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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Social rights in agriculture"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 11 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Social rights in agriculture"

1

NUNES, FRANCIVALDO ALVES. "ACESSO ဠTERRA, PROPRIEDADE E AGRICULTURA EM NÚCLEOS COLONIAIS DA AMAZá”NIA OITOCENTISTA." Outros Tempos: Pesquisa em Foco - História 14, no. 23 (June 26, 2017): 129–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18817/ot.v14i23.572.

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Анотація:
A proposta deste artigo é compreender como os agentes públicos concebiam a concessão de direitos de propriedade sobre a terra nas colônias agrá­colas na Amazônia do século XIX. Mostraremos que a concessão do direito de utilização da terra, ou seja, a garantia legal da permanência de colonos nos seus direitos á utilização dos recursos fundiários estava condicionada á ocupação regular da terra e á agricultura. Apoiados nos relatórios e correspondências da administração provincial, destacaremos que as colônias eram representadas como espaços modelares em que se observa a polá­tica governamental de institucionalização de direitos de propriedade sobre a terra, subordinada a uma disciplina do trabalho agrá­cola. Esta relação é representada como uma estratificação social, reconhecendo á partida aos colonos, o estatuto social de agricultores autônomos, detentores de propriedade individual, ainda que condicionada. Por último, identificamos exemplos de dificuldades de implantação, conflito e resistência a essa disciplina, representadas nos discursos oficiais. Palavras-chave: Colônias Agrá­colas. Direitos de Propriedade. Amazônia do Século XIX.ACCESS TO THE LAND, PROPERTY AND AGRICULTURE IN COLONIAL NUCLEI OF THE AMAZON OF THE XIX CENTURYAbstract: The purpose of this article is the understanding of how public agents conceived the concession of property rights over land in agricultural colonies in the nineteenth century Amazon. It will be demonstrated that the granting of the right to use land, that is, the legal guarantee of the colonists' permanence in their rights to the use of the land resources was conditional on the regular occupation of land and agriculture. Based on reports and correspondence from the provincial administration, it will be pointed out that the colonies were represented as model spaces in which the governmental policy of institutionalizing property rights over land, subordinated to a discipline of agricultural work, were observed. This relationship is represented as a social stratification, recognizing to the colonists the social status of autonomous farmers, holders of individual property although conditioned. Finally, we identify examples of difficulties of implantation, conflict and resistance to this discipline, represented in official speeches. Keywords: Agricultural Colonies. Property Rights. Amazon of the XIX Century. ACCESO A LA TIERRA, PROPIEDAD Y AGRICULTURA EN NÚCLEOS COLONIALES DE LA AMAZONIA OCHOCENTISTAResumen: El propósito de este artá­culo es entender cómo los funcionarios públicos vieron la concesión de los derechos de propiedad de la tierra en colonias agrá­colas en la Amazonia del siglo XIX. Demostraremos que la concesión del derecho de uso de la tierra, es decir, la garantá­a legal de la permanencia de colonos en sus derechos de uso de los recursos de la tierra estaba condicionada a la ocupación regular de la tierra y a la agricultura. Con base en los informes y correspondencias de la administración provincial, destacamos que las colonias eran representadas como zonas modelo donde se observa la polá­tica gubernamental de institucionalización de derechos de propiedad sobre la tierra, sujeta a una disciplina del trabajo agrá­cola. Esta relación se representa como una estratificación social, reconociendo la partida a los colonos, el estatuto social de los agricultores autónomos, poseedores de propiedad individual, aunque condicionada. Por último, identificamos ejemplos de las dificultades de implantación, conflicto y resistencia a esta disciplina, representadas en los discursos oficiales.Palabras clave: Colonias Agrá­colas. Derechos de Propiedad. Amazonia del siglo XIX.
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2

Fakhri, Michael. "Human Rights Principles for Trade." AJIL Unbound 116 (2022): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aju.2022.16.

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Анотація:
Most trade scholars treat agriculture as a commodity, and in a sense, agriculture workers and their technological replacements as commodities as well. From a food sovereignty perspective, however, agriculture is part of a food system and what is at stake in trade law is people's way of life. Peasants' and Indigenous peoples’ (and workers’) resistance against the World Trade Organization (WTO) has been an existential struggle. Most trade law scholars, with notable exceptions, have ignored social movements’ demands, including their call to end the WTO. By in effect disregarding the costs and violence of the existing trade system against food producers, trade scholarship makes social movements’ language and political demands less cognizable in international law. In this essay, I provide some context and language that may encourage trade law scholars to engage with the food sovereignty movement. I first explain what is at stake in trade law for the food sovereignty movements. I then briefly describe the underlying three pillars supporting the Agreement on Agriculture, and highlight the limits of trade law. I conclude by offering three principles—dignity, self-sufficiency, and solidarity—that could open trade law to wider perspectives. These principles blur the line between trade and the right to food in order to ensure that neither one is dominant nor an “other.”
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Fakhri, Michael. "Human Rights Principles for Trade." AJIL Unbound 116 (2022): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aju.2022.16.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
Most trade scholars treat agriculture as a commodity, and in a sense, agriculture workers and their technological replacements as commodities as well. From a food sovereignty perspective, however, agriculture is part of a food system and what is at stake in trade law is people's way of life. Peasants' and Indigenous peoples’ (and workers’) resistance against the World Trade Organization (WTO) has been an existential struggle. Most trade law scholars, with notable exceptions, have ignored social movements’ demands, including their call to end the WTO. By in effect disregarding the costs and violence of the existing trade system against food producers, trade scholarship makes social movements’ language and political demands less cognizable in international law. In this essay, I provide some context and language that may encourage trade law scholars to engage with the food sovereignty movement. I first explain what is at stake in trade law for the food sovereignty movements. I then briefly describe the underlying three pillars supporting the Agreement on Agriculture, and highlight the limits of trade law. I conclude by offering three principles—dignity, self-sufficiency, and solidarity—that could open trade law to wider perspectives. These principles blur the line between trade and the right to food in order to ensure that neither one is dominant nor an “other.”
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4

Williams, Gwyn. "Cosmopolitanism and the French Anti-GM Movement." Nature and Culture 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2008): 115–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/nc.2008.030108.

