Готові списки джерел за темами / Small coal mines

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Small coal mines"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022
Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Small coal mines"

1

Passmore, D., J. Bennett, M. Radomsky, and L. Saperstein. "Tailored safety training for miners in small Pennsylvania surface coal mines." American Journal of Public Health 80, no. 9 (September 1990): 1134–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.80.9.1134.

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2

Deng, Bao Ping, Shuai Liu, Chen Wang, Yao Dong Jiang, and Hong Wei Wang. "Numerical Investigation on Passing through Goaf in Coal Mine Failurezone." Applied Mechanics and Materials 275-277 (January 2013): 1518–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.275-277.1518.

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Random mining by small coal mines left many destruction districts with a large range in Fenxi mining district. According to incomplete statistics, the destroyed areas by small coal mines amount to nearly one hundred square kilometers and have over three hundred million tons of resource reserves in Xinliu, Xinyu and Xinyang these three fields. Small coal mines tend to use outdated techniques such as replacing mining with advancement, small excavation with large stoping and room pillar mining technique, which have a stoping rate of only 10% to 25%. Some of the wellheads were not closed seamlessly, which resulted in self-combustion; some were damaged due to the mining of the lower coal seam. A serious security risk existed during the mining of the lower coal seam due to the uncertainty of gas, water and roof pressure. In addition, the destructed area by small coal mines is badly large in Shanxi Province and even the whole country which remains a huge amount of resources. The implementation of this subject is significant.
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3

Redondo Vega, José María. "Notas sobre la estructura de la propiedad en la minería de carbón leonesa." Estudios humanísticos. Geografía, historia y arte, no. 10 (February 9, 2021): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/ehgha.v0i10.6697.

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<p>The structure of the property in Leon's coal mining is based on the existence of smalle mines, a fact that makes the mining space a very fragmented one.</p><p>This charasteristic, which is a historial fact in the beginning of the coal mining, has developed slowly theroughout the last decades towards a concentration of the properties, with a small number of owners.</p><p>The concentration process is very impotant in the hard coal mines, and much less visible in the anthracite ones, where we still find an important number of reduced extension mines belonging to small owners.</p>
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4

Tkach, Sergye, Natalya Batugina, and Vladimir Gavrilov. "Technological, economic and social aspects of the provision of solid fuels to the Arctic regions of Yakutia." E3S Web of Conferences 192 (2020): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019203001.

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The article examines the reasons leading to the increase in the price of fuel and energy resources consumed in the Arctic regions of the Yakutia. The paper studies the conditions for the development of coal deposits in the region. It is shown the lack of open cast mines that meet modern criteria for efficient use of small-scale open mining by quality and logistic accessibility. This article determines that with the minimum level of clogging of the hard coal mined and the stabilization of its quality over time, it is possible to efficiently recycle the fuel without other precombustion measures. In the case of development of brown coal deposits, additional enrichment is required after extraction to improve the level of consumables. The paper stresses that development of local small-scale deposits of coal is important direction to improve energetic safety of arctic regions. It is necessary to select the coal mines most suitable for open-cast mining, as close to consumers and also with the best quality indicators. The use of the specified measures of technological and economic management, administrative regulation and improvement of mechanisms of «northern delivery» make it possible to facilitate the creation and operation of new coal mines in the Arctic zone of Yakutia. In turn, this reduce coal delivery periods, its quantity and quality losses in the supply chain, and improve local fuel and energy complexes.
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5

Yang, Ming Qiang, and De Xi Song. "Exploration on Prevention Methods of Flooding Accidents Caused by Goaf Water in Small Coal Mine Groups." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 258–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.258.

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This paper summarizes the working experiences in prevention and treatment of flooding accidents caused by goaf water in Zhangcun Coal Mine, Pingdingshan Ruiping Company, and puts forward a number of scientific, practical and effective methods for it, including “inspection”, “exploration”, “dredging”, “drainage”, “prevention”, “hiding” and “management” . In addition, the methods discussed in this paper have great significance for safety production in coal mines and helps to improve the recovery rate of shallow coal bed in area where small coal mines concentrate.
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Qiao, Guichuan, Song Du, Wei Liu, Zihao Luo, and Zishen mou. "Development and prospect of environmental treatment and ecological restoration of closed coal mines." E3S Web of Conferences 233 (2021): 01147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123301147.

