Готові списки джерел за темами / Soil erosion Measurement

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Soil erosion Measurement"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022
Оновлено: 29 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Soil erosion Measurement"

1

Loughran, Robert J. "The measurement of soil erosion." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 13, no. 2 (June 1989): 216–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913338901300203.

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Pampalone, Vincenzo, Francesco Giuseppe Carollo, Alessio Nicosia, Vincenzo Palmeri, Costanza Di Stefano, Vincenzo Bagarello, and Vito Ferro. "Measurement of Water Soil Erosion at Sparacia Experimental Area (Southern Italy): A Summary of More than Twenty Years of Scientific Activity." Water 14, no. 12 (June 11, 2022): 1881. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14121881.

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The main purpose of this article is to give a general idea of the scientific activity that was carried out starting from the 2000s on the basis of the data collected in the plots installed at the Sparacia experimental station for soil erosion measurement in Sicily, South Italy. The paper includes a presentation of the experimental site, a description of the methods and procedures for measuring soil erosion processes both available in the literature and applied at the Sparacia station (sediment sampling and water level reading in the storage tanks for total erosion measurements; profilometer, and Structure from Motion technique for rill erosion measurements), and the main results obtained in the monitoring period in the experimental site. The latter concern the effects of plot size and steepness on soil loss, the measurement variability, the frequency analysis of soil loss, the rill erosion characterization, and the comparison between rill and interrill erosion rates. Each of these topics is addressed with multi-temporal analyses performed with increasing size of the available database, which allowed to draw robust conclusions. Soil loss did not vary appreciably with plot length in contrast with the assumption made in the USLE/RUSLE. The variability of the measurements of soil loss, runoff volume, and sediment concentration at the event scale in replicated plots decreased as the mean measured value increased. The normalized event soil loss was distributed according to a two-component distribution. A power relationship between rill volumes and lengths was established. The measurements also confirmed the morphological similarity between the channels of the rills and ephemeral gullies described by a power dimensionless relationship. Rill erodibility of the sampled clay soil varied over time, maintaining relatively low values. Finally, rill erosion was dominant relative to interrill erosion, and a more efficient sediment transport system through the rill network occurred as plot steepness increased.
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Konz, N., V. Prasuhn, and C. Alewell. "On the measurement of alpine soil erosion." CATENA 91 (April 2012): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2011.09.010.

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4

Knox, Jessica E., and Aaron R. Mittelstet. "Application of an Ultrasonic Sensor to Monitor Soil Erosion and Deposition." Transactions of the ASABE 64, no. 3 (2021): 963–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.14236.

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HighlightsA sediment monitoring system was developed to measure erosion and deposition.The system uses an ultrasonic sensor to take high-frequency measurements.Tests in controlled lab settings showed high accuracy.The system measured 43.5 cm of deposition from two storm events.Abstract. Monitoring erosion at high temporal resolution can provide researchers and managers the data necessary to manage erosion. Current erosion monitoring methods tend to be invasive to the area of interest, record low-frequency measurements, have a narrow spatial range of measurement, or are expensive. There is a need for an affordable system capable of monitoring erosion and deposition non-invasively at high temporal resolution. The objectives of this research were to (1) design and construct a non-invasive sediment monitoring system (SMS) using an ultrasonic sensor capable of monitoring erosion and deposition continuously, (2) test the system in the lab and field, and (3) determine the applications and limitations of the system. The SMS was tested in the lab to determine the extent to which the soil type, slope, surface topography, change in distance, and vegetation impacted the measurements of the ultrasonic sensor. Soil type, slope, and surface topography had little effect on the measurement, but distance and the introduction of vegetation impacted the measurement. In the field during high flows, as erosion and deposition occurred, the changes in distance were determined in near real-time, allowing calculation of erosion and deposition quantities. The SMS was deployed to monitor deposition on sandy streambanks in the Nebraska Sandhills and erosion on a streambank and field plot in Lincoln, Nebraska. The SMS proved successful in measuring sediment change during high-flow events but yielded some error: ±1.06 mm in controlled lab settings and ±10.79 mm when subjected to environmental factors such as temperature, relative humidity, and wind. Keywords: Deposition, Erosion, Monitoring, Ultrasonic sensor.
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Deumlich, D., A. Jha, and G. Kirchner. "Comparing measurements, 7Be radiotracer technique and process-based erosion model for estimating short-term soil loss from cultivated land in Northern Germany." Soil and Water Research 12, No. 3 (June 28, 2017): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/124/2016-swr.

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Due to changing climate and irregular weather patterns, event-based soil loss and sediment yield have become important issues in the agricultural areas. Several mathematical models and prediction methodologies have been used to estimate event-based soil loss and soil redistribution based on soil types, land management, hydrology and local topography. The use of short-lived beryllium-7 as a means of estimating event-based soil erosion/deposition rates has become an alternative to the traditional soil loss measurement methods. A new erosion model taking into account the movement of <sup>7</sup>Be in soils has been presented recently. In order to direct the attention to the potential offered by this technique (measurements and mathematical model), a two-year study was performed at the erosion plots in Müncheberg, Germany, and twelve individual erosion rates were estimated. This paper presents a systematic comparison of the non-steady state <sup>7</sup>Be model with the process-based erosion model EROSION-3D and measured data. The results demonstrate a close consistency between the erosion rates estimated by erosion models and the estimates provided by the <sup>7</sup>Be model and can therefore be seen as a promising contribution to validating the use of this radionuclide to document short-term soil redistribution within the plot and deposited sediment at the bottom of the plot.
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Xie, Liquan, Xin Liang, and Tsung-Chow Su. "Measurement of pressure in viewable hole erosion test." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 55, no. 10 (October 2018): 1502–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2017-0292.

