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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Sire Index"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 8 вересня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Sire Index"

1

Tosh, J. J., and J. W. Wilton. "A terminal-sire index for selecting rams." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 82, no. 4 (December 1, 2002): 591–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a02-024.

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Анотація:
A terminal-sire index for selecting rams was developed. It combines genetic evaluations for growth traits and carcass characteristics measured ultrasonically on live animals into a single criterion. Weightings for component traits are averages from the indexes of four slightly different breeding goals, determined using economic values and parameters from the literature. The weightings for breeding values of component traits are -1.45 for birth weight, +1.86 for weight at 50 d of age, +2.27 for gain from 50 to 100 d, -0.51 for ultrasonic fat depth, and +1.36 for ultrasonic loin muscle depth, in phenotypic standard deviation units. Selection that is based on the index will increase growth while simultaneously decreasing fat and increasing muscle. Key words: Breeding strategies, carcass characteristics, growth, selection, sheep
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2

Wall, E., M. P. Coffey, S. Brotherstone, J. A. Woolliams, and A. P. F. Flint. "Developing a UK Dairy Fertility Index." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2003 (2003): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200012060.

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National dairy records have shown that correlations between production and fertility are generally unfavourable. There has therefore been a genetic downward trend for fertility due to the increase selection pressure on yield and as a genetic problem it requires a genetic solution. The effect of sire genetics on daughter fertility is included in many genetic indices around the world. As part of a DEFRA LINK project to produce an UK fertility index this study estimates genetic parameters and sire predicted transmitting ability (PTAs) for fertility traits in the UK.
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3

Amer, P. R., R. Crump, and G. Simm. "A terminal sire selection index for UK beef cattle." Animal Science 67, no. 3 (December 1998): 445–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800032859.

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AbstractA selection index which incorporates estimated breeding values of traits recorded in the United Kingdom pedigree beef cattle breeds is described. The breeding objective is made up of commercial carcass, calving difficulty and gestation length traits. Economic values for these breeding objective traits are summarized from related studies, while partial genetic regression estimates of breeding objective traits on recorded traits are derived mainly from the literature.The selection index is described in terms of the reduction in expected genetic response from selection on the index when individual recorded traits are omitted and the expected genetic responses in breeding objective traits with selection on the index under the assumption of mass selection. Failure to record all calving traits (birth weight, calving difficulty and gestation length) resulted in a reduction in expected economic response to selection of 8% from the situation where both calving traits and production traits (400-day weight, ultrasonic fat and muscle depths, and muscling score) are recorded. With a few stated exceptions, the index is relatively robust to errors in estimates of individual parameters.It is suggested that the total index be used to assist commercial bull and semen buyers in their selection decisions but that two sub-indices for calving and production traits also be published to allow buyers to adjust emphasis on the two groups of traits depending on their individual production circumstances.
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4

Astriana, Baiq Hilda, and Chandrika Eka Larasati. "Diversitas Plankton di Perairan Pantai Sire Kabupaten Lombok Utara." Jurnal Ilmu Kelautan Lesser Sunda 1, no. 1 (May 27, 2021): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jikls.v1i1.26.

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Анотація:
Plankton has an important role for aquatic ecosystems, especially in the food network in a waters. This study aims to assess the abundance and diversity index of plankton in Sire Beach, North Lombok Regency. The study was conducted in September 2019 using purposive sampling with 9 sample points. The water sample was filtered using plankton net then put into the sample bottle for identification in the laboratory. Shannon-Wienner Index was used for determining diversity of plankton species. The types of plankton found were 12 genera of phytoplankton from the Bacillariophyta group, including: Biddulphia, Coscinodiscus, Cocconeis, Cylindrotheca, Diploneis, Fragilaria, Gyrosigma, Licmophora, Navicula, Nitzschia, Pleurosigma, and Triceratium. The highest abundance of phytoplankton belonged to Coscinodiscus species as many as 1.380 cells/l at station 2.3. The high abundance of Coscinodiscus might be due to a nutrient supply in these waters. Seagrass ecosystem was thought to have an important role in obtaining nutrients for phytoplankton. Diversity index has a value which ranges between 1.117505-1.841236 showing that it is in the medium category. The uniformity index ranges from 0.450718-0.673373 indicating that the distribution of plankton species in each station is even. The dominance index ranges from 0.233508-0.522215. This shows that there is no type of plankton that dominates the waters of Sire Beach. This is due to the abundance of plankton species at each station which is fairly evenly distributed.
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5

van Heelsum, A. M., R. M. Lewis, M. H. Davies, and W. Haresign. "Growth and carcass characteristics in wether lambs of a crossbred dam line." Animal Science 76, no. 1 (February 2003): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800053303.

