Готові списки джерел за темами / Slag Testing

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Slag Testing"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022
Оновлено: 29 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Slag Testing"

1

Liu, Yu, Zhao Zhang, Guangqiang Li, Yang Wu, Xijie Wang, and Baokuan Li. "Effect of SiO2 containing slag for electroslag remelting on inclusion modification of 42CrMo steel." Metallurgical Research & Technology 116, no. 6 (2019): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2019063.

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Анотація:
Five heats were carried out to study the effects of SiO2 containing slag for electroslag remelting (ESR) on inclusion characteristics of 42CrMo steel. Fluoride vaporization at elevated temperature from slags was also explored by thermogravimetric analysis. The results show that fluoride vaporization is dominated by slag viscosity and component activities in the melt. Slag composition has an important effect on the composition of the oxide inclusion. For 70 wt% CaF2–30 wt% Al2O3 slag, the compositions of oxide inclusions in remelted steel show no obvious differences compared with the virgin steel. Whereas, SiO2 content in oxide inclusions of steel processed by slag bearing SiO2 show an increasing trend with increase of SiO2 content in 50 wt% CaF2–CaO–SiO2 slag, and the MgO · Al2O3 inclusions are modified to (Al,Ca,Mg,Si)O inclusions with low melting temperature. Al2O3 contents in oxide inclusions are also closely related to the Al2O3 concentration in the molten slag, which increase with the addition of Al2O3 in slag bearing SiO2. In testing various slags, the incorporation of slag T2 with 50 wt% CaF2–30 wt% CaO–20 wt% SiO2 shows the highest cleanliness in remelted steel. This implies that slag T2 can be a promising slag for ESR process of alloy steel requiring Al content refinement due to less fluoride vaporization from slag and better inclusions modification.
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Pimenov, A. T., and V. S. Pribylov. "APPLICATION OF SLAG FILLERS IN THE ASPHALT CONCRETE COMPOSITION FOR INCREASING THE ROAD COATING’S DURABILITY." Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal 16, no. 6 (December 31, 2019): 766–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.26518/2071-7296-2019-6-766-779.

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Introduction. The paper presents the research results of the metallurgical slag characteristics on the example of metallurgical waste of Novokuznetsk in the Kemerovo region. Moreover, the paper demonstrates the ways of metallurgical waste’s usage in the asphalt mixes’ composition for the road construction and shows design methods and features of the asphalt concrete on slag aggregates. The aim of the research is to substantiate the possibility of using steelmaking slags of the Novokuznetsk Metallurgical Plant as a mineral skeleton of asphalt concrete pavement to increase its operational reliability. Basing on the research of the physicomechanical properties of asphalt binder and testing of prototypes, the authors confirm the increased shear strength of asphalt concrete on slag aggregates and resistance to cracking in comparison with traditional mixtures. The issue under consideration is relevant by finding more efficient building materials in the context of the development of resource-saving technologies and increasing environmental requirements in the Russian regions.Materials and methods. The authors carried out investigations of metallurgical slag by determining their physical and mechanical characteristics in accordance with the existing regulatory and technical base using modern measuring instruments and testing equipment.Results. As a result, the authors selected compositions of slag asphalt concrete mixtures that satisfied the requirements of the existing regulatory and technical base across the entire spectrum of physical and mechanical parameters and operational characteristics.Discussion and conclusion. The use of metallurgical slags of the Novokuznetsk Metallurgical Plant as a filler for asphalt concrete increases its operational characteristics, especially those, which are important in conditions of intense traffic load and sharply continental climate and those, which reduce the cost of such mixtures compared to traditional ones due to the use of industrial waste in them. Therefore, the metallurgical slag seriously competes with natural building materials in the preparation and laying of asphalt mixtures for streets and roads of various categories.The authors have read and approved the final manuscript. Financial transparency: the authors have no financial interest in the presented materials or methods. There is no conflict of interest.
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Chakrawarthi, Vijayaprabha, Brindha Dharmar, Siva Avudaiappan, Mugahed Amran, Erick Saavedra Flores, Mohammad Ayaz Alam, Roman Fediuk, Nikolai Ivanovich Vatin, and Raizal S. M. Rashid. "Destructive and Non-Destructive Testing of the Performance of Copper Slag Fiber-Reinforced Concrete." Materials 15, no. 13 (June 28, 2022): 4536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15134536.

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Concrete technology is adopted worldwide in construction due to its effectiveness, performance, and price benefits. Subsequently, it needs to be an eco-friendly, sustainable, and energy-efficient material. This is achieved by replacing or adding energy-efficient concrete materials from industries, such as ground granulated blast furnace slag, steel slag, fly ash, bottom ash, rice husk ash, etc. Likewise, copper slag is a waste material produced as molten slag from the copper industry, which can be used in concrete production. Copper slag can perform roles similar to pozzolans in the hydration process. This paper extends the comparative study of copper slag concrete with polypropylene fiber (PPF) subjected to destructive and non-destructive testing. Under destructive testing, compressive strength of concrete cubes, compressive strength of mortar cubes, splitting tensile tests on cylindrical specimens, and flexural tests on plain cement concrete were conducted and analysed. Ultrasonic pulse velocity and rebound hammer tests were performed on the samples as per IS13311-Part 1-1992 for non-destructive testing. The 100% replacement of copper slag exhibited a very high workability of 105 mm, while the addition of 0.8% PPF decreased the flowability of the concrete. Hence, the workability of concrete decreases as the fiber content increases. The density of the concrete was found to be increased in the range of 5% to 10%. Furthermore, it was found that, for all volume fractions of fiber, there was no reduction in compressive strength of up to 80% of copper slag concrete compared to control concrete. The 40% copper slag concrete was the best mix proportion for increasing compressive strength. However, for cement mortar applications, 80% copper slag is recommended. The findings of non-destructive testing show that, except for 100% copper slag, all mixes were of good quality compared to other mixes. Linear relationships were developed to predict compressive strength from UPV and rebound hammer test values. This relationship shows better prediction among dependent and independent values. It is concluded that copper slag has a pozzolanic composition, and is compatible with PPF, resulting in good mechanical characteristics.
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Migas, P., and M. Korolczuk-Hejnak. "Semi-Solid State of Blast Furnace Slag Admixtures of AL2O3." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 59, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amm-2014-0028.