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The hole erosion test (HET) is commonly used to study the occurrence of internal soil erosion when water concentrated leaks occur. This erosion is known as “piping” in soil mechanics. Piping erosion is invisible and occurs randomly within the soil body. Therefore, to gain a better understanding of how piping erosion develops, it would be helpful to utilize a viewable HET design in which the dynamics of the piping hole can be observed directly. In this note, a new HET apparatus is presented that can be used to observe the development of piping erosion and to monitor the dynamic pressure condition during the hole erosion process. A preliminary model test was carried out based on the new viewable HET apparatus and “pressure heads” monitoring technique. The results successfully verified the performance of the proposed apparatus and experimental methods during the process of hole erosion, indicating that the hole shape changes during continuous erosion and is not fully symmetrical because of the initial profile of the hole. The internal hole becomes increasingly curved when subjected to continuous piping flow. Test results agree with the numerical simulation reported in 2015 by Riha and Jandora, who considered the effect of the hole entrance shape.
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Clemens, Christoph, Mario Radschun, Annette Jobst, Jörg Himmel, and Olfa Kanoun. "Detection of Density Changes in Soils with Impedance Spectroscopy." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4 (February 9, 2021): 1568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11041568.

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Measurement of soil parameters, such as moisture, density and density change, can provide important information for evaluating the stability of earthwork structures and for structural health monitoring. To ensure the stability of flood protection dikes, erosion at the contact zones of different soil zones must be avoided. In this work we propose the use of impedance spectroscopy to measure changes in density and volume caused by contact erosion. Erosion leads generally to a volume decrease in the contact zones between soils with different grain sizes and, consequently, to cavities in the dike structure. For this purpose, a proctor mould was developed for emulating contact erosion and the realisation of impedance measurements. Experimental investigations show a correlation between volume change of the soils in the proctor mould and impedance value. For a volume change of soil in the range of approximately 1.5% to 5.3%, an impedance change arises in the range of 17.2% to 29.8%. With several investigations we proof, that it is possible to detect material transport by impedance spectroscopy.
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Kimiaghalam, N., S. Clark, H. Ahmari, and J. Hunt. "Wave-current induced erosion of cohesive riverbanks in northern Manitoba, Canada." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 367 (March 3, 2015): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-367-134-2015.

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Abstract. The field of cohesive soil erosion is still not fully understood, in large part due to the many soil parameters that affect cohesive soil erodibility. This study is focused on two channels, 2-Mile and 8-Mile channels in northern Manitoba, Canada, that were built to connect Lake Winnipeg with Playgreen Lake and Playgreen Lake with Kiskikittogisu Lake, respectively. The banks of the channels consist of clay rich soils and alluvial deposits of layered clay, silts and sands. The study of erosion at the sites is further complicated because the flow-induced erosion is combined with the effects of significant wave action due to the large fetch length on the adjacent lakes, particularly Lake Winnipeg that is the seventh largest lake in North America. The study included three main components: field measurements, laboratory experiments and numerical modelling. Field measurements consisted of soil sampling from the banks and bed of the channels, current measurements and water sampling. Grab soil samples were used to measure the essential physical and electrochemical properties of the riverbanks, and standard ASTM Shelby tube samples were used to estimate the critical shear stress and erodibility of the soil samples using an erosion measurement device (EMD). Water samples were taken to estimate the sediment concentration profile and also to monitor changes in sediment concentration along the channels over time. An Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) was used to collect bathymetry and current data, and two water level gauges have been installed to record water levels at the entrance and outlet of the channels. The MIKE 21 NSW model was used to simulate waves using historical winds and measured bathymetry of the channels and lakes. Finally, results from the wave numerical model, laboratory tests and current measurement were used to estimate the effect of each component on erodibility of the cohesive banks.
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Kalkan, Kristina S., Sofija Forkapić, Slobodan B. Marković, Kristina Bikit, Milivoj B. Gavrilov, Radislav Tošić, Dušan Mrđa, and Robert Lakatoš. "The application of137Cs and210Pbexmethods in soil erosion research of Titel loess plateau, Vojvodina, Northern Serbia." Open Geosciences 12, no. 1 (February 11, 2020): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2020-0002.

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AbstractSoil erosion is one of the largest global problems of environmental protection and sustainable development, causing serious land degradation and environmental deterioration. The need for fast and accurate soil rate assessment of erosion and deposition favors the application of alternative methods based on the radionuclide measurement technique contrary to long-term conventional methods. In this paper, we used gamma spectrometry measurements of 137Cs and unsupported 210Pbex in order to quantify the erosion on the Titel Loess Plateau near the Tisa (Tisza) River in the Vojvodina province of Serbia. Along the slope of the study area and in the immediate vicinity eight representative soil depth profiles were taken and the radioactivity content in 1 cm thick soil layers was analyzed. Soil erosion rates were estimated according to the profile distribution model and the diffusion and migration model for undisturbed soil. The net soil erosion rates, estimated by 137Cs method range from −2.3 t ha−1 yr−1 to −2.7 t ha−1 yr−1, related to the used conversion model which is comparable to published results of similar studies of soil erosion in the region. Vertical distribution of natural radionuclides in soil profiles was also discussed and compared with the profile distribution of unsupported 210Pbex measurements. The use of diffusion and migration model to convert the results of 210Pbex activities to soil redistribution rates indicates a slightly higher net erosion of −3.7 t ha−1 yr−1 with 98% of the sediment delivery ratio.
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Rydgren, Bernt. "Soil erosion; its measurement, effects and prediction. Case study from the southern Lesotho lowlands." Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie 40, no. 4 (December 12, 1996): 429–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/zfg/40/1996/429.

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Дисертації з теми "Soil erosion Measurement"

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Michaud, Aubert Raymond. "Soil erodibility indices for Southern Quebec soils derived under variable intensity rainfall simulation." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66178.

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Hoepner, Melinda Ann. "Stability of cohesive sediments from flume and rheometer measurements." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20701.

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Charonko, Cami Marie. "Evaluation of an In Situ Measurement Technique for Streambank Critical Shear Stress and Soil Erodibility." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33401.

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The multiangle submerged jet test device (JTD) provides a simple in situ method of measuring streambank critical shear stress (Ï c) and soil erodibility (kd). Previous research showed streambank kd and Ï c can vary by up to four orders of magnitude at a single site; therefore, it is essential to determine if the large range is due to natural variability in soil properties or errors due to the test method. The study objectives were to evaluate the repeatability of the JTD and determine how it compares to traditional flume studies.

