Готові списки джерел за темами / Ship draft

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Ship draft"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022
Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Ship draft"

1

Setiawan, Zhein Adhi Mahendra, and Yuichiro Yoshida. "Geographical Condition And Port Development." LIQUIDITY 10, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 218–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32546/lq.v10i2.1110.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
The first-time purposely build container ships introduced in 1967 with a draft of 9 meters, and now, newer container ship drafts can reach 16 meters and more. The development of the container ship dimension is rapid. Ports respond to these changes and keep up with the more significant size and a deeper draft of the new container ship design. Ports are developing their infrastructure from installing gantry cranes to dredge their seafloor. This research reviews that phenomenon and studied how ports adapt to the changing container ship dimension, especially for Post Panamax container ships built for efficiency. To do that, we use an exogenous variable of ports' depth from 1972 to 1985 before the ports knew that they would need deeper depth to accommodate such ships. We find that ports with actual depth more or equal to 13.716 meters is significantly affected port to accommodate Post Panamax container ship in this present time. The scope of this research is to show how a port responds to the change of the dimension of a container ship. Nevertheless, this research can be a steppingstone to measure the causality of trade that never has been done correctly before by introducing an exogenous variable that is strong, which port’s depth regarding the Post Panamax container ship draft.
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2

Gu, Hong Wei, Wang Zhang, Wen Hai Xu, and Ying Li. "Digital Measurement System for Ship Draft Survey." Applied Mechanics and Materials 333-335 (July 2013): 312–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.333-335.312.

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Анотація:
In order to overcome the limits of visual observation widely used in ship draft survey, a digital measurement system based on image acquisition and processing is presented. The images of drafts are obtained by an image acquisition unit containing a high definition camera extended to the shipboard from the deck. The draft marks are digitalized in use of a multilayer neural network, and the draft lines are detected by means of color image segmentation algorithm. Finally, the ship's trim are identified based on the relative position of the draft line located at the digitalized draft marks, where the artificial influences are eliminated. The influences of wave may also be reduced by calculating the mean value of the ship's trim obtained from different images.
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3

Wu, Jun, Shen Qi Ding, Kui Yu, and Xiao Biao Li. "Real-Time Detection Method on Draft of Inland Departure Ships." Advanced Materials Research 562-564 (August 2012): 1972–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.562-564.1972.

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Анотація:
For ensuring the safety of inland river shipping and avoiding super draft, it is of significance to propose a method to detect draft of inland departure ship. The real-time detection method on draft of inland departure ship is proposed, the measurement principle of ship draft is deeply analyzed, and the small scale experiment has been carried out. Experimental results show that as ship speed inicreases, the ship draft is of gradually declining tendency, and the measurement error is of gradually increasing tendency, the minium error is -4.2%, the maximum error is -11.4%. The results prove the possibility of this method , and also indicate that ship speed has large influence on measured ship draft.
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4

Kelareva, Elena, Sebastian Brand, Philip Kilby, Sylvie Thiebaux, and Mark Wallace. "CP and MIP Methods for Ship Scheduling with Time-Varying Draft." Proceedings of the International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling 22 (May 14, 2012): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icaps.v22i1.13494.

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Анотація:
Existing ship scheduling approaches either ignore constraints on ship draft (distance between the waterline and the keel), or model these in very simple ways, such as a constant draft limit that does not change with time. However, in most ports the draft restriction changes over time due to variation in environmental conditions. More accurate consideration of draft constraints would allow more cargo to be scheduled for transport on the same set of ships. We present constraint programming (CP) and mixed integer programming (MIP) models for the problem of scheduling ships at a port with time-varying draft constraints so as to optimise cargo throughput at the port. We also investigate the effect of several variations to the CP model, including a model containing sequence variables, and a model with ordered inputs. Our model allows us to solve realistic instances of the problem to optimality in a very short time, and produces better schedules than both scheduling with constant draft, and manual scheduling approaches used in practice at ports.
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5

Ziha, Kalman. "Displacement of a Deflected Ship Hull." Marine Technology and SNAME News 39, no. 01 (January 1, 2002): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.2002.39.1.54.

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Анотація:
Relevant approximations based on permanent waterplane characteristics are summarized for a more accurate assessment of the effects of longitudinal deflections of an elastic ship's hull on drafts and displacement during marine surveys of merchant ships. The possibility of a different practice for placement of draft marks on a ship's sides, ensuring the same precision in displacement assessment of a deflected and trimmed hull by only two draft observations, is investigated by employing the waterplane properties. Correction factors for conventional ships, based on the waterline coefficient for changes of hydrostatic load, arising due to hull deflections, are also summarized. Example results are demonstrated on a Croatian-built bulk carrier.
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6

Ivanovsky, A. N., Ye G. Zinchenko, and S. G. Cherny. "Machine learning technologies for automated draft measurements." Transactions of the Krylov State Research Centre S-I, no. 2 (December 21, 2021): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24937/2542-2324-2021-2-s-i-33-39.