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Abstract The nature and properties of liquid solutions - metallurgical slags (used in the pig iron and steel production) affect the quality of the final product and processing time. The main object of the study was slag system: CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3, when the content of Al2O3 was raised to ca. 25% in liquid and semi-liquid state. Measurements were performed using Searle’s method of concentric cylinder systems. Graphite measuring systems were used for testing with two types of bobs: smooth and perforated. Rheological measurements were carried out for five slag systems in the temperature range between 1310-1500°C, shear rate values were changed in the wide range between 1s-1 to 150/180s-1. FactSage application was used to calculate the mass of solid phases precipitating from the slag volume for different chemical compositions at various temperatures. In the temperature range in which the solid phases occurred in the slag the analysed systems show non-Newtonian behaviour.
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Li, Jiajie, Shaowei Zhao, Xiaoqian Song, Wen Ni, Shilong Mao, Huihui Du, Sitao Zhu, et al. "Carbonation Curing on Magnetically Separated Steel Slag for the Preparation of Artificial Reefs." Materials 15, no. 6 (March 10, 2022): 2055. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15062055.

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Анотація:
Magnetic separation is an effective method to recover iron from steel slag. However, the ultra-fine tailings generated from steel slag become a new issue for utilization. The dry separation processes generates steel slag powder, which has hydration activity and can be used as cement filler. However, wet separation processes produce steel slag mud, which has lost its hydration activity and is no longer suitable to be used as a cement filler. This study investigates the potential of magnetically separated steel slag for carbonation curing and the potential use of the carbonated products as an artificial reef. Steel slag powder and steel slag mud were moulded, carbonation-cured and seawater-cured. Various testing methods were used to characterize the macro and micro properties of the materials. The results obtained show that carbonation and hydration collaborated during the carbonation curing process of steel slag powder, while only carbonation happened during the carbonation curing process of steel slag mud. The seawater-curing process of carbonated steel slag powder compact had three stages: C-S-H gel formation, C-S-H gel decomposition and equilibrium, which were in correspondence to the compressive strength of compact increasing, decreasing and unchanged. However, the seawater-curing process of carbonated steel slag mud compact suffered three stages: C-S-H gel decomposition, calcite transfer to vaterite and equilibrium, which made the compressive strength of compact decreased, increased and unchanged. Carbonated steel slags tailings after magnetic separation underwent their lowest compressive strength when seawater-cured for 7 days. The amount of CaO in the carbonation active minerals in the steel slag determined the carbonation consolidation ability of steel slag and durability of the carbonated steel slag compacts. This paper provides a reference for preparation of artificial reefs and marine coagulation materials by the carbonation curing of steel slag.
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Loncnar, Mojca, Ana Mladenovič, Vesna Zalar Serjun, Marija Zupančič, and Hans A. van der Sloot. "Leaching and Geochemical Modelling of an Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) and Ladle Slag Heap." Toxics 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10010010.

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Old metallurgical dumps across Europe represent a loss of valuable land and a potential threat to the environment, especially to groundwater (GW). The Javornik electric arc furnace (EAF) and ladle slag heap, situated in Slovenia, was investigated in this study. The environmental impact of the slag heap was evaluated by combining leaching characterization tests of landfill samples and geochemical modelling. It was shown that throughout the landfill the same minerals and sorptive phases control the leaching of elements of potential concern, despite variations in chemical composition. Although carbonation of the disposed steel slags occurred (molar ratio CO3/(Ca+Mg) = 0.53) relative to fresh slag, it had a limited effect on the leaching behaviour of elements of potential concern. The leaching from the slag heaps had also a limited effect on the quality of the GW. A site-specific case, however, was that leachates from the slag heap were strongly diluted, since a rapid flow of GW fed from the nearby Sava River was observed in the landfill area. The sampling and testing approach applied provides a basis for assessing the long-term impact of release and is a good starting point for evaluating future management options, including beneficial uses for this type of slag.
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Lee, Wei-Hao, Ta-Wui Cheng, Kuan-Yu Lin, Kae-Long Lin, Chia-Cheng Wu, and Chih-Ta Tsai. "Geopolymer Technologies for Stabilization of Basic Oxygen Furnace Slags and Sustainable Application as Construction Materials." Sustainability 12, no. 12 (June 18, 2020): 5002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12125002.

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Анотація:
The basic oxygen furnace slag is a major waste by-product generated from steel-producing plants. It possesses excellent characteristics and can be used as a natural aggregate. Chemically, the basic oxygen furnace slag encloses free CaO and free MgO, which is the main reason for the expansion crisis since these free oxides of alkaline earth metals react with water to form their hydroxide yields. The objective of the present research study is to stabilize the basic oxygen furnace slag by using innovative geopolymer technology, as their matrix contains a vast quantity of free silicon, which can react with free CaO and free MgO to form stable silicate compounds resulting in the prevention of the basic oxygen furnace slag expansion predicament. Lab-scale and ready-mixed plant pilot-scale experimental findings revealed that the compressive strength of fine basic oxygen furnace slag-based geopolymer mortar can achieve a compressive strength of 30–40 MPa after 28 days, and increased compressive strength, as well as the expansion, can be controlled less than 0.5% after ASTM C151 autoclave testing. Several pilot-scale cubic meters basic oxygen furnace slag-based geopolymer concrete blocks were developed in a ready-mixed plant. The compressive strength and autoclave expansion test results demonstrated that geopolymer technology does not merely stabilize the basic oxygen furnace slag production issue totally, but also turns the slags into value-added products.
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8

Topolář, Libor, Peter Rypák, Kristýna Šamárková, and Pavel Rovnaník. "Non-Destructive Testing during the Hardening of Alkali-Activated Slag." Applied Mechanics and Materials 732 (February 2015): 329–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.732.329.

