Готові списки джерел за темами / Social and economic inequalities

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Social and economic inequalities"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 31 серпня 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Social and economic inequalities"

Petrović, Irena. "Economic Inequalities in Montenegro." Südosteuropa 66, no. 2 (July 26, 2018): 203–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/soeu-2018-0016.

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Abstract The author analyses economic inequalities among the main social groups in Montenegro at the end of the socialist system and during the postsocialist transformation. Economic inequalities are analysed based on an economic status index, which is a composite index made up of multiple indicators: income, consumption, and asset ownership. The empirical basis for the analysis are survey results from 1989, 2003, and 2015. The findings show that there were economic inequalities during the entire period. In the late 1980s, the economic differentiation of social classes was very pronounced, despite the principle of equality with which the socialist system had legitimized itself. The period of postsocialist transformation raised the economic status of all social groups. Notwithstanding such improvement, the differences between the higher and lower social classes persisted.

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Vashisht, Dr Neena. "Economic Inequalities vis-à-vis Social Justice: Tax Structure in India." Indian Journal of Applied Research 4, no. 7 (October 1, 2011): 111–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/july2014/33.

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Tello, Juan Eduardo, and Paola Bonizzato. "Social economic inequalities and mental health II. Methodological aspects and literature review." Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 12, no. 4 (December 2003): 253–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1121189x00003079.

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SummaryObjective - This study provides a framework for mental health inequalities beginners. It describes the methods used to measure socio economic inequalities and the inter-relations with different aspects of mental health: residence, mental health services organisation and main diagnostic categories. Method - Literature electronic-search on Medline, Psyclit, Econlit, Social Science Index and SocioSearch usingand relating the key-words inequalities, deprivation, poverty, socio-economic status, social class, occupational class, mental health for the period 1965-2002 (June). The articles selected were integrated with manual search (publications of the same authors, cross-references, working documents and reports of international andregional organisations). Results - Inequality is not an absolute concept and, mainly, it has been changing during the last years. For example, the integration and re-definition of variables that capture, in simple indices, a complex reality; the accent on social more than on economic aspects; the geo-validity and time-reference of the inequality's indices. Moreover, the inequalities could be the result of individual preferences, in this case, the social selectionand social causation issues will raise the suitability for a public intervention. Conclusions - Up to now, research has been mainly concentrated in describing and measuring health inequalities. For designing effective interventions, policy makers need to ground decisions on health-socioeconomic inequalities explanatory models.Declaration of Interestthis work was partly funded by the Department of the Public Health Sciences “G. Sanarelli” of the University of Rome “La Sapienza” and the Department of Medicine and Public Health of the University of Verona.

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Babovic, Marija. "Gender and economic inequalities: Trends in feminist economics and sociology at the centre and semi-periphery of the global knowledge production system." Sociologija 60, no. 1 (2018): 11–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc1801011b.

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Main objective of this article is to provide an overview of the state of art in the feminist perspectives in the study of gender economic inequalities. The feminist perspectives in sociology and then economics (late 1960s and 1970s), brought radical change in the study of intersection between economic and gender inequalities (in case of economy) and gender, economic inequalities and class (in case of sociology). During this stage instigated by the rise of Second Wave Feminism, fundamental critics of capitalist societies, that generate and reproduce gender inequalities through economic sphere was developed, with simultaneous critics of key social disciplines that were omitting to see the role of gender inequalities for the reproduction of the system and existing power relations. The aim of this article is to provide overview of contemporary state of art in the feminist economics and feminist sociology in regard to gender economic inequalities. The analysis is focused on thematic and geographical scope of articles published in two international journals with high impact: ?Feminist Economics? and ?Gender and Society?. The aim is to obtain insights in significance ascribed to economic inequalities within the broader studies of gender, economy and society. This is initial stage of broader research focused on differences in knowledge production on gender economic inequalities among the scholars from center, semi-periphery and periphery of the global system, which is more focused on substantive aspects - interpretation of causes, forms and consequences of gender economic inequalities in societies with different position in the world capitalist system and at the same time in the global system of knowledge production. The second line of the analysis includes insights in the state of art in Serbia, based on two leading sociological journals: ?Sociology? and ?Sociological Review?, and two leading economic journals: ?Economic Annals? and ?Economic Ideas and Practice?. The analysis is conducted on the journal volumes published during 2013-2017.

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Acharya, Sanghmitra S. "Disease Burden and Health Inequalities in Punjab-Understanding Economic and Social Consequences." International Journal of Preventive, Curative & Community Medicine 05, no. 02 (September 6, 2019): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2454.325x.201910.

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Akyelken, Nihan. "Urban conceptions of economic inequalities." Regional Studies 54, no. 6 (April 15, 2020): 863–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2020.1732902.

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Napoli, Grazia. "Values spaces migration. appraisal scenarios for an intercultural society [Valori spazi migrazioni. prospettive estimative per una società interculturale]." Valori e Valutazioni 28 (July 2021): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.48264/vvsiev-20212805.