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Анотація:
This paper discusses the process of ship draft measurement known as draft survey. The purpose of the study was to improve the accuracy of draft survey results and the efficiency of this procedure itself. The study relies on video footages of draft marks, as well as clinometer readings, following the methods of digital image processing, machine learning, digital signal processing, linear filtering and applied programming. The tools developed as a result of this work are based on machine-learning algorithms and can perform draft surveys even in bad weather. Accuracy limits depend on camera resolution, lighting and weather conditions. Combined with linear filtering algorithms and ship inclinometers, this technology might offer draft survey tolerances as narrow as several millimeters, thus being well above its existing counterparts. Automated draft survey method suggested in this paper will make cargo weight measurements of bulkers more accurate, thus saving time and money, as well as making survey results independent on human error. Relying on machine-learning and computer-vision technologies, this method is universal and will work with any type of ships. Theoretical value of this study is that it gives a comprehensive review of what ship draft is and how it is measured.
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7

Akbar, Muhammad Sabiqulkhair, Aditya Rio Prabowo, Dominicus Danardono Dwi Prija Tjahjana, and Tuswan Tuswan. "Analysis of plated-hull structure strength against hydrostatic and hydrodynamic loads: A case study of 600 TEU container ships." Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials 30, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 237–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jmbm-2021-0025.

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Анотація:
Abstract The assessment of a ship's ability to withstand environmental loads is very crucial. This research focuses on the strength assessment of 600 TEU container ship hulls against hydrostatic and hydrodynamic loads using finite element-based software. Parameter changes in the material types, hull thickness, and ship drafts were performed to compare the structural responses using deformation, strain, and von Mises stress criteria. All of the materials tested were acceptable, where the ASTM A131 Grade AH36 and ASTM A131 Grade AH32 materials have the lowest deformation values and strains. The simulation results regarding plate thickness variation, deformation, strain, and von Mises stress values were smaller as the thickness of the ship structure increased. Moreover, from the draft variation, the structural response due to environmental load was better as the draft of the ship increased.
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8

Dong, Yan Qiu, and Weixue Lin. "Hydroelasticity and Wave Loads for a Full-Form Ship with Shallow Draft." Journal of Ship Research 36, no. 03 (September 1, 1992): 280–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsr.1992.36.3.280.

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Анотація:
A shallow-draft full-form ship is a particular type of ship with a breadth-to-draft ratio higher than is conventional. To investigate the characteristics of such full forms in response to hull vibrations induced by waves, a special computer program based on the hydroelasticity theory of ships has been developed. In addition, an experimental investigation using a segmented elastic-keel model of the ship has been carried out in order to verify the theoretical calculations. It is found from calculation of the wave loads that the dynamic responses of this specific hull form cannot be accurately predicted by strip theory. It is concluded therefore that hydroelasticity theory should be used in the design of the hull structure.
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9

Noblesse, Francis, Dane Hendrix, Lisa Faul, and Jonathan Slutsky. "Simple Analytical Expressions for the Height, Location, and Steepness of a Ship Bow Wave." Journal of Ship Research 50, no. 04 (December 1, 2006): 360–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsr.2006.50.4.360.

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Анотація:
Dimensional analysis and other fundamental theoretical considerations (thin-ship limit, shallow-draft and deep-draft limits) are used, with bow-wave measurements for six wedge-shaped hull forms, to obtain simple analytical expressions that explicitly define the height, location, and steepness of the bow wave generated by a ship in terms of the ship speed, draft, and waterline entrance angle. These simple analytical expressions are in excellent agreement with the available experimental measurements for six wedge-shaped hull forms. Good agreement is also obtained for other ship-bow forms, especially if a simple procedure—illustrated for the Wigley hull and the Series 60 model—is used to define an effective ship draft and an effective waterline entrance angle.
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10

Zhang, Lu Chen, Zhong Qi Yu, Jian Wei Lv, and Shao Ze Luo. "Real Ship Experimental Research on Ship Sailing Resistance in Inland Restricted Channel." Advanced Materials Research 1030-1032 (September 2014): 2082–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1030-1032.2082.

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Анотація:
Ship sailing resistance is an important index of cross section size optimization of restricted channel. Through real ship experiment with one typical ship in inland restricted III channel, the relationship between ship sailing resistance and factors such as water depth to draft ratio, discharge section area and so on is studied. And modified calculation formula of ship sailing resistance is put forward. The results show that as water depth to draft ratio decreases, or discharge section area becomes smaller, ship sailing resistance will increase significantly. By introducing two parameters: section blockage ratio and water depth to draft ratio, the Эиванков formula of ship sailing resistance calculation is modified, and the calculation accuracy which the modified formula applied in restricted channel has greatly improved.
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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Ship draft"

1

Hunt, Richard S. "An examination of the ability of ocean obervatory systems to determine merchant ship direction and draft." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/37642.

