Готові списки джерел за темами / Soil and Water Engineering

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Soil and Water Engineering"

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Опубліковано: 8 вересня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Soil and Water Engineering"

1

Hamad, Asal Mahmud, and Mahmood Gazey Jassam. "A Comparative Study for the Effect of Some Petroleum Products on the Engineering Properties of Gypseous Soils." Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences 29, no. 3 (October 15, 2022): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.29.3.7.

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Gypseous soils are considered problematic soils because the soil cavities happen during receiving the water or this type of soil and solving gypsum materials and contract in a soil volume. In this study, three types of gypseous soils are used; soil1, soil2, and soil3 with gypsum content (28.71%, 43.6%, and 54.88%) respectively, petroleum products (engine oil, fuel oil, and kerosene) are added to the soils with percentages (3%, 6%, 9%, and 12%) for each product. The result showed that specific gravity, liquid limit, optimum moisture content (O.M.C), and maximum dry density decreased with an increased percentage of product for all types of products. The direct shear (dry and soaked case) results show that increasing the (angle of internal friction and the soil cohesion) for soil1, soil2, and soil3 by adding engine oil and fuel oil. Still, when the soils were treated with kerosene, the angle of internal friction increased while cohesion decreased. The collapse potential for the treated soils increases with increasing gypsum content for all petroleum products. The collapse potential (CP) for (soil1) decreased by 47% when using 6% of the engine oil, 48.8% when using 9% of the fuel oil, and 55% when using 9% of the kerosene. The same percentage of the petroleum products (engine oil, fuel oil, and kerosene) decrease the collapse potential for (soil2), (47%, 46%, and 50%) respectively and decrease the collapse potential for (soil 3), (51%, 47.7%, and 52%) respectively. In the unconfined compressive test applied on (soil1) using maximum density, the results show that the soil strength increased (26% and 10%) when using 6% and engine oil and fuel oil, respectively, while the soil strength decreased by 29% when treated with 9% of kerosene.
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2

Leonard, R. A. "Soil and Water Conservation Engineering." Journal of Environmental Quality 23, no. 2 (March 1994): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq1994.00472425002300020032x.

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3

BORAH, DEVA K. "Soil and Water Conservation Engineering." Soil Science 156, no. 3 (September 1993): 209–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00010694-199309000-00013.

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4

Hadas, A. "Soil and water conservation engineering." Soil and Tillage Research 32, no. 1 (October 1994): 88–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-1987(94)90036-1.

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5

Fredlund, Delwyn G. "The 1999 R.M. Hardy Lecture: The implementation of unsaturated soil mechanics into geotechnical engineering." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 37, no. 5 (October 1, 2000): 963–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t00-026.

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The implementation of unsaturated soil mechanics into geotechnical engineering practice requires that there be a paradigm shift from classical soil mechanics methodology. The primary drawback to implementation has been the excessive costs required to experimentally measure unsaturated soil properties. The use of the soil-water characteristic curve has been shown to be the key to the implementation of unsaturated soil mechanics. Numerous techniques have been proposed and studied for the assessment of the soil-water characteristic curves. These techniques range from direct laboratory measurement to indirect estimation from grain-size curves and knowledge-based database systems. The soil-water characteristic curve can then be used for the estimation of unsaturated soil property functions. Theoretically based techniques have been proposed for the estimation of soil property functions such as (i) coefficient of permeability, (ii) water storage modulus, and (iii) shear strength. Gradually these estimations are producing acceptable procedures for geotechnical engineering practices for unsaturated soils. The moisture flux ground surface boundary condition is likewise becoming a part of the solution of most problems involving unsaturated soils. The implementation process for unsaturated soils will still require years of collaboration between researchers and practicing geotechnical engineers.Key words: unsaturated soil mechanics, soil suction, unsaturated soil property functions, negative pore-water pressure, matric suction, soil-water characteristic curve.
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6

Han, Zhen, Jiangwen Li, Pengfei Gao, Bangwei Huang, Jiupai Ni, and Chaofu Wei. "Determining the Shear Strength and Permeability of Soils for Engineering of New Paddy Field Construction in a Hilly Mountainous Region of Southwestern China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 5 (February 28, 2020): 1555. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051555.

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As a constructed wetland ecosystem, paddy field plays an irreplaceable role in flood storage and detention, groundwater replenishment, environmental protection, and ecological balance maintenance. New paddy field construction can give full play to the production and ecological functions of paddy field and can adjust the development structure of the agricultural industry effectively. The soil properties of shear strength and permeability, which provide a theoretical basis for engineering design, construction, and post-operation, are important indexes in the site selection of new paddy field. The shear strength and permeability properties of soils from different land use types (vegetable field, gentle slope dryland, corn field, grapery, and abandoned dryland) for engineering new paddy field construction were investigated in this study. The results showed that the soil water content had a significant effect on the soil shear strength, internal friction angle, and cohesion. The total pressure required for soil destruction decreased with increasing water content under the same vertical pressure, resulting in easier destruction of soils. The internal friction angle decreased with increasing soil water content, and the soil cohesion first increased and then decreased with increasing soil water content. Considering that paddy fields were flooded for a long time, the soil strength properties had certain water sensitivity. Effective measures must be taken to reduce the change in soil water content, so as to ensure the stability of the embankment foundation, roadside ditch foundation, and cutting slope. In addition, the influence of changing soil water content on the strength properties of paddy soils should be fully considered in engineering design and construction, and the soil bulk density at the plough pan should reach at least 1.5 g cm−3 or more to ensure better water retention and the anti-seepage function of paddy field. The study can provide construction technology for engineering new paddy field construction in a hilly mountainous region of southwestern China.
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Liu, Hao, Zheng Huang, Wen Qi, Han Shi, and Lijuan Yao. "Study on the Engineering Properties of Waste Soil-Based Flowable Fill." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2468, no. 1 (April 1, 2023): 012092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2468/1/012092.