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The exploitation of coal mine resources has greatly contributed to China’s economic development, but it has also caused damage to the surrounding ecological environment. With the adjustment and optimization of the national energy structure, many small or unqualified mines have been closed in recent years. Thus, the environmental treatment and ecological restoration of these closed coal mines need to be carried out urgently. In this study, the causes of closed coal mines are analyzed from the perspective of macro policy. Then, the key technical difficulties of comprehensive and systematic restoration and treatment of geological and ecological problems are discussed from multiple perspectives. Finally, the successful restoration and treatment cases of closed coal mines locally and globally are showed. The findings of this study provide ideas and methods for ecological environment restoration and management of closed coal mines.
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7

Seaton, A. "Coal workers' pneumoconiosis in small underground coal mines in the United States." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 67, no. 6 (June 1, 2010): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.2009.053934.

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Okalelov, V., and V. Okalelov. "Technological development schemes of small coal mines local reserves." Mining of Mineral Deposits 7, no. 1 (March 30, 2013): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mining07.01.067.

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9

Hunting, Katherine L., and James L. Weeks. "Transport injuries in small coal mines: An exploratory analysis." American Journal of Industrial Medicine 23, no. 3 (March 1993): 391–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.4700230303.

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10

Kaur, Amarjit. "Hewers and Haulers: A History of Coal Miners and Coal Mining in Malaya." Modern Asian Studies 24, no. 1 (February 1990): 75–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00001177.

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The history of coal mining in Malaya is synonymous with the history of Malayan Collieries and Batu Arang town since coal was only ever economically mined in this small area in Ulu Selangor. The town of Batu Arang, the Malayan Collieries and the mines left an indelible mark on Malayan history. Previous accounts of the history of coal mining are restricted to mentions in general works on labour and the labour unrest of 1936–37 and 1946–47. This paper outlines the role of coal mining in the Malayan economy in the first half of the twentieth century. It also focuses on the history of labour at the collieries and the significant role that labour played in the development and growth of industrial activism in Malaya.
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Дисертації з теми "Small coal mines"

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Pretorius, Jan Marthinus. "Diesel particulate matter and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon exposure of diesel vehicle operators in small to medium sized underground coal mines J.M. Pretorius." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4747.

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Limited data is currently available for diesel particulate matter (DPM) and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure in underground coal mines in South Africa. The lack of regulatory exposure limits for DPM and PAH in South Africa makes it difficult for the mining industry to evaluate concerned exposure results effectively. The purpose of this study was to determine load haul dump (LHD) vehicle operator exposure to DPM and PAH in four small to medium sized coal mines. Exposures were measured against international standards which could appropriately be implemented in South Africa. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) method 5040 was used to measure exposure for DPM using submicron elemental carbon as surrogate. NIOSH method 5515 was used to measure exposure towards seventeen PAH compounds. Exposure results for DPM were far below the available exposure limit. The use of two LHD vehicles underground showed results that were 2.6 times higher than when one LHD vehicle was used. Exposure results for PAH showed values below laboratory detection limits. The TC/EC values for the four coal mines indicated that the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) TC/EC value of 1.3 is not suitable for South African coal mines if the MSHA standards for DPM were to be adopted in South Africa. The findings of this study are consistent with another local study conducted in 2008. To conclude, this study emphasized the urgency to establish regulatory exposure limits for DPM and PAH.
Thesis (M.Sc. (Occupational Hygiene))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
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2

Marriott, Anna. "Extending health and safety protection to informal workers : an analysis of small scale mining in KwaZulu-Natal." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/2198.