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Анотація:
This paper explores the rights-based cosmopolitanism of French anti-GM activists and their challenge to the neoliberal cosmopolitanism of the World Trade Organization and multinational corporations. Activists argue that genetic modification, patents, and WTO-brokered free trade agreements are the means by which multinationals deny people fundamental rights and seek to dominate global agriculture. Through forms of protest, which include cutting down field trials of genetically modified crops, activists resist this agenda of domination and champion the rights of farmers and nations to opt out of the global agricultural model promoted by biotechnology companies. In so doing, they defend the local. This defense, however, is based on a cosmopolitan discourse of fundamental rights and the common good. I argue that activists' cosmopolitan perspective does not transcend the local but is intimately related to a particular understanding of it.
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5

Hudečková, H., and M. Lošťák. "Social capital in the change of the Czech agriculture." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 49, No. 7 (March 2, 2012): 301–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5402-agricecon.

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Анотація:
The paper continues the debate over the nature and the role of social capital in the Czech agriculture. This issue is not marginal because social capital is also emphasized in the Czech SAPARD Plan. The paper develops the thoughts of J. Chloupková and C. Bjřrnskov published in this journal in their paper “Could social capital help Czech agriculture?” (No. 6 in 2002). Differing form mentioned authors, this paper coins dual nature of understanding social capital. This understanding forms the background of the concept of social capital in the works of French sociologist P. Bourdieu. Dual concept of social capital interconnects the most often use of understanding social capital as coined by such authors like R. Putnam or J. Coleman (social capital is understood as supra-personal collective element enabling the co-ordination of activities of free individuals with equal rights thus enabling the effective operation of certain system as a collective entity) with understanding of social capital related to social status of an individual which creates the hierarchies related to power thus enabling an individual to achieve his/her goals. Using empirical data and the case study, the paper outlines the application of dual understanding of social capital in the analysis of some processes in the Czech farming. Dual concept of social capital enables to explain some circumstances, which might be in the case of one-way orientation of understanding social capital presented in rather simplified way (e.g. if and what form of social capital was weak or destroyed in the Czech agriculture and which continues to exist). This fact is documented through the case study of the changes inside large-scale farms and outside these farms (in the field of their external relations). This study documents the presence of both forms (dual concept) of social capital. Similarly, the dual concept of social capital is used in the analysis of social structure of the Czech agriculture. It is done in the comparison with the model of agriculture in European Union and in the projections into the questions of the action of actors in agriculture.  
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6

Chilwalo, Michelo. "Multinational Corporations: Corporate Social Responsibility versus Environmental Problems." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 17 (June 29, 2016): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n17p241.

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Анотація:
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a subject of major concern and discussion in today’s world. The need for the local people to benefit from their resources is a noble gesture, which those involved in extracting their resources should uphold if poverty is to be addressed among millions affected by the scourge. This paper aimed to understand Multinational Corporation’s (MNCs) role in promoting CSRvis-à-visenvironmental problems arising from their operations in selected parts of the world. The study mainly generated and used qualitative data through desk review of literature on MNCs involved in agriculture, logging, pharmaceuticals and extractive industries such as minerals, gas and oil. The study revealed that hitherto, local people’s needs have remained unheededby MNCs, their rights are being violated and their environments have undergone irreparable damages. The realisation of all human rights: civil and political rights, social, economic and cultural rights, and the collective-developmental rights, the right to the clean environment, which every nation involved in any economic activity should achieve have been elusive in communities which are richly endowed with natural resources at the expense of profit maximisation by the MNCs in a bid to further enhance their economic might. This has resulted in massive suffering for the locals where MNCs operate or have abandoned their activities after depleting the resources without leaving any tangible infrastructure such as clinics, schools, roads, recreation facilities, and piped water.
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7

Anggrahita, Hayuning, and Guswandi Guswandi. "Keragaman Fungsi dan Bentuk Spasial Pertanian Kota (Studi Kasus: Pertanian Kota di Jakarta)." Jurnal Wilayah dan Lingkungan 6, no. 3 (December 31, 2018): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jwl.6.3.148-163.

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Анотація:
Urbanization in Jakarta encourages the conversion of agricultural land and other green open spaces into built-up areas. Agriculture sector is being marginalized and its contribution is only 0.1% of the economy of Jakarta. Previous studies showed that regardless of its fewer contribution, Jakarta's agriculture persistence takes place due to single to multiple functional transformations especially from staple food production to diverse functions such as environmental, cultural, property rights protection functions, etc. This study aims to identify agricultural multi-functionality in Jakarta. This research uses descriptive quantitative analysis method which is deepened with qualitative analysis through the interview and scientific photography technique to represent physical and social reality in the field. The results indicate that Jakarta’s agriculture is scattered due to urbanization pressure. In addition, Jakarta's agriculture is transformed through the creation of new urban values which demonstrate the ability of urban agriculture to survive.
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8

Soeparno, Koentjoro, and Budi Andayani. "Social and Climate Change: Impact on Human Behavior." ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal 30, no. 1 (October 25, 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.24123/aipj.v30i1.531.