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Анотація:
AbstractWhile crossing of specialized sire and dam breeds can be biologically efficient overall, a by-product is produced in the form of (crossbred) males of the dam line that are unwanted for breeding. In the UK sheep industry, most commercial females are first crosses between males of ‘longwool’ crossing sire breeds, predominantly the Bluefaced Leicester, and females of hill breeds. Genetic improvement of carcass quality in longwool breeds would benefit the surplus F1 males as well as filter through to the terminal sire cross lambs produced by the F1 ewes. As a first step, this paper aims to describe the growth and carcass characteristics of crossbred ‘Mule’ wether offspring of Bluefaced Leicester sires and Scottish Blackface and Hardy Speckled Face dams, and relate the crossbred performance to the ‘lean’ index and live conformation score of the sires and the breed of the dams. In each of 3 years, 1500 hill ewes divided over three sites were mated to 15 ram lambs, selected using an elliptical design to best represent the full spectrum of lean index (designed to improve muscle and decrease fat content while keeping live weight unchanged) and live conformation score present in the Penglas Bluefaced Leicester Group Breeding Scheme. Full growth and slaughter records were available on 2192 Mule wether lambs slaughtered after reaching finished condition, defined as the borderline between MLC fat class 2 and 3L. Measurements included live weight, ultrasonic muscle and fat depth, live conformation score, carcass hot and cold weight, MLC fat score (on the standard seven-point scale) and conformation score (EUROP and 15-point scale) and a visual estimation of subcutaneous fat cover. Nearly 800 carcasses were dissected; 20% had a full side and 80% a shoulder dissection. In part-dissected carcasses, shoulder dissection results were used to predict the fat and lean content of the other joints. Fat and lean percentages and absolute weights were then regressed on the lean index and the residual live conformation score of the sire. At the same finished condition, Scottish Blackface offspring were heavier, older, and had less fat and more lean based both on ultrasound and on carcass dissection measurements compared with Hardy Speckled Face offspring. The index score of the sire had a positive effect on the lean content and a negative effect on fat content of all joints. Conformation of the sire did not have a significant effect on any of the carcass composition measurements, but most conformation traits measured on the animal itself (live or on the carcass) were positively related to fat and negatively to lean content in the carcass. When taking into account differences in visually assessed subcutaneous fat percentage, the carcass conformation traits persisted only in having a positive effect on carcass fat content; none of the conformation traits had an effect on carcass lean content. The results show that selection of sires on lean index is an effective way to improve carcass composition in Mule wethers, but selection on conformation is ineffective.
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6

Lewis, R. M., G. Simm, W. S. Dingwall, and S. V. Murphy. "Selection for lean growth in terminal sire sheep to produce leaner crossbred progeny." Animal Science 63, no. 1 (August 1996): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800028368.

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AbstractA progeny test was designed to test whether genetic superiority for lean growth in terminal sires is expressed in their crossbred progeny when reared in a different environment. In each of 1986, 1987 and 1988, 22 Suffolk rams were chosen at the conclusion of an indoor, intensive performance testing regime on an index score that rated their propensity for lean growth, while constraining fat growth, at 150 days of age. Half of these rams had high index scores and half had low index scores. In each year, around 400 crossbred ewes were mated and the resulting lambs were finished on grass to one of three target live weights (35·5, 41·5, and 47·0 kg). Shoulder joints were dissected on 1505 lambs whilst half carcasses were dissected on 372 lambs. Double sampling techniques were then used to combine the data from the shoulder and half carcass more precisely to predict the lean, fat and bone weight and content in the carcass.With each increment in target live weight, the carcasses were heavier and had proportionally more fat. The progeny of high index rams consistently had 144 (s.e.d. 32) g more lean, 66 (s.e.d. 12) g more bone, and 186 (s.e.d. 32) g less fat in a 19·7 (s.e. 0·5) kg carcass than progeny of low index rams, from the double sampling procedure. This improved composition reflected a correlated response to ram selection on the index. One standard deviation increase in ram index score corresponded to 51 g more lean and 64 g less fat in the 20 kg carcass of their crossbred offspring. These results show that the use of rams with high lean index scores in a crossbreeding system will produce lambs with leaner carcasses. Visual appraisals of fat and conformation both increased as the weight and, consequently, the fatness of the carcass increased. Offspring of high index rams were consistently scored as less fat than offspring of low index rams. But, at the lighter weights (35·5 and 41·5 kg), they were also scored lower in conformation — in effect, a penalty for their higher genetic merit for lean growth.
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7

Cameron, N. D., and J. Bracken. "Selection for carcass lean content in a terminal sire breed of sheep." Animal Science 54, no. 3 (June 1992): 367–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100020821.

