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Статті в журналах з теми "Social sciences -> psychology -> biological/physiological psychology"
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Zahoor, Rubina. "The Science And Physiological Benefits Behind Purposefully Choosing Positive Thoughts." Journal of Science & Technology 02, no. 04 (2021): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.55662/jst.2021.2402.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In an effort to strengthen conceptual foundations of eudaimonic well-being, key messages from Aristotle’s Nichomacean Ethics are revisited. Also examined are ideas about positive human functioning from existential and utilitarian philosophy as well as clinical, developmental, and humanistic psychology. How these perspectives were integrated to create a multidimensional model of psychological well-being [Ryff, C.D.: 1989a, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 57(6), pp. 1069–1081] is described, and empirical evidence supporting the factorial validity of the model is briefly noted. Life course and socioeconomic correlates of well-being are examined to underscore the point that opportunities for eudaimonic well-being are not equally distributed. Biological correlates (cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, immune) of psychological well-being are also briefly noted as they suggest possible health benefits associated with living a life rich in purpose and meaning, continued growth, and quality ties to others. We conclude with future challenges in carrying the eudaimonic vision forward.
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Barkow, Jerome H. "Précis ofDarwin, sex and status: Biological approaches to mind and culture." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14, no. 2 (June 1991): 295–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00066711.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractDarwin, Sex and Statusargues that a human sociobiology that mistakes evolutionary theory for theories of psychology and culture is wrong, as are psychologies that could never have evolved or social sciences that posit impossible psychologies. Status develops theories of human self-awareness, cognition, and cultural capacity that are compatible with evolutionary theory. Recurring themes include: the importance of sexual selection in human evolution; our species' preoccupation with self-esteem and relative standing; the individual as an active strategist, regularly revising culturally provided information; and awareness as an impressionmanagement device. Culture is a somewhat structured information pool that itself evolves, often in ways that reduce the genetic fitness of its participants.
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Chernego, D. I., M. Y. Vasilyeva, and R. Z. Mukhamedrahimov. "The Impact of Early Institutionalization Experience on Child Development: Biological Indicators, Physiological Mechanisms, Behavioral Characteristics." Social Psychology and Society 14, no. 2 (July 10, 2023): 9–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/sps.2023140202.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Objective. </strong>Systematization and generalization of research data on the impact of early institutionalization on biological indicators of children's development, and a description of the underlying physiological mechanisms and relations between biological indicators and their behavioral manifestations in children.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Background. </strong>Early deprivation is a significant social-psychological factor that dramatically affects the subsequent mental health and development of children. To date, a wide amount of data on the biological effects of early institutional deprivation has been accumulated in the research literature while this information is little represented in Russia. To understand the specificity of the biological and behavioral development of children with institutionalization experience transferred from Russian institutions into domestic adoptive or foster care families there is a need to analyze, systematize and generalize information on bio-behavioral consequences of early institutionalization.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusions. </strong>Research results indicate in children with early institutional experience a significant change in biological development manifested in negative changes in morphofunctional development and microstructural organization of the brain, and characteristics of its activity, in cortisol secretion, violations of immunity, changes in DNA methylation profiling, in microbiome. Biological changes and their behavioral correlates are associated with such institutional conditions as the severity of deprivation and duration of institutionalization (the age of the child's transfer from institution to family). In order to prevent developmental, somatic and mental health disorders associated with the long-term impact of early deprivation, the state policy in the field of early childhood and the work of the professional society have to fulfil the rights of the child to live in the family in relationship with sensitive and responsive emotionally available primary caregivers.</p>
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Bridgeman, Bruce. "It is not evolutionary models, but models in general that social science needs." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 29, no. 4 (August 2006): 351–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x06279081.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mathematical models are potentially as useful for culture as for evolution, but cultural models must have different designs from genetic models. Social sciences must borrow from biology the idea of modeling, rather than the structure of models, because copying the product is fundamentally different from copying the design. Transfer of most cultural information from brains to artificial media increases the differences between cultural and biological information.
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Fabrega, Jr., Horacio. "Biological evolution of cognition and culture: Off Arbib's mirror-neuron system stage?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences 28, no. 2 (April 2005): 131–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x05280032.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Arbib offers a comprehensive, elegant formulation of brain/language evolution; with significant implications for social as well as biological sciences. Important psychological antecedents and later correlates are presupposed; their conceptual enrichment through protosign and protospeech is abbreviated in favor of practical communication. What culture “is” and whether protosign and protospeech involve a protoculture are not considered. Arbib also avoids dealing with the question of evolution of mind, consciousness, and self.