To evaluate the repeatability, a total of 21 jet tests were conducted on two remolded soils, a clay loam and clay, compacted at uniform moisture content to a bulk density of 1.53 g/cm^3 and 1.46 g/cm^3, respectively. To determine the similarity between JTD and a traditional measurement method, JTD Ï c and kd measurements were compared with measurements determined from flume tests.

The JTD kd and Ï c ranged from 1.68-2.81 cm^3/N-s and 0.28-0.79 Pa, respectively, for the clay loam and 1.36-2.69 cm^3/N-s and 0.30-2.72 Pa, respectively, for the clay. The modest variation of kd and Ï c for the remolded soils suggests the JTD is repeatable, indicating the wide range of parameters measured in the field was a result of natural soil variability. The JTD median kd and Ï c, except clay loam kd (clay loam kd = 2.31 cm^3/N-s, Ï c = 0.45 Pa; clay kd = 2.18 cm^3/N-s, Ï c = 1.10 Pa) were significantly different than the flume values (clay loam kd = 2.43 cm^3/N-s, Ï c = 0.23 Pa; clay kd = 4.59 cm^3/N-s, Ï c = 0.16 Pa); however, considering the range of potential errors in both test methods, the findings indicate the multiangle submerged jet test provides reasonable measurement of erosion parameters in a field setting.
Master of Science

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4

Tiessen, Kevin. "Measurement and modelling of tillage and water erosion within intensive potato production systems of northwestern New Brunswick, Canada." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66791.

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In Canada, there is growing acceptance that tillage erosion is a serious form of soil degradation and a threat to the sustainability of agriculture across the country. To date, the potential for tillage erosion within potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production systems has not been investigated. To address this issue, field experiments were conducted in northwestern New Brunswick to generate tillage translocation and erosivity values for primary, secondary and "tertiary" (i.e., field operations conducted during planting, hilling and harvesting) tillage implements commonly used for potato production. The potential for tillage erosion was equally high for the mouldboard plough, chisel plough and offset disc, and larger than that for the vibrashank. Surprisingly, tertiary field operations moved soil further and were more erosive than primary and secondary tillage operations, alone or combined. Overall, the risk of tillage erosion during the production of potatoes is considerably greater than that for other major cropping systems in Canada. Water erosion is also a serious problem within the potato producing regions of Atlantic Canada. However, to date, no previous studies have looked at the impact of both tillage and water erosion on total soil erosion within potato production. Using repeated-measurements of the fallout radionuclide cesium-137 (137Cs), annual soil losses between 1990 and 2005 at a New Brunswick benchmark site were 13.6 Mg ha-1 yr-1, with approximately half of the mapped field having soil losses greater than the tolerable soil loss limit of 6 Mg ha-1 yr-1. A new Directional Tillage Erosion Model (DirTillEM) was used to account for the apparent effect of tillage direction and field boundaries on soil redistribution at this field site. Overall, DirTillEM predictions improved relationships between 137Cs redistribution and estimated soil erosion over those determined by two previously published wate
Au Canada, il est maintenant admis que l'érosion par le travail du sol est une forme importante de dégradation du sol et une menace à la viabilité de l'agriculture dans tout le pays. Jusqu'à présent, le potentiel de l'érosion par le travail du sol dans la culture de la pomme-de-terre (Solanum tuberosum L.) n'a pas été étudié. A cette fin, des expériences au champ ont été menées dans le nord-ouest du Nouveau-Brunswick afin de produire des valeurs pour la translocation du sol ainsi que pour l'érosivité des équipements utilisés au cours des travaux du sol primaire, secondaire et "tertiaire" (c.-à-d., les opérations de plantation, buttage et de récolte) pour la culture de la pomme-de-terre. Le potentiel de l'érosion par le travail du sol était semblablement élevé pour la charrue à versoirs, le chisel et le pulvériseur offset, mais moins élevé pour le vibroculteur. Etonnamment, les opérations tertiaires ont déplacé le sol plus loin et étaient plus érosives que les opérations primaire ou secondaire, seules ou combinées. Dans l'ensemble, le risque de l'érosion par le travail du sol dans la culture de la pomme-de-terre est considérablement plus important que pour les autres systèmes culturaux typiques du Canada. L'érosion par l'eau est également un problème d'envergure dans les régions de production de la pomme-de-terre du Canada atlantique. Cependant, aucune étude antérieure ne s'est penchée sur l'impact combiné de l'érosion par le travail du sol et par l'eau dans cette culture. Des mesures répétées des retombées radioactives de césium-137 (137Cs) ont révélé des pertes de sol annuelles de 13.6 Mg ha-1 an-1 entre 1990 et 2005 à un site de référence au Nouveau-Brunswick, avec environ la moitié des endroits échantillonnés ayant des pertes au delà du seuil tolérable de 6 Mg ha-1 an-1. Un nouveau modèle, le Directional Tillage Erosion Model (DirTillEM
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5

Navarro, Hernan Ricardo. "Flume Measurements of Erosion Characterstics of Soil at Bridge Foundations in Georgia." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7267.

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Shelby tube sediment samples collected from the foundations of ten (10) bridges located in the state of Georgia were tested in the laboratory to find their erosional behavior and the correlation of erosion parameters with sediment properties in order to improve the prediction of scour around bridge foundations. These sites were spatially distributed in order to fall into different major river basins and in different physiographic regions. A description of the Valley and Ridge, Blue Ridge, Piedmont, and Coastal Plain physiographic regions of Georgia is included, and the erosion parameters found from flume measurements are associated with their respective regions. Flume measurements were performed using a rectangular, tilting, recirculating flume located in the hydraulics lab in the School of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Georgia Tech. Velocities up to 1.7 m/s and bed shear stresses up to 21 Pa can be achieved in the flume. Regression analysis was performed on erosion rates as a function of applied shear stress to determine the parameters of the erosion function. The resulting parameters, the critical shear stress and the erosion rate constant, were correlated with soil properties and physiographic regions. Experimental methodology was chosen to approach this problem because the involvement of interparticle forces for fine-grained materials makes it difficult to deal with the erosion phenomenon through other means. Nevertheless, analytical description of the erosion phenomenon was included in order to provide a better understanding of it. Linear, exponential and power regression mathematical models for erosion rate were compared, and the two best-fit regression models of erosion rate as a function of shear stress are proposed to formulate a methodology intended to characterize the behavior of a soil exposed to erosive flow conditions. One of them is a linear model to calculate critical shear stresses and low erosion rates. The second model, which is exponential, has the advantage of describing the erosion rate response for a wider range of shear stress values. It is shown that one of the most relevant predictors for the critical shear stress and erosion rate constant in the regression models is the fine material content present in the sample, which is an indirect indicator of the contribution of interparticle forces to the erosion process. Applying the described methodology, a more case-specific calculation of the erosion at bridge foundations can be performed taking into account the actual material in situ.
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Barchyn, Thomas Edward, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Field-based aeolian sediment transport threshold measurement : sensors, calculation methods, and standards as a strategy for improving inter-study comparison." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Geography, 2010, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/2616.

