Готові списки джерел за темами / Short EFT

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  2. Дисертації
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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Short EFT"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 11 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Short EFT"

1

O’Donnell, Sara, Kelseanna Hollis-Hansen, and Leonard Epstein. "Mix and Match: An Investigation into Whether Episodic Future Thinking Cues Need to Match Discounting Delays in Order to Be Effective." Behavioral Sciences 9, no. 1 (December 21, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs9010001.

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Анотація:
Episodic future thinking (EFT), or prospectively imagining yourself in the future, has been developed into an intervention tool to reduce delay discounting (DD), or the preference for smaller immediate over larger future rewards, and to make healthier choices that promote long-term health rather than short-term enjoyment. Most EFT interventions use EFT cues whose future events match the time delays of the DD task, which may limit the utility of EFT. The current study (N = 160, Mage = 35.25, 47.5% female) used a 2 × 2 factorial design with type of episodic thinking (matched, unmatched) and temporal perspective (EFT, episodic recent thinking (ERT)) as between-subject factors to investigate whether there were differences in DD for groups that had EFT cues matched to the time delays of the DD task in comparison to cues with unmatched temporal delays. The results showed EFT reduced DD compared to ERT controls, and no differences emerged between matched and unmatched EFT groups. Our findings suggest that either the process of generating EFT cues or the use of any positive and vivid future event, regardless of whether it is matched to the DD task, can reduce DD.
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2

Halamová, Júlia, Martin Kanovský, Karolína Varšová, and Nuriye Kupeli. "Randomised controlled trial of the new short-term online emotion focused training for self-compassion and self-protection in a nonclinical sample." Current Psychology 40, no. 1 (July 30, 2018): 333–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12144-018-9933-4.

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AbstractThe Emotion Focused Training for Self-Compassion and Self-Protection (EFT-SCP) is an intervention developed to increase skills of self-compassion and protective anger with the aim to decrease self-criticism. This novel intervention was developed on the basis of the latest findings on self-criticism from Emotion-focused therapy and previous programs cultivating compassion (namely Compassion Mind Training and Mindful Self-Compassion Program). According to existing research, simply cultivating self-compassion is not always sufficient in reducing self-criticism. Therefore, the EFT-SCP was designed to build self-compassion whilst developing protective anger to combat self-criticism. Our goal was to investigate the efficacy of this new, short-term, online EFT-SCP program in a non-clinical population. A randomized control trial was conducted with pre- and post-intervention measurements and two-month follow-up of self-compassion and self-criticism/reassurance. Convenience sampling was used to recruit participants through a snowballing technique on social media. A total of 123 participants were randomly allocated to the EFT-SCP intervention or to a control condition. The intervention group were instructed through emails to complete an EFT-SCP task every day for 14 consecutive days. The control group did not complete any tasks. Out of 123 participants, 31 from intervention group and 20 from control group completed all measurements. There was a significant effect of the EFT-SCP on increasing self-compassion and self-reassurance scores as reported at two-month follow-up. The EFT-SCP was also effective at reducing self-uncompassionate responding and self-criticism (specifically Hated self) with changes evident at two months post-intervention. These findings are encouraging and suggest that interventions designed to enhance self-compassion and decrease self-criticism can be delivered to broader populations without the direct contact with mental health professionals.
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3

Rostamzadeh, Alireza, Kamal Khademvatani, Mir Hossein Seyed Mohammadzadeh, Shahrzad Ashori, Mojgan Hajahmadi Poorrafsanjani, Behzad Rahimi, and Behshid Ghadrdoost. "Association of epicardial fat thickness assessed by echocardiography with the severity of coronary artery disease." Journal of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Research 12, no. 2 (May 31, 2020): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/jcvtr.2020.19.

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Introduction : Epicardial fat thickness (EFT) can reflect risk of cardiovascular disease particularly coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of this study was to investigate the association of EFT assessed by echocardiography and presence as well as severity of CAD. Methods: Two hundred and twenty consecutive patients who candidate for coronary angiography because of possible CAD were studied. EFT was evaluated in standard parasternal long axis (PlAX) and parasternal short axis (PSAX) view from 3 cardiac cycles at the end of systole and diastole. The severity of CAD was defined in two ways: (1) SYNTAX score, (2) number of vessels with significant lesion. Results: PLAX (EFTS ) (EFT in systole) and PLAX (EFTd ) (EFT in diastole) were significantly higher in patients with CAD in comparison with patients without CAD (P = 0.046, P = 0.041 respectively). There was a significant correlation between PLAX (EFTS ) (P = 0.05), PLAX (EFTd ) (P = 0.04) and SYNTAX score. There was no statistically significant relationship between EFT and number of diseased vessel (P > 0.05). Multivariate analysis was done for adjusting the effects of confounding factors and it showed that EFT (OR: 10.53, P = 0.004) was significantly correlated severe CAD as assessed by the SYNTAX score. Conclusion: EFT assessed by transthoracic echocardiography was higher significantly in patients with CAD than in normal patients. EFT as an easily available and cost-effective echocardiographic feature might be useful to predict complexity of CAD.
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4

Halamová, Júlia, and Martin Kanovský. "Emotion-focused training for emotion coaching – an intervention to reduce self-criticism." Human Affairs 29, no. 1 (January 28, 2019): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/humaff-2019-0003.

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Abstract Emotion-Focused Training for Emotion Coaching (EFT-EC) is based on Emotion-focused Therapy findings and was developed to help participants deepen their emotional skills. The goal was to examine the efficacy of a 12-week EFT-EC group program the level of emotion intelligence, self-compassion and self-criticism in a student population. A quasi-experiment with no control group was conducted with pre- and post-measurements using The Self-compassion scale (SCS), the Forms of Self-Criticising/Attacking & Self-Reassuring Scale (FSCRS), and the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire – short form (TEIQue-SF). The EFT-EC participants were128 students. The EFT-EC intervention had a significant effect on self-criticism and self-control latent scores as reported at post-measurement. The structural equation model with latent variables was not an adequate fit for the rest of the subscales. These results are promising and suggest that interventions intended to enhance emotion skills can also reduce self-criticism even when not directly addressing it.
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5

Zakaria, Izzatie, and Nor Azzyati Hashim. "Evaluating the Usability of Emergency Fund Target Web System among Young Adults." Journal of Computing Research and Innovation 2, no. 4 (January 30, 2018): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jcrinn.v2i4.60.

