Готові списки джерел за темами / Soil fauna

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Soil fauna"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021
Оновлено: 22 лютого 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Soil fauna":

1

SCHRADER, Stefan, Friederike WOLFARTH, and Elisabeth OLDENBURG. "Biological Control of Soil-borne Phytopathogenic Fungi and their Mycotoxins by Soil Fauna." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Agriculture 70, no. 2 (November 25, 2013): 291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-agr:9743.

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Yield loss through harmful fungi is a serious problem in crop production worldwide. Cereal residues like straw are frequently infected by Fusarium fungi, which produce mycotoxins like deoxynivalenol (DON). Mycotoxins lead to quality losses in cereal-based food and feed which endangers human and animal health. Especially under conservation tillage, when mulching techniques are applied to protect soil from erosion, run-off etc., residues should be efficiently degraded to protect the currently cultivated crop from fungal infection and mycotoxin contamination. The objective of this review is to give an overview on which role decomposing soil fauna plays in the fate of Fusarium fungi and there main mycotoxin DON in the soil system. Generally, soil fauna benefits from conservation tillage compared to conventional tillage. Results from experiments in the laboratory and field revealed that earthworms as primary and secondary decomposers as well as fungivorous collembolans and soil nematodes contribute to the ecosystem services of pathogen depression and toxin degradation with respect to Fusarium and DON. Fusarium seems to be an attractive food source. Furthermore, the mycotoxin DON does not cause any harm to the soil fauna tested. Key factors for the control of Fusarium development by antagonistic soil fauna are: (1) interaction with soil microorganisms; (2) interaction of soil fauna species; (3) soil texture; (4) residue exposure. Ecosystem services of antagonistic soil fauna are vital to crop production and the functioning of agroecosystems. They will be discussed in a broader context of soil health and conservation tillage.
2

Telnov, Dmitry, and Ineta Salmane. "Ecology and Diversity of Urban Pine Forest Soil Invertebrates in Rīga, Latvia / Augsnes Bezmugurkaulnieku Bioloģiskā Daudzveidība Urbānajos Priežu Mežos Rīgā, Latvijā." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. 69, no. 3 (August 1, 2015): 120–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/prolas-2015-0017.

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Abstract A study on ecology and diversity of soil invertebrates of urban pine and mixed pine forests was carried out in seven different sampling plots in Rīga during 2014. Ninety eight soil samples were processed and in total, 40 426 specimens were extracted (of them, 25 237 specimens were identified to species level and 15 189 to order level). Indices (abundance, community similarity etc.) characterising faunal diversity and species communities of Rīga city soil fauna were estimated. The most numerous soil invertebrate groups were Collembola, Oribatida and Mesostigmata, accounting for 95% of all collected animals. There was rather high diversity of soil invertebrates in the disturbed urban forest habitats, but undisturbed soils harbour a greater species richness of mite fauna than disturbed soils.
3

Lee, KE, and RC Foster. "Soil fauna and soil structure." Soil Research 29, no. 6 (1991): 745. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9910745.

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Significant effects of soil fauna on soil structure are achieved mainly by a few groups among the larger soil invertebrates that are widely distributed and generally present in large numbers. Of these groups the most important are earthworms, termites and ants. The review deals mainly with earthworms, which are distributed throughout all but the coldest and the driest regions of the world. The effects of termites and ants on soil structure are also discussed. These groups of soil animals are also widely distributed, but are most common and most effective in influencing soil structure in tropical and warm temperate regions. A brief section deals with the influence of microarthropods, which are commonly found in large numbers, but because of their small size are unable to make large burrows in the mineral soil horizons, and are largely confined to pre-existing voids in litter and surface soil horizons. Their faecal pellets are granular and largely organic, with little included mineral soil material, and they sometimes make up the major proportion of forest litter layers. Quantitative assessment of the influence of earthworms on soil structure is available, but information on other groups is largely qualitative. The burrows of earthworms contribute to macroporosity and so influence water infiltration and aeration. Anecic species, that live in semi-permanent burrows opening to the soil surface and feed at the surface, provide more or less vertical channels for water infiltration and gas exchange. Endogeic species, that burrow continuously in search of food within the soil, provide more horizontally oriented, frequently extensive and intersecting networks of macropores that promote water movement and gas diffusion. Burrows that penetrate soil surface crusts are particularly important for water entry to the soil. Water movement through pores of the dimensions of earthworm burrows is important only when rainfall or irrigation supplies water at rates that exceed the capacity of the soil surface for capillary uptake. The combination of increase in surface area available for capillary uptake through the burrow walls and of hydraulic pressure resulting from the column of water in a water-filled burrow increases infiltration. Occupied burrows of anecic species may be sealed with soil or plant litter by the resident earthworm when water is ponded on the soil surface, or blocked by the earthworm's body, so as to be ineffective for water infiltration. When burrows are air-filled they provide surfaces that penetrate below ground and facilitate gas exchange.
4

Crawford, Clifford S. "Desert Soil Fauna." Journal of Arid Environments 8, no. 3 (May 1985): 237–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-1963(18)31288-6.