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Incessant migratory flows move towards nations or cities where they can find better living conditions, driven by economic inequalities, political and social instability, war conflicts and environmental emergencies, and generate real or perceived perturbations in the social and economic organization of territories. The changes in value, social, spatial and economic systems resulting from migration flows were debated during the SIEV conference “Values Spaces Migrations. Identity and Otherness in the Multicultural City”, which took place in October 2020 Incessanti flussi migratori si muovono verso nazioni o città in cui trovare condizioni di vita migliori sospinti da sperequazioni economiche, instabilità politiche e sociali, conflitti bellici ed emergenze ambientali, e generano perturbazioni, reali o percepite, sull’organizzazione sociale, ed economica dei territori. I mutamenti dei sistemi valoriali, sociali, spaziali ed economici conseguenti ai flussi migratori sono stati dibattuti durante il convegno SIEV “Valori Spazi Migrazioni. Identità e alterità nella citta multiculturale”, che si è svolto nel mese di ottobre del 2020.

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Wenczenovicz, Thaís Janaina, ANA CAROLINA MARTINS DA SILVA, and JANAINA RECZIEGEL. "SOCIAL INEQUALITIES AND YOUTH." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 10, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 128–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol10.iss2.3654.

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The struggle against social inequalities in Brazil has been the center of analysis in several areas of knowledge. Scholars, public managers, researchers, and public policymakers strive to diagnose and implement measures to reduce inequalities in the Brazilian context. Among the multiple forms of manifestation of such inequalities, the social markers of gender, race, and social class are the most investigated. However, color or race occupies a central space in most of the debates given the process of the socio-historical constitution of Brazil. In this debate, besides the aspects that are related to the Brazilian development process characteristics, whose dynamics have produced erasures and silencing throughout the country's history, black youth are among those included. As a consequence, the partial inclusion of the black, brown, or indigenous populations in this process has translated into higher levels of economic and social vulnerability, with greater incidence in some communities. The present reflection analyzes the impact of the social racial marker among the black Brazilian youth. The bibliographical-investigative methodological procedure is used.

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Bonizzato, Paola, and Juan Eduardo Tello. "Social economic inequalities and mental health. I. Concepts, theories and interpretations." Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale 12, no. 3 (September 2003): 205–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1121189x00002980.

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SummaryAims – Reconstructing the models used for approaching the inequalities issues in health, idenfiying the most relevant theoretical and conceptual contributions. Method – Literature electronic-search on Medline, Psyclit, Econlit, Social Science Index and SocioSearch using the key-words inequalities, deprivation, poverty, socio-economic status, social class, occupational class, mental health for the period 1965-2002; integrated with manual search. The material was classified according to the conceptual and theoretical interpretative models or to the analyses of the association 'inequalities-health' where health was expressed as mortality, morbidity or services utilisation. Results – Four different interpretative models about the genesis of inequalities were identified. Further theoretical developments overcome the distinction among conceptuals contrapositions selection versus causation, statistic artefactual versus real differences, individual behaviours versus material context. Since the 80's the concept of material deprivation has been enlarged to include social deprivation to explain health inequalities. The social exclusion is related to material deprivation and to social fragility enlarging the traditional aspects of poverty. The theories that better adapt to the psychiatric field are the social selection and social causation. Conclusions – The social exclusion and the new methodologies for measuring the inequalities seems to be an effective way for understanding of the inexplored aspects of the mental health inequalities.Declaration of Interest: This work was partly funded by the Department of the Public Health Sciences “G. Sanarelli” of the University of Rome “La Sapienza” and the Department of Medicine and Public Health of the University of Verona.

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Waldegrave, C., and C. Cunningham. "SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC INEQUALITIES: THE MARGINALISATION OF OLDER PEOPLE." Innovation in Aging 1, suppl_1 (June 30, 2017): 1312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igx004.4805.

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Дисертації з теми "Social and economic inequalities"

Kadow, Alexander. "Essays in European integration and economic inequalities." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2012. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3403/.

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The ongoing process of economic integration in Europe and beyond has already led to profound changes that are likely to manifest themselves further. Within Europe, formerly centrally planned economies have joined the European Union (EU) with the intention to ultimately introduce the common currency. On a more global scale, marginalised farmers in developing countries seek to become integrated in the world trading system to lift themselves out of poverty. However, issues surrounding economic inequalities are no longer exclusively confined to emerging economies. Indeed, awareness of income inequalities and their impact on the domestic economy is increasing among industrialised nations. This dissertation seeks to contribute to these topical debates in the form of three self-contained essays. The first essay is concerned with monetary integration in Europe. More specifically, we consider the EU member countries from Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) that seek to adopt the euro in the foreseeable future. Our analysis is based on a global VAR (GVAR) model to investigate to what extent central banks in CEE follow the European Central Bank’s lead. We look in another core chapter at the economic implications of the Fair Trade (FT) movement. This is a fairly novel topic to the economics profession and we thus aim to provide intuitive insights. One of the key elements of our trade model is that FT generates and hinges upon economic inequalities. We combine these two aspects in the third core chapter. In particular, we analyse how monetary policy operates in an environment which is characterised by wage inequalities using a New Keynesian model that features heterogeneous labour. The third essay is motivated by the case of the United States, where, similar to many European countries, there is strong empirical evidence for rising internal economic divergence. Overall, the thesis not only combines and investigates topical issues, it moreover does so employing various techniques with the intention to also make contributions on the methodological level. We conclude the monograph by highlighting policy implications and by providing directions for future research.