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Aeolian sediment transport threshold is commonly defined as the minimum wind speed (or shear stress) necessary for wind-driven sediment transport. Threshold is a core parameter in most models of aeolian transport. Recent advances in methodology for field-based measurement of threshold show promise for improving parameterizations; however, investigators have varied in choice of method and sensor. The impacts of modifying measurement system configuration are unknown. To address this, two field tests were performed: (i) comparison of four piezoelectric sediment transport sensors, and (ii) comparison of four calculation methods. Data from both comparisons suggest that threshold measurements are non-negligibly modified by measurement system configuration and are incomparable. A poor understanding of natural sediment transport dynamics suggests that development of calibration methods could be difficult. Development of technical standards was explored to improve commensurability of measurements. Standards could assist future researchers with data syntheses and integration.
xi, 108 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm
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Lawrence, Cameron Eoin. "Measurement of 222Rn Exhalation Rates and 210Pb Deposition Rates in a Tropical Environment." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2006. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16291/1/Cameron_Lawrence_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis provides the measurements of 222Rn exhalation rates, 210Pb deposition rates and excess 210Pb inventories for locations in and around Ranger Uranium Mine and Jabiru located within Kakadu National Park, Australia. Radon-222 is part of the natural 238U series decay chain and the only gas to be found in the series under normal conditions. Part of the natural redistribution of 222Rn in the environment is a portion exhales from the ground and disperses into the atmosphere. Here it decays via a series of short-lived progeny, that attach themselves to aerosol particles, to the long lived isotope 210Pb (T1/2 = 22.3 y). Attached and unattached 210Pb is removed from the atmosphere through wet and dry deposition and deposited on the surface of the earth, the fraction deposited on soils is gradually transported through the soil and can create a depth profile of 210Pb. Here it decays to the stable isotope 206Pb completing the 238U series. Measurements of 222Rn exhalation rates and 210Pb deposition rates were performed over complete seasonal cycles, August 2002 - July 2003 and May 2003 - May 2004 respectively. The area is categorised as wet and dry tropics and it experiences two distinct seasonal patterns, a dry season (May-October) with little or no precipitation events and a wet season (December-March) with almost daily precipitation and monsoonal troughs. November and April are regarded as transitional months. As the natural processes of 222Rn exhalation and 210Pb deposition are heavily influenced by soil moisture and precipitation respectively, seasonal variations in the exhalation and deposition rates were expected. It was observed that 222Rn exhalation rates decreased throughout the wet season when the increase in soil moisture retarded exhalation. Lead-210 deposition peaked throughout the wet season as precipitation is the major scavenging process of this isotope from the atmosphere. Radon-222 is influenced by other parameters such as 226Ra activity concentration and distribution, soil porosity and grain size. With the removal of the influence of soil moisture during the dry season it was possible to examine the effect of these other variables in a more comprehensive manner. This resulted in categorisation of geomorphic landscapes from which the 222Rn exhalation rate to 226Ra activity concentration ratios were similar during the dry season. These results can be extended to estimate dry season 222Rn exhalation rates from tropical locations from a measurement of 226Ra activity concentration. Through modelling the 210Pb budget on local and regional scales it was observed that there is a net loss of 210Pb from the region, the majority of which occurs during the dry season. This has been attributed to the fact that 210Pb attached to aerosols is transported great distance with the prevailing trade winds created by a Hadley Circulation cell predominant during the dry season (winter) months. By including the influence of factors such as water inundation and natural 210Pb redistribution in the soil wet season budgeting of 210Pb on local and regional scales gave very good results.
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Lawrence, Cameron Eoin. "Measurement of 222Rn Exhalation Rates and 210Pb Deposition Rates in a Tropical Environment." Queensland University of Technology, 2006. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16291/.

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This thesis provides the measurements of 222Rn exhalation rates, 210Pb deposition rates and excess 210Pb inventories for locations in and around Ranger Uranium Mine and Jabiru located within Kakadu National Park, Australia. Radon-222 is part of the natural 238U series decay chain and the only gas to be found in the series under normal conditions. Part of the natural redistribution of 222Rn in the environment is a portion exhales from the ground and disperses into the atmosphere. Here it decays via a series of short-lived progeny, that attach themselves to aerosol particles, to the long lived isotope 210Pb (T1/2 = 22.3 y). Attached and unattached 210Pb is removed from the atmosphere through wet and dry deposition and deposited on the surface of the earth, the fraction deposited on soils is gradually transported through the soil and can create a depth profile of 210Pb. Here it decays to the stable isotope 206Pb completing the 238U series. Measurements of 222Rn exhalation rates and 210Pb deposition rates were performed over complete seasonal cycles, August 2002 - July 2003 and May 2003 - May 2004 respectively. The area is categorised as wet and dry tropics and it experiences two distinct seasonal patterns, a dry season (May-October) with little or no precipitation events and a wet season (December-March) with almost daily precipitation and monsoonal troughs. November and April are regarded as transitional months. As the natural processes of 222Rn exhalation and 210Pb deposition are heavily influenced by soil moisture and precipitation respectively, seasonal variations in the exhalation and deposition rates were expected. It was observed that 222Rn exhalation rates decreased throughout the wet season when the increase in soil moisture retarded exhalation. Lead-210 deposition peaked throughout the wet season as precipitation is the major scavenging process of this isotope from the atmosphere. Radon-222 is influenced by other parameters such as 226Ra activity concentration and distribution, soil porosity and grain size. With the removal of the influence of soil moisture during the dry season it was possible to examine the effect of these other variables in a more comprehensive manner. This resulted in categorisation of geomorphic landscapes from which the 222Rn exhalation rate to 226Ra activity concentration ratios were similar during the dry season. These results can be extended to estimate dry season 222Rn exhalation rates from tropical locations from a measurement of 226Ra activity concentration. Through modelling the 210Pb budget on local and regional scales it was observed that there is a net loss of 210Pb from the region, the majority of which occurs during the dry season. This has been attributed to the fact that 210Pb attached to aerosols is transported great distance with the prevailing trade winds created by a Hadley Circulation cell predominant during the dry season (winter) months. By including the influence of factors such as water inundation and natural 210Pb redistribution in the soil wet season budgeting of 210Pb on local and regional scales gave very good results.
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Higgitt, David L. "The use of caesium-137 measurements in erosion investigations." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.279722.