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Maynard, Brandy R., Brian B. Boutwell, Michael G. Vaughn, Sandra Naeger, and Nathaniel Dell. "Biosocial Research in Social Work Journals." Research on Social Work Practice 28, no. 2 (November 19, 2015): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049731515615678.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Despite an emphasis on a biopsychosocial understanding of human behavior and the relevance of biosocial research to social work practice, it is unclear whether social work is contributing to biosocial research and knowledge. Methods: Systematic review procedures were employed to locate studies that included biological variables (e.g., genetic or physiological factors) related to behavior and were published in a social work journal between 2000 and 2015. Seventy-five social work journals were searched. Studies were screened and coded by two independent reviewers. Results: Eleven studies were eligible for this review; one was a behavior genetics study, two were molecular genetics studies, two were neurological studies, and six studies examined physiological factors such as skin conductance and salivary cortisol. Discussion: Findings suggest that social work as a discipline is not contributing new knowledge to advance the “bio” component of the biopsychosocial framework. Implications and recommendations are discussed.
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Borsboom, Denny. "Evolutionary theory and the riddle of the universe." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 29, no. 4 (August 2006): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x06269085.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An effective restructuring of the social sciences around the evolutionary model requires that evolutionary theory has explanatory power with respect to the spread of cultural traits: The causal mechanisms involved should be structurally analogous to those of biological evolution. I argue that this is implausible because phenotypical consequences of cultural traits are not causally relevant to their chances of “survival.”
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Weisfeld, Glenn E., and Peter LaFreniere. "Emotions, not just decision-making processes, are critical to an evolutionary model of human behavior." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 30, no. 1 (February 2007): 43–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x07000866.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An evolutionary model of human behavior should privilege emotions: essential, phylogenetically ancient behaviors that learning and decision making only subserve. Infants and non-mammals lack advanced cognitive powers but still survive. Decision making is only a means to emotional ends, which organize and prioritize behavior. The emotion of pride/shame, or dominance striving, bridges the social and biological sciences via internalization of cultural norms.
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Curtis, Valerie, Mícheál de Barra, and Robert Aunger. "Disgust as an adaptive system for disease avoidance behaviour." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 366, no. 1563 (February 12, 2011): 389–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0117.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Disgust is an evolved psychological system for protecting organisms from infection through disease avoidant behaviour. This ‘behavioural immune system’, present in a diverse array of species, exhibits universal features that orchestrate hygienic behaviour in response to cues of risk of contact with pathogens. However, disgust is also a dynamic adaptive system. Individuals show variation in pathogen avoidance associated with psychological traits like having a neurotic personality, as well as a consequence of being in certain physiological states such as pregnancy or infancy. Three specialized learning mechanisms modify the disgust response: the Garcia effect, evaluative conditioning and the law of contagion. Hygiene behaviour is influenced at the group level through social learning heuristics such as ‘copy the frequent’. Finally, group hygiene is extended symbolically to cultural rules about purity and pollution, which create social separations and are enforced as manners. Cooperative hygiene endeavours such as sanitation also reduce pathogen prevalence. Our model allows us to integrate perspectives from psychology, ecology and cultural evolution with those of epidemiology and anthropology. Understanding the nature of disease avoidance psychology at all levels of human organization can inform the design of programmes to improve public health.
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Strizhitskaya, O. Y., and M. D. Petrash. "Construction of Productive Ageing: Biological, Psychological and Environmental Factors." Консультативная психология и психотерапия 30, no. 1 (2022): 8–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/cpp.2022300102.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction. The construction of old age is a set of strategies to create and implement the image of the desired old age. The article considers biological, psychological and environmental factors from the point of view of their modeling, which lend themselves to the possibility of creating, managing and eliminating certain mechanisms, depending on their role in the structure of aging. Objective. The work is devoted to systematization of scientific data on aging and the mechanisms of maintaining the quality of life during the aging period. The article examines biological, psychological, social and environmental factors that affect the specifics of aging. Methods. Theoretical analysis of modern research in the field of the psychology of aging. Results and conclusions. It has been shown that genetic and physiological mechanisms are not unconditional predictors of aging, but can be modified. At the same time, psychological and social factors lend themselves only to conditional modeling. The most flexible at this stage are various environmental factors that make it possible to significantly correct aging trends. The analysis showed that the factors and mechanisms known at this stage can be conditionally divided into modeled, conditionally modeled and difficult to model. At the same time, among such factors, conditional and easily modeled ones prevail, which allows us to develop the idea of construction of aging at earlier stages. The data indicate that the mechanisms of subjectivity underlie the possibilities of constructing aging, and the basis for the formation of strategies is adequate and positive representations of one’s own aging.