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This study explores the potential extension of occupational health and safety to informal small scale miners in South Africa. It was motivated by an understanding of the integral but much neglected relationship between the quality of work and the goals of poverty reduction and economic development. The study recognises that poor working conditions can reduce productivity and that work-related injury or illness is an unaffordable risk for those working without access to adequate social protection. Further, the protection of labour standards, including work health and safety, is an established basic right in those countries where relevant LLO Conventions have been ratified. Conventional occupational health and safety (OHS) regulation operates through formal employment structures and therefore offers limited or no protection to informal workers. In a country where increasing policy attention is being paid at national and local level to the employment and economic growth potential of the informal economy, this study practically explores within one sector - mining - how the institutional positions of both conventional and identified non-conventional OHS stakeholders work to constrain, or provide opportunities for, the extension of health and safety protection to those working informally. The focus on one kaolin and one clay/coal informal small scale mine site within KwaZulu-Natal and the use of in-depth interviews with workers and a range of identified stakeholders enabled a structured qualitative investigation into the health and safety challenges faced by informal miners; the nature of the support provided to small scale mining by the Department of Minerals and Energy (DME); and the institutional processes acting through national, provincial and local structures that do or could influence workers' access to OHS. The threats presented by each mine to worker and public, as well as environmental health and safety were found to be numerous and severe. There was also evidence of a negative impact of poor working conditions on both the health and economic security of the workers. Despite this, the study identified a vacuum of accountability for the labour protection of informal miners. Conventional mining OHS mechanisms are vertically driven, resource intensive and technocratic. They are both inappropriate for and inflexible towards meeting the challenges presented by informal work. In a minority of cases interdependent links between the responsibil ities of non-conventional OHS stakeholders and work health and safety are understood, but the lack of a worker focus, the institutional boundaries within which people work, their limited OHS knowledge, and the major financial and human resource constraints they face, appear to present significant barriers to any actual OHS intervention. Through the research process it became clear that the management and nature of the DME's small scale mining support strategy itself present fundamental barriers to the extension of OHS. The strategy is a product of a narrow conceptual isation of what is needed to achieve formalisation. This, and the lack of genuine worker representation and accountability within it, means that not only does the strategy fail to attend to OHS and a variety of other worker needs, but that the DME continues unchallenged in its neglect of such issues. With an understanding of the real constraints faced by both workers and the range of identified OHS stakeholders, and in view of the future plans to overhaul the existing national OHS framework in South Africa, the study concludes by outlining some practical opportunities and recommendations that could help to break down existing barriers to the OHS protection of informal workers. Conventional OHS mechanisms could be reoriented to take advantage of cheaper, simpler and more appropriate workerled approaches which could potentially achieve substantial improvements for large numbers of informal workers. Realistic opportunities also exist to more firmly secure the participation of promising non-conventional OHS stakeholders including, in this case, formal mining companies and local government. Finally, there are ways to bridge existing deep divides between social and economic institutional responsibilities that currently serve to obscure potential resource sharing and multiplier impact opportunities of working more collaboratively to improve OHS for the benefit of informal workers.
Thesis (M.Dev. Studies)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2006.
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3

Shi, Xunpeng. "China's coal industry transformation: performance, challenges and prospects." Phd thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/7175.

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This thesis examines the performance, challenges and prospects of the Chinese coal industry under transformation in the market transition period from 1993 to date. The term 'transformation' is used intentionally to distinguish it from 'transition', which is more commonly used. While issues arising from state-ownership are central in an economic transition, the tenn 'transformation' also takes into account the existence of China's other specific challenges including the many small scale mines, poor mining safety, and pressure on the industry's prospects resulting from increasingly stringent environmental regulations. ... Based on the results of empirical and quantitative analysis, several policy recommendations are proposed which include deepening market reforms of State-owned coal mines through privatisation or relinquishment of state ownership, changes of corporation governance and debt restructuring; and improving governance of small coal mining through improvement of the legal and fiscal frameworks and building of SCM's capacity. The participation of stakeholders is useful in the process of improving safety and regularising small coal mining. The formulation of industrial policies such as participating in the unemployment insurance system, promoting export liberalisation, strengthening mining consolidation, are also recommended. The thesis also argues that the policy of simply closing down mines in China is impractical and ineffective, and that a better alternative is to govern their development through regularisation. The thesis also outlines some directions for future research into the coal industry's transformation.
Rio Tinto-ANU China Partnership, ANU-PKU exchange program, Vice-Chancellor's travel grant
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Книги з теми "Small coal mines"

1

Gallie, Menna. The small mine. Dinas Powys, South Glamorgan, Wales: Honno, 2000.

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2

Small, Mine Summit (1994 Beckley W. Va ). Small Mine Summit report. [Arlington, Va.]: U.S. Dept. of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, 1994.

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Small Mine Summit (1994 Beckley, W. Va.). Small Mine Summit report. [Arlington, Va.]: U.S. Dept. of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, 1994.