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Анотація:
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited
The objective of this thesis was to analyze data obtained from a network of Ocean Bottom Seismometers to determine if it could be used to provide detailed information regarding merchant vessels such as their direction and draft. The sensors were located in the Strait of Juan de Fuca and collected data from AugustSeptember, 2009. The hydrophone and three orthogonal seismometer channels were beamformed in MATLAB as a vector sensor in an attempt to get bearing data on a passing ship. Frequencies were limited to about 80Hz due to the low sampling frequency. A Lloyds mirror pattern from the ships broadband noise was visible in the lofargrams from all four channels during this transit. The Lloyds mirror pattern was compared qualitatively with theoretical predictions from ray theory as well as with transmission loss predictions from the parabolic equation model run in PC-IMAT. Vector sensor beamforming proved unsuccessful due to the lack of coherence and erratic phase differences among the sensors. This erratic behavior is probably due to multipath effects. Both ray theory and PC-IMAT models show promise for exploiting the Lloyds mirror patterns. The expected interference patterns show a clear dependence on range and draft.
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2

Rolland, Yves. "Le transport de marchandises sur le Rhône et la Saône à l’époque romaine (Ier s. av. – IVe s. ap. J.-C.) : paramètres, conditions et possibilités de la navigation." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20132.

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Анотація:
Le Rhône, prolongé de la Saône, forme un axe de pénétration à l’intérieur de la Gaule emprunté à l’époque romaine pour mettre en relation la Méditerranée avec le nord de l’empire. De brèves connections terrestres (portages) permettaient de poursuivre les échanges vers les bassins de la Loire, de la Seine, du Rhin et les lacs alpins. Seul le quart sud-ouest semble avoir échappé à l’influence rhodanienne. Ce corridor formait très clairement l’artère majeure du réseau fluvial gaulois, et cela avant-même la conquête romaine. La voie fluviale était à l’époque le principal vecteur de transport de marchandises à l’intérieur des terres, et cela jusqu’à l’arrivée du chemin de fer. Le Rhône et la Saône auraient détenu à eux seuls près de la moitié du trafic fluvial de toute la Gaule. Ces cours ont par ailleurs clairement contribué au développement des villes riveraines correspondant souvent à des haltes fluviales et des nœuds de redistribution. L’intérêt du sujet est donc de toute première importance. Les intentions de ce travail sont triples. Tout d’abord, présenter une synthèse de la navigation du Rhône et de la Saône actualisée des grandes séries de découvertes des années 2000 (épaves lyonnaises et arlésiennes) ; ensuite réhabiliter l’image du « marin d’eau douce » antique qui souffre d’un double a priori, l’archaïsme technique antique, et la facilité de la navigation en milieu fluvial ; enfin, l’intention principale est de montrer les spécificités de la navigation sur le Rhône et la Saône à l’ époque romaine. Pour y parvenir nous procédons en trois temps. Une première partie consacrée aux paramètres de la navigation (marchandises, emballages, embarcations, corporations, milieu fluvial) permettant de cerner en détail les différentes variables de la question. Une seconde partie est dédiée aux conditions de la navigation (conditions climatiques, conditions morphologiques – tirant d’eau, tirant d’air – conditions dynamiques – modes de propulsion autorisés –, conditions juridiques, religieuses, risque d’attaque, etc.). La dernière partie est consacrée aux possibilités de la navigation. Il s’agit en fait d’un outil permettant de simuler des situations de transport. Le lecteur a la possibilité de « composer » un scénario de transport en sélectionnant les variables de la première partie, et en le confrontant aux conditions de navigation de l’axe fluvial défini en seconde partie. Ainsi, il est possible de prendre position sur un certain nombre de sujet comme la remonte du fleuve à la rame ou à la voile, les tirants d’eau autorisés, la présence des navires maritimes ou des navires à dolia en amont d’Arles, les moments propices à la navigation pour les chalands, les vitesses et les temps de transport, etc
The Rhone River, in conjunction with its tributary the Saone River, form an axis of penetration inside the Gaul used during the Roman period to link the Mediterranean sea to the north of the empire. Short land connections enabled the trades to flourish over the basins of the Loire, the Seine, the Rhine and the alpine lakes. Short land connections have allowed the pursuit of the trades over the basins of the Loire, the Seine, the Rhine and the alpine lakes. Only the southwest quarter seems to have escaped the influence of the Rhone. This corridor formed the major artery of the Gallic river network, even before the Roman conquest. The waterway at the time was the primary means for transporting goods inland, up until the arrival of the railway. The Rhône and Saone rivers alone would have conveyed nearly half of river traffic of all Gaul. These waterways have also clearly contributed to the development of riverside towns often corresponding to river stops and points of cargo redistribution. The interest of the subject is of paramount importance. The intention of this work is threefold. First, provide an overview of the navigation of the Rhone and the Saone as evidenced by series of discoveries of the 2000s (Lyon and Arles wrecks) ; then disprove two commonly held misconceptions of the Roman "landlubber": the use of archaic navigation technique and the ease of the river environment. Finally, the main intention is to show the specifics of navigation on the Rhone and Saone in Roman times. This will be covered in three parts. A first part related to the navigation parameters (goods, packaging, crafts, corporations, river environment) to identify in detail the characteristics and issues related to each of them. A second part is dedicated to given navigation conditions : weather, boat morphology (draft, air-draft), dynamic conditions (possible propulsions), legal and religious conditions, risk of attack, etc. Based on the navigation parameters and navigation conditions presented, the last part describes the possibilities of navigation that were offered at that period. It is a tool to simulate transport situations. The reader has the option to "compose" a transport scenario by selecting the parameters of the first part, and by confronting them to the navigation conditions of the fluvial axis defined in the second part. In the end, it is possible to to give answers to several questions such as the use of oar or sail against the current, the possible drafts that could be used, the presence of marine ships or dolia ships upstream of Arles, the most favorable conditions to barge navigation, the speed or travel time
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3