Дисертації з теми "Social sciences -> psychology -> biological/physiological psychology"
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Auch, Patricia Marie. "Physiological correlates in happy and sad emotional states." Scholarly Commons, 1995. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2759.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The physiological differences in happy and sad emotional reactions were measured by taking blood pressure, EMG, heart-rate, and skin-temperature while each emotion was evoked in participants. The study used films shown to participants to provoke happy and sad responses. Self-evaluation questionnaires were used to determine how aware the participants were of their physiological changes in both emotional conditions. Results indicated a decrease in systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and EMG responses, but, an increase in skin temperature while participants watched the sad film manipulation. Physiological readings taken during the happy film sequence contradicted the hypotheses of this study. Participants blood pressure, heart rate, and skin temperature readings were lower in the happy condition than in the sad. Electromyography during the happy film manipulation was the only measure to increase as predicted. Attention was paid to the differences in men and women in their physiological responses.
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Zavis, Doreen. "The effect of touch on recovery following a physical stressor." Scholarly Commons, 1994. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2806.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The physiological and subjective effects of touch on individuals confronted with a physical stressor were investigated in a mixed two-factor study of 57 college-age women. Peak values and time course of several indices of autonomic nervous system activity (heart rate, frontalis EMG, and skin conductance) were monitored before, during, and after a 30-sec cold pressor task under three different touch conditions: no touch, touch-during, and touch-after the stressor. Experimental group members received a light stroking touch to their shoulder by the female experimenter for 30-sec. No touch (control) group members were guided through a 30-sec visualization exercise. Data analysis failed to support a theory of attenuated stress responding or facilitated recovery under either touch condition. However, equipment error and large within-subject variability may have masked the touch effects. Touch-during group members reported finding the stressor less aversive. Suggestions for future research contrasting static versus dynamic touch are discussed.
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Kuntz, Todd Arthur. "Phasic stress measures and thought intrusions resulting from distress and cognitive inhibition." Scholarly Commons, 1994. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2784.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Recently, a revitalized interest in the effects of cognitive inhibition and its implications for psychological and physical health has emerged. Some researchers believe that inhibition is difficult, fosters subsequent incursions of the inhibited thought, and also fosters increased phasic stress responses which can lead into increased susceptibility to stress illnesses. This study attempted to support these assertions by using a split-plot factorial 2 x 2 x 5 design exposing participants to two levels of distress and two types of inhibition and measuring suppression across five 1-min intervals. Results provided mixed support that autonomic arousal and difficulty of suppression are related to saliency of distressing experiences and type of inhibition strategy employed. Implications for methodological issues and general health are discussed.
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Frazer, Nicole Lynn. "Effects of expectancy and suggestibility on the assessment of cardiovascular reactivity." Scholarly Commons, 1994. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2777.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Because it is a risk factor for coronary heart disease, cardiovascular reactivity has been the subject of much research. Interestingly, however, psychological variables that influence the assessment of cardiovascular reactivity have received little attention. This is a noteworthy omission because studies in this area could shed light on variables that influence reactivity and/or interfere with accurate measurement of heart rate and blood pressure changes. To help remedy this deficit, the present study examined the effects of two psychological variables, expectancy and suggestibility, on the assessment of cardiovascular reactivity to a mental arithmetic challenge. The study used a split plot factorial design (SPF 22.3). The expectancy manipulation had two levels, positive and negative. The suggestibility manipulation also had two levels, high suggestibility and low suggestibility. There were three trials consisting of baseline, presentation of the stressor, and a posttask recovery period. Sixty-eight participants were given the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale, and were assigned to high and low groups based on a median split. Next, they were randomly assigned to either the positive or negative expectancy group. Participants in all four groups were then given the same mental arithmetic challenge. Cardiovascular reactivity was measured by changes in heart rate and blood pressure. Results failed to show a significant main effect for either the expectancy or suggestibility manipulations. The interaction effects were also not significant. Possible reasons for these findings are discussed.
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Schlecht, Nicolas F. "Physiological and psychosocial determinants of health-care service utilisation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0024/MQ50872.pdf.
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McGuire, Erin D. "White coat effect in college students." Scholarly Commons, 2002. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2659.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study was a systematic replication of the work of Carels, Sherwood, and Blumenthal (1998) who studied white coat hypertension (WCH) in adults with suspected hypertension. The present study utilized healthy African American and Caucasian young adults. Fifty-seven male and female high school and college students (34 Caucasians and 23 African Americans) had their blood pressure screened three times on three separate occasions. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Arousal Predisposition Scale (APS) were administered at the first visit to assess anxiety and arousal. A 3-way multifactorial mixed design ANOVA and multiple regression analyses were performed separately for systolic BP and diastolic BP. Significant main effects for trials, gender, and ethnicity for systolic BP were revealed. Significant main effects were not found for diastolic BP measures, and no interaction effects were revealed for systolic or diastolic measures. Participants' systolic BP decreased from the first screening to the second and third screenings. The main effect for gender indicated significant differences in systolic BP between males and females, with males having higher systolic BP over trials. The significant main effect for ethnicity revealed that African Americans had higher systolic BP than Caucasians. The regression analyses using the scores from the APS, STAI, and BP trial change scores revealed that none of the variables contributed significantly to the change in BP across sessions. The results replicate the finding of Carels et al. (1998) who found SBP declined from Trial 1 to Trials 2 and 3, and provide partial support for a small white coat effect in healthy Caucasian and African American young adults.