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Анотація:
The nature of social change occurs at the center of human consciousness and based on a commitment, it cannot be reversed, rejected, or canceled (Vago, 2004). Therefore, there are economic and political orders as a result of conflict of ideologies within society. Historically, global social change is caused by the Industrial Revolution and Ideology and Gender Revolution. The invention of telegraph was the beginning of globalization, identified by the 4T revolution (Telecommunications, Transport, Tourism and Transparency). The revolution in agriculture, mining, manufacturing and industry results changes in lifestyle and exploitation of natural resources that can cause climate change. The second source of social change is the revolution of ideology and gender. When colonialism, slavery and deprivation of human rights occurred, the movement to struggle for human rights as its counterculture appeared, resulting in 1980 the pro-human right movement products. The sexual revolution in the 1960s in the USA demanded for equal rights between men and women. The 1975 UNFPA population convention held in Cairo have made an agreement to restrict population growth using contraception, resulting later-on the concept that sex is no longer for reproductive purpose but for recreation. People’s lifestyle has changed since then.
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9

Corcione, Elena. "Disconnecting agricultural workers’ exploitation from migration policies: a trend towards a business and human rights approach in the European Union." European Law Open 1, no. 3 (September 2022): 699–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/elo.2022.37.

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AbstractSeasonal migrants’ exploitation in Europe, especially in agriculture, is often seen as having its origins in failure of migration or labour policies. Indeed, the virtual impossibility to enter a country as a regular non-European Union (EU) worker coupled with the needs of agricultural work, requiring low-skilled workforce and short time notice for recruitment, generates a perfect environment for exploitation and the related phenomenon of gangmastering. However, work exploitation in agriculture is nowadays a structural problem, requiring structural changes in the way food is produced and intended by the agri-food supply chain as a whole. Indeed, a truly preventative approach needs not only to protect seasonal migrants from human rights violations, but also to involve agribusiness in tackling the root causes of migrants’ exploitation. Building on international standards on business and human rights, the aim of this contribution is to propose a more holistic view of the phenomenon workers exploitation in agriculture. Recent European policies seem to have understood this need, calling enterprises and farmers to bear their responsibility by introducing an accountability discourse for the agribusiness and the food supply chain, either indirectly or directly. The new social conditionality clause in the Common Agricultural Policy, the Directive on Unfair Practices in Agriculture and the recent Commission proposal for a Directive on mandatory human rights due diligence should therefore be read in conjunction with major developments in international law that call for the responsibility of powerful private actors operating in agri-food sector.
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Sklar, Richard L. "Reds and Rights Zimbabwe’s Experiment." Issue 14 (1985): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047160700505915.

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In this day and age, Marxism-Leninism is the leading and least parochial theory of social revolution in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. It strongly appeals to intellectuals who believe that capitalist imperialism in “neocolonial” forms perpetuates social injustice on a world scale; and that a “conscious minority’ ‘ or vanguard of the downtrodden should establish a “developmental dictatorship” dedicated to the pursuit of economic and social progress. Since the death of Mao Zedong and the subsequent repudiation of his economic theories in China, collectivism as an economic strategy has been reassessed and found wanting in other countries whose leaders are disposed to learn from China. For example, in the People’s Republic of the Congo, where collectivist methods, inspired by Marxism-Leninism have been discarded in favor of entrepreneurial methods, the minister of agriculture has said simply, “Marxism without revenue is Marxism without a future.”
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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Social rights in agriculture"

1

Goodwin, Joy Noel. "KNOWLEDGE AND PERCEPTIONS OF AGRICULTURE PRACTICES AND LEGISLATION RELATED TO SOCIAL INFLUENCES AS PREDICTORS OF VOTING ON AGRICULTURE POLICY." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1274705418.

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2

Hanisch, Markus [Verfasser]. "Property Reform and Social Conflict : A Multi-Level Analysis of the Change of Agricultural Property Rights in Post-Socialist Bulgaria / Markus Hanisch." Aachen : Shaker, 2004. http://d-nb.info/1170541283/34.

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3

Luck, Kelly. "Contested rights : the impact of game farming on farm workers in the Bushmen's River area." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004144.

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This thesis is an investigation of the impact of commercial game farming on former farm workers in the Bushman's River area of the Eastern Cape. In its examination of the broader economic and political changes that have facilitated a move from agriculture to game farming, it analyses how these changes affect farm workers. The main concern of the thesis is the ways in which farm workers (at the local level) respond to changes at the national and global level (legal and political changes, the advent of tourism, and the injection of foreign capital and businessmen into the area). Lack of knowledge about their rights under the current political dispensation, as well as the perceived need for mediation between themselves and foreign landowners, points to a general sense of powerlessness. Feelings of alienation from local government structures aimed at fulfilling this function indicate a significant gap between the statute at the national level and the local reality. Local reality is informed by a strong conservatism which is generated by African Independent Church structures and local Xhosa perceptions of manhood and respectability. This conservative discourse leads to a frame of reference which is largely informed by pre-1994 interactions with farmers and government. This results in a situation in which farm workers, largely unaware of their rights in the new dispensation, operate as they did in the past; waiting for landowners to decide their fate for them. What ensues is a lack of meaningful interaction with government and landowners, perpetuating their subjugation and cynicism as to whether government structures are in fact working in their interests. The thesis comes to three main conclusions. The first is that game farming has been negatively received by farm workers due to the associated threats of unemployment and eviction. The second is that despite high levels of subjugation, even the very poor are agents to some degree. The creation of a masculine identity which is internally articulated, as opposed to outwardly expressed, and the grounding of reputation in the family suggest that farm workers have developed mechanisms to deal with their disempowered position. Lastly, farm workers are in possession of social capital which has made it possible for them to deal with their low status in the societal hierarchy. This includes the Church, family and fellow community members. These coping strategies have however proved a disadvantage in the current era because they prevent direct communication with landowners, government and NGOs.
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4

Vinez, Margaux. "Terres et agriculture en milieu forestier : essais sur des politiques historique et contemporaine en République Démocratique du Congo : rumble in the jungle." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH027.