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Sheridan, Gary James Sheridan Gary James. "Predicting hillslope scale erodibility and erosion on disturbed landscapes from laboratory scale measurements /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16294.pdf.

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Книги з теми "Soil erosion Measurement"

1

Hudson, Norman. Field measurement of soil erosion and runoff. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1993.

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Hudson, Norman. Field measurement of soil erosion and runoff. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1993.

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3

R, Foster George, and Renard Kenneth G, eds. Soil erosion: Processes, predicition, measurement, and control. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2002.

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4

Schmid, Thomas. Einfluss des Mikroreliefs auf die Erodierbarkeit des Bodens und Veränderung des erosionswirksamen Niederschlagsspektrums durch die Krone am Beispiel einer Raupenharvesterbefahrung im Steilhang. Freibug im Breisgau: [s.n.], 2003.

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5

Kilewe, A. M. Measurement and prediction of soil erosion in Kiambu and Murangʼa Districts of Kenya. Nairobi: National Environment Secretariat, Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources in cooperation with Environmental Training and Management in Africa Project, United States Agency for International Development, 1985.

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6

Wells, Wade G. Sediment traps for measuring onslope surface sediment movement. Berkeley, Calif: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1987.

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Wells, Wade G. Sediment traps for measuring onslope surface sediment movement. Berkeley, Calif: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1987.

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8

Shui tu liu shi dong tai jian ce fang fa yan jiu. Beijing Shi: Zhongguo shui li shui dian chu ban she, 2011.

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9

Wells, Wade G. Sediment traps for measuring onslope surface sediment movement. Berkeley, Calif: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1987.

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10

Owens, P. N., and A. J. Collins, eds. Soil erosion and sediment redistribution in river catchments: measurement, modelling and management. Wallingford: CABI, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9780851990507.0000.

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Частини книг з теми "Soil erosion Measurement"

1

Singh, Manmohanjit, and SS Kukal. "Measurement of Soil Erosion by Water." In Watershed Hydrology, Management and Modeling, 62–76. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, [2020]: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429430633-4.

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2

Chumbaev, Alexander S., and Anatoly A. Tanasienko. "Measurement and Assessment of Snowmelt Erosion in Western Siberia." In Advances in Understanding Soil Degradation, 181–205. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85682-3_7.

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3

Kraushaar, Sabine. "Erosion Features and Measurement Methods on the Slope." In Soil Erosion and Sediment Flux in Northern Jordan, 33–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31888-2_3.

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4

Iurian, A. R., and G. E. Millward. "Measurement of Be-7 in Environmental Materials." In Assessing Recent Soil Erosion Rates through the Use of Beryllium-7 (Be-7), 29–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10982-0_3.

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5

Porto, Paolo, E. Des Walling, Giovanni Callegari, and Francesco Catona. "Using Fallout Lead-210 Measurements to Estimate Soil Erosion in Three Small Catchments in Southern Italy." In The Interactions Between Sediments and Water, 293–303. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5478-5_30.

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6

Joseph Wu, Chia-Chun. "Water Erosion Measurement Techniques." In Encyclopedia of Soil Science, Second Edition. CRC Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/noe0849338304.ch392.

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"Tillage Erosion: Measurement Techniques." In Encyclopedia of Soil Science, Third Edition, 2333–35. CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/e-ess3-120042771.

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8

"Wind Erosion: Field Measurement." In Encyclopedia of Soil Science, Third Edition, 2618–24. CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/e-ess3-120053864.

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9

"Erosion: Overland Research and Measurement Techniques." In Encyclopedia of Soil Science, Third Edition, 814–18. CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/e-ess3-120053791.

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10

Kumar Mishra, Rabindra, Barun Kumar Behera, Anita Dash, and Bidyut Kumar Patra. "Ecological Restoration of Degraded Habitats of Jajang Iron and Manganese Ore Mines, Keonjhar, Odisha, India." In Environmental Management - Pollution, Habitat, Ecology, and Sustainability. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99584.

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Mining activities in Jajang iron and manganese ore mines located in Keonjhar district of Odisha, India starting from mineral explorations to production and transport are causing environmental damage in many ways, which includes deforestation, loss of topsoil, accelerated soil erosion, migration of wildlife and avifauna, and addition of air pollutants and dust to the atmosphere. In connection to this, the current study was an attempt to regain the original ecological status of the degraded areas of Jajang iron and manganese ore mines caused due to mining by Rungta Mines Limited. To achieve this indigenous plant species for restoration were selected from mining forests and plantations. Species selection from mining forests was made through systematic phytosociological analysis that involved measurement of Importance Value Index (IVI), regeneration values of tree species and their economic uses. On the other hand, species selection from plantations was made based on their growth, productivity, economic uses and adaptation to terrain and soil types. Shrubs and grasses were selected based on their relative index and abundance, respectively. The top 15 tree and 16 grass species as well as all six shrub species were selected from mining forests and plantations were considered for restoration. The findings of the study may also aids in the faster restoration of degraded habitats with initial human facilitation as the soils of degraded areas were similar to that of the mining forest. To speed up the recovery process after-care and monitoring have also been suggested or advised.
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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Soil erosion Measurement"

1

NOVÁK, Petr, Jiří MAŠEK, Josef HŮLA, Lukáš BENEŠ, and Jitka KUMHÁLOVÁ. "SOIL TILLAGE FOCUSING ON THE REDUCTION OF WATER EROSION OF SOIL IN THE CULTIVATION OF SELECTED FIELD CROPS." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.015.