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5

Acosta, J. A., S. Martinez-Martinez, A. Faz, J. M. Van Mourik, and J. M. Arocena. "Micromorphological and Chemical Approaches to Understand Changes in Ecological Functions of Metal-Impacted Soils under Various Land Uses." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2011 (2011): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/521329.

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We investigated the changes in faunal activities as measures of the ecological functions of soils impacted by potentially toxic metals (PTMs) under urban, industrial, agricultural, and natural uses. Concentrations and distributions of Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu, Mn, and Fe were estimated by sequential chemical extractions, while relicts and present faunal activities were studied by micromorphological analyses. Urban and natural lands were contaminated with Pb, Cd, and Zn. Microarthropods and fungi are observed to be active in the litter decomposition in natural, agricultural and urban lands which indicates that total concentration of PTMs in soils is not a good indicator to evaluate the limitations of PTMs to fauna activity. Metals immobilization on carbonates and Fe/Mn oxides, and fertilizations reduced the negative effects of metals on faunal activity. Micromorphological analyses showed the impacts of metal on soil ecological functions in industrial site, where the surface soils are devoid of any evidence of faunal activity; likely due to high proportion of Pb and Zn in organic components. Therefore, the impacts of metals in soil fauna activities, hence ecological functions of soils, are best evaluated by the knowledge of metal partitioning on solid phases in combination with observations of fauna activities using micromorphological techniques.
6

Zheng, Xiaoxue, Yan Tao, Zhongqiang Wang, Chen Ma, Hong He, and Xiuqin Yin. "Soil macro-fauna respond to environmental variations along a coastal-inland gradient." PeerJ 8 (July 14, 2020): e9532. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9532.

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Varied environmental conditions in coastal-inland zones tend to influence soil faunal communities. However, few studies have focused on the responses of soil fauna to environmental variations along the coastal-inland gradient. In order to better understand the aforementioned responses, a total of 80 soil macro-faunal samples were collected at the five different distances from the coastline of China’s Bohai Bay. The results revealed that the compositions, structural characteristics and diversity of the soil macro-fauna varied among the different habitats. With the increases in the distance from the sea, the individual density, richness and diversity levels of the soil macro-fauna all first increased and then decreased. The individual density, richness and diversity values were all at their maximum at 30 km from the sea. The Edge effect promoted unique and rare soil macro-faunal taxa. Formicidae, Curculionidae and Aphodiidae were found to be the edge taxa. Agelenidae, Liocranidae and Nematocera were considered to be indicator taxa of severe sea effects. Paradoxosomatidae was an indicator taxon of slight effects. Overall, the environmental variations along the coastal-inland gradient were found to have the potential to affect the soil macro-faunal communities, and the different taxa of the soil macro-fauna responded to those variations in different ways. This study further revealed the processes and mechanisms of the sea influencing the soil macro-faunal communities, which had been caused by the coastal-inland gradient. The results of this study also provided a theoretical basis for developing future biodiversity guidelines for coastal ecosystems.
7

Li, Xiaoqiang, Xiuqin Yin, Zhenhai Wang, and Weihong Fan. "Interaction between decomposing litter and soil fauna of the Betula ermanii forest floor of the Changbai Mountains, China." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 44, no. 12 (December 2014): 1507–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2014-0248.

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Soil fauna play a key role in litter decomposition as they influence the litter mass loss rate in terrestrial ecosystems. However, the interaction between decomposing litter and soil fauna has not been adequately addressed. We examine the interaction between different types of decomposing litter and soil fauna on the Betula ermanii Cham. (BE) forest floor of the Changbai Mountains, China, by measuring the mass loss of six litter species groups using litterbags with two sizes of mesh (4 mm and 0.01 mm) during a yearlong experiment. Soil fauna were identified at the order level. We found that soil fauna have a limited effect on litter mass loss at the initial stage of the experiment. Its positive effect became apparent at month 12 of the experiment. After 1 year, soil fauna increased the litter mass loss rate of the high-quality litter of Parasenecio komarovianus (Pojark.) Y.L. Chen (PK) by 7.02% and of the low-quality litter of Rhododendron aureum Georgi (RA) by 25.26%. BE + PK litter was associated with a significantly higher abundance of soil fauna at months 8 and 10 of the experiment and also with a significantly higher richness of soil fauna at month 10 of the experiment. At the end of the experiment, however, the Shannon–Wiener diversity index of soil fauna was not necessarily higher in mixed-species litter. Litter mixing did promote the abundance, richness, and diversity of soil fauna during the warm season in the high-quality litter substrate of BE + PK. Our results illustrate that the impact of soil fauna on the litter mass loss of both single- and mixed-species litterbags ranges from a limited impact to a positive impact as litter mass loss advances. The soil fauna contribute more to the litter mass loss of the low-quality litter with higher C to N ratios than to those with a low C to N ratio. The promoting effect of litter mixing on the soil faunal community composition is only short term and is dependent on substrate quality.
8

Senicovscaia, Irina, Andrei Danilov, and Andriana Danilov. "BIODIVERSITY OF EDAPHIC FAUNA IN GRAY FOREST SOILS OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA." Current Trends in Natural Sciences 10, no. 19 (July 31, 2021): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.47068/ctns.2021.v10i19.018.