Russell, Matthew Paul. "The drift angle theory applied to ship manoeuvring models." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2567.

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Анотація:
A marine vehicle manoeuvring model is concerned with the ability to simulate the status of a vehicle to various demanded controls on a digital computer. Such models have both shore based and sea going applications that are beneficial to the mariner, enhance safety of life at sea and aid in protecting the marine environment The mathematical representation of marine vehicles has generally been conducted by the measurement of the forces and moments that are experienced by a vehicle, in terms of a series of numbers collectively known as hydrodynamic coefficients. This has resulted in the non-linear force modular model which is considered to be the most accurate and versatile mathematical modelling technique. This thesis presents the results from research conducted into the construction of an accurate mathematical model of a patrol craft Picket Boat Nine. The non-linear force modular modelling technique was initially adopted. The required hydrodynamic coefficients were evaluated by the use of full scale sea trials, scale model testing techniques and by semi-empirical methodologies; by the installation of a towing tank, a data monitoring and acquisition system onboard Picket Boat Nine. An alternative new method for mathematically describing marine vehicles has also been developed based upon the drift angle theory. The existence and magnitude of the drift angle has been transformed into a set of hydrodynamic curves that mathematically represent a marine vehicle's manoeuvrability and into a method of determining the track history of a marine vehicle when underway. These two components have been developed into a new form of mathematical model This new approach to mathematical modelling has been tested by full scale sea trials in Picket Boat Nine and with comparison to a force modular model that demonstrates the stature and potential of this method. The results indicate that further research is required to include external disturbances and to prove its validity to other marine vehicles.
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4

Asp, Elina. "Drift-Type Waves in Rotating Tokamak Plasma." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Astronomy and Space Physics, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3400.

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The concept of energy production through the fusion of two light nuclei has been studied since the 1950’s. One of the major problems that fusion scientists have encountered is the confinement of the hot ionised gas, i.e. the plasma, in which the fusion process takes place. The most common way to contain the plasma is by using at magnetic field configuration, in which the plasma takes a doughnut-like shape. Experimental devices of this kind are referred to as tokamaks. For the fusion process to proceed at an adequate rate, the temperature of the plasma must exceed 100,000,000C. Such a high temperature forces the plasma out of thermodynamical equilibrium which plasma tries to regain by exciting a number of turbulent processes. After successfully quenching the lager scale magnetohydrodynamic turbulence that may instantly disrupt the plasma, a smaller scale turbulence revealed itself. As this smaller scale turbulence behaved contrary to the common theory at the time, it was referred to as anomalous. This kind of turbulence does not directly threaten existents of the plasma, but it allows for a leakage of heat and particles which inhibits the fusion reactions. It is thus essential to understand the origin of anomalous turbulence, the transport it generates and most importantly, how to reduce it. Today it is believed that anomalous transport is due to drift-type waves driven by temperature and density inhomogeneities and the theoretical treatment of these waves is the topic of this thesis.

The first part of the thesis contains a rigorous analytical two-fluid treatment of drift waves driven solely by density inhomogeneities. Effects of the toroidal magnetic field configuration, the Landau resonance, a peaked diamagnetic frequency and a sheared rotation of the plasma have been taken into account. These effects either stabilise or destabilise the drift waves and to determine the net result on the drift waves requires careful analysis. To this end, dispersion relations have been obtained in various limits to determine when to expect the different effects to be dominant. The main result of this part is that with a large enough rotational shear, the drift waves will be quenched.

In the second part we focus on temperature effects and thus treat reactive drift waves, specifically ion temperature gradient and trapped electron modes. In fusion plasmas the α-particles, created as a by-product of the fusion process, transfer the better part of their energy to the electrons and hence the electron temperature is expected to exceed the ion temperature. In most experiments until today, the ion temperature is greater than the electron temperature and this have been proven to improve the plasma confinement. To predict the performance of future fusion plasmas, where the fusion process is ongoing, a comprehensive study of hot-electron plasmas and external heating effects have been carried out. Especially the stiffness (heat flux vs. inverse temperature length scale) of the plasma has been examined. This work was performed by simulations done with the JETTO code utilising the Weiland model. The outcome of these simulations shows that the plasma response to strong heating is very stiff and that the plasma energy confinement time seems to vary little in the hot-electron mode.