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Abstract Flowable fill is developed mainly for the difficult backfilling and compaction such as side trenches of foundation pits and retaining wall backfills. It can make use of waste soils. It has good flowability before curing, and thus can be compacted by its own weight. It also has high strength after curing. In this study, by using on-site waste soils as the raw material soil, 25 groups of flowable fill experiments were carried out. The relationship between flowability, strength and mix ratio of flowable fills was analyzed. The results show that the flowability of flowable fill increases with the increase of water-soil ratio and decreases with the increase of cement-soil ratio. It shows that the water-soil ratio is the main control index of its flowability. The strength of flowable fill increases with the increase of cement-soil ratio, and decreases with the increase of water-soil ratio. The water-cement ratio can be used as the main control index for the strength of the material within the tested range.
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Dong, Yi, Changfu Wei, and Ning Lu. "Identifying Soil Adsorptive Water by Soil Water Density." Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 146, no. 7 (July 2020): 02820001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)gt.1943-5606.0002289.

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Fleming, P. M. "Elementary soil and water engineering (3rd edition)." Agricultural Water Management 12, no. 3 (April 1987): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-3774(87)90017-5.

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10

Alzaidy, Mohammed Nawaf Jirjees. "A Theoretical Study of Some Unsaturated Properties for Different Soils." Journal of University of Babylon for Engineering Sciences 26, no. 9 (November 1, 2018): 149–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.29196/jubes.v26i9.1720.

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Soil–water characteristic curves (SWCC) can be defined as the relationship between the water content and suction of an unsaturated soil. It considered a basic relation to explanation of the engineering behaviour of unsaturated soil such as hydraulic conductivity and shear strength, So the study of SWCC is useful to reduce the time and cost of unsaturated soil testing for different engineering purposes. An approach model has been used to predict the SWCC for different soils. The influence of the soils on SWCC shape, the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity and shear strength parameters have been studied in this paper using mathematical models. The results of SWCC show that suction of clay soil is bigger than sandy soil, while the clayey silt soils exhibit an intermediate behaviour at same water content. The values of unsaturated shear strength are increasing while the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity is decreasing with increasing soil suction. This behaviour of the last two parameters with soil suction should be taken in consideration for engineering purposes.
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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Soil and Water Engineering"

1

Ekanayake, Jagath C. "Soil water movement through swelling soils." Lincoln University, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1761.

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The present work is a contribution to description and understanding of the distribution and movement of water in swelling soils. In order to investigate the moisture distribution in swelling soils a detailed knowledge of volume change properties, flow characteristics and total potential of water in the soil is essential. Therefore, a possible volume change mechanism is first described by dividing the swelling soils into four categories and volume change of a swelling soil is measured under different overburden pressures. The measured and calculated (from volume change data) overburden potential components are used to check the validity of the derivation of a load factor, ∝. Moisture diffusivity in swelling soil under different overburden pressures is measured using Gardner's (1956) outflow method. Behaviour of equilibrium moisture profiles in swelling soils is theoretically explained, solving the differential equation by considering the physical variation of individual soil properties with moisture content and overburden pressure. Using the measured volume change data and moisture potentials under various overburden pressures, the behaviour of possible moisture profiles are described at equilibrium and under steady vertical flows in swelling soils. It is shown that high overburden pressures lead to soil water behaviour quite different from any previously reported.
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2

Dalton, James A. "Contribution of upward soil water flux to crop water requirements." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2006. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/344938/.

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3

Guo, Yuan. "Multiscale and Multiphysics Modeling of Soil Water Systems." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1527760301074766.

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4

Ashraf, Muhammad. "Dynamics of soil water under non-isothermal conditions." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336299.

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5

Simas, Maria Joao Correia de 1966. "Soil water determination by natural gamma radiation attenuation." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278348.

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The purpose of the study was to determine the soil moisture content by measuring the naturally occurring gamma radiation in the soil. A calibration procedure was developed both in laboratory and in the field. In the laboratory, two different sample sizes were used: three-inch diameter, and 18-inch diameter columns, both 15 cm long. Small size soil samples (three-inch diameter) cannot be used to predict the calibration curve in the field, whereas the larger soil samples (18-inch diameter) calibration may be used to predict the field calibration curve. The prediction limits for the calibration curve done in the field are of ±5%, which is an unacceptable level of precision. It was also observed that the distance between the detector and the soil should always be kept constant, and that the top 15 cm of the soil contribute to approximately 95% of the radiation measured at the soil surface.
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6

Ketteringham, Wayne Stuart. "Transient flow of water in saturated-unsaturated soil profiles." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8296.