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Gray forest soils of the natural ecosystems in the central and northern zones of the Republic of Moldova are the habitat and the source of conservation and reproduction of the edaphic fauna. They represent themselves the standards of the biodiversity for soil invertebrates. Invertebrates sampling was carried out from test cuts by manual sampling of soil layers to the depth of soil fauna occurrence. The main content of invertebrates in gray soils under the forest was in the layer of 0-20 cm. In addition to the Lumbricidae family there were found the species of the Clubionidae, Hydromiidae, Scarabaeidae, Oniscidae, Tortricidae, Julidae, Curculionidae, Carabidae, Geophilidae, Tenebrionidae, Melandryidae and Formicidae families. Species of Eisenia rosea, Euomphalia strigella, Formica rufa, Tortrix viridana, Curculio glandium, Melolontha melolontha and others have been identified in three subtypes of gray forest soils of natural ecosystems. The long use of these soils in agricultural production led to the considerable decrease in the number and biomass of invertebrates and degradation of the faunal complex in general. The number of families decreased from 6-12 to 1-3. Species of Lumbricidae, Elateridae, Tortricidae and Coccinellidae have been found in arable gray forest soils. The trophic pyramids are stable in the typical virgin gray soil. The relationship between trophic levels of the edaphic fauna in the typical gray forest soil is stronger in comparison with albic and molic gray forest soils.
9

Xue, Huajian, Qiong Wang, Kuncai Mao, Yuanqiu Liu, Xueru Jiang, Philip J. Murray, Lvshui Zhang, and Wei Liu. "Positive Effects of Reforestation on the Diversity and Abundance of Soil Fauna in a Landscape Degraded Red Soil Area in Subtropical China." Forests 13, no. 10 (September 29, 2022): 1596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13101596.

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Serious soil degradation due to human intervention in subtropical China has resulted in a series of ecological problems. Soil fauna is an important part of forest soil ecosystems and plays a vital role in the maintenance of soil quality and can sensitively reflect the soil disturbances caused by human activities. This study assessed the long-term effects of reforestation on the soil fauna community and underground food web. Soil fauna was sampled from plots in a 30-year reforestation positioning test site. Six reforestation models (the pure Schima superba (Ss) forest, pure Liquidambar formosana (Lf) forest, pure Pinus massoniana (Pm) forest, mixed forest of Lf & Ss, mixed forest of Pm & Ss, and the mixed forest of Lf & Pm) were chosen in Taihe County, southern China. The results found that the mixed vegetation restoration of Lf & Pm significantly improved the soil fauna abundance and biomass when compared with other reforestation models in the degraded red soil region. Acari and Collembola accounted for 65.8% and 23.3%, respectively, of the total soil fauna abundance in the region. The mixed forest of Lf & Pm had a positive effect on the abundance of secondary decomposers and micro predators in Acari. Moreover, a significant increase in the abundance of Collembola was found in the Lf & Pm stand type. The stand type with the highest soil faunal population also had a higher soil fauna biomass. Therefore, reforestation in a degraded red soil area had positive effects on the soil fauna community.
10

Joji, Sadiya Umar, Isa Muhammad Usman, Mallam Ibrahim, and Muhammad Muhammad Zakari. "Assessment of Heavy Metals Contamination on Soil Faunal Diversity in Selected Local Governments Areas of Jigawa State, Nigeria." Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 8, no. 4b (January 25, 2023): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/dujopas.v8i4b.9.

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Heavy metal pollution in soils constitutes a highly complex disruption of ecological equilibrium because some are essential trace elements that become toxic when present beyond a certain concentration. The aim of this research is to assess the level of heavy metals contamination on soil faunal diversity in Dutse and Hadejia Jigawa State-Nigeria. The study employed multistage sampling techniques using 20cm2 quadrants thrown at random. A modified Baermann’s funnel method of extraction was used to extract the soil fauna from the soil samples and the specimens were properly examined for identification under compound microscope. The collected soil samples were digested using concentrated HNO3 and HCl. The digested samples were analyzed for heavy metals using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The result revealed that a total of 275 individuals and 13 species, belonging to 5 classes and 4 phyla were identified from both study areas. Ants, termites, millipedes, earthworms and snails (Cornu aspersum) were found in both Dutse and Hadejia. However, Beetles, wax worms, roundworms, burrowing nematodes and snails (Achantina fulica) were found only in samples from Hadejia. There was no significant variation in abundance of most soil fauna (p> 0.05) extracted across the study sites, except for dung beetle, millipedes, earthworm and roundworm. It also suggested a positive relationship between heavy metals and soil fauna density (r≥0.76), that is, the mean density of soil fauna increased proportionally with increasing heavy metal concentration. Further study should be conducted to check whether the soil fauna possibly resisted or adapt to the effect of the heavy metal or the concentration in the soil or inside the organisms is insignificant to have a negative effect on their diversity.
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Також вас можуть зацікавити розширені добірки на тему "Soil fauna" для конкретних типів джерел:
Статті в журналах Дисертації Книги

Дисертації з теми "Soil fauna":

1

Southern, Roger L. "The effects of oil spillages on soil fauna." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357081.