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En Afrique sub-saharienne, l’insécurité foncière associée aux régimes de droits fonciers dits “coutumiers” ainsi que la sous-utilisation d’intrants modernes sont deux facteurs souvent évoqués comme limitant le potentiel agricole de l’Afrique. Sur cette base, les décideurs politiques ont pensé et mis en place des interventions visant à individualiser le droit de la terre et à promouvoir l’adoption d’intrants améliorés. Cette thèse utilise des données originales collectées en République Démocratique du Congo pour étudier deux exemples de politiques publiques s’inscrivant dans cette lignée et mises en oeuvre à 50 ans d’intervalle. Elle montre qu’elles ont eu des implications de court terme et de longterme allant bien au delà de celles qui sont généralement attendues. Les deux premiers chapitres s’intéressent à une politique mise en oeuvre durant la dernière décennie de la colonisation belge qui entraîna l’individualisation de terres communales et leur allocation à des familles individuelles. Ils utilisent une expérience naturelle pour étudier ses implications sur les structures sociales et les mécanismes coutumiers de résolution des conflits. Le troisième chapitre s’intéresse à une politique récente de subvention d’intrants agricoles. En utilisant une expérience aléatoire, il montre que l’intervention a conduit à une augmentation de l’utilisation de semences améliorées, et analyse ses conséquences sur les décisions d’allocation des ressources en terre et en travail par les ménages
Contending that tenure insecurity under informal “customary” land institutions and theunder-utilization of modern inputs are two important factors holding back sub-SaharanAfrican agriculture, policy makers have designed policies to shift communal rights towardmore individualization and formalization, and to promote the adoption of improved inputs.This doctoral thesis uses an original database to explore two examples of such policiesthat took place 50 years apart in the Democratic Republic of Congo. It shows that theyhad short-term and long-term implications far beyond those commonly expected. The firsttwo Chapters focus on an intervention by the Belgian Colony that took place during thelast decade of colonization. It led to the division of communal land and its allocation toindividual families. Using a natural experiment, they study its consequences for socialstructures and customary conflict resolution mechanisms. The third Chapter focuses on arecent agricultural input subsidies intervention. It uses an experimental design to show that the subsidies successfully increased the use of improved seeds, and analyses its implications for households’ labor and land allocation
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5

Matondi, Prosper Bvumiranayi. "The struggle for access to land and water resources in Zimbabwe : the case of Shamva district /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2001. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2001/91-576-5805-6_abstract+errata.pdf.

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6

Mitchell, Leslie Roy. "Discourse and the oppression of nonhuman animals: a critical realist account." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003951.

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Анотація:
This work examines the use of nonhuman animals in the farming industry and seeks to understand why this practice takes place and what supports its continuation. The research is approached from a critical realist perspective and after a description of past and current practices in the industry, it uses abduction and retroduction to determine the essential conditions for the continuation of the phenomenon of nonhuman animal farming. One essential condition is found to be the existence of negative discourses relating to nonhuman animals and this aspect is examined in more detail by analyzing a corpus of texts from a farming magazine using Critical Discourse Analysis. Major discourses which were found to be present were those of production, science and slavery which construct the nonhumans respectively as objects of scientific investigation, as production machines and as slaves. A minor discourse of achievement relating to the nonhumans was also present. Further analysis of linguistic features examined the way in which the nonhumans are socially constructed in the discourses. Drawing on work in experimental psychology by Millgram, Zimbardo and Bandura it was found that the effects of these discourses fulfil many of the conditions for bringing about moral disengagement in people thus explaining why billions of people are able to support animal farming in various ways even though what happens in the phenomenon is contrary to their basic ethical and moral beliefs.
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7

Fabre, Cecile. "Constitutional social rights." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339816.

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8

LAPA, Lais de Carvalho. "As antinomias da função social da propriedade rural: as experiências do assentamento Normandia e do acampamento Papagaio na região Agreste de Pernambuco." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/19610.