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Includes bibliography.
In this thesis tile transient flow of water, during tile drainage process in saturated-unsaturated soil profiles, was studied. Drainage experiments were performed on two different soil profiles. The first experiment undertaken was tile drainage of a vertical column of sand. This experiment was performed on two sands of differing grain size and grading. The second experiment undertaken was the drainage towards a well from a wedge of sand (cake slice) using yet a different coarse sand.
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Pan, Luan. "Means to optimize soil water management through monitoring spatial and temporal variability of geophysical soil attributes." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=117181.

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To optimize irrigation water use, temporal and spatial sensor-based data related to soil water content were integrated. Nine locations in a 37-ha agricultural field were selected using field elevation and soil ECa maps for monitoring the soil matric potential and temperature at four depths (18, 48, 79 and 109 cm) with a wireless sensor network. Using a linear regression approach, a series of time-specific equations were developed to quantify both the temporal and spatial soil water stress status through a Water Stress Index (WSI). The WSI was estimated using soil matric potential measurements along with supplemental soil characteristics, such as site-specific soil matric potential corresponding to 25% soil water depletion that was derived based on soil physical properties. Further analysis was performed to quantify the percentage of the field that undergoes a potential shortage in water supply. These results could be used to optimize irrigation scheduling and to assess the potential for variable-rate irrigation. The second study investigated the way in which the WSI prediction quality is affected by the number and placement of temporal soil water content monitoring sites. The concept, potentially, could be used to investigate a variety of site-specific crop management strategies. It was developed to assess WSI predictability in context that the modeled relationship between WSI and spatial field data (ECa and elevation) is not perfect at any given point of time. The established regression model between ECa, field topography maps and WSI from the first study was applied to construct WSI maps representing a specific point in time in six experimental fields with different crop growing conditions located in Nebraska, USA. Artificial regression error models with different degrees of spatial structure were superimposed onto these maps to simulate actual WSI distribution across the fields. Both random and optimized monitoring site placement strategies were evaluated in terms of the ability to predict the simulated WSI maps. The results showed that it was necessary to optimize the selection when the number of monitoring sites was low. However, a random placement method was equally efficient when the number of monitoring sites was high. Careful selection of representative field areas representing significant field areas with extreme conditions should allow only 2 or 3 monitoring sites to produce results with relatively low WSI prediction error.Through the process of water management optimization, it was noted that the ability to detect site-specific water storage capacity is an important task. Since it is related to the change of soil physical properties with depth, a third study was conducted to develop a dynamic scanning of soil profile tools using a galvanic contact resistivity approach. Transmitting and receiving electrodes were configured in an equatorial dipole array. An automated scanner system has been developed and tested in the agricultural field environment with different soil profiles. While operating in the field, the distance between the current injecting and measuring pairs of rolling electrodes was varied continuously from 40 to 190 cm. The resulting scans were evaluated against 1-m deep soil profiles and that of an electromagnetic induction instrument at various depths, up to 3 m.
Pour atteindre l'utilisation optimale de l'eau d'irrigation, des données spatio-temporelles provenant de sondes et reliées au contenu en eau du sol ont été intégrées. Ainsi, dans un champ agricole de 37 hectares, neuf sites ont été sélectionnés en utilisant les cartes d'élévation et de CEa du sol afin d'assurer le suivi du potentiel matriciel et de la température du sol à quatre profondeurs (18, 48, 79 et 109 cm) avec un réseau de capteurs sans fil. Utilisant une approche de régression linéaire, une série d'équations spécifiques au temps a été développée pour quantifier l'état de stress hydrique du sol dans le temps et l'espace à l'aide d'un Indice de Stress Hydrique (ISH). L'ISH a été estimé en utilisant des mesures de potentiel matriciel du sol combiné à ses caractéristiques supplémentaires, telles que celles calculées à partir de ses propriétés physiques et du potentiel matriciel spécifique au site correspondant à un appauvrissement de 25% des eaux du sol. Une analyse additionnelle a permis de quantifier la fraction du site ayant un potentiel d'approvisionnement en eau déficitaire. Ces résultats pourraient être utilisés afin d'optimiser la planification de l'irrigation et d'évaluer le potentiel d'irrigation à débits variables.La seconde étude a permis un examen plus approfondi de la qualité de prédiction de l'ISH influencé par le nombre et l'emplacement de sites chronologiques de surveillance du contenu hydrique du sol. Le concept pouvant potentiellement être utilisé pour étudier une diversité de stratégies de gestion de cultures a été développé afin d'évaluer la prévisibilité de l'ISH en tenant compte de la relation imparfaite entre cet indice et les données spatiales à tout temps donné. Le modèle de régression établi entre la CEa, les cartes topographiques du champ et l'ISH de la première étude a été appliqué afin de construire des cartes d'ISH représentant un moment spécifique pour six champs expérimentaux sous différentes conditions de croissance au Nebraska, USA. Des modèles artificiels d'erreur de régression avec différents degrés de structure spatiale ont été superposés sur ces cartes pour simuler la distribution réelle de l'ISH à travers ces champs. Autant de stratégies aléatoires et optimisées de placement de sites de surveillance ont été évaluées en termes de leur habilité à prédire les cartes d'ISH simulées. Les résultats démontrent qu'il était nécessaire d'optimiser la sélection de sites de surveillance lorsque leur nombre était bas. Cependant, la méthode de placement aléatoire était tout aussi efficace lorsque le nombre de sites était élevé. Une sélection rigoureuse des régions du champ permettant de représenter ses aires significatives avec des conditions extrêmes devrait permettre la production de résultats ayant une erreur de prédiction de l'ISH très basse à partir de seulement deux ou trois sites de surveillance.À travers le processus d'optimisation de la gestion de l'eau, il a été noté que l'aptitude à détecter la capacité d'emmagasinement d'eau spécifique au site est une tâche importante. Puisqu'elle est liée au changement de propriétés physiques du sol avec la profondeur, la troisième étude a été menée afin de développer un outil de balayage (scan) dynamique des profils du sol en utilisant une approche de résistance du contact galvanique. Les électrodes émettrices et réceptrices ont été configurées suivant un dispositif dipôle équatorial. Un système de scanner automatisé a été développé et testé dans un environnement de terre agricole avec différents profils de sol. Lors de l'utilisation sur le terrain, la distance entre les pairs d'électrodes roulantes d'injection et de mesure variait continuellement de 40 à 190 cm. Les balayages résultants ont été évalués avec des profils de sols de 1m de profondeur, alors que ceux fait à partir d'un appareil d'induction électromagnétique ont été évalués à des profondeurs variées allant jusqu'à 3m.
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Arief, Ismail Shoieb Akaram. "Evaluation of biochar soil amendments in reducing soil and water pollution from pathogens in poultry manure." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=117216.