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Roy, Sutanuka. "Economics of social, gender, and income inequalities." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2018. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3727/.

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The thesis contains three chapters. The first chapter reports on the first large-scale randomized field experiment involving legally-recognized minorities to examine the causal effects of providing performance-based financial incentives based on social or income disadvantage on high stakes university test scores. The results are that the average test scores of the whole cohort goes down by .14 standard deviations when financial incentives were provided by income disadvantage while there is no effect on the test scores when financial incentives were provided by social disadvantage or when financial incentives were provided to all students. The chapter provides evidence of academic non-cooperation when financial incentives are offered by income status and no evidence of such peer effects when prize incentives are given by social disadvantage. The second chapter, which is a joint work with Dr. H.F.Tam, studies the impact of matrimonial laws introduced by the British in British provinces in colonial India during 1800s and early 1900s. Exploiting quasi-random variations of districts that were former British Provinces within each post-independent Indian states, we find that females have 5% lower chances of marrying under the current legal age, and 1.6% higher chance of attending school at 10-16 years old in regions that were formerly British Provinces. Furthermore, using historical Census of India 1901-1931 on marriage status of population between 0-15 years at district level, the chapter estimates the impact of Child Marriage abolition Act (1931) on child marriages in colonial India. The third chapter uses a large-scale novel panel dataset (2005-14) on schools from the Indian state of Assam to test for the impact of violent conflict on female student’s enrolment ratios. We find that a doubling of average killings in a districtyear leads to a 13 per cent drop in girl’s enrolment rate with school fixed effects.

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Dahlén, Gisselmann Marit. "The first injustice : socio-economic inequalities in birth outcome /." Stockholm : Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-6803.

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Rueda, Pozo Silvia. "Social Inequalities in health among the elderly." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/31877.

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Aquesta tesi analitza les desigualtats en salut entre les persones grans a través d’un marc d’anàlisi on es combinen la posició socioeconòmica, el gènere, el desenvolupament socioeconòmic regional i el suport social. Està formada per tres articles, cadascun d’ells centrat en les diferents dimensions de les desigualtats socioeconòmiques en salut entre les persones grans. Algunes de les troballes més importants han estat que les desigualtats socioeconòmiques i de gènere persisteixen entre les persones grans; que les dones presenten una pitjor salut que els homes; que l’impacte de les característiques familiars en la salut de les persones grans varia per gènere i segons l’indicador de salut analitzat; que el suport social constitueix un determinant important de l’estat de salut; i que tot i que el grau de desenvolupament regional constitueix un determinant de l’estat de salut, no està relacionat amb les desigualtats de gènere en salut.
This dissertation analyses socio-economic inequalities in health among the elderly through a combined framework of socio-economic position, gender, regional socioeconomic development and social support. It is made up of three papers focusing on the different dimensions of socio-economic inequalities in health among the elderly. The most important findings are that socio-economic and gender inequalities in health persist in old age; that women present a poorer health status than men; that the impact of family characteristics on the health of older people differs by gender and the health indicator analysed; that social support constitutes an important determinant of health status; and that whereas regional socio-economic development constitutes a determinant of health status, it is not related to gender inequalities in health.

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Hong, Jihyung. "Socio-economic inequalities in mental health and their determinants in South Korea." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/494/.

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Suicide rates in South Korea (hereafter ‘Korea’) have seen a sharp upward trend over the past decade, and now stand amongst the highest in OECD countries. This raises urgent policy concerns about population mental health and its socioeconomic determinants, an area that is still poorly understood in Korea. This thesis sets out to investigate socio-economic inequalities in the domain of mental health, particularly for depression and suicidal behaviour, in contemporary Korea. The thesis first evaluates the extent of income-related inequality in the prevalence of depression, suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in Korea and tracks their changes over a 10-year period (1998-2007) in the aftermath of the 1997/98 economic crisis. Based on four waves of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KHANES) data, concentration indices reveal a growing trend of pro-rich inequalities in all three outcomes over this period. To understand the potential impact of the observed widening income inequality, the next empirical investigation examines whether income inequality has a detrimental effect on mental health that is independent of a person’s absolute level of income. Due to the paucity of time series data, the analysis focuses on an association between regional-level income inequality and mental health, using the 2005 KHANES data. The results provide little evidence to support the link between the two at regional level. The thesis pays special attention to suicide mortality rates given their disconcerting trend in contemporary Korea. Using mortality data for 2004-2006, the third empirical investigation first elucidates the spatial patterns of suicide rates, highlighting substantial geographical variations across 250 districts. The results of a spatial lag model suggest that area deprivation has an important role in shaping the geographical distribution of suicide, particularly for men. The final empirical investigation sets out to understand the suicide trend in Korea in the context of other Asian countries (Hong Kong, Japan, Singapore, and Taiwan), using both panel data and country-specific time-series analyses (1980-2009). Despite similarities in geography and culture, the suicide phenomenon is unique to Korea, particularly for the elderly. The overall findings suggest that low levels of social integration and economic adversity may in part explain the atypical suicide trend in Korea.