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4

Small Mine Summit (1994 Beckley, W. Va.). Small Mine Summit report. [Arlington, Va.]: U.S. Dept. of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, 1994.

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5

G, Hurt K. Handbook on ground control at small coal mines. Sudbury: HSE Books, 2000.

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6

United States. Bureau of Mines. Guidelines For Dust Control in Small Underground Coal Mines. S.l: s.n, 1987.

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7

Robert Peccia & Associates. Cascade County Small Prospects Project: Final report. Helena, Mt: R. Peccia & Associates, 1991.

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8

Robert Peccia & Associates. Final report for the Fergus County Small Prospects Abandoned Mine Reclamation Project. Helena, MT: Robert Peccia & Associates, 1987.

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9

Robert Peccia & Associates. Final report for the Judith Basin County small prospects, abandoned mine reclamation project. Helena, Mont: R. Peccia & Associates, 1990.

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10

Egan, Margaret R. Impact of air velocity of the development and detection of small coal fires. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1993.

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Частини книг з теми "Small coal mines"

1

Bird, Deanne, and Andrew Taylor. "Disasters and Demographic Change of ‘Single-Industry’ Towns—Decline and Resilience in Morwell, Australia." In The Demography of Disasters, 125–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49920-4_7.

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Abstract In 2014, an open-cut coal mine fire burned for 45 days in the small single-industry town of Hazelwood in Victoria (Australia) spreading smoke and ash across the adjacent community of Morwell. This chapter examines the extent to which the mine fire acted as a catalyst for demographic and socio-economic change and considers how, if at all, it impacted Morwell’s resilience to disasters. We report on a range of secondary data analyses augmented with qualitative insights captured in government reports (namely, the Hazelwood Mine Fire Inquiry reports), as well as from related research papers and media articles. We suggest that a succession of structural and demographic changes meant that the town and its residents were accustomed and resilient to relatively large shocks. In this sense, the Morwell and broader Latrobe Valley population banded together around various community-led initiatives to fight for a better future for their community.
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2

"Rural Small Coal Mines." In Rural Energy Development in China, 162–75. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315659213-14.

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3

Braber, Natalie. "Conclusion: Preserving Pit Talk." In Lexical Variation of an East Midlands Mining Community, 149–67. Edinburgh University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474455541.003.0005.

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This concluding chapter brings together some of the main themes of the data and examines which conclusions can be drawn about the language used by East Midlands coal miners. This research has shown clear examples of a distinct coal mining lexicon in the region. There are words and phrases which are distinctive to this particular field of work. Some of these are used in very specific geographic areas (in just one colliery, or one small region), whereas others are used more widely and also nationally. Due to the nature of the work, specialised vocabulary was needed to describe the processes of work, the tools and equipment and the structures above and below ground. The research shows that some words were used by large groups of miners and some of these had also spread outside the mine (for example, the use of the word snap to describe food/meals). Knowledge of these terms was determined by different factors: how long they had worked in the mines, what kinds of jobs they had done and how much contact they still had with other miners.
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Gordon, Robert B., and Patrick M. Malone. "Coal, Canals, Railways, and Industrial Cities." In The Texture of Industry. Oxford University Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195058857.003.0010.

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During the decades after the 1820s, Americans reshaped the industrial landscape by gradually substituting coal for the wood and flowing water they were using as energy sources and iron for wood in structures and machinery. The amount of power they could obtain from wood or water at a given place was limited, but coal resources were so large that more was always available. Coal could be transported to distant consumers by the newly built canals and railways. With it, the resource constraints that had led entrepreneurs to favor small, dispersed mills and factories were less important. Production of coal was concentrated in Pennsylvania in the first part of the nineteenth century. At first, the largest markets were in the East, and as long as the Appalachians were a barrier to shipment of bituminous coal from the West, the anthracite coalfields of eastern Pennsylvania remained the principal source of industrial fuel. Ironmasters using anthracite to smelt ore mined in eastern Pennsylvania dominated American ironmaking until the last quarter of the nineteenth century. Industrialists west of the Appalachians experimented with bituminous coal and with coal converted to coke. They built furnaces around Pittsburgh and Cincinnati (where rivers provided good access to coking coal), and then through Ohio, Indiana, and, eventually, Illinois. But it was in eastern Pennsylvania that artisans and entrepreneurs established many of the economic and social practices followed by American heavy industry well into the twentieth century. Industries based on wood and water starkly contrasted with those based on coal and iron. Death and injury from mine accidents, social strife in mining communities, and environmental degradation from mine wastes were new costs of wealth created by the digging of anthracite. Because coal could be hauled long distances and still be sold at a lower cost per unit of energy than locally cut. wood, it could be shipped profitably to distant customers. They used it to make primary materials, such as iron, glass, and brick, and to convert these materials into finished, high-value-added goods. The social and environmental costs of getting the coal were left behind at the mines.
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Andrews-Speed, Philip, Bingjia Shao, Xunpeng Shi, and Guo Ma. "The Impact of, and Responses to, the Closure of Small-Scale Coal Mines in China." In The Socio-Economic Impacts of Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining in Developing Countries, 511–30. Taylor & Francis, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203971284.ch29.