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A função social da propriedade rural, enquanto direito, princípio e garantia estabelecidos na Constituição Federal de 1988, constitui o conceito central da presente dissertação de mestrado e sua abordagem teve como fundamento a versão contra-hegemônica dos direitos humanos, aqui reconhecida como instrumento de transformação e superação de maneira radicalmente democrática dos conflitos por terra no Brasil. O objetivo geral da pesquisa reside na análise das experiências históricas do Assentamento Normandia e do Acampamento na Fazenda Papagaio - ambos localizados na região Agreste do estado de Pernambuco -, nas quais procuramos identificar as determinações sociojurídicas que conduziram, na primeira, ao reconhecimento da função social da propriedade rural e, na segunda, ao impedimento à sua efetivação enquanto condição que possibilita a expansão da justiça social, ainda que nos marcos de uma sociedade capitalista. Nessa perspectiva, fizemos a opção metodológica pela pesquisa bibliográfica e documental com abordagem qualitativa. Inicialmente, dedicamo-nos ao estudo das principais obras dos autores clássicos do pensamento social brasileiro com a finalidade de compreender os fundamentos históricos da estrutura agrária do Brasil e os níveis elevados de concentração fundiária que a caracterizam. Em seguida, investigamos a regulamentação do conceito de função social da propriedade rural nas cartas magnas brasileiras e no plano jurídico infraconstitucional, bem como os principais debates travados a seu respeito. Construído o quadro teórico, pudemos desenvolver, com maior consistência, a última etapa da presente dissertação, na qual realizamos uma pesquisa documental com base nos processos administrativos e judiciais relativos a cada uma das citadas experiências. Ao final, a pesquisa nos permitiu concluir que o próprio texto constitucional sofre diferentes interpretações, podendo ser instrumentalizado para atender aos interesses da elite agrária brasileira. Assim, se, por um lado, a experiência do Assentamento Normandia revelou a inserção da dimensão social e política do conflito por terra no debate jurídico e o reconhecimento da função social da propriedade rural como instrumento que possibilita a efetivação de um conjunto de direitos fundamentais, por outro, a experiência do Acampamento Papagaio demonstrou a limitação do debate sobre a reforma agrária a uma discussão exclusivamente técnica relativa à (im)produtividade da terra, acabando por gerar uma leitura do dispositivo constitucional que regula a função social da propriedade rural funcional à reprodução da lógica segragacionista imposta pelo direito de propriedade em seu aspeto mais tradicional.
The social function of rural property, as related to rights, principle and guaranty stated in the Federal Constitution of 1988, forms the basis for the central concept of this master degree thesis and its approach had as basement the counter hegemonics version of human rights, here recognized as an instrument of transformation and overcoming in a radical and democratic way of conflicts for land in Brazil. The general aim of this search is the analyses of historic conflicts in Normandia settlement and encampment on Papagaio farm.- both located in rural area of the state of Pernambuco - where we sought to identify the social and juridical determinations that drove, in the first, to the acceptance of social function of rural property and second, to the obstruction to its execution while condition that enables the expansion of social justice, even though in the marks of a capitalist society. Based on these facts, we made the methodological choice of bibliographical and documentary with qualitative approach. Initially, we devoted to the study of the major works of classical authors of the social Brazilian thought with the objective to understand the historical basement of agrarian structure of Brazil and the high levels of landholding concentration that features it. Then, we explored the regulation of the concept of social function of rural property in Brazilian magna-letter and the infra constitutional judicial plan and also the main debates that happened regarded to it. Built the theorist chart, we developed with more consciousness the last stage of this present thesis, in which we got the direction to have a documental search based on judicial and administrative proceedings related to each of the mentioned experiments. Finally, the search let us to deduce that the constitutional text itself admits different interpretations, it can be exploited to attend the interests of Brazilian agrarian elite. So, if by one side the experiment of Normandia settlement revealed the insertion of social dimension and the political conflicts for land in judicial debate and the recognition of social function of rural property as an instrument that enables the execution of a set of fundamental rights, on the other side, the experiment of Papagaio encampment showed the restriction of debate about agrarian reform to an exclusive technical discussion related to the poorness of the land, leading to create a reading of the constitutional apparatus that regulates the social function of functional rural property to the reproduction of logical segregation imposed by the rights of property in its more traditional aspect.
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Dudas, Jeffrey R. "Rights, resentment, and social change : treaty rights in contemporary America /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10719.

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Osburn, Andrew Wesley. "Understanding Weed Species Diversity in Railroad Crossing Rights-of-way." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1574641066802878.

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Книги з теми "Social rights in agriculture"

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Davis, Faye. Legal, economic and social concerns of Saskatchewan farm women. Saskatoon, Sask: Saskatoon Branch of the Women's Legal Education and Action Fund, 1991.

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Centre for Women's Development Studies (New Delhi, India), ed. Peasant women organise for empowerment: The Bankura experiment. New Delhi: Centre for Women's Development Studies, 1989.

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Centre for Women's Development Studies (New Delhi, India), ed. Peasant women organise for empowerment: The Bankura experiment. New Delhi: Centre for Women's Development Studies, 1998.

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Women's Land and Water Rights in Southern Africa. and Coordination Unit for the Rehabilitation of the Environment (Malawi), eds. Report: Exploring the linkages between land rights, food security, HIV/AIDS, trade and sustainable livelihoods in Malawi. Harare: Women's Lands and Water Rights in Southern Africa, 2006.

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1950-, Crabtree John, ed. Construir instituciones: Democracia, desarrollo y desigualdad en el Perú desde 1980. Lima, Perú: Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Fondo Editorial, 2006.

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Os sobreviventes do massacre de Eldorado do Carajás: Um caso de violação do princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana. [Belém, Brazil]: [s.n.], 2006.

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Property reform and social conflict: A multi-level analysis of the change of agricultural property rights in post-socialist Bulgaria. Aachen: Shaker, 2004.

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Mabute-Louie, Bianca. Essential Workers Strike for Their Rights. [Oakland, CA]: Bianca Mabute-Louie, 2020.

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1937-, Mitchell William P., Guillet David 1943-, and Bolin Inge, eds. Irrigation at high altitudes: The social organization of water control systems in the Andes. [Arlington, VA]: Society for Latin American Anthropology, American Anthropological Association, 1993.

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Food tyrants: Fight for your right to healthy food in a toxic world. New York: Skyhorse Pub., 2013.

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Частини книг з теми "Social rights in agriculture"

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Eke, Damian Okaibedi, Schmidt Shilukobo Chintu, and Kutoma Wakunuma. "Towards Shaping the Future of Responsible AI in Africa." In Social and Cultural Studies of Robots and AI, 169–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08215-3_8.

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AbstractArtificial Intelligence (AI) presents unprecedented opportunities for Africa. Increasingly, AI and other emerging technologies are being deployed in African contexts—healthcare, agriculture, sociopolitical processes, businesses and education—in ways that promise to change cultural dynamics. Despite obvious potential good benefits, AI deployment and implementation raise fundamental questions bordering on human rights, fairness, privacy, bias, discrimination, security, climate change and the future of work which highlight the importance of Responsible AI. However, the growing literature on Responsible AI focuses more on contexts in the Global North whereas African contexts are ignored or largely forgotten. This chapter makes an argument to clarify the importance of Responsible AI that considers African contexts, interests, values, fears, hopes and aspirations. It reviews the current and future AI landscape and then makes recommendations on how the discussions on Responsible AI in and for Africa should be shaped.
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Pimbert, Michel. "Reclaiming Diverse Seed Commons Through Food Sovereignty, Agroecology and Economies of Care." In Seeds for Diversity and Inclusion, 21–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89405-4_2.