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Анотація:
Non-destructive acoustic analysis methods, Impact-echo method as a traditional and the Acoustic Emission method as nontraditional method for civil engineering, were used for experiment. This paper reports the experiment during hardening and drying of specimens of alkali activated slag mortars. Alkali activated slag is a material having a great potential to be used in practice. The main drawback of this material is a high level of autogenous and especially drying shrinkage, which causes a deterioration of the mechanical properties. The aim of this paper is introduce the effect of method used and time curing on the microstructure of alkali activated slag mortars. An understanding of microstructure–performance relationships is the key to true understanding of material behaviours.
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Lun, Yun Xia, Shao Shun Liu, Ming Kai Zhou, and Xiao Fan Liu. "Analysis of Testing Methods for Volume Stability Evaluation of Steel Slag Sand." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 1134–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.1134.

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Анотація:
Many testing methods are used to evaluate the volume stability of steel slag sand, but none of them can legalized widely, which hinders its extensive use. Three typical methods-chemical analysis method, steam powdering ratio and mortar bar linear expansion rate under hot-water curing condition are compared in this investigation. The results showed that though chemical analysis method could rapidly judge the volume stability, the content of free CaO and MgO wasn’t precise because of the interference of calcium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide in aging steel slag sand; the maximum powdering ratio reflected the uneven distribution of expansion components ; mortar bar expansion rate visually presented the volume stability of steel slag sand when used in mortar or concrete. So it was a synthetic application in order to decide the volume stability of steel slag sand.
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Chen, Sanshan, Feng Chen, and Shenghao Tong. "Influence of Ferronickel Slag on Impermeability of Seawater-Corroded Cement Soil Using an Electrochemical Test." Advances in Civil Engineering 2022 (February 2, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4964166.

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Анотація:
Since the traditional penetration testing of cement soil is time-consuming, this paper introduces a new electrochemical testing method to study the effect of ferronickel slag powder on improving the impermeability of cement soil in the corrosive seawater environment. To this end, the mercury intrusion test was employed to analyze the change in the pore characteristics of cement soil, and the variation in the impermeability of cement soil was further explained from a microscopic point of view. The test results show that using the electrochemical method to test the impermeability of cement soil dramatically improves the efficiency of testing. The impermeability of cement soil gradually rises with an increase in its ferronickel slag powder content. Moreover, the optimal mass replacement ratio of the ferronickel slag powder and mineral powder composite to cement is 40% in the testing range of 0–40%. The mercury intrusion test results also confirm that the addition of ferronickel slag powder can decrease the most probable pore size and total porosity of cement soil; further, from a microscopic perspective, the ferronickel slag powder can help reduce the corrosion of cement soil by seawater. The above test conclusions are consistent with the results of the traditional permeability test. Our findings not only imply that ferronickel slag powder can lessen the effect of seawater on the corrosion of cement soil but prove that the electrochemical test is a reliable and straightforward method for determining the impermeability of cement soil.
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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Slag Testing"

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Johansson, Ingrid, and Walter Deltin. "Utilization of Pulp and Paper Waste Products in the Metal Industry : Initial testing of carbon-containing waste material briquettes." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-231792.

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Анотація:
Today, a huge part of waste products from pulp and paper industries ends up in landfill which is both economically and environmentally adversely. This report examines the possibilities of using those products as a slag foamer and fuel in different furnaces in the metal industry. The waste products contain valuable elements, especially carbon. Therefore, there is an increased interest in finding possible use for the waste products in the metal industry. The reuse would contribute to preservation of energy as fossil fuel can be replaced. In the report, two waste materials called mixed biosludge and fiber reject are examined. The experiments are performed with the waste products pressed together with a base material and cement forming a briquette. The requirements examined are strength needed for both transportation and use in furnaces and ability to create a foaming slag. The results in strength were ambiguous, no waste material based briquettes met the set criteria. As of now, the briquettes are probably not strong enough to be transported. No foaming occurred during the experiment, but only one experiment was performed. Therefore, further experiments are needed before any conclusions can be drawn. The briquettes can possibly replace coke and coal in applications where strength is not as important. Nevertheless, it is uncertain if the briquettes affect the steel quality.
Idag läggs en stor del av restprodukter från pappers och massaindustrin på deponi, vilket innebär såväl ekonomiska som miljömässiga nackdelar. Den här rapporten undersöker möjligheterna att använda dessa restprodukter som slaggskummare och bränsle i de olika ugnarna inom metallindustrin. Restprodukterna innehåller värdefulla ämnen, framförallt kol. Därför finns det ett ökat intresse för att hitta möjliga användningsområden för restprodukterna inom metallindustrin. Denna återanvändning skulle bidra till energibevarande eftersom fossila bränslen kan ersättas. I den här rapporten undersöks två restmaterial, blandat biologiskt slam och fiberavfall. Experimenten utfördes med dessa restprodukter pressade samman med ett basmaterial och cement till en brikett. Kraven som undersöks är styrka för både transport och användning i ugnarna samt förmågan att skumma en slagg. Resultaten för briketternas styrka var tvetydiga, inga av briketterna innehållande restprodukter satisfierade det uppsatta kriteriet. Styrkan är troligtvis för låg för att transport ska vara möjlig. Ingen skumning skedde under experimentet, men endast ett experiment genomfördes. Därför behöver ytterligare experiment genomföras innan några slutsatser kan dras. Men briketterna tros kunna ersätta koks och kol där styrkan inte är viktig. Men det är osäkert om briketterna påverkar stålkvaliteten.
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2

Li, Siqi. "Testing and Evaluation of Collaborative SLAM." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1494312769643864.