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Wolf, Elise. "Diel Periodicity in Activity and Location in the Web of the Common House Spider (Achaearanea tepidariorum)." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/13.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Circadian rhythm is a type of endogenous clock that controls daily behavioral patterns in most organisms. Spiders have been shown to exhibit both circadian and non-circadian rhythms in their behaviors. This rhythmicity may allow spiders to cope with diel changes in environmental conditions. Both diurnal and nocturnal behavior have different sets of costs and benefits to a species’ survival. Achaearanea tepidariorum is one species in which potential circadian rhythmicity has never been studied. Due to its foraging behavior, it was predicted that its daily activity would be arrhythmic. We recorded the positions within the web of forty individuals throughout the day, and then observed their daily activity via use of an actogram apparatus. Analysis of the resulting actograms and web position data revealed a significant nocturnal periodicity in the spiders’ activity, as well as possible anticipation of the daily cycle. This nocturnal periodicity, coupled with specific web-building behavior, may be the result of this species balancing the costs and benefits of predation and foraging. More studies are needed to provide more information about the circadian behavioral patterns of A. tepidariorum.
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Foster, Monica L. "The effects of biofeedback-assisted relaxation on high and low anxious diabetics." Scholarly Commons, 1990. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2956.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Previous investigations of biofeedback and relaxation for diabetics to control blood sugar level have been contradictory. The present study hypothesized that diabetics determined as high anxious would lower their blood sugar levels significantly, as compared to a low anxious group. Twelve participants, 34 to 70 years old, were divided into high and low anxious groups according to scores on four paper and pencil measures. For 6 weeks biofeedback-assisted relaxation was administered to both groups and a multivariate analysis of variance was conducted. The hypothesis was not supported. Three of 12 decreased blood sugar levels over treatment. A regression analysis was conducted to examine the variables those 3 participants had in common, yielding a multiple R of.96 (p (is less than) .001) between the reducers and the non-reducers. Reducers had (in order of importance in the regression equation) more monthly hassles; were less distancing, more confrontive, and more accepting of responsibility in their ways of coping; were less trait anxious; and experienced more anxiety-related affect. Inferences about the possible influences these variables had on success in treatment are discussed, and implications for future research are presented.
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Karlsson, Louise. "Stress : From a biological, social, and psychological perspective." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-16104.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Over the years stress has been a term lacking one clear and specific definition. In general, the term stress has been used mostly as an explanation of a response or reaction to a stressor. A stressor can be of both physiological and behavioral character. The experience of stress can occur both due to a real or a perceived stressor. In this literature review, the concept of stress is viewed with insights from biological, psychological, and social perspectives. The stress response is described biologically with the central nervous system (CNS), the brain, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Social and psychological stress are concepts related to how stress is perceived by the mind and due to social surroundings which is described in relation to social support, self-efficacy, the locus of control and cognitive appraisal. Dealing with stress can be done through coping which refers to the individual capacity to handle a stressor and has generally been divided into two categories, active/passive coping and problem-focused/emotion-focused coping. Depending on the individual resources to cope with a stressor and the ability to decrease the stress response when needed, the long-term effects of stress can therefore vary between individuals. It has been found that positive coping (known as reducing stress) can increase the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) volume and decrease anxiety and depression. The prefrontal cortex (PFC), the hippocampus, and the amygdala are closely linked to the ACC and affect emotions, learning, and memory related to the stress response.
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Machado, Mychal A. "Picture this: Smoking cues as conditional elicitors of compensatory responses in smokers." Scholarly Commons, 2011. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/301.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The current study sought to extend previous research on conditional compensatory responses and illicit drugs to smoking and respondent conditioning by exposing ten adult smokers and nonsmokers to smoking and non-smoking related imagery. Pre- and post-slide show carbon monoxide (CO) levels were taken as the main measure of compensatory actions. As supplementary measures, heart rate and blood pressure readings were also obtained. Results demonstrated that the measures of CO obtained from smokers were lower following a visual presentation of smoking related images as compared to a presentation of non-smoking related images. This drop in CO levels was not evident (a) in nonsmoking participants, nor (b) in two control subjects whom provided extended CO measures in the absence of visual imagery. These data suggest the continued investigation of respondent aspects in smoking behavior is necessary in order to obtain a global picture of the physiological aspects of smoking behavior.