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Young adults need to know the importance of having a good financial management to prevent the engagement in extensive debt. One of the ways is by having saving for emergency fund. Emergency fund is vital as it can be used during any unwanted events such as job loss, health emergency and other unexpected expenses. Most existing web systems for personal financial management are more towards budgeting and tracking e xpenditures. Thus, to encourage people especially young adults to build emergency fund, a web system called Emergency Fund Target (EFT) was developed. This paper investigates the ease - of - use and benefits of EFT web system among young adults. Evaluation for this web system using usability testing involved 15 young adults who already being employed. From the findings, it is discovered that EFT system is easy to use and enables users to learn about emergency fund in order to use the system to keep track their saving for emergency fund. For the future works o f EFT, the web system will enhance to advice users who has completed the emergency fund saving on moving into investment for short, medium and long term financial goals.
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6

SEKLOKA, EMMANUEL, JACQUES LANÇON, ERIC GOZE, BERNARD HAU, SYLVIE LEWICKI-DHAINAUT, and GRÉGOIRE THOMAS. "BREEDING NEW COTTON VARIETIES TO FIT THE DIVERSITY OF CROPPING CONDITIONS IN AFRICA: EFFECT OF PLANT ARCHITECTURE, EARLINESS AND EFFECTIVE FLOWERING TIME ON LATE-PLANTED COTTON PRODUCTIVITY." Experimental Agriculture 44, no. 2 (April 2008): 197–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479708006157.

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SUMMARYIn most cotton-growing regions of West and Central Africa where rainfed conditions prevail, cropping conditions are highly diversified since the crop is planted over an extended period. We studied production and development patterns in 10 cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) varieties to determine the most efficient strategies that could be transformed into breeding traits. Four trials were carried out between 2002 and 2003 in two cotton-growing areas in Benin to compare the 10 varieties at three stand densities and two planting dates. The parameters monitored were the mean first flower opening date (FF), effective flowering time (EFT), plant height at harvest (HH), height to node ratio (HNR), length of fruiting branch (LFB), number of vegetative branches (NVB) and average boll retention at the first position of the fruiting branches (RP1). We identified two ideotypes that yielded better than the others: (i) Mar 88-214 performed well under late planting–high stand density conditions and was characterized by low vegetative growth and early flowering onset, a short flowering period and low RP1; (ii) H 279-1 performed especially well under early planting–low stand density conditions and was characterized by high vegetative growth, late flowering, long EFT and high RP1. We propose a breeding strategy for both ideotypes based on seven indicators with high heritability (FF, HH, HNR, and LFB) or medium heritability (NVB, EFT, and RP1).
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7

Krajčíková, Lenka. "(Ne)závislosť na poli: kognitívny štýl či schopnosť?" TESTFÓRUM 6, no. 10 (September 26, 2017): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/tf2017-10-175.

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Анотація:
Predkladaný krátky článok pojednáva o testovaní kognitívneho štýlu závislosti/nezávislosti na poli podľa Witkina. Tento kognitívny štýl popísaný v 50. rokoch bol v niekoľkých posledných dekádach vystavený kritike, ktorá sa na jednej strane týka samotnej definície kognitívneho štýlu, na strane druhej i metód, ktoré sú k testovaniu tohto štýlu používané. V práci sa čitateľ dozvie ako o metódach testovania závislosti/nezávislosti na poli tak o kritike tohto konceptu. Hlavným zámerom článku je poskytnúť historický exkurz do testovania kognitívneho štýlu závislosti/nezávislosti na poli pomocou testu k tomu pôvodne určenému (Embedded Figures Test). Čitateľ sa dozvie o nejednoznačnosti použitia testu EFT a pochybnostiach o tom, že skutočne testuje spomínaný kognitívny štýl. Test samotný bude predstavený v novom svetle potenciálne zaujímavého nástoja na testovanie priestorovej kognitívnej schopnosti či všeobecnej inteligencie, čo je však nutné ďalším výskumom objasniť. Presented short paper deals with testing of cognitive style of field dependence/independence by Herman Witkin. This cognitive style described in fifties was wildly criticized in last couple of decades. The criticism was aimed towards the definition of a cognitive style and also towards methods evaluating and testing this so called cognitive style. The paper describes various methods of testing this style and provides brief overview of a criticism of the concept. The main goal of this paper is to provide a historical overview of testing cognitive style of field dependence/independence and to evaluate test created for that purpose (Embedded Figures Test). The reader will find out that EFT is not a completely valid method of testing cognitive style mentioned above and there are some doubts about what this test is really measuring. EFT will be introduced from a slightly different angle, as an interesting method of testing spatial cognitive ability or general intelligence, but these new options of use of EFT require further research.
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8

Rodríguez‐González, Martiño, Maria Schweer‐Collins, Paul S. Greenman, Marie‐France Lafontaine, Maria-Dolores Fatás, and Jonathan G. Sandberg. "Short‐Term and Long‐Term Effects of Training in EFT: A Multinational Study in Spanish‐speaking Countries." Journal of Marital and Family Therapy 46, no. 2 (April 2020): 304–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jmft.12416.

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9

Zhou, Qin Tao, Hua Dong, En Ze Zhou, and Wei Yi. "Simulation of Solar Assisted Ground Source Heat Pump System in Different Regions." Advanced Materials Research 354-355 (October 2011): 798–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.354-355.798.