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3

Blaha, Marek. "Optimalizace výroby litinových odlitků za účelem snížení výskytu vad." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231936.

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Анотація:
The presented diploma thesis is focused on defects of castings as well as optimization of production with the aim of reducing the number of defective products. The theoretical part is focused on basic information about cast iron and its production, structure and mechanical properties. Another part of this thesis describes the defects of castings and options for non-destructive testing of cast iron castings. In the experimental part are analyzed three sorts of defective casting. Castings for testing were provided by JMA s.r.o. foundry. The summary contains tests results and proposals for optimization of production.
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4

Peres, Alvaro Marcello Marco. "Analysis of slug and drillstem tests /." Access abstract and link to full text, 1989. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.utulsa.edu/dissertations/fullcit/9004161.

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5

Ibrahim, Hamdy El-Sayed Mohamed. "Assessment and design of emulsion-aggregate mixtures for use in pavements." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243448.

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6

Hess, Jeremy. "In-Situ Testing of Uretek's Injectable Barrier as a Mechanism for Groundwater Control." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6095.

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Анотація:
Construction projects involving the installation or repair of subsurface structures or utilities often require dewatering to induce a temporary lowering of the local groundwater elevation to facilitate construction. In the event that a known contaminant plume is present in an adjacent area, this dewatering may inadvertently draw the contaminant into the previously uncontaminated work area. Uretek Holdings, Inc. has developed its Injectable BarrierSM to be installed prior to dewatering exercises to provide a groundwater cut-off by reducing the potential movement of groundwater due to the hydraulic gradient induced by dewatering. A benefit of Injectable BarrierSM as compared to conventional methods of hydraulic control is that excavation is not required prior to its installation and no excess soils are generated through its installation. Injectable BarrierSM is a proprietary process registered with the United States Patent and Trademark Office by Uretek Holdings, Inc. Since methodical in-situ testing of the effectiveness of the Injectable BarrierSM has not been performed to date, it was the focus of this research to test the performance of the barrier under in-situ conditions utilizing a subsurface environment indicative of a West-Central Florida location. A testing plot to perform this research was selected on Hillsborough County property in Tampa, Florida which provided both a relatively shallow groundwater elevation in addition to a clay confining layer at a relatively shallow depth, making this an ideal location for testing the performance of the Injectable BarrierSM. After establishing the native conditions through baseline pump testing and repeating the testing procedure following the installation of the Injectable BarrierSM, a quantification of the reduction in hydraulic conductivity was achieved. Pumping tests were performed on the Injectable BarrierSM at its standard spacing as well as modified versions of the barrier with variation in the lateral spacing to include 6 foot, 4 foot, 3 foot, and 2 foot injection patterns to determine if a modified injection process could improve its performance. The 3 foot lateral spacing corresponding to the standard Injectable BarrierSM process indicated a 20% reduction in the hydraulic conductivity following its installation. By performing a small scale excavation following the completion of all pumping tests, it was discovered that the dispersion of the material in the subsurface appeared insufficient to provide the coverage needed to establish a barrier capable of further reducing the local hydraulic conductivity, especially at the shallowest injection depth of 3 feet below land surface (ft bls). It is concluded that modified amounts of injected material, closer lateral injection spacing, and potentially modified injection temperatures and component ratios could increase the effectiveness of the Injectable BarrierSM.
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7

Baah, Prince. "Cracking Behavior of Structural Slab Bridge Decks." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1417539467.

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8

D'Alessandro, Kacie Caple. "Biaxial Behavior of Ultra-High Performance Concrete and Untreated UHPC Waffle Slab Bridge Deck Design and Testing." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23731.

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Анотація:
Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) was evaluated as a potential material for future bridge deck designs. Material characterization tests took place to identify potential challenges in mixing, placing, and curing UHPC. Biaxial testing was performed to evaluate behavior of UHPC in combined tension and compression stress states. A UHPC bridge deck was designed to perform similarly to a conventional concrete bridge deck, and a single unit bridge deck section was tested to evaluate the design methods used for untreated UHPC. Material tests identified challenges with placing UHPC. A specified compressive strength was determined for structural design using untreated UHPC, which was identified as a cost-effective alternative to steam treated UHPC. UHPC was tested in biaxial tension-compression stress states. A biaxial test method was developed for UHPC to directly apply tension and compression. The influence of both curing method and fiber orientation were evaluated. The failure envelope developed for untreated UHPC with random fiber orientation was suggested as a conservative estimate for future analysis of UHPC. Digital image correlation was also evaluated as a means to estimate surface strains of UHPC, and recommendations are provided to improve consistency in future tests using DIC methods. A preliminary bridge deck design was completed for untreated UHPC and using established material models. Prestressing steel was used as primary reinforcement in the transverse direction. Preliminary testing was used to evaluate three different placement scenarios, and results showed that fiber settling was a potential placement problem resulting in reduced tensile strength. The UHPC bridge deck was redesigned to incorporate preliminary test results, and two single unit bridge deck sections were tested to evaluate the incorporated design methods for both upside down and right-side up placement techniques. Test results showed that the applied design methods would be conservative for either placement method.
Ph. D.
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9

Lacroix, Francis. "Non-Destructive Condition Assessment of Concrete Slabs with Artificial Defects Using Wireless Impact Echo." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41575.