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This project addresses concerns from the Canadian public about the quality of water in regions where many agricultural operations are located. Fecal coliforms are endemic in poultry and are difficult to eradicate from production facilities. Poultry manure is a reservoir of Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli (including O157:H7) and Salmonella spp. Biochar, the charcoal produced from pyrolysis of biomass, is gaining global recognition due to its unique properties when applied as a soil amendment. Biochar could play an important role in controlling the mobility of pathogens in soil and water environment. Its half-life is estimated to be hundreds of years so it is expected that its role in reducing agricultural pollution could be very long-lasting, and hence very cost-effective.In this study we investigated the effectiveness of biochar in preventing the leaching of fecal coliforms into surface water. The target organisms in this study were Escherichia coli (E .coli) and total coliform. E. coli is widely recognized as the indicator organism for presence of fecal coliform and total coliforms to determine disinfection rate. The study was divided into two components, namely laboratory study and field study.In laboratory study, the effectiveness of three different types of biochar (variation based on production temperature, time and raw material) in adsorption and desorption of E. coli was studied. In adsorption test, a comparative analysis was carried out to understand the differences between biochar, soil amended biochar (soil to biochar ratio of 99:1) and un-amended soil in the removal of E. coli. The statistical analysis showed the adsorption of E. coli was significantly higher in the soil amended biochar treatment. The soil amended biochar and the un-amended soil treatments were further subjected to desorption to test their retention capacity. The statistical analysis showed that two types of soil amended biochars (slow pyrolysis biochar and fast pyrolysis biochar) retained E. coli significantly better. The adsorption capacity of biochar was directly proportional to its porosity and inversely proportional to its ash content. The two types of soil amended biochar were shortlisted based on sorption and retention capacity and were used as treatments in the field study.A sixty-day study was conducted using field lysimeters to evaluate the effectiveness of soil amended biochar in removing or reducing the leaching of fecal coliforms (E. coli) from poultry manure. Lysimeter with only soil was used as control and the shortlisted biochars (slow pyrolysis biochar and fast pyrolysis biochar) were used as treatments. In the biochar-amended treatments, the top 0.05 m of soil was amended with biochar in a proportion of 1:99 biochar:soil. Poultry manure was spread over the soil in all lysimeters. The lysimeters were protected from natural rainfall, and the simulated rainfall was applied as 4 events over a sixty day period. Both soil (3 sampling depths) and leachate samples were collected and analyzed at predetermined time intervals. In the experiment, E. coli and total coliform were found to leach down through the soil profiles, and their concentrations decreased with soil depth and time. The statistical analysis of soil samples and leachate showed that the concentration of E. coli in the treatments at the three sampling depths and in the leachate were significantly different from control (P ≤ 0.05), which is attributed to the effectiveness of the treatments in reducing the leaching of fecal coliforms. However, the concentration of total coliforms was significant (P ≤ 0.05) on certain intervals and insignificant in the others; this can be attributed to already present total coliforms in the soil system and effectiveness of the treatments to hinder coliform transport. Soil biochar amendment was thus seen to be effective in reducing the leaching of fecal coliforms through soil profiles and providing fecal coliforms free leachate.
Ce projet répond aux préoccupations du public canadien au sujet de la qualité de l'eau dans les régions où de nombreuses exploitations agricoles sont présentes. Les coliformes fécaux sont endémiques chez les volailles et sont difficiles à éradiquer des sites de production. Le biochar, un charbon produit par pyrolyse de la biomasse, gagne de plus en plus de reconnaissance à l'échelle mondiale en raison de ses propriétés uniques lorsqu'il est utilisé comme amendement de sol. Sa demi-vie est estimée à des centaines d'années. Par conséquent, son rôle dans la réduction de la pollution agricole pourrait s'étendre sur une longue période.Dans cette étude, nous examinons l'efficacité du biochar dans la prévention de la lixiviation des coliformes fécaux dans l'eau de surface. Les organismes ciblés dans cette étude sont Escherichia coli (E coli.) et les coliformes totaux. E. coli est reconnu comme étant l'organisme indicateur de la présence de coliformes fécaux et les coliformes totaux comme étant révélateur du taux de désinfection. L'étude est composée de deux parties, l'une effectuée en laboratoire et l'autre sur le terrain.Dans l'étude en laboratoire, l'efficacité d'absorption et de désorption d'E. coli de trois différents types de biochar a été étudiée. Par le moyen de tests d'adsorption, une analyse comparative a été effectuée afin