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Córdoba, Doña Juan Antonio. "Withstanding austerity : economic crisis and health inequalities in Spain." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Epidemiologi och global hälsa, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-130950.

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Background: Along with the austerity measures introduced in many countries, the economic crisis affecting Europe since 2008 seems to have impacted many aspects of the health of the Spanish population and has had a negative effect on the provision health services. An increasing body of knowledge has shown a clear impact of the current crisis on suicidal behaviour and mental health, and a less consistent effect on physical health and access to healthcare. However, little is known about the impact of the crisis on social inequalities in health and healthcare access, an area on which the present study seeks to shed light in the context of Spain, and specifically Andalusia, a region hit very hard by the crisis. Objective: To study the impact of the economic crisis starting in 2008 on health, health inequalities and health service utilisation in Spain and Andalusia and the roles of socio-demographic factors in these associations. Methods: Death rates were analysed to study the annual percent change in overall and cause-specific mortality in Spain between 1999 and 2011, and the Longitudinal Database of the Andalusian Population was used to study educational inequalities in overall mortality from 2002 to 2010 (study 1). To calculate suicide attempt rates, information from 2003 to 2012 on 11,494 men and 12,886 women provided by the Health Emergencies Public Enterprise Information System in Andalusia was utilised. The association between unemployment and suicide attempts was studied through linear regression models (study 2). Two waves of the Andalusian Health Survey (2007 and 2011–12) provided data for the third and fourth studies of this thesis. Educational and employment status inequalities in poor mental health in relation with the crisis were analysed through Poisson regression models (study 3). The change in inequalities (pre-crisis–crisis) in health care utilisation outcomes (general practitioner, specialist, hospitalisation and emergency attendance) was measured by the change in horizontal inequality indices. A decomposition analysis of change in inequality between periods was performed using the Oaxaca approach (study 4). Results: Study 1: Overall mortality in Spain decreased steadily during the period, with annual percent changes of -2.44% in men and -2.20% in women. An increase in educational inequality in mortality was observed in men in Andalusia. In women, the inequalities instead remained stable. Suicide mortality showed a downward trend in both sexes in Spain. Study 2: A sharp increase in suicide attempts in Andalusia was detected after the onset of the crisis in both sexes, with adults aged 35 to 54 years being the most affected. Suicide attempts were associated with unemployment rates only in men. Study 3: Poor mental health increased in working individuals with secondary and primary studies during the crisis compared to the pre-crisis period, while it decreased in the university study group. However, in unemployed individuals poor mental health increased only in the secondary studies group. Financial strain could partly explain the crisis effect on mental health among the unemployed. Study 4: Horizontal inequality in utilisation changed to a greater equality or a more pro-poor inequality in both sexes. In the decomposition analysis, socioeconomic position and health status showed greater contributions to the changes in inequalities. Conclusion: This thesis illustrates the complexity of the influences of the current economic crisis on health inequalities in a Southern European region. Specifically, no noticeable effects of the crisis on overall and suicide mortality were detected; instead, increasing educational inequalities in mortality in men and a large increase in suicide attempts in middle aged men and women were observed. The deterioration in poor mental health was mainly detected in those of intermediate educational level. Economic conditions such as unemployment and financial strain proved to be relevant. Finally, in the light of no increased inequalities in healthcare utilisation, the universal coverage health system seems to buffer the deleterious effect of the crisis and austerity policies in this context.

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Balasubramanian, Pooja [Verfasser]. "Leaving no one behind: Behavioral response to social exclusion and economic inequalities / Pooja Balasubramanian." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1216330654/34.

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Beyazit, Eda. "Transport and socio-spatial inequalities : the case of the Istanbul Metro." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d98b3158-bd38-4145-a35c-487c50e26dab.