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AbstractA divergent selection experiment for carcass leanness in Texel-Oxford sheep was established to examine the differences between genetically lean and fat animals derived from the same base population. The selection criterion was designed to change body composition without a corresponding change in live weight, using an index of ultrasonic backfat depth and live weight at 20 weeks of age. The index was constructed using estimates of genetic and phenotypic parameters, which were available at the start of the experiment in 1985. The difference between the high and low lines, after 3 years of selection, for the selection index, live weight at 20 weeks of age, ultrasonic backfat and muscle depths was 0·59,1·30 kg, -0·76 mm and 0·88 mm respectively. The estimated difference for carcass lean and fat weight was 0·72 kg and -0·04 kg respectively with 13·5 g/kg and -13·8 g/kg for carcass lean and fat proportion. The realized heritability for the selection index, estimated from the regression of cumulative response on cumulative selection differential was 0·42, with a standard error of 0·25, after taking account of genetic drift. The selection index heritability, estimated with residual maximum likelihood (REML) methodology, was 0·46 (s.e. 0·14). REML heritability estimates for live weight at 20 weeks of age, ultrasonic backfat and muscle depths were 0·20 (s.e. 0·13), 0·35 (s.e. 0·14) and 0·43 (s.e. 0·14) respectively.
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8

McEWEN, P. L., and L. R. SCHAEFFER. "COMPARING MATE QUALITY BETWEEN PROVEN AND UNPROVEN DAIRY BULLS." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 69, no. 1 (March 1, 1989): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas89-008.

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Анотація:
Holstein service sire information was obtained from Eastern Breeders Incorporated to compare mate quality between proven and unproven sires. Proven sires were mated to females having higher conformation scores for final classification, mammary system, feet and legs and rump. Size score of mates favored unproven bulls. Advantages in mate estimated transmitting ability value for milk and fat index favored proven sires by 0.60 and 0.63 BCA points, respectively. In general, the difference in mate quality between the two sire groups was relatively small. However, proven sires showed a slight advantage in mate quality for the majority of traits studied. Key words: Dairy, sire, mate
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9

Famula, T. R. "A comparison of restricted selection index and linear programming in sire selection." Theoretical and Applied Genetics 84-84, no. 3-4 (July 1992): 384–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00229497.

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10

Brotherstone, Susan, and W. G. Hill. "A retrospective evaluation of the weights in the cow genetic index." Animal Science 44, no. 3 (June 1987): 355–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100012289.

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Анотація:
ABSTRACTThe fat plus protein yield of 70 011 records of pedigree British Friesian/Holstein cows was regressed on various components of their dam's Cow Genetic Index (CGI) in order to obtain the regression coefficients for comparison with the index weights currently used in the calculation of the CGI. For the first and later (2 to 5) lactation components of the CGI, the regression coefficients obtained by analysis were consistent with the tabulated index weights, but the coefficients for the sire component tended in some cases to be lower than the table values. The analysis was repeated using only dams that had widely used sires. The partial regression coefficients for the first and later lactation components were again consistent with the tabulated weights, and the coefficient for the sire component lay within one s.d. of the table values. In all cases, a cow's CGI is shown to take full account of her first and later lactation information and her sire's and dam's transmitting abilities.
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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Sire Index"

1

Marquez, Betz Gabriela Carolina. "Index selection in terminal sire sheep: implications for genetic improvement in a crossbreeding system." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/24774.

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Анотація:
Using terminal sires for crossbreeding is standard practice in the UK sheep industry, where over 70% of market lambs have terminal sire breeding. Thus, selection focusing on terminal sires will translate to changes in the entire industry. Consumers perceive lamb meat as fatty and demand for it has decreased. A lean growth index was developed for terminal sire breeds to increase carcass lean content while keeping fat constant at a constant age end point. The purposes of this study were: to evaluate the effects of index selection of terminal sires on their crossbred offspring up to harvest; to evaluate the effectiveness of the index within the terminal sire breeds; to evaluate the presence and consequences of heterogeneous environmental variances and genetics by environment interactions (GxE) on genetic evaluation. The most widely used breeds of terminal sires in the UK are Charollais, Suffolk, and Texel. These breeds participated in sire referencing schemes from the early 1990s by sharing rams selected on the lean growth index. From 1999 to 2002 approximately 15 high and 15 low lean growth index score rams per breed were selected from their sire referencing schemes and mated to Welsh and Scottish Mule ewes. Their crossbred offspring were reared on 3 farms in the UK under commercial conditions. In total, 6,515 lambs were born between 2000 and 2003. Lambs were weighed at birth (BWT), 5 weeks (5WT), and 10 weeks (10WT). The average daily gain (ADG) from birth to 10 weeks was calculated. Lambs were finished to an estimated 11% subcutaneous fat by visual examination. At harvest, they were weighed (HWT), ultrasonically scanned for muscle (UMD) and fat (UFD) depth, and assessed for condition score and conformation. Lambs sired by high index rams were on average, across breeds, heavier at all ages (P < 0.01) with 0.07 ± 0.03, 0.3 ± 0.1, 0.4 ± 0.1, and 1.2 ± 0.2 kg greater BWT, 5WT, 10WT, and HWT respectively. Their ADG was 5.1 ± 1.9 g/d greater than low index sired lambs. They had thicker UMD (0.7 ± 0.2 mm) and thinner UFD (0.08 ± 0.01 mm). High vs. low index sired lambs took the same amount of days to reach harvest fatness. Suffolk-sired lambs were on average heavier, with greater ADG, whereas Charollais-sired lambs were lightest with smallest ADG. Texel-sired lambs had thicker UMD than Charollais (0.7 ± 0.2 mm; P < 0.001) but were not different than Suffolk. Charollais-sired lambs had greater UFD than both Texel- (0.098 ± 0.016 mm) and Suffolk- (0.061 ± 0.017 mm) sired lambs (P < 0.001). Texel-sired lambs reached harvest condition faster than the other breeds (P < 0.01). Index selection produced heavier and leaner lambs at finishing. Producers have flexibility in choosing the terminal sire that best fits their production system. Heteroscedascity and GxE were found to be more important for ultrasonic traits than weight traits. Fitting a farm by sire random interaction component improved model fit, but only accounted for less than 2% of the variation in weight traits. For ultrasonic traits, it accounted for at least 10% of the variation. When fitting traits as separate but correlated by farm, genetic correlations among traits were mostly above 0.8, indicating no GxE. Reactions norms for sires were fitted. For weight traits and UMD, sires had positive slopes (were environmentally sensitive) that were similar in value, thus performance improved with improving environments. For UFD, reaction norm slopes varied form negative to positive, indicating GxE. Consequences of heteroscedasticity are not large for these data, and any consequence of GxE on breeding goals should be evaluated before explicitly modeling it in genetic evaluation. There was evidence of genetic variation in sensitivity of sires; therefore, they could be selected to be more or less sensitive depending on economic considerations.
Ph. D.
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2