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Water erosion is a problem of global significance. Water erosion destroys or damages a vast expanse of usable agricultural land every year. Conditions in the Czech Republic are characterized by high average slope of the land. It is reported that approximately half of land in the Czech Republic is threatened by water erosion. Water erosion is a natural process that cannot be fully prevented. In case of agricultural land an important option is suitable tillage, which may reduce symptoms of water erosion. The problem of water erosion of agricultural land is growing in the Czech Republic, which is mainly caused by the growth of wide areas of crops (maize). This is due to expansion of biogas power plants using parts of maize silage. The aim of paper is to evaluate and assess the crop stand establishment in conditions of resistance to water erosion. For this purpose, a field experiment was set up. This experiment affects the most widely used methods of maize cultivation in Central Bohemia region. It consists of six variants of crops and technologies stand establishment and control treatment without vegetation. To determine the surface runoff and erosive wash was used measurement by runoff microplots. From processed measurement the positive impact of reduced tillage on soil resistance to water erosion results can be confirmed. The consequence is a reduction of surface runoff and especially erosive washes of soil. Impact of ground cover with organic matter is favorable, even in case of conventional tillage. The results of the experiment are directly applicable to agricultural practices. Results of the experiment were used for the legislative recommendations of appropriate technology (wide-row crops on slopes).
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Petrov, A. I., and E. A. Kirichenko. "SOIL EROSION BY MELTWATER IN THE BASIN OF BASANDAYKA RIVER." In Prirodopol'zovanie i ohrana prirody: Ohrana pamjatnikov prirody, biologicheskogo i landshaftnogo raznoobrazija Tomskogo Priob'ja i drugih regionov Rossii. Izdatel'stvo Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-954-9-2020-49.

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Based on data from annual field measurement from 1988 to 2019 in the Basandaika river basin, estimation of the parameters of the probability distribution curves for annual excess of the module of soil erosion by meltwater, the values of soil erosion. The long-term range of values of the module of soil erosion range from 4,0 to 9,4 m3/ha, the Cv (coefficient of variation) is 0,75–1,0, the Cs/Cv is between 2,0 and 5,0.
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Julio Cesar Neves dos Santos, Eunice Maia de Andrade, Helba Araújo de Queiroz Palácio, José Ribeiro de Araújo Neto, and José Ailton da Silva Filho. "Measurement of soil erosion on different spatial scales with vegetation cover of caatinga in the northeast of Brazil." In 21st Century Watershed Technology: Improving Water Quality and Environment Conference Proceedings, May 27-June 1, 2012, Bari, Italy. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.41450.

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4

Ravet, Fabien, Fabien Briffod, Sanghoon Chin, Etienne Rochat, and Jean-Grégoire Martinez. "Pipeline Geohazard Risk Monitoring With Optical Fiber Distributed Sensors: Experience With Andean and Arctic Routes." In 2018 12th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2018-78047.

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Many pipelines are built in regions affected by harsh environmental conditions where changes in soil texture between winter and summer increase the likelihood of hazards. Pipeline routes also cross mountains that are characterized by steep slopes and unstable soils as in the Andes and along the coastal range of Brazil. In other cases, these pipelines are laid in remote areas with significant seismic activity or exposure to permafrost. Depending on weather conditions and location, visual inspection is difficult or even impossible and therefore remote sensing solutions for pipes offer significant advantages over conventional inspection techniques. Optical fibers can help solve these challenges. Optical fiber based geotechnical and structural monitoring use distributed measurement of strain and temperature thanks to the sensitivity of Brillouin scattering to mechanical and thermal effects. The analysis of scattering combined with a time domain technique allows the measurement of strain and temperature profiles. Temperature measurement is carried out to monitor soil erosion or dune migration through event quantification and spatial location. Direct measurement of strain in the soil also improves the detection of environmental hazards. As an example, the technology can pinpoint the early signs of landslides. In some cases, actual pipe deformation must be monitored such as in the case of an active tectonic fault crossing. Pipe deformation monitoring operation is achieved by the measurement of distributed strain along fiber sensors attached to the structure. This paper comprehensively reviews over 15 years of continuous development of pipeline geohazard risk monitoring with optical fiber distributed sensors from technology qualification and validation to its implementation in real cases as well as its successful continuous operation. Case studies presented include pipeline monitoring in Arctic and Siberian environment as well as in the Andes which illustrate how the technology is used and demonstrate proof of early detection and location of geohazard events such as erosion, landslide, settlement and pipe deformation.
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Ravet, Fabien, Marc Niklès, and Etienne Rochat. "A Decade of Pipeline Geotechnical Monitoring Using Distributed Fiber Optic Monitoring Technology." In ASME 2017 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipg2017-2503.

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Many pipelines are built in regions affected by harsh environmental conditions where changes in soil texture between winter and summer increase the likelihood of risks. Pipeline routes also cross the mountains that are characterized by steep slopes and unstable soils as in the Andes and along the coastal range of Brazil. In other cases, these pipelines are laid in remote areas with significant seismic activity or exposure to permafrost. Depending on weather conditions and location, visual inspection is difficult or even impossible and therefore remote sensing solutions for pipes offer significant advantages over conventional inspection techniques. Optical fibers can help solve these challenges. Optical fiber based geotechnical and structural monitoring use distributed measurement of strain and temperature thanks to the sensitivity of Brillouin scattering to mechanical and thermal stresses. The analysis of scattering combined with a time domain technique allows the measurement of strain and temperature profiles. Temperature measurement is carried out to control soil erosion or dune migration through event quantification and spatial location. Direct measurement of strain in the soil also improves the detection of environmental hazards. As an example the technology can pinpoint the early signs of landslide. In some cases, pipe actual deformation must be monitored such as in case of active tectonic fault crossing. Pipe deformation monitoring operation is achieved by the measurement of distributed strain along fiber sensors attached to the structure. This paper comprehensively reviews over 10 years of continuous development from technology qualification and validation to its implementation in real cases as well as its successful continuous operation. Case studies present pipeline monitoring in Arctic and Siberian environment as well as in the Andes. They illustrate how the technology is used and demonstrate proof of early detection and location of events such as erosion, landslide, subsidence and pipe deformation.
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Ravet, Fabien, Carlos Borda, Etienne Rochat, and Marc Niklès. "Geohazard Prevention and Pipeline Deformation Monitoring Using Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing." In ASME 2013 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipg2013-1908.