de déterminer la différence entre du biochar pur, un sol amendé par du biochar et un sol non-amendé dans leur efficacité d'élimination d'E. coli. Les analyses statistiques ont montré que le biochar comme amendement du sol joue un rôle important dans l'adsorption d'E. coli.Le sol amendé par du biochar et le sol non-amendé ont ensuite été soumis à un test de désorption afin de tester leur capacité de rétention. Les analyses statistiques ont démontré que deux types de sol amendés de biochar (l'un issu de la pyrolyse lente et l'autre de la pyrolyse rapide) retenaient E. coli. La capacité d'adsorption du biochar s'est révélée être directement proportionnelle à sa porosité et inversement proportionnelle à sa teneur en cendres. Les deux types de biochars ont été sélectionnés et utilisés comme traitements dans l'étude de terrain. L'étude de terrain a été réalisée sur des lysimètres pendant soixante jours afin d'évaluer l'efficacité du biochar dans l'élimination et la réduction du lessivage des coliformes fécaux (E. coli) venant du fumier de volaille. Le témoin contenait seulement du sol et le biochar sélectionné (l'un issu de la pyrolyse lente et l'autre de la pyrolyse rapide) a été utilisé comme traitement. Le biochar a été mélangé avec 5 cm de sol en partant de la surface (rapport de sol a biochar de 99:1). Le fumier de volaille a été répandu sur le sol dans tous les lysimètres. Les lysimètres ont été protégés de la pluie afin de simuler l'irrigation. L'irrigation a été simulée en 4 événements au cours des soixante jours. Le sol (3 profondeurs d'échantillonnage) et les échantillons de lixiviat ont été prélevés et analysés à des intervalles temporels prédéterminés. Dans cette étude, E. coli et les coliformes totaux se sont infiltrés à travers les profils de sol, et leurs concentrations ont diminués avec le temps et la profondeur du sol. Les analyses statistiques (P ≤ 0.05) des échantillons de sol et des lixiviats ont montré que la concentration d'E. coli dans les traitements aux trois profondeurs et dans le lixiviat étaient différente du contrôle, ce qui est attribué à l'efficacité des traitements de réduction du lessivage des coliformes fécaux. Cependant, la concentration de coliformes totaux était significatif (P ≤ 0.05) sur certains intervalles et insignifiant sur d'autres, ce qui peut être lié a une présence antérieure de coliformes totaux dans le sol et a l'efficacité des traitements qui suggèrent un taux de désinfection efficace. Le sol amendé de biochar a donc été considéré comme étant efficace dans la réduction du lessivage des coliformes fécaux a travers les profils de sol.
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Konings, Alexandra Georges. "Microwave remote sensing of water in the soil - plant system." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/101833.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 171-191).
Remotely sensed measurements made by radars or radiometers in the low microwave frequency range are sensitive to soil moisture, soil roughness, and vegetation water content. Measurements made at multiple polarizations can be used to determine additional ancillary parameters alongside the primary variable of interest. However, if an attempt is made to retrieve too many parameters from too few measurements, the resulting retrievals will contain high levels of noise. In this thesis, I introduce a framework to determine an upper bound on the number of geophysical parameters that can be retrieved from remotely sensed measurements such as those made by microwave instruments. The principles behind this framework, as well as the framework itself, are then applied to derive two new ecohydrological variables: a) soil moisture profiles across much of the root-zone and b) vegetation optical depth, which is proportional to vegetation water content. For P-band observations, it is shown that soil moisture variations with depth must be accounted for to prevent large forward modeling - and thus retrieval - errors. A Tikhonov regularization approach is then introduced to allow retrieval of soil moisture in several profile layers by using statistics on the expected co-variation between soil moisture at different depths. The algorithm is tested using observations from the NASA Airborne Microwave Observatory of Subcanopy and Subsurface (AirMOSS) Mission over the Harvard Forest in Western Massachusetts. Additionally, at L-band, a multi-temporal algorithm is introduced to determine vegetation optical depth (VOD) alongside soil moisture. The multi-temporal approach used reduces the chance of compensating errors between the two retrieved parameters (soil moisture and vegetation optical depth), caused by small amounts of measurement noise. In several dry tropical ecosystems, the resulting VOD dataset is shown to have opposite temporal behavior to coincident cross-polarized backscattering coefficients, an active microwave indicator of vegetation water content and scattering. This possibly shows dry season bud-break or enduring litter presence in these regions. Lastly, cross-polarized backscattering coefficients are used to test the hypothesis that vegetation water refilling slows down under drought even at the ecosystem scale. Evidence for this hypothesis is only found in the driest location tested.
by Alexandra Georges Konings.
Ph. D.
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10