Vopicka, Charles Edward. "Estimating site productivity from non-site trees a site index based approach /." CONNECT TO THIS TITLE ONLINE, 2007. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-05302007-162117/.

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3

Klinka, Karel. "Trembling aspen site index in relation to environmental measures of site quality." Forest Sciences Department, University of British Columbia, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/666.

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Trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) is one of the most common tree species in the boreal and temperate forests of North America. It grows on many different sites and associates with a variety of tree species. In BC, aspen is frequent throughout all submontane and montane continental forested zones. Relationships between environmental factors and forest productivity have been the subjects of many studies. Most of these studies, using various topographic, soil, physical and chemical properties as independent variables, had limited success in accounting for the variation in SI over a large geographic area. The objectives of this study were (1) to quantify relationships between aspen SI and environmental factors at two spatial scales, and (2) to develop predictive SI models from easily measurable environmental factors.
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4

Klinka, Karel, David Morley New, and Christine Chourmouzis. "Western larch site index in relation to ecological measures of site quality." Forest Sciences Department, University of British Columbia, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/701.

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Анотація:
A silviculturist needs to know how productivity of all tree species under management varies with the ecological determinants of site quality, i.e., the environmental factors that directly affect the growth of plants - light, heat, soil moisture, soil nutrients, and soil aeration. A good understanding of this variation is necessary for making biologically viable, speciesand site specific silvicultural decisions. Productivity of a given species is usually measured by site index (top tree height at 50 years at breast height age). Quantified relationships between site index of a given species and ecological measures of site quality provide predictive models for estimating site index for all sites on which the species may grow. Western larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.) is an important tree species in southern central and eastern British Columbia. It grows mainly in the IDF, ICH, and MS zones on moderately dry through very moist sites and on poor through very rich sites. In view of this relatively wide ecological amplitude, a large variation in productivity could be expected. In the study summarized here, relationships between larch site index and selected ecological measures of site quality were examined, and a site index model using these measures as predictors was developed.
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5

Klinka, Karel. "Pacific silver fir site index in relation to ecological measures of site quality." Forest Sciences Department, University of British Columbia, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/662.

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Анотація:
Ecosystem-specific forest management requires comprehension of tree species productivity in managed settings, and how this productivity varies with the ecological determinants of site quality, i.e., the environmental factors that directly affect the growth of plants: light, heat, soil moisture, soil nutrients, and soil aeration. A good understanding of this variation is necessary for making species- and site-specific silvicultural decisions to maximize productivity. Productivity of a given species is usually measured by site index (tree height at 50 years at breast height age). Quantitative relationships between site index and these measures of site quality provide predictive models for estimating site index. Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Forbes) is an important timber crop species in the coastal forests of British Columbia. In relation to climate, its range in southwestern British Columbia extends from sea level to almost timberline, and from the hypermaritime region on western Vancouver Island to the subcontinental region on the leeward side of the Coast Mountains. In relation to soils, its range extends from slightly dry to wet sites and from very poor to very rich sites. In view of this relatively wide climatic amplitude, a large variability in productivity can be expected. It is particularly important to consider the growth performance of Pacific silver fir when decisions are made regarding whether or not to cut stands on high-elevation sites. In the study summarized here, relationships between Pacific silver fir site index and selected ecological measures of site quality were examined, and site index models using these measures as predictors were developed.
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6

Klinka, Karel, Han Y. H. Chen, and Christine Chourmouzis. "Trembling aspen site index in relation to site quality in northern British Columbia." Forest Sciences Department, University of British Columbia, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/700.