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This thesis presents the development and validation of a new wireless Impact Echo (IE) system for condition assessment of reinforced concrete slabs. The new IE prototype was compared with other commercially available non-destructive testing (NDT) devices used for similar purposes, namely Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) and Ultrasonic Pulse Echo (UPE). Monitoring and structural inspections are critical to effective management of civil infrastructure and NDTs can enhance the quality of condition assessments by providing objective visualizations of the interior of a structural element. The IE method, first developed in the 1980s, has seen few advancements in the last 20 years. The method has been standardized and used on site, but the underlying technology has become outdated. The data obtained from the transducer is difficult to interpret and requires a computer to post-process it before being usable, thus limiting the direct feedback of the method when conducting tests on-site. Because of those limitations and the test being relatively more time consuming than other alternatives, the method is lacking in usability. A new prototype IE device was designed and built by the project industry partner, FPrimeC Solutions. The methodology followed the traditional approach, but it was designed to work with today’s technology. The device is operated wirelessly via a Bluetooth connection, uses smaller-sized electronic components, and connects with a user-friendly interface on a small tablet to set-up the tests and compute the results immediately. The first part of the project focused on product development by testing iterations of the prototype and providing user feedback to improve the device and accompanying software. The second part of the project aimed to validate the new technology using a set of three large reinforced concrete slabs containing artificial defects. The studied points of interest were sound concrete, effect of boundaries and steel reinforcements, vertical cracks, presence of a hollow conduit, artificial voids and delamination. The IE results were also compared with those from commercial GPR and UPE devices. GPR was found to be the quickest method by far, although the results gathered seemed to be limited by the presence of steel reinforcement and also failed to locate certain defects. UPE was a bit slower than GPR, but was generally able to locate more accurately the artificial flaws created in the test specimens. The results showed poor definition of the flaws making it difficult sometimes to properly locate them. The UPE results also seemed to be negatively affected by the presence of reinforcement which were causing frequent abnormal values. Lastly, the IE method was used. This method was greatly improved during the first phase, but it is still a time-consuming method. The value of the data, however, has great potential when compared to the other options. It accurately located most of the flaws generated and was practically unaffected by the presence of steel reinforcing bars. Also, with further analysis of the data, it was possible to determine the depth of some of the flaws accurately. Due to the time-consuming testing phase and the longer analysis of the data required to obtain the higher quality of results, this study suggests that IE is not likely to be the best choice for a general inspection of a large area (depending on the nature of the information needed). Rather, it is suggested to first conduct a general review of the structure using a quicker method like GPR to locate the problematic areas. After that, refining the grid at key locations to test with IE should provide the best quality of data in a reasonable amount of time.
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Ashrafi, Karzan, and Ahmed Ibrahim Ali. "Testning av betongskivor för inredningsändamål." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggteknik (BY), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-104763.

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Detta examensarbete syftar till att utveckla ett nytt sätt att använda betong för inredningsändamål. Betong har alltid använts i större byggnader, infrastruktur och andra kategorier. Nyligen började den moderna inredningen använda betong inomhus, till exempel som bänkskiva eller som en hylla. Arbetet fokuserar på en huvudfråga: Är betong ett bra materialval för inredning? För att besvara denna fråga bestämdes några punkter för att komma till huvudfrågan. Följande punkter behövde testat och analyserad för att komma till svaren:    - Beräkna och testa betongens hållfasthet    - Testa slagtålighet    - Analysera hur betong reagerar med kemikalier med olika pH-värde    - Förhållandet mellan miljö och betong    - Studera produktionen av betong Laborationstest, litteraturskällor och fältstudier användes som metoder för att få ett resultat av ovan nämnda punkter. Resultaten visar att betong kan användas som inredningsändamål och kan användas i större utsträckning än vad som är fallet idag. Sammanfattningsvis är betong ett bra material som används för inredningsändamål och den framtida tekniken kommer att minska koldioxidutsläppen som följer med produktionen av betongen. Det kommer att göra betong ännu bättre som material att använda i framtiden.
The following thesis aims to develop a new way to use concrete as interior material. Concrete has always been used in larger scale buildings, infrastructure and in other categories. Recently the modern interior design started to use concrete indoors for example as countertop or as a shelf. This thesis focuses on one main question: is concrete a good material choice for interior use. To answer that question, we decided to have sub questions to help to get to the main question. The following questions needed test and analysis methods to get to the answers:    - Calculate and test the strength of concrete    - Test impact resistance    - Analyze how concrete reacts with chemicals with different PH-values    - Study the production of concrete    - Relation between environment and concrete Lab tests, literature sources, and field studies was used as methods to answer those questions. The results shows that concrete can be utilized as interior material and can be used to a greater extent than is the case today. In conclusion concrete is a good material as used for interior purposes and the future technology will decrease carbon dioxide emissions that comes with production of the concrete. That will make concrete even better as material to use in the future.
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Книги з теми "Slag Testing"

1

Hunt, Liz. Steel slag in hot mix asphalt concrete: Final report. Salem, Or: Research Group, Oregon Dept. of Transportation, 2000.

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Wiederhorn, S. M. Effect of slag penetration of the mechanical properties of refractories: Final report. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, 1987.

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May, Alexander. Assessment of Ra²²⁶ and toxic element distribution at Tennessee Valley Authority phosphate slag stockpiles, Muscle Shoals, AL. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1990.

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May, Alexander. Assessment of Ra p226 s and toxic element distribution at Tennessee Valley Authority phosphate slag stockpiles, Muscle Shoals, AL. Washington, DC: Dept. of Interior, 1989.

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5

D, Istok J., ed. Aquifer testing: Design and analysis of pumping and slug tests. Chelsea, Mich: Lewis Publishers, 1991.