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2

Lindberg, Niklas. "Soil fauna and global change : responses to experimental drought, irrigation, fertilisation and soil warming /." Uppsala : Dept. of Ecology and Environmental Research, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://epsilon.slu.se/s270.pdf.

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3

Zinn, Yuri Lopes. "Textural, mineralogical and structural controls on soil organic carbon retention in the Brazilian Cerrados." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1131381122.

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4

Bird, Stephanie. "The impact of native and exotic plants on soil biodiversity and ecosystem function." Thesis, University of Roehampton, 2016. https://pure.roehampton.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/the-impact-of-native-and-exotic-plants-on-soil-biodiversity-and-ecosystem-function(c9707653-095b-4570-83d9-a444585f5b71).html.

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Soil biodiversity is an often overlooked component of global biodiversity, despite being important for supporting soil ecosystem services, notably decomposition processes. As the UK becomes increasingly urbanised, knowledge is required to help gardeners maximise urban green space resources for biodiversity. It is often assumed that non native vegetation has negative impacts on biodiversity, however, this hypothesis has not been tested for soil biodiversity. The overarching aims were to establish whether the geographical origin of vegetation affected soil faunal assemblages and decomposition rates for a UK soil. Traditional taxonomic methods and a molecular phylogenetic approach were used to characterise the Collembola communities of plots planted with vegetation from three geographical regions: ‘Native’, ‘Near native’ and ‘Exotic’. For comparison, additional soil cores were collected from the amenity grassland sites adjacent to the experimental plots, a lowland heath and a semi-natural woodland. No difference was found either in terms of the taxonomic diversity (1-D & H’) or phylogenetic diversity (PD & MPD) for the Collembola, under the different vegetation treatments, although differences in abundance were observed for some taxa (Acari & Collembola). Decomposition rates were assessed for each plot, using both twig (B. pendula) and leaf (Q. robur) litter bags for the soil mesofauna and bait lamina strips for earthworm activity; none of these parameters showed evidence of a vegetation origin effect on decomposition processes. The greatest differences were found when all sites were considered, with distinct Collembola communities found at each of the habitats; the semi-natural habitats had greater Collembola species diversity than the experimental plots, however, the decomposition rates of the latter were significantly higher. The implications of all results have been discussed with regards to the management of gardens for soil biodiversity, reaching the conclusion that vegetation origin is not of paramount importance.
5

Malmström, Anna. "Effects of wildfire and prescribed burning on soil fauna in boreal coniferous forests /." Uppsala : Department of Ecology and Environmental Research, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/2006111.pdf.

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6

Lindberg, Niklas. "Impact of climate change on soil fauna diversity : effects of experimental drought, irrigation, soil warming and nutrient addition /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2001. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2001/99-3576673-X.pdf.

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7

Nhamo, Nhamo. "The contribution of different fauna communities to improved soil health : a case of Zimbabwean soils under conservation agriculture." Bonn ZEF, 2007. http://www.zef.de/fileadmin/webfiles/downloads/zefce̲cologyd̲evelopment/EDS56N̲hamot̲ext.pdf.

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8

Alves, Paulo Roger Lopes. "Avaliação ecotoxicológica da vinhaça de cana-de-açúcar no solo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11140/tde-30042015-145435/.