Alsanabani, Mohamed Moslih. "Soil water determination by time domain reflectometry: Sampling domain and geometry." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185550.

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This work investigates several aspects of time domain reflectometry (TDR) theory and application. One of these aspects is the study of the influence of TDR probe geometries on the travel time. No change in the travel time resulted from increasing either the diameter of wire or spacing. However, we found a linear relationship between the travel time and the length of the probe for measurements in water. Also we found the reflected voltage was inversely proportionally to the incident voltage in water. Another aspect is the volume of sensitivity for the TDR which depends on the electrical properties of the medium and the geometry of the probe. The sensitivity of TDR in soil is different than in water. The observations in soils indicate that soil with a high water content (θᵥ) has a smaller sample volume than the one with low θᵥ. A probe with a large wire diameter has a larger sample volume than a probe with a small wire diameter. Also, a simple model and a mixing model were investigated and compared to Topp's model, for relating θᵥ to the effective dielectric constant. The distance to wetting front over time was observed and calculated using an expression which relates the travel time in soil before and after water application. This was tested with probes of different geometries. The wetting front from a point source were monitored for two and three dimensions in a plexiglas tank using TDR. Contour maps for the calculated radius of wetting front vs. the depth over time were produced.
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Книги з теми "Soil and Water Engineering"

1

1919-, Schwab Glenn Orville, ed. Soil and water conservation engineering. 4th ed. New York: Wiley, 1993.

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Schwab, Glenn Orville. Elementary soil and water engineering. 3rd ed. New York: Wiley, 1985.

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Schwab, Glenn O. Elementary soil and water engineering. 3rd ed. New York: Wiley, 1985.

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4

Schwab, Glenn Orville. Elementary soil and water engineering. 3rd ed. Malbar, Fla: Krieger Pub. Co., 1993.

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1919-, Schwab Glenn O., ed. Soil and water conservation engineering. 4th ed. Chichester: Wiley, 1993.

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6

American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, ed. Soil and water conservation engineering. St. Joseph, Michigan: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2013.

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7

Schwab, Glenn Orville. Soil and water management systems. 4th ed. New York: Wiley, 1996.

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8

Soil water and agronomic productivity. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2012.

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9

Vaníček, Ivan. Earth structures: In transport, water and environmental engineering. Dordrecht: Springer, 2008.

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10

J, Agardy Franklin, and Sullivan, Patrick J., Ph.D., eds. Environmental engineering. 6th ed. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley, 2009.

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Частини книг з теми "Soil and Water Engineering"

1

Siegrist, Robert L. "Treatment Using Subsurface Soil Infiltration." In Decentralized Water Reclamation Engineering, 547–639. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40472-1_11.

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2

O’Donnell, B., A. Swarup, A. Sidiq, D. Robert, and S. Setunge. "Guidelines for Enzymatic Soil Stabilization." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 373–98. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3330-3_40.

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AbstractThere are numerous manuals to guide practitioners in utilizing traditional additives in the construction of road, rail and dam construction but they fall short of specific guidance for non-standard additive-based ecofriendly and cost-effective soil stabilization. Increased attention has recently been on the use of non-standard additives for stabilizing weak soils due to environmental and cost concerns associated with traditional additives. We summarize the specific guidelines of using environmental-friendly enzymes to treat weak soils. We elaborate on the requirements and specifications for the Eko-Soil multi-enzyme product that is manufactured from water and proteins extracted from fermented exudes of plants. Specific tests (laboratory and field) and conditions required for soil stabilization using Eko-Soil enzyme are elaborated using the experience of past construction projects. The guide also elaborates enhancing the efficiency of enzymatic soil stabilization by correctly incorporating the required mixing proportions and pre-requisite condition tests. Professionals and practitioners will benefit from using novel eco-friendly sustainable stabilization techniques in the treatment of weak soils covering many applications including roads, foundations, water containment areas, landfills, working platforms and slope erosion control.
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3

Sartori, Aderson, Abel Maia Genovez, and Francisco Lombardi Neto. "Tentative Hydrologic Soil Classification for Tropical Soils." In Advances in Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, 199–204. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89465-0_37.

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4

Sivanappan, R. K. "Basics of Soil and Water Conservation Engineering." In Emerging Technologies in Agricultural Engineering, 319–54. Waretown, NJ : Apple Academic Press, 2017.: Apple Academic Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315366364-13.

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5

Still, Gerald G. "Genetic Engineering for Improving Plant Water Use." In Future Developments in Soil Science Research, 361–65. Madison, WI, USA: Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/1987.futuredevelopmentssoil.c38.

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6

Hu, Haiying, Weimin Bao, Tao Wang, and Simin Qu. "Isotopic Exchange of Soil Water in Water Cycle." In Advances in Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, 188–92. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89465-0_35.

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7

Kumbhakar, Manotosh, and Vijay P. Singh. "Absorption Equation in Unsaturated Soil." In Homotopy-Based Methods in Water Engineering, 427–47. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003368984-22.

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8

Ali Maroof, M., Danial Rezazadeh Eidgahee, and Ahmad Mahboubi. "Particle Morphology Effect on the Soil Pore Structure." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 1–10. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1260-3_1.