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The present work introduces the technology background at the origin of FOPIMS (Fiber Optic Pipeline Integrity Monitoring Systems) with an emphasis on geotechnical monitoring. It shows how temperature sensing can be implemented to control soil erosion or dune migration through event localization and spatial quantification. Arctic pipeline monitoring project illustrates the application of soil erosion detection. Direct measurement of strain in soil also enhances environmental threat detection. Combined with temperature sensing, strain sensing composes the geotechnical monitoring system. Transandean pipeline monitoring examples are presented where the DITEST AIM was implemented for geohazard prevention. These study cases concern new pipeline installation as well as retrofit of existing lines. The technique successfully evidenced early events and allowed preventive measures to be taken. In some applications actual pipeline deformation need to be monitored. Such operation is achieved by measuring distributed strain along sensing cables attached to the structure. We show how such measurements complement the geotechnical measurements. We also describe a real implementation in seismic active area. As a whole, the work focuses on the technique principles, the installation and how the system is being implemented for pipeline preventive maintenance. We intend to present a comprehensive set of design guidelines based on real results and lessons learned from the various projects in what concerns geohazard detection and pipeline deformation monitoring.
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Xinjing, Huang, Chen Qian, Zhao Jianyuan, Yan Yutian, Li Jian, Zhang Yu, and Feng Hao. "Study on Pipeline Spanning Detection Using Magnetic Anisotropy." In 2021 48th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/qnde2021-74974.

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Abstract Subsea pipelines often lose foundation soil support due to ocean current erosion and form spanning. Spanning greatly increases the risk of pipeline fracture. When a subsea pipeline has spanning, it is often accompanied by characteristic changes in its pipe wall stress, pipeline deflection, and pitch angle. In turn, we can analyze the three parameters to get the spanning state of the pipeline. Wherein, around using stress to detect pipeline spanning state, this paper carries out two parts of research work. (1) We conducted a stress analysis on the free-span pipeline. The results show that the stress distribution has a strong distinct relationship with the pipeline spanning state. (2) We proposed and developed a steel plate stress detection scheme based on the induced voltage method. The results show that the steel plate stress has a good linear relationship with the induced voltage of the receiving coil on its surface, and the sensitivity can reach 1mv/MPa. Therefore, the AC magnetic anisotropy measurement of stress can reliably identify the stress distribution of the spanning pipeline.
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Tran, Tri V., Stacey E. Tucker-Kulesza, and Michelle Bernhardt. "Soil Surface Roughness and Turbidity Measurements in Erosion Testing." In IFCEE 2018. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784481585.049.

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Rodrigo-Comino, Jesús, Enric Terol, and Artemi Cerdà. "IMPROVED STOCK UNEARTHING METHOD (ISUM) ALLOW TO ASSESS SOIL EROSION PROCESSES IN GRAFTED PLANTS USING IN SITU TOPOGRAPHICAL MEASUREMENTS." In 3rd Congress in Geomatics Engineering. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cigeo2021.2021.13256.

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Policymakers, stakeholders and rural inhabitants must be aware of the relevance of soil erosion as an irreversible landdegradation process. This is key to achieve the land degradation neutrality challenge and the sustainability of humankindand natural ecosystems. Agricultural areas are being affected by soil erosion threatening soil quality and, subsequently,food security. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new techniques and methods visually friendly and easy to be accessedto survey and assess the soil erosion concerns. ISUM (Improve Stock Unearthing Method) is a well-contrasted procedureto estimate and map soil mobilisation and erosion rates. To achieve this goal, using the plant graft union as a biomarkerconducting in situ topographical measurements along perpendicular transects allow us to i) explain key factors related tothe activation of soil erosion processes such as tillage, the age of plantation, parent material or hillslope positions; ii)complete other well-contrasted methods such as RUSLE (Revised Soil Loss Equation), IC (Index of connectivity) orStructure from Motion; and, iii) identify hotspot areas affected by soil depletion, accumulation or mobilisation. In thisconference, we will show how we developed a new improvement of this method in different crops (vineyards, citrus,persimmons or almonds), under different environmental conditions (parent material, vine ages, soil management, or slopeangle) with diverse geomatic procedures (interpolation methods and geostatistical analysis, topographical measurementsand models) using GIS techniques.
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Menshov, O., O. Kruglov, P. Nazarok, O. Andreeva, and B. Kruhlov. "Soil erosion magnetic measurements as a tool for landslides studies." In Second EAGE Workshop on Assessment of Landslide Hazards and impact on communities. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202055019.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Soil erosion Measurement"

1

Bradford, Joe, Itzhak Shainberg, and Lloyd Norton. Effect of Soil Properties and Water Quality on Concentrated Flow Erosion (Rills, Ephermal Gullies and Pipes). United States Department of Agriculture, November 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7613040.bard.