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"The Impact of, and Responses to, the Closure of Small-Scale Coal Mines in China: A Preliminary Account." In The Socio-Economic Impacts of Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining in Developing Countries, 510–27. CRC Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203971284-41.

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Avery, William H., and Chih Wu. "OTEC Historical Background." In Renewable Energy from the Ocean. Oxford University Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195071993.003.0009.

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As in other branches of technology, the understanding of the physical and chemical principles underlying the operation of heat engines followed long after such systems were in commercial use. Apparently both the ancient Egyptians and Chinese were able to use steam or combustion gases to do work in special applications; however, the first practical use of a heat engine was the steam-driven piston engine for pumping water from mines, invented in 1698 by the Englishman Thomas Savery. This was followed by a better device invented in 1712 by Newcomen and further developed by Smeaton, which was widely adopted for mining operations in the tin mines of Cornwall and the British coal mines. In 1763, James Watt invented his greatly improved steam engine, which laid the foundation for the industrial revolution based on steam power. Interesting accounts of these developments are presented in Fenn (1982) and Callendar and Andrews (1958). By 1800, there were nearly 500 engines of Watt’s design emplaced throughout England for pumping water, working metal, or other uses. Steam use in ships was successfully demonstrated by Fulton on the Hudson River in New York in 1807. Railroad transportation based on steam-driven locomotives was introduced by Stephenson in 1812 following small beginnings in 1801 by Trevithick. As the steam engines of Newcomen were manufactured and installed, their performance was measured by the amount of water that could be pumped to a given height per bushel of coal burned. The heating value of the coal being used was approximately 1 million Btu per bushel. The data of Table 2–1 show how the thermal efficiency of steam engines improved with time. It is interesting to note that the industrial revolution began with engines of less than 1% efficiency and blossomed with the development of Watt’s engine of 2.7% efficiency. Watt and his predecessors related the performance of their engines in pumping water to what could be accomplished by horses engaged in the same task. An average value of the power capability of a horse was estimated by Watt, who established the unit of one horsepower as the power needed to raise 33,000 pounds 1 foot in 1 minute.
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Pecsics, Tibor. "Ancient creatures of Hungary: Bringing the animals to life." In The Evolution of Paleontological Art. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2021.1218(26).

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ABSTRACT The first trace fossils in Hungary, dinosaur footprints, were found in the coal mines of the Mecsek Mountains. The footprints belonged to small theropod dinosaurs. The first fossil bones of vertebrate animals from present-day Hungary were found in 2000 in the mountainous region of Bakony. Numerous taxa have been collected from the locality of Iharkút. These fossils represent a diverse fauna (including fishes, amphibians, turtles, lizards, crocodilians, dinosaurs, birds, and pterosaurs) that lived between 85.8 and 83.5 m.y. ago in the Santonian Age during the Late Cretaceous period. Paleoart can depict these fossil remains in an engaging way to help inform the public about the ancient creatures of Hungary. This chapter provides an overview of how the Mesozoic vertebrates from Hungary have been reconstructed for scientists and the public.
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Wang, Liang, Xunyuan Zhao, Jingjian Wu, Yuyang Sun, Mingchao Wu, and Kai Zhang. "CFD-Based Spherical Fiber Filter Structure Performance Simulation Research." In Modern Management based on Big Data III. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/faia220127.