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AbstractThe soil fabric can be expressed as a network model. Granular media voids connectivity and constriction size distribution may lead to movement of air, fluids, and solids in the soil, and therefore affect the chemical, physical and mechanical properties of soils. Understanding the soil voids areas and their interconnection might be helpful in understanding different phenomena such as transport in porous media, water retention, fluid flow in the soil, soil contamination, internal erosion, suffusion, and filtration. In addition, specifying the soil voids interconnectivity can help researchers and practical engineers to provide the best rehabilitation and remediation approaches. The pore network was investigated in the current study, assuming the soil particles to be similar to discrete spheres and particles with different shapes. Also, based on the modelling techniques, the profiles of pore connectivity and constriction size distribution were assessed.
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9

Lu, Ning. "Linking Soil Water Adsorption to Geotechnical Engineering Properties." In Geotechnical Fundamentals for Addressing New World Challenges, 93–139. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-06249-1_4.

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10

Sharanya, A. G., M. Heeralal, and T. Thyagaraj. "Modelling Soil Water Retention Curve for Cohesive Soil Using Artificial Neural Network." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 353–59. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6513-5_31.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Soil and Water Engineering"

1

Hu, Pan, Qing Yang, and Maotian Luan. "Measurement of Soil Suction and Soil-Water Characteristics of Bentonite-Sand Mixtures." In ASME 2010 29th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2010-20980.

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The soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) is a widely used experimental means for assessing fundamental properties of unsaturated soils for a wide range of soil suction values. The study of SWCC is helpful because some properties of unsaturated soils can be predicted from it. Nowadays, much attention has been paid to the behaviours of highly compacted bentonite-sand mixtures used in engineering barriers for high level radioactive nuclear waste disposal. It is very important to study the various performances of bentonite-sand mixtures in order to insure the safety of high-level radioactive waste (HLW) repository. After an introduction to vapor phase method and osmotic technique, a laboratory study has been carried out on compacted bentonite-sand mixtures. The SWCC of bentonite-sand mixtures has been obtained and analyzed. The results show that the vapor phase method and osmotic technique is suitable to the unsaturated soils with high and low suction.
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2

Garcia, Elizabeth Silva, and Eduardo Rojas. "Estimation of soil-water retention curve for expansive soils." In 2021 XVII International Engineering Congress (CONIIN). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/coniin54356.2021.9634707.

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3

Bass, Randall P. "Hydraulic Structures: Designing with RCC and Soil-Cement." In Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)82.

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4

Emery, Tenli W., Robert J. Stevens, Jashod Roy, Estefania Flores, and W. Spencer Guthrie. "Soil-Water Characteristic Curves for Clayey Soil Treated with Cement or Lime." In 2020 Intermountain Engineering, Technology and Computing (IETC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ietc47856.2020.9249212.

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5

Bennett, Todd H., and John C. Peters. "Continuous Soil Moisture Accounting in the Hydrologic Engineering Center Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS)." In Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)149.

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6

Whiting, Michael L. "Measuring surface water in soil with light reflectance." In SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, edited by Wei Gao and Thomas J. Jackson. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.826896.

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7

Tian, Jia, and William D. Philpot. "Relating water absorption features to soil moisture characteristics." In SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, edited by Thomas S. Pagano and John F. Silny. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2188478.

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8

Chen, Jing-Wen, and Fu-Cheng Chen. "The Effectiveness of Dynamic Compaction Under Various Water Levels." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-79812.

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Dynamic compaction is currently regarded as one of the quick but cost-effective method for soil densification to resist the potential of soil liquefaction during earthquake. Most practices and studies reveal the depth of densification is mainly limited by the compaction energy without considering the effect of water table. In this experimental study, the impact performances under both presence and absence of water level without changing the compaction energy were presented. The Single-point Impact Test is developed to perform a series of tests on soils under different water levels and drained conditions. Meanwhile, an automatic cone penetrometer is also developed to evaluate the effectiveness. The boundary effect of soil container used in the test is also discussed. The impact-induced pore pressures and dissipation periods are measured and compared with a field measurement. The relationship between the effective dynamic stresses and corresponding cone resistances in soils is highlighted. The performance of dynamic impacts is evaluated by a term of improvement ratio.
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9

Michaels, Paul. "Water, Inertial Damping, and the Complex Shear Modulus." In Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics Congress IV. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40975(318)54.

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10

Abdullah, N. H. H., N. W. Kuan, A. Ibrahim, B. N. Ismail, M. R. A. Majid, R. Ramli, and N. S. Mansor. "Determination of soil water content using time domain reflectometer (TDR) for clayey soil." In ADVANCES IN CIVIL ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5062642.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Soil and Water Engineering"

1

Shmulevich, Itzhak, Shrini Upadhyaya, Dror Rubinstein, Zvika Asaf, and Jeffrey P. Mitchell. Developing Simulation Tool for the Prediction of Cohesive Behavior Agricultural Materials Using Discrete Element Modeling. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7697108.bard.