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AbstractSeed commons—the collective management of seeds and associated knowledge—is a major aim of food sovereignty, that crucial alternative to the dead end of industrialized agriculture. To reclaim the commons, explains Michel Pimbert in this wide-ranging policy analysis, we need to enable community control over growing, trading and consuming food. That will demand mutually supportive transformations in agriculture, economies, rights and political systems towards agroecology, an economics of solidarity, collective notions of property and direct democracy. Drawing on sources such as the Nyéléni Declaration on food sovereignty and the UN Declaration on the Rights of Peasants and Other People Working in Rural Areas, Pimbert outlines a radical approach to seed governance outside the capitalist and patriarchal paradigm. The proposals, while scarcely featuring in global and national fora on seed governance, offer a fresh framework for needed change at a time of social exclusion, poverty and deepening environmental crises.
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Congost, Rosa. "22. The social dynamics of agricultural growth. The example of Catalan emphyteusis in the eighteenth century." In Property Rights, Land Markets and Economic Growth in the European Countryside (13th-20th Centuries), 439–54. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.rurhe-eb.4.00158.

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Pickard, Dona, Mariana Draganova, Albena Nakova, and Emilia Chengelova. "Social Dimensions." In Urban Agriculture, 41–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94743-9_4.

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Kelly, Jerry S. "Rights." In Social Choice Theory, 93–100. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09925-4_10.

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Arango, Rodolfo. "Social Rights." In Encyclopedia of the Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy, 1–6. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6730-0_373-1.

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Shrestha, Anushiya, Dik Roth, and Saroj Yakami. "From Royal Canal to Neglected Canal? Changing Use and Management of a Traditional Canal Irrigation System in Peri-Urban Kathmandu Valley." In Water Security, Conflict and Cooperation in Peri-Urban South Asia, 45–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79035-6_3.

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AbstractIn this chapter we discuss the changing uses and management of a traditional canal irrigation system against the background of processes of urbanization in Kathmandu Valley in Nepal. Until urbanization of Kathmandu Valley took off in the 1980s, the management of stream-fed canal irrigation systems had been a priority of both state agencies and the population that depended on agriculture-based livelihoods. The name rajkulo (royal canal) given to these systems expresses the historical interests of (royal) state actors in canal maintenance and management. Fed by a stream called Mahadev Khola in Dadhikot, a peri-urban village in Kathmandu Valley, Mahadev Khola Rajkulo is such a traditional canal irrigation system. Using an in-depth case study of this system, we analyse the interlinkages of demographic, socio-environmental, economic and local political dynamics with the changing canal uses and management. More specifically, we discuss how and why various actors became associated with, or dissociated from, canal use and management in recent times, and what these processes mean for water access, rights and security. We reflect on the implications of these changes for canal management and canal-related conflicts, against the background of national urban policies that formally aim to conserve agricultural land in Kathmandu Valley, but stimulate urban expansion in practice.
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Mason, S. "Agriculture." In Work Out Social and Economic History GCSE, 26–57. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10295-2_4.

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Dias, João Silva, and Rodomiro Ortiz. "Vegetable Breeding Industry and Property Rights." In Sustainable Agriculture Reviews, 121–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16742-8_5.

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Kallen, Evelyn. "The Human Rights Perspective: International Human Rights." In Social Inequality and Social Injustice, 13–30. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-04427-3_2.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Social rights in agriculture"

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Lukinović, Mario, Larisa Jovanović, and Vladimir Šašo. "CHALLENGES IN MANAGING INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS DURING CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC." In Fourth International Scientific Conference ITEMA Recent Advances in Information Technology, Tourism, Economics, Management and Agriculture. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/itema.2020.239.

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The socio-economic impact of the pandemic on all social spheres is huge, but like any crisis, for some it is an opportunity to create, develop and promote solutions. The coronavirus pandemic has brought many changes. It has forced us all to find new ways of working, interacting and living. The field of intellectual property is particularly affected by the coronavirus pandemic, its strong influence has affected all branches of intellectual property, especially the field of copyright and patents. During the COVID-19 Pandemic, numerous anomalies in the consumption of copyrights were observed, which coincided with the isolation measures, from drastically increased consumption of illegal pirated content via the Internet, especially in countries with lockdown, through a sharp increase of Disney+ and Netflix streaming platform users. The identification of products that have the word Corona in their name – in their trademark, with the virus has led to a sharp drop in consumption of some products, but also to increased sales of others. The pharmaceutical industry has invested huge funds in the fight against this global challenge, especially in the field of treatment of viruses, new drugs for the prevention, as well as finding a vaccine against COVID-19. This paper discusses the challenges faced by the management of intellectual property rights and potential response measures.
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Sutrisno, Endang, Junaedi Junaedi, and Nina Nur Ainy Syarief. "The Protection of Rights to Healthcare for People with Mental Illness in Stocks in the Era of National Health Insurance." In International Conference on Agriculture, Social Sciences, Education, Technology and Health (ICASSETH 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200402.063.

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Özkan, Gürsel. "Judicial Review of Cumulative Impact Assessment." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c11.02273.