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Анотація:
Accurate and reliable predictions of site index (height of dominant trees at a reference age, usually 50 years at breast-height) for timber crop species is essential for silvicultural site-specific decision making. Site index can be predicted from site quality once the relationship between site index and site quality has been quantified. Site quality is defined as the sum of all environmental factors affecting the biotic community, such as the factors directly influencing the growth of vascular plants (light, heat, soil moisture, soil nutrients, and soil aeration). Since these factors vary greatly in time, indirect estimates of site quality have widely been used as predictors for site index in various multiple regression models. Trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) is the most widely distributed broadleaf species in British Columbia, especially in the Boreal White and Black Spruce (BWBS) biogeoclimatic zone. Growing this species for sustainable timber production requires a good understanding of its productivity attributes and accurate predictions of its growth. This extension note presents (1) relationships between trembling aspen site index and some indirect measures of site quality, and (2) site index prediction models using the indirect measures of site quality as predictors.
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7

Walters, David K. "An examination of methods for localizing site index equations." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/80109.

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Анотація:
Equations for modeling the height-age pattern of forest trees or stands are typically developed for a given species in a specified region. In order to adequately model height-age patterns, the resulting equations are often quite complex. This study addresses the question of how to increase the accuracy and precision of the prediction of height-age relationships through the use of localized equations. Although the pattern of height-age relationships of loblolly pine plantations was studied, the methodology should prove valuable for other species as well. The Schumacher logarithm of height-reciprocal of age model was fitted to data from loblolly pine plantations to attain an average guide curve. Various methods of localizing this equation to a particular stand were examined. The methods are based on empirical Bayesian, maximum likelihood, and Kalman filter theory. All of these methods employ the general concept of feedback in localizing the simple equation. The best of these various models is compared with the unadjusted model and a more complex polymorphic equation. The adjusted model compares favorably with these other two models.
Master of Science
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8

Klinka, Karel, R. E. (Reid E. ). Carter, and Christine Chourmouzis. "Relationships between coastal Douglas-fir site index and synoptic categorical measures of site quality." Forest Sciences Department, University of British Columbia, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/682.

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Анотація:
Knowledge of ecological characteristics of trees, sites and tree growth on different sites is fundamental for silvicultural decision-making and planning. With the biogeoclimatic ecosystem classification in place, silvicultural management in British Columbia has been given an ecological foundation; however, relationships between growth and site have not yet been fully investigated. The purpose of this study was to determine how height growth of Douglas-fir within the drier portion of the CWH zone varies with site. We adopted site index (m @ 50 yr bh) as a species-specific measure of forest productivity, recognizing that it indicates height growth performance at a selected point in time. If forest productivity is correlated with ecological measures of site quality, what site factors should be used to quantify the relationships? Because of compensating effects, the numerous site factors can be reduced to four primary (synoptic) factors that directly affect plant establishment and growth: climate (light and temperature), soil moisture, soil nutrients, and soil aeration (not used in this study).
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9

Karellis, Angeliki. "Development of risk-index tool to predict surgical site infections." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=117077.