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The underlying similarity between soils, grains, fertilizers, concentrated animal feed, pellets, and mixtures is that they are all granular materials used in agriculture. Modeling such materials is a complex process due to the spatial variability of such media, the origin of the material (natural or biological), the nonlinearity of these materials, the contact phenomenon and flow that occur at the interface zone and between these granular materials, as well as the dynamic effect of the interaction process. The lack of a tool for studying such materials has limited the understanding of the phenomena relevant to them, which in turn has led to energy loss and poor quality products. The objective of this study was to develop a reliable prediction simulation tool for cohesive agricultural particle materials using Discrete Element Modeling (DEM). The specific objectives of this study were (1) to develop and verify a 3D cohesionless agricultural soil-tillage tool interaction model that enables the prediction of displacement and flow in the soil media, as well as forces acting on various tillage tools, using the discrete element method; (2) to develop a micro model for the DEM formulation by creating a cohesive contact model based on liquid bridge forces for various agriculture materials; (3) to extend the model to include both plastic and cohesive behavior of various materials, such as grain and soil structures (e.g., compaction level), textures (e.g., clay, loam, several grains), and moisture contents; (4) to develop a method to obtain the parameters for the cohesion contact model to represent specific materials. A DEM model was developed that can represent both plastic and cohesive behavior of soil. Soil cohesive behavior was achieved by considering tensile force between elements. The developed DEM model well represented the effect of wedge shape on soil behavior and reaction force. Laboratory test results showed that wedge penetration resistance in highly compacted soil was two times greater than that in low compacted soil, whereas DEM simulation with parameters obtained from the test of low compacted soil could not simply be extended to that of high compacted soil. The modified model took into account soil failure strength that could be changed with soil compaction. A three dimensional representation composed of normal displacement, shear failure strength and tensile failure strength was proposed to design mechanical properties between elements. The model based on the liquid bridge theory. An inter particle tension force measurement tool was developed and calibrated A comprehensive study of the parameters of the contact model for the DEM taking into account the cohesive/water-bridge was performed on various agricultural grains using this measurement tool. The modified DEM model was compared and validated against the test results. With the newly developed model and procedure for determination of DEM parameters, we could reproduce the high compacted soil behavior and reaction forces both qualitatively and quantitatively for the soil conditions and wedge shapes used in this study. Moreover, the effect of wedge shape on soil behavior and reaction force was well represented with the same parameters. During the research we made use of the commercial PFC3D to analyze soil tillage implements. An investigation was made of three different head drillers. A comparison of three commonly used soil tillage systems was completed, such as moldboard plow, disc plow and chisel plow. It can be concluded that the soil condition after plowing by the specific implement can be predicted by the DEM model. The chisel plow is the most economic tool for increasing soil porosity. The moldboard is the best tool for soil manipulation. It can be concluded that the discrete element simulation can be used as a reliable engineering tool for soil-implement interaction quantitatively and qualitatively.
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2

Zakikhani, Mansour, Philip Gidley, and Jeb Tingle. Development of an engineering soil database. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/25962.

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3

Stevens A. J. Booster soil, component, and water activation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1150470.

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4

MCCLELLAN AFB CA. Basewide Engineering Evaluation-Cost Analysis for Soil Vapor Extraction. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada269391.

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5

Jung, Carina, Karl Indest, Matthew Carr, Richard Lance, Lyndsay Carrigee, and Kayla Clark. Properties and detectability of rogue synthetic biology (SynBio) products in complex matrices. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45345.

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Synthetic biology (SynBio) aims to rationally engineer or modify traits of an organism or integrate the behaviors of multiple organisms into a singular functional organism through advanced genetic engineering techniques. One objective of this research was to determine the environmental persistence of engineered DNA in the environment. To accomplish this goal, the environmental persistence of legacy engineered DNA building blocks were targeted that laid the foundation for SynBio product development and application giving rise to “post-use products.” These building blocks include genetic constructs such as cloning and expression vectors, promoter/terminator elements, selectable markers, reporter genes, and multi-cloning sites. Shotgun sequencing of total DNA from water samples of pristine sites was performed and resultant sequence data mined for frequency of legacy recombinant DNA signatures. Another objective was to understand the fate of a standardized contemporary synthetic genetic construct (SC) in the context of various chassis systems/genetic configurations representing different degrees of “genetic bioavailability” to the environmental landscape. These studies were carried out using microcosms representing different environmental matrices (soils, waters, wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) liquor) and employed a novel genetic reporter system based on volatile organic compounds (VOC) detection to assess proliferation and persistence of the SC in the matrix over time.
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6

Jayaweera, Indira S., Montserrat Marti-Perez, Jordi Diaz-Ferrero, and Angel Sanjurjo. Water as a Reagent for Soil Remediation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/808528.

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Indira S. Jayaweera, Montserrat Marti-Perez, Jordi Diaz-Ferrero, and Angel Sanjurjo. WATER AS A REAGENT FOR SOIL REMEDIATION. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/808964.

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8

Atalay, A., and D. Vir Maggon. Selenium in Oklahoma ground water and soil. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5127191.

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Indira S. Jayaweera, Montserrat Marti-Perez, Jordi Diaz-Ferrero, and Angel Sanjurjo. WATER AS A REAGENT FOR SOIL REMEDIATION. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/824937.

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10

Indira S. Jayaweera and Jordi Diaz-Ferraro. WATER AS A REAGENT FOR SOIL REMEDIATION. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/824939.

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