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This study presents a simulation approach to assess the viability of solar assisted ground source heat pump system in different regions of China. A short time step model of ground loop exchanger is employed in the simulation with a 30% solar fraction. Weather data files used in the simulation are created based on Chinese Typical Year Weather (CTYW) data. Borehole length is optimized with a safety stop temperature of 0°C. The minimum Entering Fluid Temperature (EFT) decreases 1.3°C after 20-year simulation time and the team effect of ground loop exchangers is weaken as a result of spontaneous recovery of storage temperature. Borehole length replaced by area of solar collector ranges from 3.9m to 2.5m in the six cities. The results show that the annual performance of ground loop exchanger is low in heating-dominated regions and a solar assisted ground source heat pump (SAGSHP) system is needed in order to improve the system performance.
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BARÁNKOVÁ, Martina, and Katarína VAĎUROVÁ. ""Effectiveness of Emotion Focused Training for Self-Compassion and Self-Protection in Individuals with Increased Narcissism"." Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies 22, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 169–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/jebp.2022.1.9.

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"Objective: The goal of the study was to map out the effectiveness of a 14-day online intervention (EFT-SCP) focused on self-compassion and self-protection in people with an increased level of narcissism. Method: The research sample consisted of 63 participants, 19 men and 44 women, aged 21 to 70 years (M = 32.49; SD = 15.73). Participants were randomly assigned to intervention group (N = 32) or to the passive control group (N = 31). Results: The results indicate that the self-compassion level in the experimental group did not increase following the intervention. However, the same group scored significantly lower on self-criticism after taking part in the intervention. Conclusion: Short term online intervention was able to decrease self-criticism in subclinical population with increased traits of narcissism but was not effective in increasing self-compassion. It seems that in individuals with increased narcissism, it could take longer to develop kind and warm feelings towards self, connected to self-compassion. The process of decreasing self-criticism was effective and could be the starting point for further cultivating of self."
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Дисертації з теми "Short EFT"

1

Mezzedimi, Marcello. "A defensive investment strategy for portfolio alpha return and market risk reduction." Doctoral thesis, Luiss Guido Carli, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11385/200901.

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2

Nilsson, Roland. "The market impact of short-sale constraints." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Economic Research Institute, Stockholm School of Economics (EFI), 2005. http://web.hhs.se/efi/summary/671.htm.

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3

Taylor, William Nelson. "Do Not Eat Fish from These Waters and Other Stories." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1995. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278886/.

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Earl suffers from a guilty obsession with a monster catfish. Eddie Klomp searches dog tracks for the ghosts of his lost childhood. Mike Towns is a hopeless blues musician who loses everything he cares for. Blair Evans learns to love a pesky wart. Americana becomes confused with the difference between knowledge and sex. Do Not Eat Fish from These Waters And Other Stories is a collection of short stories that explores the strange and often defeated lives of these Southern characters (and one from the point-of-view of a feral hog). Each man, woman, and hog flails through a period of potential metamorphosis trying to find some sort of meaning and worth in the past, present and future. Not all of these characters succeed.
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4

Neubert, Timothy Miles James A. "Money market funds vs. ultra-short bond funds." [University Park, Pa.] : Pennsylvania State University, 2009. http://honors.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/EHT-35/index.html.

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5

Hill, A. J. "Investigation of some short-term influences on hunger, satiety and food consumption in man." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376512.

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6

Engwers, Anton. ""In that case I choose to work with short stories" : A study about how English short stories are taught by nine upper secondary school teachers in Sweden and said teachers’ attitudes towards short stories." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för utbildning, kultur och kommunikation, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-53345.

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Reading English literature can help learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) to develop their reading ability as well as other language skills. Reading can also have other benefits for EFL students such as learning about the target language’s culture or learn about an English variety in written form. This present study investigates what types of literature are used in Swedish upper secondary school, the EFL teachers’ attitudes towards short stories compared to simplified novels/graded readers and their preferred assessment methods associated with literature teaching. The majority of the teachers that took part in this survey have a positive attitude towards short stories and use them in their EFL classes. The results also show that after the students have completed reading a short story, most of the teachers that participated in this survey preferred to combine examination methods such as a group discussion with a written test. The title of this paper comes from one of the informants’ comments when asked if she would rather use a short story or a graded reader in her English class. This informant had used graded readers in her English language classroom, but she and everyone that took part in this survey chose short stories over graded readers.
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7

Hobbs, Valerie. "Examining short-term ELT teacher education : an ethnographic case study of trainees' experiences." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2007. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6085/.

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This thesis investigates the beliefs, experiences, behavior and attitudes of ELT course participants on a Trinity College London TESOL Certificate course. Using a primarily ethnographic methodology, data in the form of unstructured and semi-structured interviews, course lectures, teaching practice journals, course documents and field notes were collected and analyzed to offer insight into the design and implementation of short-term teacher education. Course participants were followed for nine months after the course to provide follow-up data, and six experienced ELT teachers were also interviewed to add long-term perspective. The results demonstrated that the length of the Certificate course necessitates a prioritization of practice over theory and a focus on behavioral change at the expense of examination and critique of course participants' pre-existing beliefs. Trainees emerge from short-term teacher training with confidence well in place in most cases but lacking in an understanding of the foundations of informed language teaching, an explicit in-depth knowledge of language, and a view of the field as a profession worthy of long-term commitment. A noteworthy gap was discovered between course participants' lack of desire for further professional development and more experienced teachers' insistence that additional support and training is crucial beyond the short course. The findings of the study point to a need for a radical restructuring of the short course, which takes into account a changing global market and current understanding of teacher change and the significance of teachers' beliefs.
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8

Engwers, Anton. "“IN THAT CASE I CHOOSE TO WORK WITH SHORT STORIES” : A study about how English short stories are taught by nine upper secondary school teachers in Sweden and said teachers’ attitudes towards short stories." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för utbildning, kultur och kommunikation, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-54100.

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Reading English literature can help learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) to develop their reading ability as well as other language skills. Reading can also have other benefits for EFL students such as learning about the target language’s culture or an English variety in written form. This present study investigates what types of literature are used in Swedish upper secondary school, the EFL teachers’ attitudes towards short stories compared to simplified novels/graded readers and their preferred assessment methods associated with literature teaching. The majority of the teachers that took part in this survey have a positive attitude towards short stories and use them in their EFL classes. The results also show that after the students have completed reading a short story, most of the teachers that participated in this survey preferred to combine examination methods such as a group discussion with a written test.The title of this paper comes from one of the informants’ comments when asked if she would rather use a short story or a graded reader in her English class. This informant had used graded readers in her English language classroom, but she and everyone that took part in this survey chose short stories over graded readers.
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9

Lee, Li-Feng. "The responses of Taiwanese adolescent girls to selected American short stories for young adults." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1173205682.