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In our country, there is not any domestic or international regulation regarding assessment of cumulative impacts of air pollution caused by thermal power stations in the region or environment in where the station is established. According to the Article 56 of the Constitution, everyone has the right to live in a healthy and balanced environment and it is the duty of the State and citizens to protect the environmental rights. These rights include right to live in an environment which is protected and is not damaged or polluted, in addition to social and cultural development, and the efficient use of national resources for in particular the rapid, balanced and harmonious development of industry and agriculture throughout the country, which is stated in the Article 166 of the Constitution. Cumulative impact assessment is evaluation of the effects caused by the combined results of a project or a certain project action and foreseeable past, current and future human actions. Cumulative impact assessment of thermal power stations could be possible with the determination of the combined effects of existing and licensed power stations while licensing process of a new stations. There should be an assessment regarding the place, location and type of other power stations which are already established or are planned to establish in the same city or geographic area. This requirement is crucial in terms of judicial review of licensing of new power stations which are planned to establish upon Environment Impact Assessment is Positive decision.
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Ullmann, Tai. "Sustainability opportunities in edible oils and fats supply chain." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/doyk7304.

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At Cargill, our ambition is to build the most sustainable food supply chains in the world. From small family farms to global shipping lanes, Cargill works every day to implement new sustainable practices to reduce our impact on the planet and protect people. We know that we must address climate change and conserve water and forests, while meeting the rising demand for food. These are complex challenges, but we have overcome many obstacles to keep our food system resilient and we will continue. We feel a deep responsibility to protect the planet and its people, to ensure a cleaner, safer future for generations to come.We’ve set priorities that account for the diverse environmental, social and economic impacts of our business with clear goals to ensure progress in line with what the science says is needed to keep our people and planet thriving:· Climate: reduce greenhouse gas emissions in our operations by 10% by 2025 and reduce emissions in our supply chain by 30% per ton of product sold by 2030.· Land: transform our agricultural supply chains to be deforestation free by 2030· Water: achieve sustainable water management in our operations and all priority watersheds· Human Rights: promote and respect human rights as outlined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and improve the livelihoods of 10 million farmers by 2030 through training insustainable agriculture practices and better access to marketsOur global edible oil solutions are a key part of this ambition. From our new RegenConnect program for soybean oil to our RSPO Segregated palm oil products, we continue to drive sustainability progress against our priorities. But, we cannot do this alone. Through connection and collaboration with farmers, our customers, and global and local communities, we believe our food system will remain resilient.
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Fitriyani, Any, Endang Sutrisno, and Waluyadi Waluyadi. "The Legal Study of the Compulsory Immunization Program to Comply with Children’s Right to Health." In International Conference on Agriculture, Social Sciences, Education, Technology and Health (ICASSETH 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200402.020.

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Kalça, Adem. "Is Knowledge Economy the End of Union Action?" In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01225.

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Production methods transform social structures, including the economy. In the societies that are shaped by old production methods, the existence of those people who earn their living working through these methods will be destroyed altogether and their lives will be harder than they used to be, which will lead to conflicts. It is true that changes make transformations inevitable Labor in the agriculture society was a very important production factor. In the industrial society, on the other hand, workers will serve their labor for the needs of people with a huge capital rather than serving their own ends, which make union action all the same very important. It is true that the potential role of labor as a vital component of the production has been weakened in the industrial societies. The reason for this is that there are now millions of people who can easily replace others in industrial societies. For this reason, the laborers who have faced huge challenges against the capital in this framework started to initiate union action in order to protect their rights. The function or the roles of union actions to have appeared in the industrial societies have changed when faced with information society in the 21.century. Information society forced unions towards change in union actions. Today, there is need for unionists to agree on a new road map in the 21.century for union organizations and activities.
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Andrews, Deborah. "Traditional Agriculture, Biopiracy and Indigenous Rights." In The 2nd World Sustainability Forum. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wsf2-00928.

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Toledo, Cláudia. "Fundamental social rights as subjective rights." In XXVI World Congress of Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy. Initia Via, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17931/ivr2013_sws41_01.

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Kotulovski, Karla, and Sandra Laleta. "THE ABUSE AND EXPLOITATION OF FOREIGN SEASONAL WORKERS: DID THE CORONAVIRUS EMERGENCY WORSEN ALREADY PRECARIOUS WORKING CONDITIONS IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR?" In EU 2021 – The future of the EU in and after the pandemic. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/18310.

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Seasonal workers are increasingly important in some Member States as a means to fill the labour market needs. Preferred due to their lower salaries, greater docility and the evasion of administrative and social security obligations, migrant workers are often treated less favourably than domestic workers in terms of employment rights, benefits and access to adequate housing. The agricultural sector of employment is particularly at risk of labour exploitation during harvest seasons and thus associated with atypical or informal forms of employment and precarious working conditions. The COVID-19 pandemic gave visibility to the new risks the seasonal workers are exposed to. In addition, it showed that in some cases such problems can lead to the further spreading of infectious diseases and increase the risk of COVID-19 clusters. The consequences of of the pandemic can be observed in Croatia too. This paper primarily covers the position of third-country nationals who enter and reside in Croatia for the purpose of agricultural seasonal work within the framework of the Seasonal Workers Directive (Directive 2014/36/EU). Significant challenges facing the Croatian labour market have been addressed by means of a comparative approach in order to present the current situation on the EU labour market and suggest potential legal solutions applicable in regard to the national circumstances.
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Li, Yi, and Zhu Xihua. "Short Analysis of the stakeholders’ benefit and satisfaction about Rural Land Share Cooperatives of the Southern Jiangsu Province." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/ztfm2175.