Книги з теми "Social sciences -> psychology -> biological/physiological psychology"
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M, Gage Nicole, ed. Fundamentals of cognitive neuroscience: A beginner's guide. Amsterdam: Academic Press, 2013.
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A, Wallace Stephen, ed. Perspectives on the coordination of movement. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1989.
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1978-, Wallisch Pascal, ed. MATLAB for neuroscientists: An introduction to scientific computing of MATLAB. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Academic Press, 2009.
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P, Møller A., Milinski Manfred, and Slater, P. J. B. 1942-, eds. Stress and behavior. San Diego, Calif: Academic Press, 1998.
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1944-, Carter Carol Sue, Lederhendler I. Izja, and Kirkpatrick Brian, eds. The integrative neurobiology of affiliation. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1999.
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Ekrem, Dere, ed. Handbook of episodic memory. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science, 2008.
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A, Rosenbaum David, and Collyer Charles E, eds. Timing of behavior: Neural, psychological, and computational perspectives. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1998.
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Queer science: The use and abuse of research into homosexuality. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1996.
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M, Kowalski Robin, and Leary Mark R, eds. The social psychology of emotional and behavioral problems: Interfaces of social and clinical psychology. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 1999.
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E, Gould Jay, ed. Concise handbook of experimental methods for the behavioral and biological sciences. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2002.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "Social sciences -> psychology -> biological/physiological psychology"
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Colleran, Heidi. "22. A Theory of Culture for Evolutionary Demography." In Human Evolutionary Demography, 517–50. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0251.22.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Evolutionary demography is a community of researchers in a range of different disciplines who agree that “nothing in evolution makes sense except in the light of demography” (Carey and Vaupel 2005). My focus here is a subset of this research (henceforth ‘evolutionary demography’ or ‘evolutionary anthropology’) that originated in anthropology in the late 1970s and which typically examines micro-level phenomena concerning reproductive decision-making and the evolutionary processes generating observed patterns in reproductive variation. Scholars in this area tend to be more involved in long-term anthropological fieldwork than any other area of the evolutionary sciences. But card-carrying anthropologists are declining among their number as researchers increasingly come from other backgrounds in the biological and social sciences, with an associated decline in the contribution of ethnographic work. Most practitioners identify with the sub-field of human behavioral ecology – the application of sociobiological principles to human behavior – and distinguish themselves from the sister fields of evolutionary psychology and cultural evolution. Human behavioral ecology has been criticized for abstracting away the details of both culture and psychology in its focus on adaptive explanations of reproductive behavior, and for its commitment to ultimate over proximate causation. This chapter explores these critiques. Inspired by EA Hammel’s seminal paper “A theory of culture for demography” (Hammel 1990), I examine how the culture concept is used in evolutionary research. Like Hammel, I argue that a theory of culture for evolutionary demography requires engaging more seriously with (and in) ethnographic work. I highlight some challenging examples to motivate discussion about adaptive reproduction and natural fertility. Going further, I advocate for cultural evolution as an integrative framework for bringing both culture and psychology into the core of evolutionary demography research. This will involve expanding our theoretical and conceptual toolkits: (1) building and testing proximate mechanistic models, (2) delineating and evaluating causal claims at multiple levels of analysis and time scales, and (3) exploring co-evolution or feedback between demography and culture.
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Thakoor, Priyankka N., and Dr Arvind Kakulte. "FUTURISTIC TRENDS IN PSYCHOLOGY." In Futuristic Trends in Social Sciences Volume 3 Book 28, 124–30. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3baso28ch15.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The future of psychology presents a landscape plat formed towards significant advancements, merging psychological therapies with cutting-edge elements like Artificial Intelligence, spiritual beliefs, and cyber psychology. Novel treatment approaches, including gene-editing technology, show immense promise in preventing genetically rooted psychological disorders. Additionally, the field anticipates extensive research exploring the impact of climate change on mental health, paving the way for adaptive therapies. The growing connection between psychological and physiological facets indicates a rich area for exploration in cardiac behavioral psychology, offering potential lifespan benefits for patients with heart conditions. This chapter encapsulates the evolving trends set to shape the trajectory of psychology, highlighting the integration of diverse yet intricate disciplines for a comprehensive understanding of human behavior and well-being.
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Collier, Gary, Henry L. Minton, and Graham Reynolds. "Introduction." In Currents of Thought in American Social Psychology, 3–15. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195061291.003.0001.
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Abstract Many of the problems of social psychology are based on definition. Social psychology has been defined so broadly that it includes virtually all of psychology and the social sciences as well. John Dewey (1917), for ex ample, in an address before the American Psychological Association in 1917 distinguished two types of psychological pro cesses-physiological and social. Physiological processes include elementary drives and sensations, whereas the greater part of our mental life, our beliefs, our ideas, and our desires, were seen as socially derived.