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10

Selcuk, Hasan. "Teaching Oscar Wilde’s Short Story “The Selfish Giant” to Young ESL/EFL Learners through Reader Response Approach." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Engelska, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-4185.

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Книги з теми "Short EFT"

1

Collective, Atlantis, ed. Eat the swans. Galway: The Atlantis Collective, 2011.

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2

Saith oes Efa. Talybont, Ceredigion: Y Lolfa, 2014.

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3

Paul, Fiorentino Jon, ed. Bird eat bird: Stories. London, Ont: Insomniac Press, 2010.

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4

All you can eat: Stories. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 1988.

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5

Zolidis, Don. Bobby Wilson can eat his own face: A short comedy. New York: Playscripts, Inc., 2005.

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6

Jean, Efe Carpenter, and Boğaziçi Üniversitesi, eds. Tales from the Taurus /cOsman Şahin ; edited by Jean Carpenter Efe. İstanbul: Boğaziçi Üniversitesi, 2006.

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7

1903-1969, Wyndham John, ed. Meteor: Short stories. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991.

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8

Short story criticism. Detroit, Mich: Gale, 2012.

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9

Short story criticism. Detroit, Mich: Gale, 2012.

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10

Short story criticism. Detroit, Mich: Gale, 2012.

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Частини книг з теми "Short EFT"

1

Kuze, Kyoko. "Using Short Stories in University Composition Classrooms." In Literature and Language Learning in the EFL Classroom, 182–96. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137443663_13.

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2

Bertrand, B., P. Eloy, J. Jamart, A. Doyen, and P. Rombaux. "Spray Application of Fibrin Glue in Microsurgical Ethmoidectomy — Technique and Short-Term Results." In Neurosurgery Ophthalmic Surgery ENT, 147–51. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-95724-6_16.

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3

Do, Tung Duy, and Kazuyuki Kita. "Variations of Short-Lived Climate Pollutants in Hanoi, Vietnam." In Interlocal Adaptations to Climate Change in East and Southeast Asia, 129–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81207-2_12.

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AbstractEmissions of air pollutants have been increasing significantly in Asian countries due to the rapid development of industry and economy. Long-range, transboundary transport of these pollutants probably affects the atmospheric environment and the regional climate in this region (Kita et al. 2009). Climate change, air pollution, and sustainable development are inter-linked, and co-benefits of cutting short-lived climate pollutants (SLCP) will avoid global warming higher than 1.5 °C and negative trade-offs (CCAC 2019; IPCC 2018). Therefore, identification of SLCP emission/production/ transportation sources is critical for planning mitigative measures to reduce SLCP.
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Hasanov, Fakhri J., Frederick L. Joutz, Jeyhun I. Mikayilov, and Muhammad Javid. "KGEMM Methodology." In SpringerBriefs in Economics, 21–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12275-0_4.

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AbstractThis chapter briefly describes the methodological framework KGEMM uses. KGEMM is a hybrid model, i.e., it brings together theoretical and empirical coherences at some degree. Put differently, KGEMM nests “theory-driven” and “data-driven” approaches as suggested by Hendry (2018), among others, and employed by modelers in building semi-structural macroeconometric models (e.g., see Jelić and Ravnik 2021; Gervais and Gosselin 2014; Bulligan et al. 2017). For this purpose, it uses an equilibrium correction modeling (ECM) framework, in which the long-run relationships follow economic theories, and the short-run relationships are mainly data-driven (see Pagan 2003a, b inter alia). Hara et al. (2009) and Yoshida (1990), among others, note that ECM-based MEMs provide realistic results as their equilibrium correction mechanisms help stabilize long-term projections and capture short-term fluctuations more than other models while Engle et al. (1989) find the forecast performance of ECM more accurate.
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Kusanagi, Yuka. "Literary Reading Circles and Short Essay Activities for English Learning among Medical Students." In Literature and Language Learning in the EFL Classroom, 212–28. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137443663_15.

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6

Zinn-Justin, Jean. "Ultraviolet divergences: Effective field theory (EFT)." In Quantum Field Theory and Critical Phenomena, 160–84. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198834625.003.0008.

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Only local relativistic quantum field theories (QFT) are considered: the action that appears in the field integral is the integral of a classical Lagrangian density, function of fields and their derivatives (taken at the same point). Physical quantities can be calculated as power series in the various interactions. As a consequence of locality, infinities appear in perturbative calculations, due to short-distance singularities, or after Fourier transformation, to integrals diverging at large momenta: one speaks of ultraviolet (UV) divergences. These divergences are peculiar to local QFT: in contrast to classical mechanics or non-relativistic quantum mechanics (QM) with a finite number of particles, a straightforward construction of a QFT of point-like objects with contact interactions is impossible. A local QFT, in a straightforward formulation, is an incomplete theory. It is an effective theory, which eventually (perhaps at the Planck's scale?), to be embedded in some non-local theory, which renders the full theory finite, but where the non-local effects affect only short-distance properties (an operation sometimes called UV completion). The impossibility to define a QFT without an explicit reference to an external short scale is an indication of a non-decoupling between short- and long-distance physics. The forms of divergences are investigated to all orders in perturbation theory using power counting arguments.
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Vasmatzoglou, Areti, and Neasa Ní Chiaráin. "The development of an online game-based simulation for the training of English language teachers in virtual environments." In CALL for widening participation: short papers from EUROCALL 2020, 334–41. Research-publishing.net, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14705/rpnet.2020.48.1210.