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Анотація:
Surgical site infections (SSI) are one of the most common complications following surgery. SSIs can incur many consequences for the patient including extended hospital stay, increased hospital costs, increased risk of entering the ICU as well as increased risk of morbidity and mortality. There are three types of SSIs: superficial incisional SSIs, the most common yet the least severe, deep incisional SSIs and organ/space SSIs, the most life-threatening. Due to the high emergence of resistant bacteria, treatment with common antibiotics is ineffective in the majority of patients with an SSI. Therefore, more attention must be paid preoperatively and intraoperatively to prevent SSIs rather than to treat these infections. The data of the literature have identified risk factors that predispose surgical patients to SSIs, however validated risk-index tools have not been developed to quantify the risk of SSI. The data for this study was obtained from the NSQIP (National Surgical Quality Improvement Program) database established at the JGH and included patients undergoing surgery at this institution between November 2009 and December 2011. The database was selected because it is prospective, non-biased and comprehensive. Bivariate analyses and stepwise multivariate logistic regression were used to identify the following five risk factors that were independently and significantly associated with the risk of an SSI: male gender, inpatient status, hypertension, corticosteroid use and partial or total dependence for everyday activities prior to surgery. Logistic regression models with an ROC curve analysis were used to develop a risk scoring tool for SSI and limits for incremental risk categories. Patients with a score below 43.17 were at low-risk, those with a score between 43.17 and 63.40 were at moderate-risk and those with a score above 63.40 were at high-risk for SSI development. Compared to low-risk patients, moderate-risk patients had a relative risk of 3.963 (p<0.001, 95% CI=2.58-6.08) of developing an SSI and high-risk patients had a relative risk of 6.48 (p<0.001, 95% CI=4.16-10.10) of acquiring an SSI. Overall, approximately 3% of low-risk patients, 10% of moderate-risk patients and 16% of high-risk patients of the NSQIP database developed any type of SSI. In this study, a simple risk tool for quantifying SSI risk created at the JGH was developed. The tool has external validity for the JGH population. Validation in other populations will be required in future studies.
Les infections du site opératoire (ISO) constituent une des plus fréquentes complications à la suite d'une chirurgie. Les ISOs ont plusieurs conséquences chez le patient incluant un séjour prolongé à l'hôpital, des coûts d'hôpitaux plus élevés, un risque plus accru de requérir des soins intensifs ainsi qu'un risque de morbidité et de mortalité plus élevé. Il existe trois types d'ISOs : ISO incisionelle superficielle, le plus commun néanmoins le moins sérieux, ISO incisionelle profonde et ISO d'organe et/ou d'espace, le plus dangereux des trois. À cause de l'émergence accrue des bactéries résistantes aux antibiotiques, les traitements de certaines ISOs sont inefficaces chez la majorité des patients avec une ISO. En conséquence, plus d'attention doit être fournie avant et pendant la chirurgie afin de prévenir à tout prix les ISOs au lieu de se concentrer sur les traitements de cettes infections. Les données pris de la littérature scientifique ont identifié des facteurs de risque qui prédisposent les patients chirurgicaux pour le développement des ISOs. Cependant, aucun modèle de risque valide n'a été produit afin de quantifier le risque de développer un ISO. Les données pour cette étude ont été obtenues grâce à la base de données NSQIP (National Surgical Quality Improvement Program) établie à l'Hôpital Général Juif et incluent les patients qui ont subi une chirurgie à cet hôpital entre novembre 2009 et décembre 2011. Nous avons choisi d'utiliser la base de données NSQIP puisqu'elle est prospective, impartiale et compréhensive. Des analyses bivariées et des régressions logistiques multivariées ont été employées afin d'identifier les cinq facteurs de risque suivants qui sont indépendamment et significativement associés avec le risque d'un ISO : le sexe male, l'hospitalisation du patient, l'hypertension, l'usage de corticostéroïdes et la dépendance (partielle ou totale) pour des activités quotidiennes avant la chirurgie. Des modèles de régression logistique avec une analyse de courbe ROC ont été utilisés pour développer un outil de pointage de risque pour ISO et délimite les catégories en incréments de risque. Les patients avec un score inférieur de 43.17 sont considérés des patients à risque minime de développer un ISO, ceux avec un score entre 43.17 et 63.40 ont un risque modéré d'acquérir un ISO et ceux avec un score de 63.40 ou plus haut ont un risque élevé pour le développement d'un ISO. Comparé à des patients qui ont un risque minime, les patients avec risque modéré ont un risque relatif de 3.96 fois (p<0.001, 95% CI=2.58-6.08) de développer un ISO et les patients à risqué élevé ont un risque relatif de 6.48 (p<0.001, 95% CI=4.16-10.10) d'acquérir un ISO. Dans cette étude, un outil de risque simple afin de quantifier le risque d'ISO à l'hôpital Général Juif a été développé. L'outil possède la validité externe pour la population de cet hôpital. La validation pour les autres populations sera requise dans des études futures.
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10

Wenceslao, Pablo Daniel. "Kinetic index : an exploration of site and program in flux." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34420.

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Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2006.
Page 61 blank.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-60).
Sites and programs are in constant flux and are affected by environmental, social, and economic forces they encounter. This thesis explores the ways kinetic architecture mediates between the site and programs in flux. Programmatic flux requires the architecture to adapt through overlapping and transformable space while responding to the forces on the site through an understanding of their paths and boundaries. Kinetic spaces are carefully programmed to allow for flexibility over time but are also conscious in preventing under-programmed or unprogrammed space. Site and program interact through the exchange of social and environmental forces that impact each other simultaneously. The forces on the site will not only affect the architecture but the architecture will have an important impact on the reconstructed site and its environment.
by Pablo Daniel Wenceslao.
M.Arch.
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Книги з теми "Sire Index"

1

Food, Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and. Production Dollar Index: A Semi-Annual Report on Sire Appraisal. S.l: s.n, 1986.

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2

Edminster, Carleton B. Site index curves for aspen in the central Rocky Mountains. [Fort Collins, Colo.]: USDA, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1985.

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3

Payandeh, Bijan. Predictability of site index from soil factors and lesser vegetation in northern Ontario forest types. Sault Ste. Marie, Ont: Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1986.

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4

Edminster, Carleton B. Site index curves for aspen in the central Rocky Mountains. Fort Collins, Colo.]: USDA, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1985.

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5

Carmean, Willard H. Site index curves for forest tree species in the eastern United States. St. Paul, Minn: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station, 1989.

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6

Cochran, P. H. Site index, height growth, normal yields, and stocking levels for larch in Oregon and Washington. [Portland, Or.?]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1985.

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7

Cochran, P. H. Site index, height growth, normal yields, and stocking levels for larch in Oregon and Washington. [Portland, Or.?]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1985.

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8

Cochran, P. H. Site index, height growth, normal yields, and stocking levels for larch in Oregon and Washington. [Portland, Or.?]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1985.