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6

Butler, James J. The design, performance, and analysis of slug tests. Boca Raton, Fla: Lewis, 1998.

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7

Vedder, Ineke, Inge Bartning, and Maisa Martin. Communicative proficiency and linguistic development: Intersections between SLA and language testing research. [S.l.]: European Second Language Association, 2010.

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Eitel, Amy. Development of a load test for the evaluation and rating of short-span reinforced concrete slab bridges. Cleveland, Ohio: Dept. of Civil Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2002.

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9

Thomas, Carole L. Use of air-pressurized slug tests to estimate hydraulic conductivity at selected piezometers completed in the Santa Fe group aquifer system, Albuquerque area, New Mexico. Albuquerque, N.M: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2000.

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Thomas, Carole L. Use of air-pressurized slug tests to estimate hydraulic conductivity at selected piezometers completed in the Santa Fe Group aquifer system, Albuquerque area, New Mexico. Albuquerque, N.M: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2000.

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Частини книг з теми "Slag Testing"

1

Yilmaz, A., and M. Karaşahin. "Use of Ferrochromium Slag as an Artificial Aggregate in Pavement Layers." In Testing and Specification of Recycled Materials for Sustainable Geotechnical Construction, 132–45. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp49468t.

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Yilmaz, A., and M. Karaşahin. "Use of Ferrochromium Slag as an Artificial Aggregate in Pavement Layers." In Testing and Specification of Recycled Materials for Sustainable Geotechnical Construction, 132–45. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp154020120007.

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3

Kavak, Aydin, Gamze Bilgen, and Omer Faruk Capar. "Using Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag with Seawater as Soil Additives in Lime-Clay Stabilization." In Testing and Specification of Recycled Materials for Sustainable Geotechnical Construction, 481–97. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp49485t.

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Kavak, Aydin, Gamze Bilgen, and Omer Faruk Capar. "Using Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag with Seawater as Soil Additives in Lime-Clay Stabilization." In Testing and Specification of Recycled Materials for Sustainable Geotechnical Construction, 481–97. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp154020120024.

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5

Maliva, Robert G. "Slug, Packer, and Pressure Transient Testing." In Springer Hydrogeology, 213–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32137-0_8.

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6

Coronelli, D., and P. Bamonte. "Slab STRESS – Seismic Testing of a R/C Flat Slab Structure." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 400–409. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23748-6_31.

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7

Harding, Luke, and Benjamin Kremmel. "SLA Researcher Assessment Literacy." In The Routledge Handbook of Second Language Acquisition and Language Testing, 54–66. New York: Routledge, 2020. | Series: The Routledge handbooks in second language acquisition: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351034784-7.

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8

Jović, Nikola, Radomir Mitrović, and Milan Matijević. "Building Remote Lab for Robot SLAM Algorithm Testing." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 640–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49058-8_70.

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9

Rabetti, Tali, Ronny Morad, Alex Goryachev, Wisam Kadry, and Richard D. Peterson. "SLAM: SLice And Merge - Effective Test Generation for Large Systems." In Hardware and Software: Verification and Testing, 151–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03077-7_11.

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10

Paran, Amos, Carol Spöttl, Ulla Ratheiser, and Kathrin Eberharter. "Measuring Literary Competences in SLA." In The Routledge Handbook of Second Language Acquisition and Language Testing, 326–37. New York: Routledge, 2020. | Series: The Routledge handbooks in second language acquisition: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351034784-35.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Slag Testing"

1

"Effects of Alkali-Activation of Slag Concrete." In SP-229: Quality of Concrete Structures and Recent Advances in Concrete Materials and Testing. American Concrete Institute, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/14752.

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Бурьянов, А. Ф., A. F. Bur'yanov, М. А. Смирнов, M. A. Smirnov, Т. Б. Новиченкова, T. B. Novichenkova, К. С. Стученков, and K. S. Stuchenkov. "TESTING OF GEOSYNTHETIC BINDER BASED ON GRANITE AND BATTERY SLAG." In International Scientific and Practical 65th anniversary conference BSTU them. V.G. Shukhov "HIGH-TECH TECHNOLOGIES AND INNOVATIONS (XXIII scientific readings)". Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/conferencearticle_5cecedc150b919.20138439.

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Darquennes, A. "Shrinkage of slag cement concrete in free and restrained conditions." In International RILEM Conference on Volume Changes of Hardening Concrete: Testing and Mitigation. RILEM Publications, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1617/2351580052.018.

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4

Zhou, Jian. "Autogenous deformation of Portland cement paste blended with blast furnace slag measured by mini-TSTM." In International RILEM Conference on Volume Changes of Hardening Concrete: Testing and Mitigation. RILEM Publications, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1617/2351580052.039.

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5

"Comparison of Different Methods for Testing the Pozzolanic Activity of Fly Ashes." In "SP-114: Fly Ash, Silica Fume, Slag, and Natural Pozzolans in Concrete: Proceedings of the Third International Conference". American Concrete Institute, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/2113.

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6

Majewski, Łukasz, Roman Jaskulski, and Wojciech Kubissa. "Influence of partial replacement of sand with copper slag on the thermal properties of hardened concrete." In The 13th international scientific conference “Modern Building Materials, Structures and Techniques”. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mbmst.2019.131.

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The article presents the results of testing the effect of partial replacement of sand with fine copper slag waste on the thermal properties of hardened concrete. The impact of the replacement on mechanical properties (ie. compressive and tensile strength of concrete) was also investigated. The thermal properties of the concrete were determined using the non-stationary method with the ISOMET 2114 device. Tests were performed on concrete containing three different types of cement (CEM I, CEM II and CEM III). A total cement content of 360 kg/m3 was assumed in the compositions of all concrete mixes with a water-cement ratio of 0.45. Replacing 66% of the sand volume with copper slag waste caused a decrease in thermal conductivity by about 4–8% in relation to the reference concrete. In addition, the compressive strength of concrete containing copper slag increased by about from 4–21% in relation to the reference concrete.
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7

Yuen, Simon, David Wang, and Paul Benedictus. "Acoustic Emission Testing of a Process Reactor." In ASME 2005 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2005-71764.