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Virtual simulation training has gained in usage in various educational fields and offers the potential to support and reinforce learning goals when practical experience is not possible. Teaching practice experience in an English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classroom is critical, yet frequently unobtainable for students in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL)/English Language Teaching (ELT) Masters programmes. This paper describes the design, development, and evaluation of a gamified simulation prototype, Virtual EFL Classroom, that was built to offer teaching practice opportunities to students in such programmes. Eleven Masters students enrolled in the ELT programme at Trinity College Dublin took part in this study. Findings indicate that participants enjoyed active experimentation in Virtual EFL Classroom and that it has the potential to enhance student-teachers’ decision-making skills, flexibility, and adaptability in planning and teaching learner-centred lessons.
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Panda, UN. "Case 1 to 10." In Short Notes and Short Cases in ENT, 75. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/10759_1.

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Panda, UN. "Paranasal Sinuses." In Short Notes and Short Cases in ENT, 32. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/10759_10.

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Panda, UN. "Rhinitis." In Short Notes and Short Cases in ENT, 36. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/10759_11.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Short EFT"

1

Gaudestad, J., D. Nuez, and P. Tan. "Short Localization in 2.5D Microchip with Interposer Using Magnetic Current Imaging." In ISTFA 2014. ASM International, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2014p0043.

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Abstract Interposers used in 2.5D technologies introduce new challenges for Electric Fault Isolation (EFI) due to the multiple layers of silicon, metal layers, Through Silicon Vias (TSV), solder bumps and/or copper pillars making it hard for standard EFI techniques, such as thermal and optical techniques, to localize failures due to the opaqueness of these materials [1, 2, 3]. In this paper we show that shorts in 2.5D Integrated Circuits (IC) technologies can be localized accurately in x, y and z-direction using Magnetic Current Imaging (MCI) while injecting a low power current and showing that the materials used in 2.5D semiconductor manufacturing are fully transparent to magnetic fields.
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Kedrowski, Reilly, Justin Nelson, Arun Sukumaran Nair, and Prakash Ranganathan. "Short-Term Seasonal Energy Forecasting." In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Electro/Information Technology (EIT). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eit.2018.8500215.

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Kasapi, Steven, Joy Liao, Bruce Cory, Izak Kapilevich, Richard Portune, Yin Shyang Ng, Cathy Kardach, and Elaine Cheng. "Volume Electrical Failure Analysis for Product-Specific Yield Enhancement." In ISTFA 2010. ASM International, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2010p0038.

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Abstract Yield on specific designs often falls far short of predicted yield, especially at new technology nodes. Product-specific yield ramp is particularly challenging because the defects are, by definition, specific to the design, and often require some degree of design knowledge to isolate the failure. Despite the wide variety of advanced electrical failure analysis (EFA) techniques available today, they are not routinely applied during yield ramp. EFA techniques typically require a significant amount of test pattern customization, fixturing modification, or design knowledge. Unless the problem is critical, there is usually not time to apply advanced EFA techniques during yield ramp, despite the potential of EFA to provide valuable defect insight. We present a volume-oriented workflow integrating a limited set of electrical failure analysis (EFA) techniques. We believe this workflow will provide significant benefit by improving defect localization and identification beyond what is available using test-based techniques.
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Bey, Taajwar, Girma Tewolde, and Jaerock Kwon. "Short Survey of Vehicular Communication Technology." In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Electro/Information Technology (EIT). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eit.2018.8500119.

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Silva, Mark, John Holder, Eric Hayden, Leighton Myers, and John Tritschler. "Full-Scale Investigation of Rotor/Obstacle Interactions using an Elevated Fixed Platform." In Vertical Flight Society 78th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0078-2022-17628.

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A unique shore-based facility and flight tests designed to investigate rotor/obstacle aerodynamic interactions under low wind speed conditions were planned and carried out in 2020 at Naval Air Station (NAS) Patuxent River. A temporary elevated fixed platform (EFP) sized to represent the aft half of an LPD-17 flight deck was built out of stacked CONEX shipping containers on a closed taxiway. The EFP walls were instrumented with ultrasonic anemometers to gather velocity flow field measurements as various rotorcraft executed simulated recovery profiles to and hover ladders near the EFP. The EFP was subsequently reconfigured to conduct a confined landing area investigation. The simultaneous acquisition of aircraft performance data and flow field data will be invaluable for the validation of the Navy's shipboard operations modeling and simulation tools, maximizing the Navy's return on investment in building the temporary EFP facility.
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Medova, Luiza R., Pavel S. Rybin, and Ivan V. Filatov. "Short Length LDPC Code-Candidate for Satellite Control Channel." In 2018 Engineering and Telecommunication (EnT-MIPT). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ent-mipt.2018.00044.

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7

Gong, Hang, Shaojie Ni, Weihua Mou, Xiangwei Zhu, and Feixue Wang. "Estimation of COMPASS on-board clock short-term stability." In 2012 European Frequency and Time Forum (EFTF). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eftf.2012.6502407.

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Chen, Li-Qing, Ming-Sheng Sun, Jui-Hao Chao, Soon Fatt Ng, Kapilevich Izak, and Chun-Cheng Tsao. "Accelerating Technology Development and Yield Ramp on First Silicon Utilizing a Wafer-Level Dynamic EFA System." In ISTFA 2016. ASM International, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2016p0299.

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Abstract This paper presents the success story of the learning process by reporting four cases using four different failure analysis techniques. The cases covered are IDDQ leakage, power short, scan chain hard failure, and register soft failure. Hardware involved in the cases discussed are Meridian WS-DP, a wafer-level electrical failure analysis (EFA) system from DCG Systems, V9300 tester from Advantest, and a custom cable interface integrating WSDP and V9300 with the adaption of direct-probe platform that is widely deployed for SoC CP test. Four debug cases are reported in which various EFA techniques are proven powerful and effective, including photon emission, OBIRCH, Thermal Frequency Imaging, LVI, LVP, and dynamic laser stimulation.
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Bourgeois, P. Y., Y. Kersale, N. Bazin, M. Chaubet, and V. Giordano. "Measurement of short-term stability of ultra stable oscillators." In 18th European Frequency and Time Forum (EFTF 2004). IEE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:20040920.