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O uso da vinhaça de cana-de-açúcar na fertirrigação de solos agrícolas, além de ser uma boa opção para o descarte do resíduo, gera vantagens econômicas. Embora, há anos, este tipo de efluente seja amplamente aplicado em áreas agrícolas, pouco se sabe sobre seus riscos ecológicos para os organismos do solo. Neste estudo, os efeitos de duas vinhaças provenientes de usinas destilatórias diferentes (VA e VB), e outra derivada de uma destilação em laboratório (VC), sobre a fauna e microbiota do solo, foram avaliados em dois Latossolos (LV e LVA) e em um Solo Artificial Tropical (SAT). Concentrações crescentes das vinhaças foram aplicadas nos três solos para avaliar os efeitos sobre a reprodução e comportamento de espécies da fauna, bem como os efeitos dos efluentes sobre a biomassa microbiana de carbono (BMC), respiração basal (C-CO2), atividade da enzima desidrogenase (DHA), colonização de raízes de cana-de-açúcar por fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA) e estrutura da comunidade bacteriana foram avaliados nos Latossolos LV e LVA. Para a fauna do solo, as vinhaças das usinas destilatórias foram consideradas as mais tóxicas, uma vez que os solos tratados com estes efluentes foram evitados pelas minhocas e colêmbolos, assim como a reprodução de todas as espécies foi reduzida em pelo menos um, entre os solos testados. A vinhaça originada em laboratório não causou fuga nos organismos testados e somente reduziu a reprodução de minhocas e enquitreídeos em SAT e LVA, respectivamente. Os ácaros foram os organismos menos sensíveis à presença das vinhaças. O crescimento (BMC) e metabolismo microbiano (C-CO2) aumentaram na presença de todas as vinhaças, assim como também houve incremento na colonização dos FMA nas raízes, em LVA. Entretanto, a estrutura da comunidade bacteriana foi alterada na presença das vinhaças, ocorrendo, inclusive, reduções da riqueza e diversidade, bem como aumentos da dominância de alguns grupos bacterianos no solo LV. A toxicidade das vinhaças para a fauna foi atribuída, principalmente, ao alto teor de sais, em especial ao potássio. Contudo, sugeriu-se que os aumentos no crescimento e metabolismo microbiano foram decorrentes do aumento da matéria orgânica e de outros nutrientes, adicionados ao solo pelas vinhaças. As alterações na colonização dos FMA nas raízes de cana-de-açúcar e na estrutura da comunicade bacteriana também podem ter sido influenciadas pelo acrécimo de nutrientes no solo, ou foram respostas a elementos ou substâncias poluidores presentes nas vinhaças, como, por exemplo, o excesso de potássio, ou outros aditivos utilizados durante a fermentação. Estes resultados indicam que critérios de proteção para organismos do solo devem ser considerados na derivação das doses de vinhaça de cana-de-açúcar aplicadas em solos tropicais.
The use of vinasse of cane sugar in ferti-igation of agricultural soils is a good option for disposal of this waste and generates economic advantages. This type of waste has been applied to agricultural soil for many years; however, there is little information about its ecotoxicological risks on soil organisms. In this study, the effects of two vinasse from different distillerie plants (VA and VB), and another from a laboratory distillation (VC) on the soil fauna and soil microorganisms were evaluated in two Oxisols (LV and LVA) and in a Tropical Artificial Soil (TAS). Increasing concentrations of these vinasses were applied to the soils to assess the effects on the behavior and reproduction of fauna species, and the effects of the effluents on microbial biomass carbon (MBC), basal respiration (C-CO2), dehydrogenase activity (DHA), colonization by mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and on the structure of the bacterial community were evaluated in the Oxisols. For the soil fauna, the vinasses from commercial distilleries proved to be the most toxic: earthworms and collembolans avoided the soils that were contaminated with these vinasses, and the reproduction of all organisms was reduced in at least one of the soils. The vinasse from the laboratory did not promote any avoidance behavior in the tested organisms and only reduced the reproduction of earthworms and enchytraeids in TAS and LVA soil, respectively. Mites were the least sensitive organisms to the vinasses. Microbial growth (MBC) and metabolism (C-CO2, DHA) increased in the presence of all the vinasses, and there was an increase in the AMF colonization of sugar-cane roots. The structure of the soil bacterial community was significantly modified by all the vinasses, with richness and diversity reductions, and increases of the dominance of bacterial groups. For the soil fauna the toxicity was attributed mainly to the high salt contents, especially to the potassium content in the vinasses. However, the increases in microbial growth and metabolism were attributed to the additional organic carbon and other nutrients added into the soils by the wastes. Changes in colonization by AMF and on the bacterial community may also have been influenced by the nutrient increase; however, these were especially considered microbial responses to the polluting elements/substances in the vinasses, as high potassium content, antibiotics or other substances added during the fermentation process. These results indicate that protection criteria for soil organisms should be considered during the derivation of the application limits of sugarcane vinasse in tropical soils.
9

Batista, Itaynara [UNESP]. "Relação entre macrofauna, agregação e atributos edáficos em sequência de culturas sob plantio direto." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/134005.