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An Acoustic Emission Test (AET) was performed on a hydrocarbon processing reactor to inspect for environmental cracking in 2000. The thick-wall reactor was built in 1965, fabricated from 2.25Cr-1Mo steel with Type 347 stainless steel weld overlay. Past internal inspections of the reactor using liquid penetrant had revealed cracking at internal ring supports. Such inspections were exhaustive and time consuming. The AET was performed to achieve 100% inspection coverage of the reactor and to identify suspect areas for further evaluation. The test included over-pressurization of the reactor to 10% above its operating pressure before the shutdown and the actual cooling of the reactor from 745°F to 300°F. Upon completion of the acoustic emission (AE) monitoring, significant indications were identified, most noticeably at the reactor dump nozzle and the bottom head to shell weld. Both of these were in areas that had not been inspected previously. Follow-up inspections, including external ultrasonic and internal liquid penetrant test, were performed to investigate all the areas of significant AE activities. The results showed internal cracks isolated to the weld overlay at the catalyst dump nozzle and a 12” long weld slag inclusion in the bottom head to shell weld. A methodology was developed also to evaluation criticality of AE signals during different stages of AE test.
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8

""Comparative Testing of Portland Cement, Fly Ash, Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag and Silica Fume Concretes for Potential Durability"." In "SP-153: Fly Ash, Silica Fume, Slag, and Natural Pozzolans in Concrete Proceedings Fifth International Conference Milwauk". American Concrete Institute, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/1084.

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9

Raju, Thushara, Namitha S, Muhammed Nabil K, Mohammed Rafeeque N. V, Reshma Sundhar, Ramaswamy K. P, and Saraswathy B. "Effect of alkali content and slag content on the fresh and hardened properties of air-cured alkali activated mortar containing fly ash." In International Web Conference in Civil Engineering for a Sustainable Planet. AIJR Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.112.48.

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Alkali Activated Material (AAM) is introduced as a pioneering construction material in the construction diligence to trim down the utilization of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and to curtail the amount of carbon dioxide released during the production of OPC. Modestly refined industrial by products or natural materials rich in alumino silicates are the binding agents used in AAM. Generally, heat curing is needed for the alkali activated mortar to achieve the required hardened properties and this difficulty can be overcome by adding slag to the mix. In this experimental analysis, the alkali activated mortar mixes with different proportions of glassy granulated slag and Class F fly ash were prepared without the usage of superplasticizers, with alkali to binder (a/b) ratios of 0.7, 0.8 and 0.9. The rheological characteristics of mortar were studied using flow table apparatus and hardened properties were studied using compressive strength test and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) test by testing cylindrical specimens of size 25 mm diameter and 50 mm height. The mortar specimens were air-cured, and the compressive strength and UPV test were conducted after 3 and 7 days. The test results showed that due to the presence of higher alkali content and the decrease in slag content, the workability of alkali activated mortar was improved, but the measure of strength decreased. The mix with 100% slag and a/b ratio of 0.8 had the best UPV value, indicating its quality among the various mortar mixes studied. This study portrays the significance of optimising the alkali and slag content in tailor making an alkali activated mortar system with good hardened properties.
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Moran, Traci L., Michael T. Anderson, Anthony D. Cinson, Susan L. Crawford, Matthew S. Prowant, and Carol A. Nove. "Using Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing in Lieu of Radiography for Acceptance of Carbon Steel Plate Welds." In ASME 2014 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2014-28832.

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The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is conducting studies for the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) to assess the capability, effectiveness, and reliability of ultrasonic testing (UT) as a replacement method for radiographic testing (RT) for volumetric examination of nuclear power plant (NPP) components. This particular study focused on evaluating the use of phased-array (PA) UT on carbon steel plate welds. Welding fabrication flaws included a combination of planar and volumetric types; for example, incomplete fusion, lack of penetration, cracks, porosity, and slag inclusions. The examinations were conducted using PAUT techniques applied primarily for detection and flaw type characterization. This paper will discuss the results of using PAUT in lieu of RT for detection and classification of fabrication flaws in carbon steel plate welds.
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Звіти організацій з теми "Slag Testing"

1

CORPS OF ENGINEERS WASHINGTON DC. Engineering and Design: Cement, Slag, and Pozzolan Acceptance Testing. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada404378.

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2

Loewen, Rod. SLAC High Gradient Testing of a KEK X-Band Accelerator Structure. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/763747.

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3

McElwee, Carl D., Brett R. Engard, Brian J. Wachter, Shane A. Lyle, John Healey, and J. F. Devlin. Hydraulic Tomography and High-Resolution Slug Testing to Determine Hydraulic Conductivity Distributions. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada544869.

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4

Engard, Brett R., Carl D. McElwee, Rick Devlin, Brian Wachter, and Benjamin Ramaker. Hydraulic Tomography and High-Resolution Slug Testing to Determine Hydraulic Conductivity Distributions - Year 2. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada478723.

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5

Dahal, Sachindra, and Jeffery Roesler. Passive Sensing of Electromagnetic Signature of Roadway Material for Lateral Positioning of Vehicle. Illinois Center for Transportation, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-039.