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Begill, Arun, and Sankalap Arora. "Evaluating the short comings of the various digital image fusion algorithms." In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Electro/Information Technology (EIT). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eit.2015.7293418.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Short EFT"

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Cao, Zhengjun, Lihua Liu, and Andreas Christoforides. A Note on One Realization of a Scalable Shor Algorithm. Web of Open Science, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37686/qrl.v1i2.81.

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Very recently, Monz, et al. have reported the demonstration of factoring 15 using a scalable Shor algorithm with an ion-trap quantum computer. In this note, we remark that the report is somewhat misleading because there are three flaws in the proposed circuit diagram of Shor algorithm. We also remark that the principles behind the demonstration have not been explained properly, including its correctness and complexity.
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Kaffenberger, Michelle. Modeling the Long-Run Learning Impact of the COVID-19 Learning Shock: Actions to (More Than) Mitigate Loss. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsgrise-ri_2020/017.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has forced 1.7 billion children out of school temporarily. While many education systems are attempting varying degrees of remote learning, it is widely accepted that the closures will produce substantial losses in learning (World Bank, 2020; Kuhfeld et al., 2020). However, the real concern is not just that a few months of learning will be lost in the short run, but that these losses will accumulate into large and permanent learning losses as many children fall behind during school closures and never catch up. This note uses a calibrated model with a “pedagogical production function” (Kaffenberger and Pritchett, 2020) to estimate the potential long-term losses to children’s learning from the temporary shock of school closures. The model shows that without mitigation, children could lose more than a year’s worth of learning even from a three-month school closure as the short-term losses continue to compound after children return to school. Turning to mitigation strategies, the note examines the long-term effects of two strategies, finding that with some mitigation efforts education systems could come back from the crisis stronger than before.
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Borgès Da Silva, Roxane. COVID-19 : Comprendre et agir sur l’acceptabilité sociale des mesures de santé publique. CIRANO, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/izck1391.

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As of May 14, masks will no longer be required to be worn in indoor public places such as businesses, schools and daycares. It will continue to be required in public transportation, hospitals, medical clinics and CHSLDs. A survey conducted by the Institut national de santé publique du Québec from April 15 to 27 shows that two-thirds of respondents still intend to continue wearing the mask. But in reality, how will Quebecers react? What will be their motivations? How can we ensure that they make informed choices based on their circumstances and the objective risk factors they - and those around them - face? And how do we avoid the ostracization of those who will continue to wear the mask? Research inspired by experimental economics provides insight into the role that awareness and improved knowledge of the real risks associated with COVID-19 can play in people's intentions and reactions following the implementation - or removal - of various measures. This short text presents the results of two experimental studies conducted in the specific context of the reopening of schools in September 2020. These studies allow us to draw two main conclusions about the social acceptability of health measures and individual choices in the face of the pandemic: It is essential to provide valid, accurate, and simple sources of information to inform and reassure the population about the risks of developing COVID-19, without causing "cognitive overload." Simple awareness tools, clear and evidence-based information can have an impact on people's perceptions and choices when it comes to their health or that of their loved ones.
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Taylor, S., J. Lever, K. Burgess, R. Stroud, D. Brownlee, L. Nittler, A. Bardyn, et al. Sampling interplanetary dust from Antarctic air. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43345.

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We built a collector to filter interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) larger than 5 µm from the clean air at the Amundsen Scott South Pole station. Our sampling strategy used long duration, continuous dry filtering of near-surface air in place of short duration, high-speed impact collection on flags flown in the stratosphere. We filtered ~107 m³ of clean Antarctic air through 20 cm diameter, 3 µm filters coupled to a suction blower of modest power consumption (5–6 kW). Our collector ran continuously for 2 years and yielded 41 filters for analyses. Based on stratospheric concentrations, we predicted that each month’s collection would provide 300–900 IDPs for analysis. We identified 19 extraterrestrial (ET) particles on the 66 cm² of filter examined, which represented ~0.5% of the exposed filter surfaces. The 11 ET particles larger than 5 µm yield about a fifth of the expected flux based on >5 µm stratospheric ET particle flux. Of the 19 ET particles identified, four were chondritic porous IDPs, seven were FeNiS beads, two were FeNi grains, and six were chondritic material with FeNiS components. Most were <10 µm in diameter and none were cluster particles. Additionally, a carbon-rich candidate particle was found to have a small ¹⁵N isotopic enrichment, supporting an ET origin. Many other candidate grains, including chondritic glasses and C-rich particles with Mg and Si and FeS grains, require further analysis to determine if they are ET. The vast majority of exposed filter surfaces remain to be examined.
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Stavland, Arne, Siv Marie Åsen, Arild Lohne, Olav Aursjø, and Aksel Hiorth. Recommended polymer workflow: Lab (cm and m scale). University of Stavanger, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.201.

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Polymer flooding is one of the most promising EOR methods (Smalley et al. 2018). It is well known and has been used successfully (Pye 1964; Standnes & Skjevrak 2014; Sheng et al. 2015). From a technical perspective we recommend that polymer flooding should be considered as a viable EOR method on the Norwegian Continental Shelf for the following reasons: 1. More oil can be produced with less water injected; this is particularly important for the NCS which are currently producing more water than oil 2. Polymers will increase the aerial sweep and improve the ultimate recovery, provided a proper injection strategy 3. Many polymer systems are available, and it should be possible to tailor their chemical composition to a wide range of reservoir conditions (temperature and salinity) 4. Polymer systems can be used to block water from short circuiting injection production wells 5. Polymer combined with low salinity injection water has many benefits: a lower polymer concentration can be used to reach target viscosity, less mechanical degradation, less adsorption, and a potential reduction in Sor due to a low salinity wettability effect. There are some hurdles when considering polymer flooding that needs to be considered: 1. Many polymer systems are not at the present considered as green chemicals; thus, reinjection of produced water is needed. However, results from polymer degradation studies in the IORCentre indicates that a. High molecular weight polymers are quickly degraded to low molecular weight. In case of accidental release to the ocean low molecular weight polymers are diluted and the lifetime of the spill might be quite short. According to Caulfield et al. (2002) HPAM is not toxic, and will not degrade to the more environmentally problematic acrylamide. b. In the DF report for environmental impact there are case studies using the DREAM model to predict the transport of chemical spills. This model is coupled with polymer (sun exposure) degradation data from the IORCentre to quantify the lifetime of polymer spills. This approach should be used for specific field cases to quantify the environmental risk factor. 2. Care must be taken to prepare the polymer solution offshore. Chokes and vales might be a challenge but can be mitigating according to the results from the large-scale testing done in the IORCentre (Stavland et al. 2021). None of the above-mentioned challenges are server enough to not consider polymer flooding. HPAM is neither toxic, nor bio-accumulable, or bio-persistent and the CO2 footprint from a polymer flood may be significantly less than a water flood (Dupuis et al. 2021). There are at least two contributing factors to this statement, which we will return in detail to in the next section i) during linear displacement polymer injection will produce more oil for the same amount of water injected, hence the lifetime of the field can be shortened ii) polymers increase the arial sweep reducing the need for wells.
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McGinnity, Frances, Emma Quinn, Evie McCullough, Shannen Enright, and Sarah Curristan. Measures to combat racial discrimination and promote diversity in the labour market: a review of evidence. ESRI, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26504/sustat110.