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In this thesis, socio-spatial processes regarding the distribution of transport infrastructures are investigated and the ways in which inequalities occur as a result of these processes are discussed. The transport system of Istanbul and particularly, the Istanbul Metro, the first modern subway of the city, has been the focus of this research. In order to understand inequalities in transport, social and spatial justice theories have been employed. Discussions have been extended in order to include different approaches to the issues of transport inequality from various disciplines such as geography, sociology and urban planning. In this sense, this study is multi-disciplinary. Debates on land rent theory, space and power, gendered mobilities, social exclusion and the right to the city are among the many concerns that formed the main arguments of this research. In this thesis, transport is taken as a fixed, an immobile commodity that produces mobile and dynamic commodities such as mobilities and flows. Through such interaction socio-spatial processes are produced which may or may not consist of inequalities. Issues related to inequalities are deconstructed in the literature review in order to help reconstruct a theory of uneven socio-spatial development as a result of the distribution of transport infrastructure investments. Discussions on theory are further examined through four empirical chapters each of which investigates different issues related to transport inequalities. A mixed-method approach has been used in order to fully explore the complexity of the subject and integrate different epistemological positions. Through four empirical chapters, socio-spatial inequalities are discussed with regard to daily mobility levels of different socio-economic groups in Istanbul and the Istanbul Metro as well as in-direct economic impacts of the Metro and the socio-political processes it generates. The findings support some of the previous research on social inequalities based on transport, especially on how gender, education and employment become important determinants of travel time, trip frequency, trip purposes and the use of different transport modes. Yet, the thesis presents unexpected results on the impacts of the Istanbul Metro. On the one hand, the Istanbul Metro can be regarded as a just infrastructure as it accommodates users from every socio-economic background. On the other hand, it can be inequitable as it is likely to facilitate the accumulation of capital in certain areas, and circulation of producers and consumers of this capital within the same spatial unit, the Metro itself. This thesis proposes that horizontal and vertical socio-spatial inequalities exist both individually and together in various contexts in Istanbul. These inequalities are based on the spatial distribution of transport infrastructure investments, power relationships between different socio-economic groups, the dominance of politically powerful groups and the historical development of the urban space. Together this thesis is in an attempt to establish a comprehensive narrative of the discourses of inequalities in transport planning and policy and makes suggestions on the ways to reduce such inequalities. Moreover, this thesis is an original contribution to the literature as it links hitherto unconnected strands of theory in transport geography and social and spatial justice literatures.

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Safarzynska, Karolina. "Socio-economic Determinants of Demand for Private Tutoring." Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcr045.

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This study examines socio-economic factors underlying the demand for private tutoring. The analysis utilizes two samples of students from lower- and upper-level secondary schools in Poland based on the PISA 2006 data set. Special attention is paid to channels through which private tutoring may endure socio-economic inequalities, especially in the context of the gender gap in education outcomes. We find that parents' decisions concerning private education are sensitive to student gender, which may raise concerns for policymakers committed to provide equal opportunities and outcomes in education. At the level of gymnasium (lower-level secondary school), female students are more likely to enrol in private tutoring in mathematics than male students. The evidence indicates the opposite with respect to private tutoring in Polish and preparatory courses for the gymnasium final examination. The grade from the final exam does not affect the probability of graduating from gymnasium, but it is used by upper secondary schools for the admission purpose. In upper secondary schools, we find that male students are less likely to participate in private education services than female students. This may be indicative of an increase in power of students in household's decision-making as they graduate from gymnasium. (author's abstract)

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Deemer, Danielle R. "Spatial Inequalities in the Fiscal Distribution of the U.S. Welfare State." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1437342124.

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Книги з теми "Social and economic inequalities"

Gunganah, Bhagiawatty. Beyond inequalities. Harare, Zimbabwe: SARDC, 1997.

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Bertha, Koda, Southern African Research and Documentation Centre., and Tanzania Gender Networking Programme, eds. Beyond inequalities. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Tanzania Gender Networking Programme, 1997.

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Debie, LeBeau, Southern African Research and Documentation Centre. Women in Development Southern Africa Awareness, and University of Namibia. Multi-disciplinary Research Centre. Social Sciences Division, eds. Beyond inequalities. Harare, Zimbabwe: SARDC, 1997.

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Paul, Kakhongwe, Southern African Research and Documentation Centre. Women in Development Southern Africa Awareness, and University of Malawi. Centre for Social Research, eds. Beyond inequalities. Harare, Zimbabwe: SARDC, 1997.

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Flood, Tania. Beyond inequalities. Harare, Zimbabwe: SARDC, 1997.

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Calasanti, Toni M. Gender, social inequalities, and aging. Walnut Creek, CA: Alta Mira Press, 2001.

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Kethusegile, Bookie M. Beyond inequalities. Harare, Zimbabwe: SARDC, 2000.

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Letuka, P. Beyond inequalities. Harare, Zimbabwe: SARDC, 1997.

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Ystanes, Margit, and Iselin Åsedotter Strønen, eds. The Social Life of Economic Inequalities in Contemporary Latin America. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61536-3.

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Stewart, Frances. Horizontal inequalities: A neglected dimension of development. Helsinki: United Nations University, World Institute for Development Economics Research, 2001.

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Частини книг з теми "Social and economic inequalities"

Krokhicheva, Galina, and Anton Lugantsev. "POVERTY AND SOCIAL INEQUALITIES IN RUSSIA." In Socio-economic and legal problems of modern society, 26–34. au: AUS PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26526/chapter_61e7f12a7d2c58.40751846.

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This article analyses the changes that have taken place in the perception of poverty and inequality in the public consciousness of our population. These changes reflect objective trends in the evolution of relevant phenomena in Russia up to the onset of the economic crisis. The dynamics of growing interest in relation to poverty and social inequalities, tied to the reason for their emergence, is considered

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Brown, Marvin T. "Latin American Inequalities and Reparations." In The Social Life of Economic Inequalities in Contemporary Latin America, 253–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61536-3_11.

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Shields, Robin, and Kalyan Kumar Kameshwara. "Social Justice Perspectives on Education, Skills, and Economic Inequalities." In Handbook on Promoting Social Justice in Education, 233–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14625-2_122.