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Spherical fiber filter is an important water purification device under the coal mines. When the thickness and porosity of its internal filter layer changes, the filtering performance will also change. In order to study the effects of the filtration performance of the porosity and the thickness of the lower filter layer, this article uses SolidWorks for modeling and ANSYS CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) numerical simulation technology for simulation analysis. The conclusion is obtained through simulation research: The filter layer porosity above the fiber filter is 0.7, the porosity of the filter layer below is 0.6, And when the filter layer thickness of the porosity of 0.6 accounts for 30% of the thickness of the entire filter layer, the filtering performance is the best. At this time, the pressure drop in the filter will not be too large, causing too much energy loss. And the filtration speed will not be too small and cause too low efficiency.
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Carlmark, B., and A. Lindvall. "Mercury, a Toxic Metal, and Dental Amalgam Removal." In Geology and Health. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195162042.003.0016.

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Mercury is an element with unique physical and chemical properties whose deleterious effects on various organ systems have been known for centuries. The metal (Hg°) mercury is the only element liquid at ambient temperatures and has an extremely high vapor pressure. Natural degassing of the earth’s crust by volcanoes and emissions from soils and waters are estimated to contribute on the order of 2700 to 30,000 tons per year (Nriagu 1989, Lindqvist 1991). A second source of mercury is anthropogenic from burning of coal or petroleum. The total input into the atmosphere may be up to 150,000 tons per year, with natural emissions accounting for the major input (Berlin 1986). However, estimations of contributions from different sources vary. Aristotle wrote about mercury as liquid silver (hydrargyrum) with the metallic mercury extracted in ancient times, as today, from the sulphide mineral cinnabar (HgS). Although technical developments have brought about more sophisticated methods of distilling mercury, all processes create mercury vapor, which is a potential hazard. Mercury mines pose environmental concern, due to mine tailings and waste rock contributing mercury-enriched sediment to watersheds (Rytuba 2000) such as in the California Coast Ranges (Rytuba 2000), the Idria mine in Slovenia (Hines et al. 2000), in Slovakia (Svoboda et al. 2000), and, perhaps most conspicuously, the mine tailings in Aznacollar, Spain, that caused a recent accident (Grimalt et al. 1999). Any industrial sites that utilize mercury during production may also produce contamination of the environment (Sunderland and Chmura 2000). The possible sources of mercury exposure are presented in Table 10.1. Amalgamation with mercury has been used as a method for beneficiation of gold and silver since Roman times. The total global release of mercury into the environment from these activities before 1930 was estimated as over 260,000 tons. Thereafter, with the introduction of cyanidation processing technology, the emissions declined (Lacerda and Solomons 1998). However, small-scale artisanal gold mining continues and is a serious hazard to largely unskilled persons in rural areas over the world.
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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Small coal mines"

1

Fedorov, Vladislav. "SMALL-SCALE COAL MINES IN HARD-TO-REACH REGIONS OF YAKUTIA: THE PROBLEMS OF CREATION AND EXPLOITATION." In 18th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2018. Stef92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2018/1.3/s03.107.

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Hykyšová, S., and J. Brejcha. "Monitoring of PM10air pollution in small settlements close to opencast mines in the North-Bohemian Brown Coal Basin." In AIR POLLUTION 2009. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/air090351.

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Meng, Xiu-feng, and Hong Peng. "Notice of Retraction: Stability research on small coal pillar protect of mine roadway in Wang zhuang Coal mine." In 2010 International Conference on Optics, Photonics and Energy Engineering (OPEE 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/opee.2010.5508139.

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Dash, Jogesh Chandra, Nagalakshmaiah Kalva, and Jayanta Mukherjee. "Electrically Small VHF MIMO Antenna For Underground Coal Mine Application." In 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (APS/URSI). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aps/ursi47566.2021.9703724.

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5

Laney, A. S., and Edward L. Petsonk. "Distribution Of Small Opacities On Chest Radiographs Of United States Coal Miners." In American Thoracic Society 2010 International Conference, May 14-19, 2010 • New Orleans. American Thoracic Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2010.181.1_meetingabstracts.a1736.

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Rehman, M., A. Sood, C. Pollard, D. Johnson, J. Smith, K. Vlahovich, O. Myers, X. Shore, L. Cook, and N. A. Assad. "Characterizing Chest Radiographic Patterns of Regular Primary Small Pneumoconiotic Opacities in New Mexico Coal Miners." In American Thoracic Society 2020 International Conference, May 15-20, 2020 - Philadelphia, PA. American Thoracic Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2020.201.1_meetingabstracts.a2639.