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Concentrated flow erosion in rills, pipes, ephermal gullies, and gullies is a major contributor of downstream sedimentation. When rill or gullies form in a landscape, a 3- to 5-fold increase in soil loss commonly occurs. The balance between the erosive power of the flow and the erosion resistance of the bed material determines the rate of concentrated flow erosion. The resistance of the bed material to detachment depends primarily on the magnitude of the interparticle forces or cohesion holding the particles and aggregates together. The effect of soil properties on bed material resistance and concentrated flow erosion was evaluated both in the laboratory and field. Both rill erodibility and critical hydraulic shear were greater when measured in 9.0 m long rills under field conditions compared with laboratory mini-flumes. A greater hydraulic shear was required to initiate erosion in the field compared to the mini-flume because of the greater aggregate and clod size and stability. Once erosion was initiated, however, the rate of erosion as a function of hydraulic shear was greater under field conditions because of the greater potential for slaking upon wetting and the greater soil surface area exposed to hydraulic shear. Erosion tests under controlled laboratory conditions with the mini-flume allowed individual soil variables to be studied. Attempts to relate rill erosion to a group soil properties had limited success. When individual soil properties were isolated and studied separately or grouped separately, some trends were identified. For example, the effect of organic carbon on rill erodibility was high in kaolinitic soils, low in smectitic soils, and intermediate in the soils dominated by illite. Slow prewetting and aging increased the cohesion forces between soil particles and decreased rill erodibility. Quick prewetting increased aggregate slaking and increased erodibility. The magnitude of the effect of aging depended upon soil type. The effect of clay mineralogy was evaluated on sand/clay mixtures with montmorillonite (M), Illite (I), and kaolinite (K) clays. Montmorillonite/sand mixtures were much less erodible than either illite or kaolonite sand mixtures. Na-I and Na-K sand mixtures were more erodible than Ca-I and Ca-K due to increased strength from ionic bonding and suppression of repulsive charges by Ca. Na-M was less erodiblethan Ca-M due to increased surface resulting from the accessibility of internal surfaces due to Na saturation. Erodibility decreased when salt concentration was high enough to cause flocculation. This occurred between 0.001 mole L-1 and 0.01 mole L-1. Measuring rill erodibility in mini-flumes enables the measurement of cohesive forces between particles and enhances our ability to learn more about cohesive forces resisting soil detachment under concentrated water flow.
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López-Soto, Jamie F., and Bryant A. Robbins. Laboratory measurements of the erodibility of gravelly soils. U.S. Army E ngineer Research and Development Center, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42443.

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The critical shear stress and erodibility of soil are fundamental parameters for modeling embankment breaching. Unfortunately, very few studies have examined the erosion characteristics of soils consisting predominantly of particles larger than sand. This report presents results of an experimental study in which the erosion characteristics of gravelly soils were measured. A flume apparatus was developed in which 0.45-m-square samples were extruded into confined flow. A mechanical laser system allowed the measurement of scour in real time, resulting in a continuous and automated erosion test. The critical shear stress of a uniform gravel was found to match the expected values based on the Shields diagram, while tests that were composed largely of gravel but contained other soils, such as sand, silt, and clay, varied significantly with the critical shear stress and erodibility, depending highly on the characteristics of the finer soils.
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3

Robbins, Bryant, and Maureen Corcoran. Calculation of levee-breach widening rates. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44163.

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Inundation modeling is often conducted for levee systems to understand current flood risks. The extent of inundation caused by a breach in the levee is highly influenced by the widening rate of the levee breach. This study presents an approach for calculating levee-breach widening rates based on average flow velocity through the breach, embankment height, and erosion characteristics of the soil. Estimates of soil erodibility are derived through an analysis of the measurements of soil erodibility presented in the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 915 database. Levee-breach widening rate curves are calculated based on these erosion properties to demonstrate the approach, and default curves are presented for typical levees built from coarse-grained soils and fine-grained soils. While the most accurate approach for a site is to calculate site-specific widening rate curves based on estimates of local soil erodibility, the default curves presented provide a suitable starting point for initial inundation modeling.
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4

Ziegler, Nancy, Nicholas Webb, Adrian Chappell, and Sandra LeGrand. Scale invariance of albedo-based wind friction velocity. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40499.

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Obtaining reliable estimates of aerodynamic roughness is necessary to interpret and accurately predict aeolian sediment transport dynamics. However, inherent uncertainties in field measurements and models of surface aerodynamic properties continue to undermine aeolian research, monitoring, and dust modeling. A new relation between aerodynamic shelter and land surface shadow has been established at the wind tunnel scale, enabling the potential for estimates of wind erosion and dust emission to be obtained across scales from albedo data. Here, we compare estimates of wind friction velocity (u*) derived from traditional methods (wind speed profiles) with those derived from the albedo model at two separate scales using bare soil patch (via net radiometers) and landscape (via MODIS 500 m) datasets. Results show that profile-derived estimates of u* are highly variable in anisotropic surface roughness due to changes in wind direction and fetch. Wind speed profiles poorly estimate soil surface (bed) wind friction velocities necessary for aeolian sediment transport research and modeling. Albedo-based estimates of u* at both scales have small variability because the estimate is integrated over a defined, fixed area and resolves the partition of wind momentum be-tween roughness elements and the soil surface. We demonstrate that the wind tunnel-based calibration of albedo for predicting wind friction velocities at the soil surface (us*) is applicable across scales. The albedo-based approach enables consistent and reliable drag partition correction across scales for model and field estimates of us* necessary for wind erosion and dust emission modeling.
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5

Berkowitz, Jacob, Christine VanZomeren, and Nicole Fresard. Rapid formation of iron sulfides alters soil morphology and chemistry following simulated marsh restoration. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42155.

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Many marshes show signs of degradation due to fragmentation, lack of sediment inputs, and erosion which may be exacerbated by sea level rise and increasing storm frequency/intensity. As a result, resource managers seek to restore marshes via introduction of sediment to increase elevation and stabilize the marsh platform. Recent field observations suggest the rapid formation of iron sulfide (FeS) materials following restoration in several marshes. To investigate, a laboratory microcosm study evaluated the formation of FeS following simulated restoration activities under continually inundated, simulated drought, and simulated tidal conditions. Results indicate that FeS horizon development initiated within 16 days, expanding to encompass > 30% of the soil profile after 120 days under continuously inundated and simulated tidal conditions. Continuously inundated conditions supported higher FeS content compared to other treatments. Dissolved and total Fe and S measurements suggest the movement and diffusion of chemical constituents from native marsh soil upwards into the overlying sediments, driving FeS precipitation. The study highlights the need to consider biogeochemical factors resulting in FeS formation during salt marsh restoration activities. Additional field research is required to link laboratory studies, which may represent a worst-case scenario, with in-situ conditions.
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Miller, Julianne, Vicken Etyemezian, Rose Shillito, Mary Cablk, Lynn Fenstermaker, and David Shafer. Monitoring Soil Erosion of a Burn Site in the Central Basin and Range Ecoregion: Final Report on Measurements at the Gleason Fire Site, Nevada. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1104497.

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