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Shields, Robin, and Kalyan Kumar Kameshwara. "Social Justice Perspectives on Education, Skills, and Economic Inequalities." In Handbook on Promoting Social Justice in Education, 1–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74078-2_122-1.

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Groh-Samberg, Olaf. "Persistent Social and Rising Economic Inequalities: Evidence and Challenges." In Welfare State Transformations and Inequality in OECD Countries, 41–63. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-51184-3_3.

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Costa, Sérgio. "Entangled Inequalities, State, and Social Policies in Contemporary Brazil." In The Social Life of Economic Inequalities in Contemporary Latin America, 59–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61536-3_3.

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Dziembała, Małgorzata. "Public Policies on Economic, Social, and Territorial Cohesion Regarding Inequalities." In Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, 715–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95882-8_42.

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Dziembała, Małgorzata. "Public Policies on Economic, Social, and Territorial Cohesion Regarding Inequalities." In Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, 1–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71060-0_42-1.

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Martín-Artiles, Antonio, Eduardo Chávez-Molina, and Renata Semenza. "Social Models for Dealing with Inequalities." In Towards a Comparative Analysis of Social Inequalities between Europe and Latin America, 35–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48442-2_2.

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AbstractThis chapter compares social models in Europe and Latin America. The goal is to study the interaction between two institutions: on the one hand, pre-distributive (ex ante) institutions, such as the structure and coverage of collective bargaining and, on the other hand, post-distributive (ex post) institutions, such as unemployment protection and social policy. Pre-distributive institutions are important for correcting inequalities in the labour market, because they introduce guidelines for egalitarian wage structures. Post-distributive institutions help to mitigate inequalities generated in the labour market.The methodology is based on statistical analysis of a series of indicators related to pre and post-distributive policies. The results present three types of model: (1) coordinated economies, typical of neo-corporatist Scandinavian countries; (2) mixed economies, typical of Mediterranean systems, and (3) uncoordinated economies, which equate to liberalism and the Latin American ‘structural heterogeneity’ model. It is neo-corporatist coordinated economies that generate the most pre and post-distributive equality. In turn, uncoordinated economies, and Latin American ones in particular, generate more inequalities due to highly informal employment and the weakness of their post-distributive institutions.

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Vigouroux, Cécile B. "10. Informal Economy and Language Practice in the Context of Migrations." In Language, Migration and Social Inequalities, edited by Alexandre Duchêne, Melissa Moyer, and Celia Roberts, 225–47. Bristol, Blue Ridge Summit: Multilingual Matters, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21832/9781783091010-011.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Social and economic inequalities"

Baryshnikova, Natalia A. "Interconnection Of Economic And Social Inequalities In The Regions Of Russia." In International Scientific and Practical Conference «State and Law in the Context of Modern Challenges. European Publisher, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2022.01.14.

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Mata, Anna. "How Families’ Socio-Economic Inequalities Affect Schools." In EDUHEM 2018 - VIII International conference on intercultural education and International conference on transcultural health: The Value Of Education And Health For A Global,Transcultural World. Cognitive-Crcs, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2019.04.02.81.

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Ghosh, Puranjoy, Bibhu Kaibalya Manik, and Pallavi Das. "CONVERGENT APPROACH OF LIBERALIZATION AND REGIONAL INEQUALITIES - AN ANALYSIS." In 4th International Scientific Conference – EMAN 2020 – Economics and Management: How to Cope With Disrupted Times. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eman.2020.103.

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Coherent integration for transformation and structural adjustments in the socio-political, economic and cultural realms of each unit within the framework of social democracy might have appeared to be contributory to market-efficiency and the objectives of neo-liberalization as well as economic growth. In the present dispensation the authors have taken the attempt to analyse scales of normative frameworks in the socio-political, socio-economic and cultural context under various timelines to suggest as alternative means, in addition to policy coherence for the sustainable developmental goals.

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Burak, Irina, and Tatiana Razumova. "LIFELONG LEARNING AS A DRIVER OF OVERCOMING WORKERS’ SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC INEQUALITIES." In 16th International Technology, Education and Development Conference. IATED, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/inted.2022.2321.

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Maden, M. "P40 A meta-framework for incorporating socio-economic health inequalities in systematic reviews." In Society for Social Medicine 62nd Annual Scientific Meeting, Hosted by the MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, 5–7 September 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2018-ssmabstracts.166.

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Skrodzka, Iwona. "HUMAN AND SOCIAL CAPITAL AS FACTORS OF INEQUALITIES IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF EU COUNTRIES." In 2nd International Scientific Conference - Economics and Management: How to Cope With Disrupted Times. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty of Management Koper, Slovenia; Doba Business School - Maribor, Slovenia; Integrated Business Faculty - Skopje, Macedonia; Faculty of Management - Zajecar, Serbia, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eman.2018.956.

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Midlen, A. "Social, economic and environmental inequalities in coastal communities: understanding the context for integrated management." In Littoral 2010 – Adapting to Global Change at the Coast: Leadership, Innovation, and Investment. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/litt/201110004.