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The agricultural land around Shanghai is famous for its huge population and intensive cultivation. With the expansion of the metropolis, a large number of agricultural people have entered the city to work, and rural land has been abandoned1,2. In 2009, Kunshan City implemented a land transfer system, and 99% of the cultivated land was packaged for large scale farmers, and initially realized large‐scale operation3 . However, the large‐scale business model has gradually experienced problems such as predatory management, ecological destruction, and no sense of social responsibility. Through the establishment of agricultural land share cooperatives, Changyun Village took the lead in realizing the collective management of agricultural land, taking shares in the land, giving priority to paying dividends to the land, and paying wages to the farmers working in the cooperative. The peasants' enthusiasm for entering the city has become an important buffer for the migrants to work in Shanghai and surrounding village.It has increased the employment rate. At the same time, it has supplied green agricultural products to the city, passed on agricultural technology, and activated local communities. This article intends to analyse the correlation between several village share cooperative models based on Changyun Village and the large family farm contracting model of more than ten villages, and the satisfaction of villagers, combined with property rights theory, scale economy theory, and accounting cooperatives. Cost‐benefit, evaluate the effect of “long cloud-style” collectivization on revitalizing the surrounding villages of metropolises and assess the satisfaction of governments at all levels. Through field interviews and questionnaire surveys, the correlation analysis of village cadres and villagers' satisfaction was conducted. The government is optimistic about the role of the "long cloud model" in grassroots management and improvement of people's livelihood. Even if public finances are required to invest a large amount of money, it is necessary to strengthen the medical and social security of the villagers. The government is also quite satisfied with the Changyun model. At present, the economic benefits of the stock cooperatives have steadily increased. Although the growth rate is not large, the villagers have a strong sense of well‐being, and the village's ecological environment has been improved. In the future, the cost of the village will be reduced after the large scale operation, and the overall economic benefits will be improved. The future research direction will be how to solve the specific problems that plague the cooperative's production and operation, such as low rice prices and lack of high value added finishing facilities to continue to activate the surrounding areas of the metropolis and improve the satisfaction of the government and villagers.
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Звіти організацій з теми "Social rights in agriculture"

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Carvalho, Helena. Land Inequality, Agricultural Productivity, and the Portuguese Agrarian Reform (1974-1976). APHES Working Paper in Economic and Social History, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55462/wpaphes_a_503.

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Land reforms sacrifice property rights in the name of a fairer distribution. The trade-off they imply makes their study of interest to Economic Historians: do the benefits of reduced land inequality justify the violation of property rights? The discussion about land reforms factors in both the social and efficiency consequences of land inequality. The debate preceding the Portuguese Agrarian Reform echoes these concerns and culminated in an anti-latifundia sentiment crystallized in the legislation used to justify the land occupations of 1974 to 1976. The aim of this paper is to critically assess the efficiency arguments used to justify the occupations. Was land productivity lower in latifúndio counties? A unique dataset drawn from primary sources was specially assembled to answer this question. Through standard OLS regression, this study finds that the number of agriculture journeyman per employer landowner has a statistically significant effect on agricultural productivity after controlling for geographical and soil characteristics. It also finds that introducing literacy as a control causes the effect of land inequality to disappear leading to the conclusion that policies aimed at improving human capital would have been just as effective as a land reform. Further, this study also identifies the crop mix selected as the proximate channel of transmission. Farmers in the region with the highest levels of land inequality favoured less valuable crops, like wheat. An arid climate combined with a lack of irrigation infrastructure and wheat protectionism justify this preference.
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vineses, aline. Reproduction of 'Rights without Resources: The Impact of Constitutional Social Rights on Social Spending'. Social Science Reproduction Platform, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.48152/ssrp-vxb4-n966.

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Place, Frank, Ruth Suseela Meinzen-Dick, and Hosaena Ghebru. Natural resource management and resource rights for agriculture. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/9780896293830_18.

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Research Institute (IFPRI), International Food Policy. Synergies between social protection and agriculture. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/9780896295988_02.

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Hillenbrand, Emily, and Maureen Miruka. Gender and social norms in Agriculture: A review. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/9780896293649_02.

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Dancer, Helen, and Imogen Bellwood-Howard. COVID-19 and Social Differentiation in African Agriculture. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2021.044.

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Анотація:
This brief presents a summary of key findings from a multi-country study of social differentiation in African agricultural value chains in the context of COVID-19. It aims to understand how trends in the politics and participation of different actors in agriculture have contributed to patterns of social differentiation, and how these patterns have interacted with the shock of COVID-19. It brings attention both to the implications of political decision-making and the effects of the pandemic on value chain structures and those working within the sector.
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Zaman, Tahir, Michael Collyer, Rachel Sabates-Wheeler, and Carolina Szyp. Beyond Rights-Based Social Protection for Forcibly Displaced People. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/basic.2022.006.

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Having a right that is not respected is not the same as having no right at all. At least this should not be the case. Failure to receive something to which you are entitled should lead to formal redress or failing that, protest. The rights-based discourse has a wider importance. If and when it is or should be used is significant. In terms of access to social protection (including social and humanitarian assistance), the rights-based discourse means there is no difference between refugees and others who fail to receive the protection to which they are entitled, such as Internally Displaced People (IDPs). This introduces two key tensions, both of which we explore in this paper. The first concerns the identification of the institution responsible for fulfilling the right, as determined in state-led/formal humanitarian system of social protection. The second concerns the alternatives displaced people may identify when Northern mandated forms of social protection fail, or when the conditions for the enjoyment of that protection are too onerous. These alternatives constitute a second system of social protection. We conclude that although they are unequal, both systems are currently necessary, even as a language of rights is only appropriate in relation to the first tension. Ultimately greater coordination and collaboration between the two systems is necessary.
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Research Institute (IFPRI), International Food Policy. Agriculture and social protection: The experience of Ethiopia’s Productive Safety Net Program. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/9780896295988_03.

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Agger, Kasper. Images and Key Messages for Human Rights and Social Safeguards Training for Rangers Across Africa. Wildlife Conservation Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19121/2022.report.45325.

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Markets, Policies Institutions. Social protection for agriculture and resilience: Highlights, lessons learned, and priorities for One CGIAR. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.134376.

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