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Racial discrimination in this report is understood to mean ‘any distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference based on race, colour, descent, or national or ethnic origin’ (ICERD, Article 1). Discrimination is distinct from racial prejudice (an attitude) and stereotypes (beliefs). Discrimination can be damaging to both individuals’ life chances and their wellbeing, as well as to society (OECD, 2013; Fibbi et al., 2021). Yet discrimination is difficult to measure accurately. It is also challenging to devise measures to combat discriminatory behaviour and promote diversity. This report reviews international literature on racial discrimination in the labour market and the effectiveness of measures to combat it. The aim is to distil the evidence into a short report to inform measures addressing discrimination in the labour market, including the current development of the National Action Plan Against Racism. The focus is on specific measures that can be implemented now to address current racial discrimination in the labour market.
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Or, Etti, David Galbraith, and Anne Fennell. Exploring mechanisms involved in grape bud dormancy: Large-scale analysis of expression reprogramming following controlled dormancy induction and dormancy release. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7587232.bard.

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The timing of dormancy induction and release is very important to the economic production of table grape. Advances in manipulation of dormancy induction and dormancy release are dependent on the establishment of a comprehensive understanding of biological mechanisms involved in bud dormancy. To gain insight into these mechanisms we initiated the research that had two main objectives: A. Analyzing the expression profiles of large subsets of genes, following controlled dormancy induction and dormancy release, and assessing the role of known metabolic pathways, known regulatory genes and novel sequences involved in these processes B. Comparing expression profiles following the perception of various artificial as well as natural signals known to induce dormancy release, and searching for gene showing similar expression patterns, as candidates for further study of pathways having potential to play a central role in dormancy release. We first created targeted EST collections from V. vinifera and V. riparia mature buds. Clones were randomly selected from cDNA libraries prepared following controlled dormancy release and controlled dormancy induction and from respective controls. The entire collection (7920 vinifera and 1194 riparia clones) was sequenced and subjected to bioinformatics analysis, including clustering, annotations and GO classifications. PCR products from the entire collection were used for printing of cDNA microarrays. Bud tissue in general, and the dormant bud in particular, are under-represented within the grape EST database. Accordingly, 59% of the our vinifera EST collection, composed of 5516 unigenes, are not included within the current Vitis TIGR collection and about 22% of these transcripts bear no resemblance to any known plant transcript, corroborating the current need for our targeted EST collection and the bud specific cDNA array. Analysis of the V. riparia sequences yielded 814 unigenes, of which 140 are unique (keilin et al., manuscript, Appendix B). Results from computational expression profiling of the vinifera collection suggest that oxidative stress, calcium signaling, intracellular vesicle trafficking and anaerobic mode of carbohydrate metabolism play a role in the regulation and execution of grape-bud dormancy release. A comprehensive analysis confirmed the induction of transcription from several calcium–signaling related genes following HC treatment, and detected an inhibiting effect of calcium channel blocker and calcium chelator on HC-induced and chilling-induced bud break. It also detected the existence of HC-induced and calcium dependent protein phosphorylation activity. These data suggest, for the first time, that calcium signaling is involved in the mechanism of dormancy release (Pang et al., in preparation). We compared the effects of heat shock (HS) to those detected in buds following HC application and found that HS lead to earlier and higher bud break. We also demonstrated similar temporary reduction in catalase expression and temporary induction of ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, thioredoxin and glutathione S transferase expression following both treatments. These findings further support the assumption that temporary oxidative stress is part of the mechanism leading to bud break. The temporary induction of sucrose syntase, pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase indicate that temporary respiratory stress is developed and suggest that mitochondrial function may be of central importance for that mechanism. These finding, suggesting triggering of identical mechanisms by HS and HC, justified the comparison of expression profiles of HC and HS treated buds, as a tool for the identification of pathways with a central role in dormancy release (Halaly et al., in preparation). RNA samples from buds treated with HS, HC and water were hybridized with the cDNA arrays in an interconnected loop design. Differentially expressed genes from the were selected using R-language package from Bioconductor project called LIMMA and clones showing a significant change following both HS and HC treatments, compared to control, were selected for further analysis. A total of 1541 clones show significant induction, of which 37% have no hit or unknown function and the rest represent 661 genes with identified function. Similarly, out of 1452 clones showing significant reduction, only 53% of the clones have identified function and they represent 573 genes. The 661 induced genes are involved in 445 different molecular functions. About 90% of those functions were classified to 20 categories based on careful survey of the literature. Among other things, it appears that carbohydrate metabolism and mitochondrial function may be of central importance in the mechanism of dormancy release and studies in this direction are ongoing. Analysis of the reduced function is ongoing (Appendix A). A second set of hybridizations was carried out with RNA samples from buds exposed to short photoperiod, leading to induction of bud dormancy, and long photoperiod treatment, as control. Analysis indicated that 42 genes were significant difference between LD and SD and 11 of these were unique.
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Baltagi, Badi H., Georges Bresson, Anoop Chaturvedi та Guy Lacroix. Robust dynamic space-time panel data models using ε-contamination: An application to crop yields and climate change. CIRANO, січень 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/ufyn4045.