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Mamleeva, Elvira. "Digital Inequalities In Russia." In IV International Scientific Conference "Competitiveness and the development of socio-economic systems" dedicated to the memory of Alexander Tatarkin. European Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2021.04.44.

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Cornelsen, L., N. Berger, R. Smith, and S. Cummins. "OP41 Nutritional content of household food purchases: study of trends and socio-economic inequalities in britain 2012–2017." In Society for Social Medicine 62nd Annual Scientific Meeting, Hosted by the MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, 5–7 September 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2018-ssmabstracts.41.

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Persello, Claudio, and Monika Kuffer. "Towards Uncovering Socio-Economic Inequalities Using VHR Satellite Images and Deep Learning." In IGARSS 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss39084.2020.9324399.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Social and economic inequalities"

Davies, Imogen, Anam Parvez Butt, Thalia Kidder, and Ben Cislaghi. Social Norms Diagnostic Tool: Young Women's Economic Justice. Oxfam, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.8427.

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The tool’s methodology is rooted in a feminist and youth-led participatory action research approach to diagnosing social norms. It uses participatory and transformative methods to engage young people and other community members not just as research participants, but as agents of change identifying solutions to arising issues. The exercises recognize and examine unequal power inequalities through questions around who makes key decisions, whose opinions matter the most, who the most influential people are and the nature of their influence. hese exercises were developed for Oxfam’s Empower Youth for Work (EYW) programme for primary research from 2017-2019. This version of the tool was originally developed for use in the EYW programme in Bangladesh.

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Oppel, Annalena. Beyond Informal Social Protection – Personal Networks of Economic Support in Namibia. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2020.002.

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This paper poses a different lens on informal social protection (ISP). ISP is generally understood as practices of livelihood support among individuals. While studies have explored the social dynamics of such, they rarely do so beyond the conceptual space of informalities and poverty. For instance, they discuss aspects of inclusion, incentives and disincentives, efficiency and adequacy. This provides important insights on whether and to what extent these practices provide livelihood support and for whom. However, doing so in part disregards the socio-political context within which support practices take place. This paper therefore introduces the lens of between-group inequality through the Black Tax narrative. It draws on unique mixed method data of 205 personal support networks of Namibian adults. The results show how understanding these practices beyond the lens of informal social protection can provide important insights on how economic inequality resonates in support relationships, which in turn can play a part in reproducing the inequalities to which they respond.

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Szymborska, Hanna, and Jan Jan Toporowski. Industrial Feudalism and Wealth Inequalities. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp174.

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The possibility, first raised by Rudolf Hilferding, of stabilizing a capitalist economy through the operations of a ‘general cartel’, leaving only social and political ‘contradictions’ to disturb the functioning of the system, gave rise to a discussion among Marxists not only on whether such a stabilization was at all possible, but also on the nature and scope of those contradictions. This discussion had been anticipated in the 1890s in the work of the Polish Marxist Ludwik Krzywicki (1859 – 1941). He put forward the idea that, in a capitalist economy stabilized in this way, a state of ‘industrial feudalism’ would prevail, in which society would become stratified into social classes without the possibility of mobility between those classes. This analysis was extended in 1940s by Oskar Lange (1904-1965) as he attempted to make sense of the American New Deal and rediscovered in the 1950s by Tadeusz Kowalik (1926-2012). This paper explains the concept of industrial feudalism and argues that the main mechanism for such a stratification today is the unequal distribution of wealth, in the context of declining welfare provision.

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Cârstocea, Andreea, and Craig Willis. Less equal than others: National minorities and the overlooked challenge of socio-economic inequalities. European Centre for Minority Issues, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53779/aacb5478.

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Socio-economic inequalities are part and parcel of people’s everyday life in any society; yet for people who belong to ethnic, linguistic, religious, or cultural communities, these inequalities tend to be markedly greater than for others. Quite often, national minority communities face higher hurdles in accessing employment and gaining incomes on a par with those of the majority, and have lower access to adequate healthcare services, housing, education, or public services in general. And yet, a conversation about the socio-economic inequalities facing minority communities, the specific challenges they face, or the ways in which their participation might be improved is largely absent.

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Carter, Becky. Gender Inequalities in the Eastern Neighbourhood Region. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.062.

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This rapid review examines evidence on the structural causes and drivers of gender inequalities in the Eastern Neighbourhood region and how these gender inequalities contribute to instability in the region. While the Eastern Neighbourhood region performs relatively well on gender equality compared with the rest of the world, women and girls continue to face systemic political and economic marginalisation and are vulnerable to gender-based violence. Research on Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Moldova identifies the key underlying cause to be a set of traditional patriarchal gender norms, intersecting with conservative religious identities and harmful customary practices. These norms do not operate in isolation: the literature highlights that gender inequalities are caused by the interplay of multiple factors (with women’s unequal economic resources having a critical effect), while overlapping disadvantages affect lived experiences of inequalities. Other key factors are the region’s protracted conflicts; legal reform gaps and implementation challenges; socio-economic factors (including the impact of COVID-19); and governance trends (systemic corruption, growing conservatism, and negative narratives influenced by regional geopolitics). Together these limit women and girls’ empowerment; men and boys are also affected negatively in different ways, while LGBT+ people have become a particular target for societal discrimination in the region. Global evidence – showing that more gender unequal societies correlate with increased instability – provides a frame of reference for the region’s persistent gender inequalities.