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Risse, Mathias. "Nietzschean ‘Animal Psychology’ versus Kantian Ethics." In Nietzsche and Morality, 57–82. Oxford University PressOxford, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199285938.003.0004.
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Abstract Characterizing the Genealogy as an exercise in ‘animal psychology’ (GM III, 20), Nietzsche pays tribute to the extraordinary cultural impact of the biological sciences, in particular physiology and evolutionary biology, in the second half of the nineteenth century. While much of his mature thinking applies physiological considerations to traditional philosophical problems, he is especially eager to explain in this manner the development of Christian morality and of what he took to be theories derived from it (Kantian ethics and utilitarianism), as well as the development of the kind of person persuaded by such morality.
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Çömez Polat, Filiz. "Poverty and Social Psychology: The Importance of Integrative Manner." In Quality of Life Modifiers Due to Biological, Psychological, and Societal Factors [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95833.
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As one of the most important social problems in the world, poverty has been studied by various disciplines. Although poverty is a basic subject of economics, it has also become one of the prominent research fields of social sciences in recent years. Poverty also relates to many psychological processes and mechanisms just as in the other social problems in the world. It is assumed that the social-psychological approach to poverty may contribute to establishing different road maps in combating poverty. Therefore this study aims at contributing to poverty reduction efforts from the social-psychological point of view by providing an integrative review of the social psychological correlates of poverty based on the empirical findings. Also, by including arguments such as social identity, migration, ideology and social context in poverty studies to be conducted with a social psychological perspective, a contribution can be made to poverty reduction with multidimensional research methods.
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"Changes in Psychology, Chaos Theory, and Complexity Theory in the Last 25 Years." In Chaos and Nonlinear Psychology, edited by David Schuldberg, Ruth Richards, and Shan Guisinger, 165–83. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190465025.003.0009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this chapter, Dr. Stanley Krippner, in a conversation with the editors, recalls important trends he has witnessed and some he has predicted. Of particular significance is that contrary to his prediction in his key/landmark 1994 paper that the chaos revolution in biological and physical sciences would soon progress to social science, there has been an evident delay in this progress. However, more signs of change are finally appearing across scholarship and methodologies. Dr. Krippner also addresses a plethora of topics including NDS in waking and dreaming states, creative discoveries emanating from normal and altered consciousness (including twilight states), archetypes and attractors, free will, films and media that portray NDS phenomena, Newtonian thinking and needed departures from it, epidemics including Ebola and COVID-19, and more. As an expert on shamanism, he takes the reader beyond Western knowledge to contemplate cross-cultural views.
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Al-Busaidi, Said Saud. "Interdisciplinary Relationships Between Medicine and Social Sciences." In Healthcare Policy and Reform, 102–15. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6915-2.ch005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of medical science is treating and preventing diseases. The development of medical sciences has been influenced by developments taking place in other sciences including social sciences. Sciences including physical sciences, biological sciences or social sciences interact with each other. The interaction takes place between sciences in each category and between sciences from different categories. However, there are very few studies that deal specifically with the interaction of medicine with social sciences. As both have to work together because of the human complex nature as a result some authors considered medicine itself as a social science, thus creating an interdisciplinary environment that hosts both medicine and social sciences. This chapter reviews the complex interdisciplinarity between medicine and a number of social sciences, including anthropology, psychology, sociology, political sciences and economy.
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Chiao, Joan Y., and Katherine D. Blizinsky. "Cultural Neuroscience." In The Handbook of Culture and Psychology, 695–723. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190679743.003.0021.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cultural neuroscience is a research field that investigates the mutual influences of cultural and biological sciences on human behavior. Research in cultural neuroscience demonstrates cultural influences on the neurobiological mechanisms of processes of the mind and behavior. Culture tunes the structure and functional organization of the mind and the nervous system, including processes of emotion, cognition, and social behavior. Environmental and developmental approaches play an important role in the emergence and maintenance of culture. Culture serves as an evolutionary adaptation, protecting organisms from environmental conditions across geography. Cultural variation in the human mind, brain, and behavior serves to build and reinforce culture throughout the life course. This chapter examines the theoretical, methodological, and empirical foundations of cultural neuroscience and its implications for research in population health disparities and global mental health.