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O sistema de plantio direto (PD) é apresentado como técnica agrícola que melhora as propriedades químicas, físicas e biológicas do solo. No entanto, ainda permanecem muitas questões quanto ao efeito do tipo e sequência de culturas sobre as interações planta-organismos-solo. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o efeito de sequências de culturas em sistema de plantio direto na comunidade da macrofauna edáfica e nas características químicas e físicas dos agregados em duas épocas de avaliação, seca e chuvosa em áreas de domínio morfológico de Mata Atlântica. As hipóteses testadas foram: i) a rotação de culturas com espécies de gramíneas/leguminosas (milho/soja) favorece a formação dos agregados de diferentes tipos morfológicos com diferentes características físicas e químicas, devido à atuação de raízes e a seleção alimentar pela macrofauna do solo; ii) a época de avaliação promove mudanças no ambiente para a formação dos agregados em função da cultura recente e da sazonalidade; iii) os agentes biológicos (macrofauna e raízes) alteram a dinâmica da matéria orgânica associada aos agregados do solo, devido à seleção alimentar pela macrofauna e pela atuação de raízes; iv) a rotação de gramíneas/leguminosas promove maior riqueza de indivíduos, uniformidade da macrofauna edáfica, maior abundância de grupos decompositores de matéria orgânica e engenheiros do ecossistema quando comparada com gramíneas ou com leguminosas, devido a melhoria na disponibilidade de recursos alimentares. O experimento foi realizado sob PD em Jaboticabal - SP, os tratamentos analisados foram: monocultura de soja (leguminosa) no verão e crotalária (leguminosa) na entressafra (S-C), monocultura de milho (gramínea) no verão e milho na entressafra (M-M), rotação soja/milho no verão e uma milho na entressafra (S/M-M) e rotação soja/milho no verão e crotalária ...
The no-tillage system (NT) is presented as an agricultural technique that improves the chemical, physical and biological soil properties. However, many questions still remain as to the effect of the type and sequence of cultures on plantsoil- organisms interactions. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of crop sequences in no-tillage system in the community of soil macrofauna and chemical and physical characteristics of aggregates in two evaluation periods, dry and wet in areas of morphological domain of Atlantic Forest. The hypotheses tested were: e) crop rotation with species of grass/legumes (corn/soybean) favors the formation of aggregates of different morphological types with different physical and chemical characteristics, due to the action of roots and food selection by soil macrofauna; ii) the evaluation period promotes changes in the environment for the formation of aggregates due to the recent culture and seasonality; iii) biological agents (macrofauna and roots) alter the dynamics of organic matter associated with soil aggregates due to food selection by macrofauna and action of roots; iv) the rotation of grass/legumes promotes greater richness of individuals, uniformity of soil macrofauna, greater abundance of groups decomposers of organic matter and engineers of the ecosystem when compared to grasses or legumes, due to improvement in the availability of food resources. The experiment was conducted under NT in Jaboticabal - SP, the treatments analyzed were: soybean monoculture (legume) in the summer and sun hemp (legume) in the off season (S-SH), corn monoculture (grass) in the summer and corn in the off season (C-C), rotation soybean/corn in the summer and a corn in the off season (S/C-C) and rotation soybean/corn in the summer and sun hemp in the off-season (S/C-SH). The sampling was carried out in August 2012 and March 2013. ...
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Friberg, Hanna. "Persistence of Plasmodiophora brassicae : influence of non-host plants, soil fauna and organic material /." Uppsala : Dept. of Entomology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2005. http://epsilon.slu.se/2005115.pdf.

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Книги з теми "Soil fauna":

1

Khotʹko, Ė I. Pochvennai͡a︡ fauna Belarusi. Minsk: "Navuka i tėkhnika", 1993.

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Bahuguna, V. K. Tropical forest ecosystem soil fauna in sub-tropics. Dehra Dun, India: International Book Distributors, 1991.

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Eisenbeis, Gerhard. Atlas on the biology of soil arthropods. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1987.

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Krivolut͡skiĭ, D. A. Pochvennai͡a fauna v ėkologicheskom kontrole. Moskva: "Nauka", 1994.

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Setälä, Heikki. Effects of soil fauna on decomposition and nutrient dynamics in coniferous forest soil. Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä, 1990.

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United States. Bureau of Land Management. Jarbidge Resource Area. Watershed activity plan: Hagerman Fauna Site. [Boise, Idaho]: [Bureau of Land Management], Jarbidge Resource Area, Boise District, 1985.

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International, Soil Zoology Colloquium (9th 1985 Moscow R. S. F. S. R. ). Pochvennai͡a︡ fauna i pochvennoe plodorodie: Trudy 9-go Mezhdunarodnogo kollokviuma po pochvennoĭ zoologii, Moskva, avgust 1985 g. Moskva: "Nauka", 1987.

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Leggett, K. Hoanib River catchment study, northwestern Namibia: Fauna. Windhoek: Desert Research Foundation of Namibia, 2001.

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Lagerlöf, Jan. Ecology of soil fauna in arable land: Dynamics and activity of microarthropods and enchytraeids in four cropping systems. Uppsala: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Dept. of Ecology and Environmental Research, 1987.

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Hazra, A. K. Ecology of subterrenean macro and micro arthropod fauna in different degraded and polluted soil environment of West Bengal, India. Calcutta: Zoological Survey of India, 1990.

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Частини книг з теми "Soil fauna":

1

Schaefer, M., and J. Schauermann. "Soil Fauna." In Ecological Studies, 93–102. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b82392_8.

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Savin, Mary C. "Soil: Fauna." In Landscape and Land Capacity, 243–50. Second edition. | Boca Raton: CRC Press, [2020] | Revised edition of: Encyclopedia of natural resources. [2014].: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429445552-33.

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Mukherjee, Swapna. "Soil Fauna." In Current Topics in Soil Science, 193–200. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92669-4_18.

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Paz, Carlota Garcia, Teresa Taboada Rodríguez, Valerie M. Behan‐Pelletier, and Stuart B. Hill. "Fauna." In Encyclopedia of Soil Science, 231–37. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-3995-9_212.

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Szlavecz, Katalin, Csaba Csuzdi, Elisabeth Hornung, and Zoltan Korsós. "Urban soil fauna." In The Routledge Handbook of Urban Ecology, 425–38. Other titles: Handbook of urban ecology Description: Second Edition. | New York: Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429506758-36.

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Tian, G., and M. A. Badejo. "Soil Fauna and Soil Fertility." In Sustaining Soil Fertility in West Africa, 45–67. Madison, WI, USA: Soil Science Society of America and American Society of Agronomy, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaspecpub58.ch3.

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Kumar, N. G., Byrappa Ammagarahalli, and H. R. Gopalkrishna. "Soil Fauna and Sustainable Agriculture." In Innovative Pest Management Approaches for the 21st Century, 211–26. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0794-6_11.