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Pawluszek-Filipiak, Kamila, Maya Ilieva, Natalia Wielgocka, and Krzysztof Stasch. "Evaluation of synthetic aperture radar interferometric techniques for monitoring of fast deformation caused by underground mining exploitation." In 5th Joint International Symposium on Deformation Monitoring. Valencia: Editorial de la Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/jisdm2022.2022.13863.

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EPOS-PL+ is the Polish national realization of the European Plate Observing System (EPOS) project that aims to build a multidisciplinary infrastructure. It allows integration of a variety of geoscience expertise and techniques to better understand the geohazard related to the underground mining of coal in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB) in Poland. The study case in this project is the Marcel Mine, located within USCB, where the detected subsidence for the analyzed period of four months reaches 91 cm. Various interferometric processing techniques demonstrated some advantages and also some limitations in the context of mining deformation measurement, including accuracy, spatial resolution, detectable deformation rate, atmospheric delay, and ability to detect the maximal deformation gradients. This is especially important from a mining perspective. Therefore, we investigated three different interferometric processing techniques to monitor fast mining deformation in the Marcel hard coal mine area. More specifically, we used conventional DInSAR, Small Baseline Subsets (SBAS), and Persistent Scattered Interferometry (PSInSAR). The result confirmed that none of these methods can be considered as the best. The DInSAR approach allows capturing the maximal deformation gradient, which was not possible with the PSInSAR and SBAS approaches. On the contrary, PSInSAR and SBAS allow us to provide less noisy and reliable results in the area of safety pillars.
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Fowler, M. J., M. E. Kobler, and F. M. Weir. "DFN Characterization and Block Size Assessment of a Fault Zone at a Long Wall Coal Mine in the Newcastle Coal Field, Australia." In 3rd International Discrete Fracture Network Engineering Conference. ARMA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-dfne-22-0014.

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Abstract This paper presents the development and results of Discrete Fracture Network (DFN) modelling of a 100m wide fault zone for a proposed underground long wall panel at a coal mine in the Newcastle Coalfield, Australia. The purpose of the DFN modelling was to estimate the risk of unstable blocks in a narrow unsupported opening between the cutting face and a support shield. Both regional and local data was used to develop a detailed fault characterization model upon which to base the DFN development. This was particularly important for educating faults lengths. The DFN modelling established a set of realizations that were used to statistically assess kinematic stability of blocks exposed in the roof and walls of the unsupported opening. A second more conservative assessment of blocks was undertaken by manual inspection as a simple attempt to account for blocks with small rock bridges.
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Anthony, E. J., E. M. Bulewicz, D. Go´ra, and J. Najman. "Observations on the Hydration Behaviour of a Selection of Bed and Fly Ashes From FBC Installations." In 18th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2005-78102.

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The behaviour of FBC ash/water systems is complex and the hydration behaviour of FBC ashes attracts attention both for environmental reasons and because hydration could be used to reactivate the ashes for further use in SO2 capture. In a recent study, hydration of 16 FBC bed and fly ashes from industrial installations firing high-ash coal and mine wastes was studied. Saturated steam at ∼165°C was employed; samples were analyzed chemically and investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermal analysis (TGA). One of the more important results was that in some of the ashes there was no unreacted CaO and no Ca(OH)2 after hydration, and they could even consume CaO added to them before hydration. XRD evidence was also obtained to show that a hydrated calcium silico-aluminate (katoite) was formed during the hydration of ashes high in excess, unreacted CaO. The same ashes were used in the present study. The methods used were the same, but the bed ashes were divided into three size fractions and hydration by saturated steam at 100°C was employed. The results generally confirmed the earlier findings. Differences were small but could be significant. First, no katoite could be detected after hydration, so its formation (and possibly that of other compounds of that type) may require more drastic hydration conditions. Second, small quantities of Ca(OH)2 were detected in most hydrated samples. Third, systematic differences between bed ash size fractions were found. In particular, the proportion of anhydrite and the degree of CaO to CaSO4 conversion steadily increased with decreasing particle size fraction, but in the corresponding fly ash was lower and for lime-rich ashes, much lower.
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Cummings, Scott M. "Prediction of Rolling Contact Fatigue Using Instrumented Wheelsets." In ASME 2008 Rail Transportation Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/rtdf2008-74013.