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Ghazlane, Imane, Bouzekri Touri, Mohamed Bergadi, and Khalid Marnoufi. "THE DESIGN OF THE RESEARCH METHOD IN GRADUATE RESEARCH WORK." In Advances in Psychology and Psychological Trends, 289–99. inScience Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021pad26.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Regardless of the discipline or institution in which scientific research will be conducted, the "method» is present. It remains fundamental of all research work that can inevitably affect problem-solving, development of the nation, and threaten quality of life. This is an exploratory study on research methods used in graduation projects in the following disciplines (health sciences, engineering, biological and agronomic sciences, and social sciences). The method used in this work is based on:(a) semi-structured survey by interviewing supervisors of final dissertations and theses in different selected disciplines (b) systematic analysis of the fifty-research work of graduate students. The works obtained from the libraries of the University Hassan II of Casablanca in different disciplines, submitted between 2014 and 2018. The parts of the empirical phase were analyzed, according to the processes and concepts of each discipline, to highlight the elements of the research method. The findings indicated the influence of the national scientific production by the design of the research method. The data collection and analysis are the sections that may affect the integrity of the research method. Our contribution is to remedy the standardization of the method and adapting it to the contexts of the needs of different disciplines.
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Arshiya Fathima, S. "THE INTEGRATED VIEW OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT." In Futuristic Trends in Social Sciences Volume 3 Book 15, 118–24. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3beso15p4ch1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper presents an integrated view of human development that transcends traditional compartmentalization of biological, psychological, social, and cultural factors. Recognizing the intricate interplay between these dimensions, our approach seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of the dynamic processes that shape individuals from infancy to old age. By synthesizing insights from diverse fields such as neuroscience, psychology, sociology, and anthropology, we aim to construct a framework that elucidates the interconnected nature of developmental influences. An integrated view of human development refers to a holistic approach that considers the multifaceted aspects of individual growth and maturation across the lifespan. An integrated view of human development also acknowledges the ethical implications of development choices and actions, and seeks to promote the dignity, rights and capabilities of every person and group.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Social sciences -> psychology -> biological/physiological psychology"
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Stephens, Christopher, Dagmara Wrzecionkowska, Estefanía Espitia-Bautista, Roland Díaz-Loving, and Gabriela Contreras. "The Conductome – A New Paradigm for Understanding Human Behaviour." In International Association of Cross Cultural Psychology Congress. International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4087/lgnw9526.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As almost every major problem that humankind faces is a consequence of human behaviour, predicting behaviour and behaviour change is fundamental. Given the multitude of factors that affect our decision making, a transdisciplinary understanding of behaviour is impossible without the integration of data that crosses disciplinary boundaries. The concept of Conduct-“ome” is an analog of those holistic –“omic”-approaches found in the biological sciences which take a “totality of factors” approach, and provides a framework for studying human behaviour in a multifactorial, multidisciplinary context, accounting for a wealth of potential causes of behaviour, from the genetic and epigenetic to psychological, neurological, social, physiological, clinical, socio-economic, socio-demographic, socio-political and ethical factors. Conductome, as opposed to behaviour-ome, is used, as it directly addresses the “whys” (causes) of the considered behaviour. We argue that behaviour can only be understood probabilistically, through a process of statistical inference that constructs P(A|X), the probability for a conduct A conditioned on the large set of factors, X, that predict it. This inference process can be based on an “external” ensemble of objective, countable events, using a frequentist interpretation of probabilities, or on an “internal” ensemble, implicit in our mental models and based on a Bayesian interpretation. Including both these approaches allows one to compare objective, observable reality with the subjective perception of reality constructed within a mental model, allowing for the identification of discrepancies between the two in the form of cognitive biases. A key component for constructing the Conductome is the obtention of data that transcends disciplines that can be used to link a range of relevant behaviours as internal and external effects to their causes. A second component is the use of advanced modelling tools, such as machine learning, for the analysis of such multi-scale data and the construction of explicit prediction models for a given conduct. In this article, the feasibility of the Conductome approach is illustrated by considering obesity-related behaviours; as obesity has become one of the key social problems that affects a growing segment of the population worldwide. In summary: The objective is to understand, interpret and provide an interdisciplinary, computational, and data-based framework for generating prediction models for addressing problems that originate in human behaviour.
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NEZHMETDINOVA, Farida, Sergey YAKHIN, Nail ADIGAMOV, and Damir KHALIULLIN. "DUAL-USE RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY OF CONCERN: INCREASE OF RISKS IN MODERN LIFE SCIENCE AND GLOBALIZATION OF BIOETHICS." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.210.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Modern life sciences represent the sphere of natural and exact sciences, which include scientific research of living organisms such as microorganisms, plants, animals and human beings. For example modern biology spreads quickly in such spheres as robotics, computer systems, psychology, linguistics and different social subjects, giving rise to new promising directions and interdisciplinary spheres. At the same time a number of researchers mark that technical-technological possibilities of changing fundamental basics of existence of humans and nature are being created. The article based on the analysis of tendencies of development of the technology and recent discussions about dual- use research and technology of concern, justifies the increasing role of bioethics. Of particular concern is received wide spread production and use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), carrying a serious risk for human and animal health, biological diversity on the planet. This requires special mechanisms and prevention, such as humanitarian expertise and bioethics. This is due to the fact that the high rate and intensity of development of science and technology have created conditions of uncertainty, lead to increased risks to life and human welfare, the sustainable development of society and nature. It has been suggested that regulation of these risks at the global level, which in turn emphasizes the growing global nature of bioethics.