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This paper extends the Baltagi et al. (2018, 2021) static and dynamic ε-contamination papers to dynamic space-time models. We investigate the robustness of Bayesian panel data models to possible misspecification of the prior distribution. The proposed robust Bayesian approach departs from the standard Bayesian framework in two ways. First, we consider the ε-contamination class of prior distributions for the model parameters as well as for the individual effects. Second, both the base elicited priors and the ε-contamination priors use Zellner (1986)’s g-priors for the variance-covariance matrices. We propose a general “toolbox” for a wide range of specifications which includes the dynamic space-time panel model with random effects, with cross-correlated effects `a la Chamberlain, for the Hausman-Taylor world and for dynamic panel data models with homogeneous/heterogeneous slopes and cross-sectional dependence. Using an extensive Monte Carlo simulation study, we compare the finite sample properties of our proposed estimator to those of standard classical estimators. We illustrate our robust Bayesian estimator using the same data as in Keane and Neal (2020). We obtain short run as well as long run effects of climate change on corn producers in the United States.
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Lucas, Brian. Behaviour Change Interventions for Energy Efficiency. Institute of Development Studies, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.138.

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Behavioural interventions are policies and programmes that incorporate insights from scientists who study human behaviour (such as psychology and behavioural economics), with the aim of encouraging socially desirable behaviours by removing barriers and creating incentives or disincentives (Cornago, 2021). Very few behavioural interventions for energy efficiency have been documented in Eastern Europe and the Western Balkans, and none in North Macedonia. The limited experience that has been documented in the region consists of a few small trials which used behavioural principles to inform households about approaches to energy conservation, but none of these trials have demonstrated a significant effect on behaviour. Behavioural interventions have been widely used elsewhere in the world, particularly in North America, Western Europe, and Australia, and there are many studies evaluating their impacts in these regions (Andor & Fels, 2018, p. 182). This report focuses primarily on household energy efficiency, and particularly on the most widespread and well-documented interventions, which are those related to providing feedback on energy consumption and labelling consumer goods. Although behavioural interventions have been shown to produce significant impacts and to be cost-effective in many situations, the available evidence has some limitations. Many examples that have been documented are small-scale trials or pilot projects; large-scale, institutionalised policy interventions based on behavioural insights are rare (Users TCP and IEA, 2020, p. 22). In many studies, experiments with small sample sizes and short durations show larger impacts than larger and longer-term studies, suggesting that pilot studies may over-estimate the savings that might be achieved by large-scale programmes (Andor & Fels, 2018, p. 182; Erhardt-Martinez et al., 2010, p. iv). The amount of energy saved by behavioural interventions is often fairly small and varies widely from one programme to another, suggesting that the effectiveness of these interventions may be highly dependent on local context and on details of design and implementation. Finally, many studies rely on participants reporting their intentions, and on hypothetical rather than actual purchasing decisions, and some studies have found a divergence between stated intentions and actual behaviour (Grünig et al., 2010, p. 41; Users TCP and IEA, 2020, pp. 75–76; Yang et al., 2015, pp. 21–22).
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Coulson, Saskia, Melanie Woods, Drew Hemment, and Michelle Scott. Report and Assessment of Impact and Policy Outcomes Using Community Level Indicators: H2020 Making Sense Report. University of Dundee, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001192.

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Анотація:
Making Sense is a European Commission H2020 funded project which aims at supporting participatory sensing initiatives that address environmental challenges in areas such as noise and air pollution. The development of Making Sense was informed by previous research on a crowdfunded open source platform for environmental sensing, SmartCitizen.me, developed at the Fab Lab Barcelona. Insights from this research identified several deterrents for a wider uptake of participatory sensing initiatives due to social and technical matters. For example, the participants struggled with the lack of social interactions, a lack of consensus and shared purpose amongst the group, and a limited understanding of the relevance the data had in their daily lives (Balestrini et al., 2014; Balestrini et al., 2015). As such, Making Sense seeks to explore if open source hardware, open source software and and open design can be used to enhance data literacy and maker practices in participatory sensing. Further to this, Making Sense tests methodologies aimed at empowering individuals and communities through developing a greater understanding of their environments and by supporting a culture of grassroot initiatives for action and change. To do this, Making Sense identified a need to underpin sensing with community building activities and develop strategies to inform and enable those participating in data collection with appropriate tools and skills. As Fetterman, Kaftarian and Wanderman (1996) state, citizens are empowered when they understand evaluation and connect it in a way that it has relevance to their lives. Therefore, this report examines the role that these activities have in participatory sensing. Specifically, we discuss the opportunities and challenges in using the concept of Community Level Indicators (CLIs), which are measurable and objective sources of information gathered to complement sensor data. We describe how CLIs are used to develop a more indepth understanding of the environmental problem at hand, and to record, monitor and evaluate the progress of change during initiatives. We propose that CLIs provide one way to move participatory sensing beyond a primarily technological practice and towards a social and environmental practice. This is achieved through an increased focus in the participants’ interests and concerns, and with an emphasis on collective problem solving and action. We position our claims against the following four challenge areas in participatory sensing: 1) generating and communicating information and understanding (c.f. Loreto, 2017), 2) analysing and finding relevance in data (c.f. Becker et al., 2013), 3) building community around participatory sensing (c.f. Fraser et al., 2005), and 4) achieving or monitoring change and impact (c.f. Cheadle et al., 2000). We discuss how the use of CLIs can tend to these challenges. Furthermore, we report and assess six ways in which CLIs can address these challenges and thereby support participatory sensing initiatives: i. Accountability ii. Community assessment iii. Short-term evaluation iv. Long-term evaluation v. Policy change vi. Capability The report then returns to the challenge areas and reflects on the learnings and recommendations that are gleaned from three Making Sense case studies. Afterwhich, there is an exposition of approaches and tools developed by Making Sense for the purposes of advancing participatory sensing in this way. Lastly, the authors speak to some of the policy outcomes that have been realised as a result of this research.
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