar microbial species richness and evenness in both solarized amended and non-amended soil. However, amendment led to enrichment of a community different from that of non-amended soil after solarization. Moreover, community structure varied by soil depth in solarized soil. Coupled with temperature data from soil during solarization, community data highlighted how thermal gradients in soil influence community structure and indicated microorganisms that may contribute to increased soil heating during solarization. Reliable predictive tools are necessary to characterize the solarization process and to minimize the opportunity cost incurred by farmers due to growing season abbreviation, however, current models do not accurately predict temperatures for soils with internal heat generation associated with the microbial breakdown of the soil amendment. To address the need for a more robust model, a first-order source term was developed to model the internal heat source during amended soil solarization. This source term was then incorporated into an existing “soil only” model and validated against data collected from amended soil field trials. The expanded model outperformed both the existing stable-soil model and a constant source term model, predicting daily peak temperatures to within 0.1°C during the critical first week of solarization. Overall the results suggest that amendment of soil with compost prior to solarization may be of value in agricultural soil disinfestations operations, however additional work is needed to determine the effects of soil type and organic matter source on efficacy. Furthermore, models can be developed to predict soil temperature during solarization, however, additional work is needed to couple heat transfer models with pathogen and weed inactivation models to better estimate solarization duration necessary for disinfestation.
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3

Pratt, P. F., Yoram Avnimelech, William Jury, Israela Ravina, and Shas Mattigod. Ionic Balances and Reactions of Calcium Potassium and Phosphorous in Soils Treated with Wastes and Organic Amendments. United States Department of Agriculture, February 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1985.7598175.bard.

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