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Zaman, M., K. Kleineidam, L. Bakken, J. Berendt, C. Bracken, K. Butterbach-Bahl, Z. Cai, et al. "Direct and Indirect Effects of Soil Fauna, Fungi and Plants on Greenhouse Gas Fluxes." In Measuring Emission of Agricultural Greenhouse Gases and Developing Mitigation Options using Nuclear and Related Techniques, 151–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55396-8_5.

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AbstractSoils harbour diverse soil faunaand a wide range of soil microorganisms. These fauna and microorganisms directly contribute to soil greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes via their respiratory and metabolic activities and indirectly by changing the physical, chemical and biological properties of soils through bioturbation, fragmentation and redistribution of plant residues, defecation, soil aggregate formation, herbivory, and grazing on microorganisms and fungi. Based on recent results, the methods and results found in relation to fauna as well as from fungi and plants are presented. The approaches are outlined, and the significance of these hitherto ignored fluxes is discussed.
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Menta, Cristina, and Stefania Pinto. "Biodiversity and Ecology of Soil Fauna in Relation to Truffle." In Soil Biology, 319–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31436-5_19.

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Crotty, Felicity. "Assessing soil health by measuring fauna." In Advances in measuring soil health, 3–24. London: Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003048046-1.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Soil fauna":

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Wackett, Adrian, Kyungsoo Yoo, Erin Cameron, Nicolas Jelinski, Nathaniel Looker, Carolina Olid, Hanna Jonsson, Saúl Rodríguez-Martínez, Lee Frelich, and Jonatan Klaminder. "Soil fauna and the fate of soil organic carbon in northern forests." In Goldschmidt2022. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2022.12592.

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Artemieva, Elena A., and Maksim A. Selishchev. "INTEGRATED ECOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF THE PION BALKA NEAR THE VILLAGE OF URUSOVKA, RADISHCHEVSKY DISTRICT, ULYANOVSK REGION." In Treshnikov readings – 2022 Modern geographical global picture and technology of geographic education. Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I. N. Ulyanov, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33065/978-5-907216-88-4-2022-16-17.

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The indicators of soil and fauna of the regional protected area “Pionovaya Balka near the village of Urusovka of Radishevsky District, of Ulyanovsk Region” are considered. Fauna observations were made. Features of soil indicators are revealed.
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Rawat, Monika. "Soil Respiration Variation under the Canopy of Dominant Tree Species across different seasons in Temperate Forest." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0021.

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Soil respiration is defined as the production of carbon dioxide when soil organisms are active. It is an important process in the ecosystem and has direct influence on climate change. Therefore understanding it under different vegetation types is an essential goal in soil science. The major sources which effect the soil respiration rate are plant roots, the rhizosphere, microbes and soil fauna and these sources are control by various factors like temperature, moisture, nutreint content and oxygen in the soil. Soil respiration rate is important for understanding soil biological activity, nutrient cycling, soil microbial biomass, soil organic matter and its decomposition.Therefore soil respiration was studied under the canopy of ten dominant tree species of temperate forest. Our study determined that highest soil respiration was under the canopy of Eunonymous pendulus (EP) i.e. 20.01 μmolm−2 s−1 and across season it was high during the rains.
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Hristozova, Milena. "PRESENCE OF NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL RADIONUCLIDES IN THE SOIL AND TERRESTRIAL FAUNA OF LIVINGSTON ISLAND, ANTARCTICA." In 15th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2015. Stef92 Technology, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2015/b51/s20.090.

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Braduliene, Jolita, and Ieva Sveikauskaite. "Soil Surface Pollution with Heavy Metals Caused by Coal-Fired Boilers." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.010.

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One of the goals for environmental experts is to help avoid, prevent or reduce harmful effects on human health and the environment as a whole. The idea is that the public and the polluting companies would be informed of the effects of pollutants on humans, flora and fauna. To realize this goal are carrying out environmental monitoring, investigations and an-alysed the results. The aim of this work is to evaluate JSC „Nemencines komunalininkas“ boiler-No. 9 resulting air pollution. Company is lo-cated in Vilnius region. The focus is on long-term emissions, e.g. heavy metals (HM), the accumulation on the soil surface to examine boiler-No. 9 impact on the area and assessing the long-term impact on ambient air quality. Soil samples was taken by the principle of the envelope in 11 selected locations 50–300 meters around the boiler area, using non-colour, non-grease, stainless steel tools. Examination of heavy metals in the soil solution, to get the actual data on the amount of HM and their distribution in the soil around the coal-fired boiler territory. Pollutants into the environment, exposure depends on many physical and geochemical processes. Environmental pollutants distribution describes not only the various environmental processes, physical and chemical properties of materials but also the weather conditions. Carryover assessed the prevailing wind direction, as well as simulated through forecast of the largest concentrations of locations. To assess of the boiler No. 9 environmental impact of selected air pollutants was choose in long-term storage medium (soil).
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Platt, Brian F., Daniel I. Hembree, Jon J. Smith, and Ilya V. Buynevich. "NEOICHNOLOGY AT THE SANTA CATALINA CRITICAL ZONE OBSERVATORY: THREE-DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS OF SOIL FAUNA BURROWS FROM THE SONORAN DESERT, ARIZONA, USA." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-287558.