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Hahm, Joon-Ho, Dong Jin Lee, and Cyn-Young Park. Domestic and External Monetary Policy Shocks and Economic Inequality in the Republic of Korea. Asian Development Bank, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps220121-2.

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This paper examines the linkage between monetary policy and economic inequalities in the open economy of the Republic of Korea. The coronavirus disease pandemic has raised renewed concerns about economic and social inequality. This paper constructs measures of income and wealth inequality in the Republic of Korea. Empirical results show that both domestic and external monetary policy shocks exert significant countercyclical effects on income inequality. However, for wealth inequality, the effects are very different. External policy shocks proxied by fluctuations in net capital flows seem to have significant effects on net wealth inequality.

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Bouezmarni, Taoufik, Mohamed Doukali, and Abderrahim Taamouti. Copula-based estimation of health concentration curves with an application to COVID-19. CIRANO, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/mtkj3339.

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COVID-19 has created an unprecedented global health crisis that caused millions of infections and deaths worldwide. Many, however, argue that pre-existing social inequalities have led to inequalities in infection and death rates across social classes, with the most-deprived classes are worst hit. In this paper, we derive semi/non-parametric estimators of Health Concentration Curve (HC) that can quantify inequalities in COVID-19 infections and deaths and help identify the social classes that are most at risk of infection and dying from the virus. We express HC in terms of copula function that we use to build our estimators of HC. For the semi-parametric estimator, a parametric copula is used to model the dependence between health and socio-economic variables. The copula function is estimated using maximum pseudo-likelihood estimator after replacing the cumulative distribution of health variable by its empirical analogue. For the non-parametric estimator, we replace the copula function by a Bernstein copula estimator. Furthermore, we use the above estimators of HC to derive copula-based estimators of health Gini coeffcient. We establish the consistency and the asymptotic normality of HC’s estimators. Using different data-generating processes and sample sizes, a Monte-Carlo simulation exercise shows that the semiparametric estimator outperforms the smoothed nonparametric estimator, and that the latter does better than the empirical estimator in terms of Integrated Mean Squared Error. Finally, we run an extensive empirical study to illustrate the importance of HC’s estimators for investigating inequality in COVID-19 infections and deaths in the U.S. The empirical results show that the inequalities in state’s socio-economic variables like poverty, race/ethnicity, and economic prosperity are behind the observed inequalities in the U.S.’s COVID-19 infections and deaths.

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Schoff, Staci. Economic Inequality's Correlation with Political Inequality and Inequality of Opportunity and the Implications for Social Justice Theory. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.980.

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Bellwood-Howard, Imogen, and Helen Dancer. Politics, Power and Social Differentiation in African Agricultural Value Chains: The Effects of COVID-19. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2021.027.

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Since the structural adjustment policies of the 1980s, policymaking at a national and continental level has increasingly turned to agricultural commercialisation as the foundation for Africa’s long-term nutrition and food security. However, socio-economic inequalities, land tenure and food insecurity, as well as livelihood and income precarities remain widespread challenges. The effects of shocks, such as COVID-19, have overlaid emergent and entrenched patterns of social differentiation that shape access to resources, markets, and other opportunities for those involved in commercial agriculture. This paper considered the impacts of COVID-19 on value chains in Ethiopia, Ghana, Malawi, Nigeria, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe, to ask: 1) What can political settlements analyses tell us about agricultural value chains and responses to COVID-19 in the countries studied? 2) How are structures and power relations throughout the value chains and actors’ responses to COVID-19 related to social differentiation in the context of African agriculture?

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Hrynick, Tabitha, and Santiago Ripoll. Evidence Review: Achieving COVID-19 Vaccine Equity in Ealing and North West London. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2021.040.

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This review sets out key considerations for improving vaccine equity – as well as broader health equity – in the North West London (NWL) borough of Ealing. It foregrounds the political, economic and social dynamics which have perpetuated health inequalities during and prior to COVID-19, and how they have manifested to shape COVID-19 vaccine accessibility and uptake among different social groups. It also highlights how local actors have sought to address these inequalities. By bringing together data and insights from existing social science research and consultations with people involved in local COVID-19 vaccination efforts (in local authorities, the NHS and community groups), we point to ways local authorities and healthcare providers, in collaboration with local people and organisations, can support vaccine equity – and health equity more broadly – now, and into the future. Critical to this are further efforts to integrate sensitivity to context, sustain collaborative working, build trust and meaningfully engage citizens (especially vulnerable groups), and support a robust civil society. The review begins with summary key considerations for operational actors. This review was produced by SSHAP in collaboration with Ealing Council. It was authored by Tabitha Hrynick and Santiago Ripoll, and reviewed by Maddy Gupta-Wright, Ellen Schwartz, and Nikita Simpson. It is the responsibility of SSHAP

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