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5

Augener, Philip Herbert [Verfasser], and Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] Krüger. "Computation of wave drift forces for dynamic positioning within the early ship design / Philip Herbert Augener. Betreuer: Stefan Krüger." Hamburg : Universitätsbibliothek der Technischen Universität Hamburg-Harburg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1112607730/34.

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6

Acosta, Jared. "Comparative Hydrodynamic Testing of Small Scale Models." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2008. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/864.

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Анотація:
Early in the ship design process, naval architects must often evaluate and compare multiple hull forms for a specific set of requirements. Analytical tools are useful for quick comparisons, but they usually specialize in a specific hull type and are therefore not adequate for comparing dissimilar hull types. Scale model hydrodynamic testing is the traditional evaluation method, and is applicable to most hull forms. Scale model tests are usually performed on the largest model possible in order to achieve the most accurate performance predictions. However, such testing is very resource intensive, and is therefore not a cost effective method of evaluating multiple hull forms. This thesis explores the testing of small scale models. It is hypothesized that although the data acquired by these tests will not be accurate enough for performance predictions, they will be accurate enough to rank the performance of the multiple hull forms being evaluated.
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7

Jonsson, Viktor, and Emil Gustafsson. "Fördelar och nackdelar med HVO inom sjöfarten : En undersökning om hur HVO ur drift- och miljösynpunktstår sig mot traditionell diesel och tjockolja." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Sjöfartshögskolan (SJÖ), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-74344.

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Анотація:
Det här arbetet bygger på en litteraturstudie från föregående arbeten som handlar om biobränslet HVO och dess funktion vid drift av flera olika typer av dieselmotorer. Författarna till arbetet har tittat på de för- och nackdelar som föreligger vid drift på HVO och gjort jämförelser med diesel och HFO vilka dominerar inom sjöfarten idag. Arbetet har gjorts med fokus på teknisk drift samt miljöaspekter vid användning och vi har bortsett från annat som tillgång, framställning och distribution. Vi har även tagit upp kommande utsläppskrav inom sjöfarten och diskuterat vad som kan behöva göras för att klara av dessa. Skillnader i utsläpp vad gäller koldioxid, kväveoxider, svaveloxider och partiklar behandlas tillsammans med driftsaspekter som prestanda, bränsleförbrukning och lagringsstabilitet. Sett till sin helhet har resultaten visat sig vara goda för HVO vid jämförelser mot diesel och HFO, särskilt ur ett miljöperspektiv. Det största dilemmat i dagsläget är huruvida man ska kunna tillgodose de enorma behoven som råder på bränsle, då råvarutillgången är begränsad och framställningsmetoderna kostsamma.
This work is based on a literature study from previous work regarding the biofuel HVO and its function in the operation of several different types of diesel engines. The authors of this work have looked at the pros and cons of operating at HVO and made comparisons with diesel and HFO which dominate in shipping today. The work has been done with a focus on technical operations and environmental aspects in use and we have not taken availability, production and distribution into consideration. We have also raised future emission requirements in shipping and discussed what may be needed to cope with these. Differences in carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and particulate emissions are treated together with operational aspects such as performance, fuel consumption and storage stability. In summary, the results have proven to be in favor for HVO in comparison to diesel and HFO, especially from an environmental perspective. The biggest dilemma at present is whether to meet the enormous needs of fuel, as raw materials are limited and the production methods costly.
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8

Hermansson, Össtein Karl, and Philip Fredriksson. "Trådlöst internet på fartygsbryggan : En litteraturstudie om hur användandet av trådlös internetuppkoppling på fartygsbryggan kan påverka individen som operatör och fartygets drift." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Sjöfartshögskolan (SJÖ), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-43230.

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Анотація:
Denna rapport är en sammanställning av en litteraturstudie som undersöker trådlös nätverksuppkoppling (WLAN) ombord på fartygsbryggor. Samhället utvecklas hela tiden och användandet av enheter med tillgång till internet ökar ständigt. Arbetets syfte var att undersöka den trådlösa uppkopplingens positiva och negativa effekter samt för- respektive nackdelar. En litteratursökning genomfördes och baserades tillsammans med analysen på en mindmap. Resultatet visar flera negativa effekter genom att vara uppkopplad på fartygsbryggan. De slutsatser som arbetet kom fram till var att ökad tillgänglighet leder till ökat användande. Användandet påverkar individens fokus och hälsa negativt. Det kan även påverka sömnen negativt där både mängd och kvalitet försämras. Det positiva som WLAN kan bidra till är ett ökat välmående för individen samt att underlätta arbetet genom sammankoppling av enheter. Det är viktigt att optimera arbetsplatsen så att hälsorisker minimeras. WLAN har överlag en negativ effekt på bryggvakten. Möjligheterna som kommer med WLAN är få i förhållande till riskerna.
This report describes a literature study that examines the wireless local area network (WLAN) aboard the vessels bridge. Society is constantly evolving and the usage of electronic devices with access to the Internet is constantly increasing. The aim of the work was to investigate the wireless connection´s advantages, disadvantages, as well as its positive and negative effects. A literature review was performed and together with the analysis based on a mind map. The results suggests that more negative effects than positive comes with being connected on the vessel´s bridge. The conclusions that can be drawn are that increased availability leads to increased usage. This use affects the individual's focus and health negatively. It can also affect sleep negatively where both quantity and quality deteriorates. The positive aspects WLAN can contribute to are increased well-being of the individual as well as facilitate the work by linking devices together. It is important to optimize the workplace so that health risks are minimized. WLAN generally has a negative effect on the bridge watch. The possibilities that come with WLAN are few in relation to the risks.
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Bieschke, Stefan [Verfasser]. "The Drift Tube Spectrometer for the Measurement of the Muon Flux and Spectrum Emerging from a Proton Beam Dump at the SPS for the SHiP Experiment / Stefan Bieschke." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1234658356/34.