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9

Means, Joseph E. Height growth and site index curves for Douglas-fir on dry sites in the Willamette National Forest. [Portland, Or.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1985.

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10

Hoyer, Gerald E. Height-age and site index curves for Pacific silver fir in the Pacific Northwest. Portland, Or: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1989.

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Частини книг з теми "Sire Index"

1

"Prefiguration and Emancipatory Critical Pedagogy: The Learning Side of Practice." In Index, 76–90. Bristol University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51952/9781529215687.ch005.

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2

Doley, Amitav, Jibonjyoti Buragohain, and A. Bharali. "Inverse Sum Indeg Index of Subdivision, t-Subdivision Graphs, and Related Sums." In Handbook of Research on Advanced Applications of Graph Theory in Modern Society, 104–19. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9380-5.ch005.

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The inverse sum indeg (ISI) index of a graph G is defined as the sum of the weights dG(u)dG(v)/dG(u)+dG(v) of all edges uv in G, where dG(u) is the degree of the vertex u in G. This index is found to be a significant predictor of total surface area of octane isomers. In this chapter, the authors present some lower and upper bounds for ISI index of subdivision graphs, t-subdivision graphs, s-sum and st -sum of graphs in terms of some graph parameters such as order, size, maximum degree, minimum degree, and the first Zagreb index. The extremal graphs are also characterized for their sharpness.
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3

"Index." In Implant Site Development, 429–38. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119136194.index.

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4

"Index." In Landscape Site Grading Principles, 298–304. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119174868.index.

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5

"Index." In Y-Size Your Business, 225–31. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118271803.index.

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6

"Index." In World Right Side Up, 293–305. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119205173.index.

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7

"Index." In Unpacking Construction Site Safety, 191–96. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118817261.index.

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8

"Index." In SketchUp for Site Design, 381–87. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118985038.index.

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9

"Index." In Site Fights, 243–54. Cornell University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9780801458255-017.

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10

"Index." In Side Dishes, 201–8. Rutgers University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36019/9780813548531-012.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Sire Index"

1

Ramaswamy, R. V., T. Horton, and P. G. Suchoski. "Graded Index Ti: LiNbO3 Waveguides: Process Optimization." In Gradient-Index Optical Imaging Systems. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/giois.1987.thb4.

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Channel waveguides with minimum mode size, and electrode patterns that maximize the overlap integral between the guided optical field and the applied modulating field are essential for efficient operation of Ti diffused LiNbO3 modulators, switches and other active guided wave devices. Previous efforts have concentrated on improving the coupling efficiency of Ti:LiNbO3 waveguides to single mode fibers. A total fiber-waveguide-fiber insertion loss of 1 dB at 1.32 μm in a z-cut LiNbO3 crystal was achieved [1] by carefully selecting the fabrication parameters so that the TE and TM modal width and depth nearly matched that of a single mode fiber, specifically for guides with Ti strip widths in the range of 6 -10 μm. These waveguides, however, are not quite suitable for efficient active, guided wave device operation, due to their large mode size. Instead, minimum mode size waveguides are required for the maximization of the overlap integral between the optical and modulating fields. It is recognized that the coupling of suchwaveguides to single mode fibers will result in a large mode mismatch loss. In order to reduce this coupling loss to a reasonable value, it is necessary to incorporate a tapered transition [2] between the small mode size LiNbO3 guide and the single mode fiber.
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2

Pankratov, Michail M. "Algorithm to Select the GRIN Lens and Calculate its Length for Variable Magnification Photocoagulating Endoprobe." In Gradient-Index Optical Imaging Systems. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/giois.1987.fa4.

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The probe currently available for intraocular photocoagulation consists of a single quartz fiber that delivers a diverging beam. The surgeon must estimate the beam diameter and its irradiance on the target. As the optical medium inside the eye changes during surgery, beam divergence and other related beam parameters (diameter and irradiance) also change. Our goal was to design a probe that: (1) delivers a converging beam with a known waist at a known distance in front of the tip; (2) maintains waist size regardless of changing optical media; (3) has an array of spot sizes; (4) has an unchanged output power at the exit from the probe for all spots in the spot size range (SSR) for any constant-input laser; and (5) has a total diameter of 0.9 mm.
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3

Wu, Shang Pin, Eisuke Nihei, and Yasuhiro Koike. "The Large Dimensional Radial Grin Polymer." In Gradient-Index Optical Imaging Systems. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/giois.1994.gwb2.

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Recently, the optical technology has progressed with various kinds of materials. The graded index optical materials are expected as rod lens, low chromatic aberration lens, and high bandwidth optical fibers1)-3) etc. Nowadays, most of practically used GRIN material are made by inorganic materials. On the other hand, it has been reported that the GRIN material can be synthesized by organic material more easily and mildly than inorganic materials4). Regardless of the inorganic or organic materials, the GRIN materials so far have only the small size in diameter as ϕ =10 mm, which is too small to be used as eyeglasses or camera lenses.
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4

Xu, Xiaojie J., and Michael E. Savard. "The Preparation of Macro Axial Gradient Index Glasses for F/3 Singlet Lenses." In Gradient-Index Optical Imaging Systems. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/giois.1994.gwa2.