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Autonomous vehicles (AV) and advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) offer multiple safety benefits for drivers and road agencies. However, maintaining the lateral position of an AV or a vehicle with ADAS within a lane is a challenge, especially in adverse weather conditions when lane markings are occluded. For significant penetration of AV without compromising safety, vehicle-to-infrastructure sensing capabilities are necessary, especially during severe weather conditions. This research proposes a method to create a continuous electromagnetic (EM) signature on the roadway, using materials compatible with existing paving materials and construction methods. Laboratory testing of the proposed concept was performed on notched concrete-slab specimens and concrete prisms containing EM materials. An induction-based eddy-current sensor and magnetometers were implemented to detect the EM signature. The detected signals were compared to evaluate the effects of sensor height above the concrete surface, type of EM materials, EM-material volume, material shape, and volume of EM concrete prisms. A layer of up to 2 in. (5.1 cm) of water, ice, snow, or sand was placed between the sensor and the concrete slab to represent adverse weather conditions. Results showed that factors such as sensor height, EM-material volume, EM dosage, types of the EM material, and shape of the EM material in the prism were significant attenuators of the EM signal and must be engineered properly. Presence of adverse surface conditions had a negligible effect, as compared to normal conditions, indicating robustness of the presented method. This study proposes a promising method to complement existing sensors’ limitations in AVs and ADAS for effective lane-keeping during normal and adverse weather conditions with the help of vehicle-to-pavement interaction.
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6

Clausen, Jay, D. Moore, K. Miller, and L. Haines-Ecklund. VI preferential pathways of a large government building. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43260.

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Trichloroethylene (TCE) releases from leaks and spills next to a large government building occurred over several decades with the most recent event occurring 20 years ago. In response to a perceived conventional vapor intrusion (VI) issue a sub-slab depressurization system (SSDS) was installed 6 years ago. The SSDS is operating within design limits and has achieved building TCE vapor concentration reductions. However, subsequent periodic TCE vapor spikes based on daily HAPSITE™ measurements indicate additional source(s). Two rounds of smoke tests conducted in 2017 and 2018 involved introduction of smoke into a sanitary sewer and storm drain manholes located on effluent lines coming from the building until smoke was observed exiting system vents on the roof. Smoke testing revealed many leaks in both the storm sewer and sanitary sewer systems within the building. Sleuthing of the VI source term using a portable HAPSITE™ indicate elevated vapor TCE levels correspond with observed smoke emanation from utility lines. Sleuthing activities also found building roof materials explain some of the elevated TCE levels on the 2nd floor. Installation of an external blower in the roof truss space has greatly reduced TCE levels. Preferential VI pathways and unexpected source terms may be overlooked mechanisms as compared to conventional VI.
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7

Clausen, Jay, D. Moore, L. Cain, and K. Malinowski. VI preferential pathways : rule or exception. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41305.

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Анотація:
Trichloroethylene (TCE) releases from leaks and spills next to a large government building occurred over several decades with the most recent event occurring 20 years ago. In response to a perceived conventional vapor intrusion (VI) issue a sub-slab depressurization system (SSDS) was installed 6 years ago. The SSDS is operating within design limits and has achieved building TCE vapor concentration reductions. However, subsequent periodic TCE vapor spikes based on daily HAPSITE™ measurements indicate additional source(s). Two rounds of smoke tests conducted in 2017 and 2018 involved introduction of smoke into a sanitary sewer and storm drain manholes located on effluent lines coming from the building until smoke was observed exiting system vents on the roof. Smoke testing revealed many leaks in both the storm sewer and sanitary sewer systems within the building. Sleuthing of the VI source term using a portable HAPSITE™ indicate elevated vapor TCE levels correspond with observed smoke emanation from utility lines. In some instances, smoke odors were perceived but no leak or suspect pipe was identified suggesting the odor originates from an unidentified pipe located behind or enclosed in a wall. Sleuthing activities also found building roof materials explain some of the elevated TCE levels on the 2nd floor. A relationship was found between TCE concentrations in the roof truss area, plenum space above 2nd floor offices, and breathing zone of 2nd floor offices. Installation of an external blower in the roof truss space has greatly reduced TCE levels in the plenum and office spaces. Preferential VI pathways and unexpected source terms may be overlooked mechanisms as compared to conventional VI.
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8

BOND-SLIP TESTING AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF SEMI-RIGID FLANGE FOLDED WEB SHEAR KEYS. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/ijasc.2022.18.4.3.

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Анотація:
The shear key is crucial to the overall mechanical performance of the structure. A new type of semi-rigid connector-flange folded web shear key was proposed to determine the effective unity of higher bearing capacity and deformation. A total of five groups of specimens were designed, and the push-out test method was used to evaluate the ultimate bearing capacity, bond-slip process, failure mode, and strain distribution of the new shear key. The results show that before sliding, the embedded effect of the concrete and shear key is significant, and it has a significant sliding stiffness. After sliding, the steel plate in the middle of the opening of the outer folded plate buckles, which shows certain semi-rigid characteristics. Compared with equal-area studs, the bearing capacity of the new shear key is increased by more than 40%, and the deformation capacity exceeds 60 %, indicating good bond-slip performance. The constraint range of the shear key is greatly improved compared with the stud, and a trapezoidal area of constraint centered on the shear key is formed, accounting for more than half of the area of the concrete slab. Based on an experimental study, a practical calculation method of ultimate bearing capacity of the shear key is proposed, which can meet engineering safety requirements. Based on the analysis of bond-slip characteristics of different forms of shear keys, compared with the rigid T-shaped shear key, the slip load and ultimate bearing capacity of the new shear key are found to be increased by 39 % and 74 %, respectively, and the deformation capacity is increased more than 10-fold. Compared with the flexible stud shear connectors, the sliding load is increased by 86 %, the ultimate bearing capacity is increased more two-fold, and the stiffness is increased by nearly five times. The device exhibits good comprehensive performance.
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