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The measured wheel/rail forces from four wheels in the leading truck of a coal hopper car during one revenue service roundtrip were used to by the Wheel Defect Prevention Research Consortium (WDPRC) to predict rolling contact fatigue (RCF) damage. The data was recorded in March 2005 by TTCI for an unrelated Strategic Research Initiatives project funded by the Association of American Railroads (AAR). RCF damage was predicted in only a small portion of the approximately 4,000 km (2,500 miles) for which data was analyzed. The locations where RCF damage was predicted to occur were examined carefully by matching recorded GPS and train speed/distance data with track charts. RCF is one way in which wheels can develop tread defects. Thermal mechanical shelling (TMS) is a subset of wheel shelling in which the heat from tread braking reduces a wheel’s fatigue resistance. RCF and TMS together are estimated to account for approximately half of the total wheel tread damage problem [1]. Other types of tread damage can result from wheel slides. The work described in this paper is concerning pure RCF, without regard to temperature effects or wheel slide events. It is important that the limitations of the analysis in this paper are recognized. The use of pre-existing data that was recorded two years prior to the analysis ruled out the possibility of determining the conditions of the track when the data was recorded (rail profile, friction, precise track geometry). Accordingly, the wheel/rail contact stress was calculated with an assumed rail crown profile radius of 356-mm (14 inches). RCF was predicted using shakedown theory, which does not account for wear and is the subject of some continuing debate regarding the exact conditions required for fatigue damage. The data set analyzed represents the wheel/rail forces from two wheelsets in a single, reasonably well maintained car. Wheelsets in other cars may produce different results. With this understanding, the following conclusions are made. - RCF damage is predicted to accumulate only at a small percentage of the total distance traveled. - RCF damage is predicted to accumulate on almost every curve 4 degrees or greater. - RCF damage is primarily predicted to accumulate while the car is loaded. - RCF damage is predicted to accumulate more heavily on the wheelset in the leading position of the truck than the trailing wheelset. - No RCF damage was predicted while the test car was on mine property. - Four unique curves (8 degrees, 7 degrees, 6 degrees, and 4 degrees) accounted for nearly half of the predicted RCF damage of the loaded trip. In each case, the RCF damage was predicted to accumulate on the low-rail wheel of the leading wheelset. - Wayside flange lubricators are located near many of the locations where RCF damage was predicted to accumulate, indicating that simply adding wayside lubricators will not solve the RCF problem. - The train was typically being operated below the balance speed of the curve when RCF damage was predicted to occur. - The worst track locations for wheel RCF tend to be on curves of 4 degrees or higher. For the route analyzed in this work, the worst locations for wheel RCF tended to be bunched in urban areas, where tight curvature generally prevails.
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Звіти організацій з теми "Small coal mines"

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Harrison, J. C., B. M. Saumur, and D. R. Skipton. Mineral and carving-stone resources of Baffin Island. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/321858.

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Mineral resources of Baffin Island include iron (Mary River), diamonds, carbonate-hosted zinc and lead (Nanisivik), nickel, copper, platinum group elements, uranium, thorium, gemstones (sapphire, spinel, lapis lazuli), carving stone, and coal. Iron deposits include the Mary River No. 1 to 4 deposits of northern Baffin Island, which came into production in 2015 and contain 586 Mt grading 66% Fe. The Mesoproterozoic Borden Basin hosts the Nanisivik deposit, mined between 1976 and 2002; this is a Mississippi Valley-type deposit and contains 9.0% Zn, 0.7% Pb, and 41 ppm Ag. Diamond-rich kimberlite occurs as sheets and small pipes at Chidliak on Hall Peninsula; largest by area is the CH-1 (6 ha) pipe. At least 32 carving-stone localities are known; 7 communities on Baffin Island have good access to quarried material. Coal occurs in the Cretaceous-Paleogene Eclipse Trough of Bylot and northwestern Baffin islands. Exposures near Pond Inlet have been excavated for local use.
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Effects of coal mine drainage on the water quality of small receiving streams in Washington, 1975-77. US Geological Survey, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri854274.

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