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Macro-size axial gradient index glasses with different refractive index profiles have been produced by fusing together layers of glasses of progressively different indices of refraction. Smooth, step-free gradients are formed by controlled diffusion within and across the layers. The refractive index profiles and wavefront distortions of the lens blanks made from these materials were characterized. Different F/3 singlet lenses were designed and fabricated using these gradient glasses. The performance of these gradient lenses were tested using MTF and interferogram methods. These lenses, having only spherical surfaces, have practically no spherical aberration, and the on-axis performance reached diffraction limit. The methods of preparation of the gradient materials are discussed as well as the advantageous properties of macro gradients in optics.
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5

Tagantsev, D. K., G. I. Kurbatova, and Yu G. Korolyov. "Technology of Ultra-Thin Graded-Index Objective." In Gradient-Index Optical Imaging Systems. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/giois.1994.gtue4.

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It is known1 that the cylindrical glass sample π/2g long with the radial distribution of refractive index works as an objective, where n is the refractive index, no is the refractive index at the objective axis, g = 2 n 0 Δ n is a constant which characterizes the optical power of the objective, Δn is the refractive index drop between the side surface of the objective and its axis, h i are aberration coefficients, r is the current radius. One of the most wide-spread methods of creating the racial refractive index distribution is an ion-exchange diffusion2. The basis of such technology is the ability of alkali cations of glasses to exchange with the alkali cations of salt melts. The exchange is carried out at temperatures near glass transition ones.
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6

"Author index." In SICE 2002. Proceedings of the 41st SICE Annual Conference. IEEE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sice.2002.1195639.

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7

"Author index." In SICE 2002. Proceedings of the 41st SICE Annual Conference. IEEE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sice.2002.1195396.

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8

"Author index." In SICE 2002. Proceedings of the 41st SICE Annual Conference. IEEE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sice.2002.1195505.

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9

"Author index." In SICE 2002. Proceedings of the 41st SICE Annual Conference. IEEE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sice.2002.1195843.

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10

"Author index." In SICE 2002. Proceedings of the 41st SICE Annual Conference. IEEE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sice.2002.1196652.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Sire Index"

1

Harrington, Constance A., and Robert O. Curtis. Height growth and site index curves for red alder. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-rp-358.

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2

Parresol, Bernard R., and John S. Vissage. White Pine Site Index for the Southern Forest Survey. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/srs-rp-010.

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3

Parresol, Bernard R., and John S. Vissage. White Pine Site Index for the Southern Forest Survey. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/srs-rp-10.

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4

Dolph, K. Leroy. Polymorphic site index curves for red fir in California and southern Oregon. Berkeley, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/psw-rp-206.

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5

Carmean, Willard H., Jerold T. Hahn, and Rodney D. Jacobs. Site index curves for forest tree species in the eastern United States. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nc-gtr-128.

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6

Gaponenko, Artiom, and Vitaly Gaponenko. Site «Gaponenko Artiom Vasilievich – autobiography and results of scientific and pedagogical activity». Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/www.gaponenko.info.

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The site of Artiom Vasilyevich Gaponenko (https://www.gaponenko.info/) is intended to give a holistic view of the personality and the results of the scientific and pedagogical activity of the author. The site contains an autobiography, a list of scientific and pedagogical works, a link to the developed educational system MLESYS (https://mlesys.ru/), as well as information about advanced training, professional retraining and participation of A.V. Gaponenko. in competitions. At the bottom of the site page there is a personal Science Index counter (RSCI), there is a link to the author's portfolio.
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7

Considine, Jennifer, Philip Galkin, and Abdullah Aldayel. Global Crude Oil Storage Index: A New Benchmark for Energy Policy. King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30573/ks--2022-mp01.

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The global oil market dwarfs other commodity markets. Its size and role in the energy and industrial value chains underscore its significant economic and geopolitical impacts. Thus, the consequences of oil price fluctuations extend far beyond the oil industry and can be viewed as a barometer of trends in the global economy. Several oil price benchmarks currently compete in the global market. The most popular ones, such as Brent or West Texas Intermediate (WTI), are backed by a sufficient supply of the underlying crude. They also meet the criteria for efficient trading, hedging and speculating — including having sufficient liquidity, developed futures markets, low transaction costs and strong institutional support.
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8

Vissage, John S., Travis R. Greer, and Thomas J. Brandeis. Site class and site index: two estimates of site quality for the Southern Research Station Forest Inventory and Analysis Program. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/srs-rn-25.

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9

Vissage, John S., Travis R. Greer, and Thomas J. Brandeis. Site class and site index: two estimates of site quality for the Southern Research Station Forest Inventory and Analysis Program. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/srs-rn-25.

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10

Hoyer, Gerald E., and Francis R. Herman. Height-age and site index curves for Pacific silver fir in the Pacific Northwest. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-rp-418.

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