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Kelareva, Elena. "Ship scheduling with time-varying draft restrictions: a case study in optimisation with time-varying costs." Phd thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/12367.

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Анотація:
In the last few decades, optimisation problems in maritime transportation have received increased interest from researchers, since the huge size of the maritime transportation industry means that even small improvements in efficiency carry a high potential benefit. One area of maritime transportation that has remained under-researched is the impact of draft restrictions at ports. Many ports have restrictions on ship draft (distance between the waterline and the keel) which vary over time due to variation in environmental conditions. However, existing optimisation problems in maritime transportation ignore time variation in draft restrictions, thus potentially missing out on opportunities to load more cargo at high tide when there is more water available for the ship to sail in, and more cargo can be loaded safely. This thesis introduces time-varying restrictions on ship draft into several optimisation problems in the maritime industry. First, the Bulk Port Cargo Throughput Optimisation Problem is introduced. This is a novel problem that maximises the amount of cargo carried on a set of ships sailing from a draft-restricted bulk export port. A number of approaches to solving this problem are investigated, and a commercial system - DUKC Optimiser - based on this research is discussed. The DUKC Optimiser system won the Australia-wide NASSCOM Innovation Student Award for IT-Enabled Business Innovation in 2013. The system is now in use at Port Hedland, the world's largest bulk export port, after an investigation showed that it had the potential to increase export revenue at the port by $275 million per year. The second major contribution of this thesis is to introduce time-varying restrictions on ship draft into several larger problems involving ship routing and scheduling with speed optimisation, starting from a problem involving optimising speeds for a single ship travelling along a fixed route, and extending this approach to a cargo routing and scheduling problem with time-varying draft restrictions and speed optimisation. Both the Bulk Port Cargo Throughput Optimisation Problem and the speed optimisation research shows that incorporating time-varying draft restrictions into maritime transportation problems can significantly improve schedule quality, allowing more cargo to be carried on the same set of ships and reducing shipping costs. Finally, this thesis also considers issues beyond time-varying draft restrictions in the maritime industry, and investigates approaches in the literature for solving optimisation problems with time-varying action costs. Several approaches are investigated for their potential to be generalisable between different applications, and faster, more efficient approaches are found for both the Bulk Port Cargo Throughput Optimisation problem, and another problem in maritime transportation - the Liner Shipping Fleet Repositioning Problem.
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Книги з теми "Ship draft"

1

Bligh, William. The Bligh notebook: 'rough account, Lieutenant Wm. Bligh's voyage in the Bounty's launch from the ship to Tofua & from thence to Timor', 28 April to 14 June 1789 : with a draft list of the Bounty mutineers. Canberra: Allen & Unwin in association with the National Library of Australia, 1986.

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2

Paradise drift. New York: Tor, 2005.

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3

Bligh, William. The Bligh notebook: 'Rough account-Lieutenant Wm Bligh's voyage in the Bounty's launch from the ship to Tofua & from thence to Timor' : 28 April to 14 June 1789 : with a draft list of the Bounty mutineers. North Sydney: Allen & Unwin in association withthe National Library of Australia, 1987.

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4

1923-, Bach John, ed. The Bligh notebook: Rough account, Lieutenant Wm. Bligh's voyage in the Bounty's launch from the ship to Tofua & from thence to Timor, 28 April to 14 June 1789 : with a draft list of the Bounty mutineers. North Sydney, NSW, Australia: Allen & Unwin in association with the National Library of Australia, 1987.

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5

1923-, Bach John, ed. The Bligh notebook: Rough account, Lieutenant Wm. Bligh's voyage in the Bounty's launch from the ship to Tofua & from thence to Timor, 28 April to 14 June 1789 : with a draft list of the Bounty mutineers : facsimile edition in two volumes. Canberra: National Library of Australia, 1986.