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Wiest, Logan A., William E. Lukens, Steven G. Driese, Jack D. Tubbs, Yohan Letourmy, and Caitlin E. Leslie. "AN ICHNOLOGICAL PROXY FOR THE RESPONSE AND RECOVERY OF SOIL FAUNA ACROSS THE K-PG EXTINCTION INVERVAL: BIG BEND NATIONAL PARK." In 51st Annual GSA South-Central Section Meeting - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017sc-289259.

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Abele, Lilita, and Gints Azens. "THE POTENTIAL OF USING DREDGED SOIL IN PORTS IN LATVIA." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/3.1/s15.48.

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Reconstruction of ports, including dredging, is intensifying all over the world. Dredging is used to dredge ports - a type of excavation that is carried out underwater or partially underwater. Dredging helps to maintain waterways and ports navigable. It is a complex process consisting of stirring, lifting, transporting and disposing of the dredged material. The material obtained by dredging may be disposed of in the vicinity of the port or transported to another location by barge or by pipes in the form of liquid suspension. The disposal of dredged material has a significant impact on the environment. For example, changes in shore morphology during dredging can affect local habitats, cause changes in water currents and waves that can affect navigation, cause changes in water quality, affect benthic fauna, and fish spawning and cause other changes whose longterm effects on the environment are not foreseeable. The problem of the research: most of the dredged material obtained in the process of dredging in the world is included in the re-use of resources, creating land areas, restoring the coast affected by coastal erosion and elsewhere, at the same time, the dredged material obtained in the port of Liepaja is disposed at the sea spoil grounds. As dredged material in the port of Liepaja consists mainly of solid, firm clay, stones and sludge, it could be used as a raw material in various sectors of the economy. For example, during the last port dredging project, a total of 2.7 million m3 of dredged material was exhausted in the port of Liepaja, which was disposed of at the sea spoil grounds and which could be used as a resource in implementing the principles of the circular economy and without harming the environment [10].
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Khusainov, R. V. "CEPHALOBID NEMATODES (NEMATODA: CEPHALOBIDAE) IN AGROCENOSIS OF THE CENTRAL-EUROPEAN PART OF RUSSIA." In V International Scientific Conference CONCEPTUAL AND APPLIED ASPECTS OF INVERTEBRATE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND BIOLOGICAL EDUCATION. Tomsk State University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-931-0-2020-43.

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Investigations of fauna of cephalobid nematodes from field agrocenosis were carried from the territory of the Central-European part of Russia in 2016–2018. In total ten genera of the family Cephalobidae were found. Nematodes of genus Acrolobus (A. emarginatus) has been reported in Russia for the first time. Chiloplacus and Eucephalobus nematodes were presented by the most species diversity. Nematodes of genera Cephalobus and Eucephalobus founded in the samples constantly (93 & 90% samples respectively). The second by frequency of occurence was taken species from genera Acrobeloides and Chiloplacus (86 & 75% samples). Acrobeles spp. and Cervidellus spp. detected in almost half of the soil samplies (57 & 48%). Acrolobus and Heterocephalobus nematodes were most rarely discovered genus (24 & 16%). Acroucrainicus and Stegelletina nematodes founded in agrocenosis singly and only in the territory of the Chernozem Region. Species of genera Acrolobus and Heterocephalobus were registered into the roots generally, while of the rest cephalobid genera were founded both in soil and into damaged or necrotic roots.
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RĂDULESCU, Carmen Valentina, and Sorin BURLACU. "HUMAN PRESSURE ON AIR QUALITY IN BUCHAREST." In Competitiveness of Agro-Food and Environmental Economy. Editura ASE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/cafee/2019/8/05.

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The environment is the natural space that has been transformed by humans over time. It is mostly made up of water, air, vegetation and soil. They are the elements of the natural environment in which man was born. It is already realized that each element plays an extremely important role in the formation of the natural environment. Moreover, all these elements, which make up the natural environment, are intercorrelated: the climate is influenced by relief; climate and relief determine the spread of vegetation and fauna to preserve the natural environment etc. The purpose of our research is to highlight the destructive effects of pollution under the action of the anthropic factor and to present some directions of action for a sustainable development, with an emphasis on the air quality in Bucharest. The paper mainly highlights the effects of human pressure on the air quality in Bucharest. This locality was chosen because it has the highest population density in Romania. Sustainable development involves the relation of the human being with the environment and the responsibilities of the present generation to the next generation. For the Earth to remain a living planet, human interests must be correlated with the laws of nature.

Звіти організацій з теми "Soil fauna":

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Medina, Alvin Leroy. An English-Spanish glossary of terminology used in forestry, range, wildlife, fishery, soils, and botany (Glosario en Ingles-Espanol de terminologia usada en forestales, pastizales, fauna, silvestre, pesqueria, suelos, y botanica). Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rm-gtr-152.

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