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Sjörs Dahlman, Anna, Kåre Karlsson, Stefan Candefjord, and Anna Anund. "Validation of a one-item acute stress scale for driving tasks." In 15th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2024). AHFE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1005230.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Emergency personnel, such as ambulance crews and firefighters, must perform well both mentally and physically during emergency responses around the clock. The opportunity for recovery and rest is often limited during their shifts. This can lead to an increased risk of fatigue and perceived stress during emergency responses, which also increases the risk of traffic accidents. Stress has been identified as a contributing factor to road crashes due to its negative impact on driving performance [1-3]. Stress increases the crash risk by affecting cognitive abilities, resulting in inadequate information processing and imperfect perception which may, in turn, lead to deterioration of driver performance [4]. Physiological measurements can be used to detect driver stress but there is also a need for subjective ratings scales that are easy to use in a driving setting. Driver sleepiness is often measured with the 9-point one-item Karolinska Sleepiness Scale [5] but there is no equivalent measure of acute driver stress. In this study we investigated if a one-item stress scale could be used to measure acute driver stress in an ambulance simulator. The VTI acute stress scale (VSS) was developed to quantify perceived stress. The 9 verbal anchors are designed to match the verbal anchors of the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS). The VSS anchors are: 1 completely relaxed (feeling entirely calm and relaxed), 2 very relaxed, 3 relaxed, 4 rather relaxed, 5 neither relaxed nor stressed, 6 slightly stressed, 7 stressed (feeling some tension and pressure), 8 very stressed, 9 extremely stressed (feeling very tense and under high pressure, on the verge of what I can handle).A simulator trial was conducted with ambulance driving scenarios designed to induce various stress levels in emergency response personnel. Each participant performed three simulator tasks: task A was a low-stress routine drive, task B was a medium-stress urgent callout, task C was a high-stress emergency response. The tasks were counterbalanced between participants. The participants completed a questionnaire with questions about task load (NASA-TLX), stress (9-point VSS scale), and sleepiness (9-point KSS scale) after each drive.Participants (33 men and 16 women) were recruited among ambulance personnel and emergency response personnel in western Sweden. Data collections took place at two different ambulance stations on five different occasions in 2022. The study protocol was approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (ref 2021-04352). Forty-eight drivers had VSS ratings from all three drives. The mean ratings were A=3.17 (SD 1.58, range 1-7), B=3.77 (SD 1.59, range 1-6), and C=4.65 (SD 1.77, range 1-7). An ANOVA with task (A, B, C) as a fixed factor and participant as a random factor showed that there was a significant difference in VSS ratings between tasks (F=22.9, p<0.001, η2=0.330). Post-hoc tests (TukeyHSD) showed that task A had significantly lower rating than task B (p=0.021) and task C (p<0.001) and task B had significantly lower ratings than task C (p<0.001). The stress ratings were moderate throughout the trials, with no ratings above 7 on the 9-point scale. This could be due to simulator scenarios not being perceived as equally stressful as real-life emergency driving situations. The VSS was significantly correlated with NASA-TLX subscales mental demand (r=0.606), physical demand (r=0.419), temporal demand (r=0.605), performance (r=0.313), effort (r=0.541), and frustration (r=0.553). These medium correlations show that the VSS acute stress score is related to but not identical to workload. In conclusion, the VSS can be used to measure acute driver stress in moderately stressful driving conditions.This study was funded by a grant from the strategic vehicle research and innovation (FFI) program at Sweden’s Innovation Agency (VINNOVA), grant number 2020-05157, and through the SUAB project financed by the European Social Fund, grant number 2020/00110.1.Mou, L., et al., Driver stress detection via multimodal fusion using attention-based CNN-LSTM. Expert Systems with Applications, 2021. 173: p. 114693.2.Rastgoo, M.N., et al., A critical review of proactive detection of driver stress levels based on multimodal measurements. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), 2018. 51(5): p. 1-35.3.Beanland, V., et al., Driver inattention and driver distraction in serious casualty crashes: Data from the Australian National Crash In-depth Study. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2013. 54: p. 99-107.4.Wiberg, H., et al., Physiological responses related to moderate mental load during car driving in field conditions. Biological psychology, 2015. 108: p. 115-125.5.Åkerstedt, T. and M. Gillberg, Subjective and Objective Sleepiness in the Active Individual International Journal of Neuroscience, 1990. 52(1-2): p. 29-37.