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6

San Francisco (Calif.). Planning Dept., ed. Hyde Street Fishing Harbor/Pier 45 sheds A & C draft environmental impact report: Draft summary of comments and responses. [San Francisco, Calif.]: The Dept., 1996.

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7

San Francisco (Calif.). Planning Dept., ed. Wharf J-10 demolition and improvements: Draft environmental impact report. [San Francisco, Calif.]: San Francisco Planning Dept., 2005.

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8

San Francisco (Calif.). Planning Dept., ed. Hyde Street Fishing Harbor/Pier 45 sheds A & C: Draft environmental impact report. [San Francisco]: The Dept., 1996.

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9

Canada. Dept. of Finance. Proposed legislation and regulations relating to ships' stores: Notice of ways and means motion, draft regulations and explanatory notes. Ottawa: Dept. of Finance, Canada, 2001.

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10

Canada. Dept. of Finance. Proposed legislation and regulations relating to ships' stores: Notice of ways and means motion, draft regulations and explanatory notes. Ottawa, Ont: Dept. of Finance, 2001.

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Частини книг з теми "Ship draft"

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Ran, Xin, Chaojian Shi, Jinbiao Chen, Shijun Ying, and Keping Guan. "Draft Line Detection Based on Image Processing for Ship Draft Survey." In Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing, 39–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28308-6_6.

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Soldani, M., and O. Faggioni. "A Tool to Aid the Navigation in La Spezia Harbour (Italy)." In Geomatics for Green and Digital Transition, 89–101. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17439-1_6.

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AbstractThe knowledge of sea level in harbours is very important to manage port activities (safety of navigation, prevention of ship stranding, optimization of vessel loading, water quality control). In this article we describe the use of a software tool developed to help local authorities and working organizations to optimize navigation and avoid or manage hazardous situations due to sea level changes in port basins. This prototype application, starting from reading data coming from a monitoring station in La Spezia harbour (in North Western Italy), updates dynamically the port bathymetry based on sea level oscillations (measured in the past or real-time, or expected in the near future). Then, it detects potentially dangerous areas for a given ship moving in the basin at a certain time, by means of the idea of “virtual traffic lights”: sea level variations are provided as parameters to the application that performs the updating of the bathymetric map and the subdivision of the harbour in allowed (green)/warning (yellow)/prohibited (red) areas for each ship, based on its draft. The tool can provide a useful support interface to competent authorities to avoid or manage critical situations by detecting hazardous areas for a given vessel at a given time.
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Choi, H. S., and D. J. Kim. "Large Slow Drift of a Ship in Slightly Modulated Beam Seas." In Nonlinear Water Waves, 451–57. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83331-1_50.

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Lydecker, Andrew D. W., and Stephen R. James. "The Ship Graveyards of New York Harbor: Damaging Drift or Vanishing Resource?" In The Archaeology of Watercraft Abandonment, 137–52. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7342-8_8.

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Pesce, C. P., and J. A. P. Aranha. "Asymptotic and Variational Methods Applied to the Evaluation of Wave Drift Forces." In Advances in Berthing and Mooring of Ships and Offshore Structures, 380–95. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1407-0_23.

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Capogrosso, Roberta, Giulia De Aloysio, Luca Laghi, Roberto Malvezzi, Eraldo Menconi, Marco Padula, Francesca Pecchia, Ángel Ruìz Cruceira, José Manuel Salmeròn Lissén, and Paolo Luigi Scala. "Deep Energy Retrofit of Residential Buildings in the Mediterranean Area: The MedZEB Approach." In Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions, 29–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57764-3_3.

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AbstractMediterranean deep retrofit markets are characterized by common barriers and bottlenecks, which barely have been identified as shared challenges, and this has led to a lack of dedicated solutions and to a substantial delay in achieving the 2020 EU policy targets. This situation is addressed by the H2020 HAPPEN project by proposing a new MedZEB approach characterized by the following features: Holistic, i.e., aimed at integrating the most relevant aspects of the retrofitting supply chain; Transparent, i.e., aimed at putting on the market novel tools for enhancing investors’ trust; Adaptive, i.e., aimed at enhancing “added values” of the retrofitting such as flexibility, well-being, etc. Having arrived at its midpoint, HAPPEN has produced an advanced version of its main outputs, among which are: the HAPPEN cost-optimal technical solutions, developed according to a step-by-step logic; the HAPPEN financial solution, fully integrated with the step-by-step logic, and aimed at funding the retrofitting process by relying on the energy savings achieved; the MedZEB protocol conceived as a guarantee scheme for the achievement of retrofit targets; the HAPPEN platform, an assisted digital marketplace aimed at matching demand and offer according to a one-stop-shop logic, at defragmenting the retrofit value chain, and at supporting actors with dedicated tools. These outputs have been developed also thanks to an extensive living laboratory and pilot-building program, carried out within ten pilot sites across seven EU Med countries; this has made it possible for a large engagement of potential users, which resulted in the ideation of the HAPPEN program, an overall framework aimed at integrating project outputs into an exploitable renovation procedure powered by the HAPPEN platform. This paper describes the first simulation of such a procedure in its entirety based on a real case study. After characterizing the building according to the HAPPEN reference buildings and climates lists, a step-by-step cost-optimal package of solutions was calculated, followed by the application of the HAPPEN financial solution, and by the draft issue of the MedZEB protocol. Results provide the first evidence of the effectiveness of the MedZEB approach in potentially unlocking the deep retrofit market in the Med area, with special attention to the possibility of funding the interventions by relying on the economies generated by the energy savings achieved. Further, the project activities will be aimed at co-creating, together with relevant stakeholders, a go-to-market strategy for the HAPPEN program.
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Barrass, C. B., and D. R. Derrett. "Draft Surveys." In Ship Stability for Masters and Mates, 467–72. Elsevier, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-097093-6.00054-2.

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Barrass, C. B., and Captain D. R. Derrett. "Draft Surveys." In Ship Stability for Masters and Mates, 467–69. Elsevier, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-075066784-5/50055-1.

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Barrass, C. B., and D. R. Derrett. "Group Weights, Water Draft, Air Draft, and Density." In Ship Stability for Masters and Mates, 3–13. Elsevier, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-097093-6.00001-3.

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Barrass, C. B., and Captain D. R. Derrett. "Group weights, water draft, air draft and density." In Ship Stability for Masters and Mates, 34–43. Elsevier, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-075066784-5/50007-1.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Ship draft"

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de Mesquita Ortiz, Luiza, Severino Fonseca da Silva Neto, and Sergio Hamilton Sphaier. "Procedure to Obtain Added Mass in Ships From Natural Frequencies Measured in Hull Vertical Vibration Full Scale Tests." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-11391.

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This work shows an experimental-numerical procedure used to determine added mass of ships. A numerical Finite Element ship hull model is constructed according to the weight distribution and the drafts over its length during the full scale vibration measurement. The rate breadth/draft for each frame of the hull is considered as the independent variable of a quadratic function representing the added mass distribution, which coefficients are determined in order to minimize the sum of squared differences between the natural frequencies obtained numerically in respect with those obtained in the correspondent full scale measurement. The added mass coefficients obtained from the experimental data of a first ship are then used to predict numerically the natural frequencies of a second ship of the same type.
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Vantorre, Marc, Erik Laforce, Katrien Eloot, Jan Richter, Jeroen Verwilligen, and Evert Lataire. "Ship Motions in Shallow Water As the Base for a Probabilistic Approach Policy." In ASME 2008 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2008-57912.

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A calculation tool has been developed for determining tidal windows for deep-drafted ships approaching and leaving the Belgian harbors according to probabilistic criteria. The calculations are based on a database containing response functions for the vertical motions in waves and squat data for a selection of representative ships. The database contains both results of model tests carried out in the Towing tank for maneuvers in shallow water – co-operation Flanders Hydraulics Research & Ghent University in Antwerp (Belgium), as well as calculated values. During the experiments, draft, trim, under keel clearance (7 to 20% of draft) and speed have been varied. The tests were performed in regular waves with lengths which are small compared to ship length, and in wave spectra that are typical for the Belgian coastal area. For given input data (ship characteristics, speed, tide, directional wave spectra, bottom, trajectory, current, departure time), the tool calculates the probability of bottom touch during the transit, so that a tidal window can be determined. Other restrictions, such as penetration into fluid mud layers and current, are taken into account as well.
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Paroka, D., and M. Djadir. "Stability of Ships with Large Breadth-Draft Ratio in Following and Quartering Seas." In ICSOT Indonesia: Developments in Ship Design & Construction 2012. RINA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3940/rina.icsotin.2012.18.

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4

Perera, Lokukaluge P., Brage Mo, Leifur Arnar Kristjánsson, Petter Chr Jønvik, and Jan Øivind Svardal. "Evaluations on Ship Performance Under Varying Operational Conditions." In ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-41793.

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Various emission control measures have been introduced in the recent years for improving vessel performance in the shipping industry. That consists of: Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) for new ships and Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) and Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator (EEOI) for all ships. These emission control measures enforce the shipping industry to improve operational conditions and to implement modern technology for more energy efficient shipping fleets. Therefore, this study presents preliminary data analysis of a selected vessel for monitoring its performance along the ship routes. The results consist of observing vessel performance under several navigation parameters: ship GPS speed (i.e. speed over the ground), log speed, course, fuel consumption, main and auxiliary engine power, main engine shaft RPM, loading and draft conditions with respect to the route, voyage time and wind conditions. Furthermore, these parameters have been used to analyze potential and optimal energy usage situations in ship navigation with respect to the EEOI, in which represents an important part of the SEEMP.
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Zhou, Jiahai, and Panpan Zhang. "Design of a Dynamic Ship Draft Detection System in Inland Navigation." In 2016 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Engineering Applications. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aiea-16.2016.51.

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Xiaobo, Sheng, Li Xinli, Liu Huaihan, Chu Xiumin, and Chen Xianqiao. "The design research of dynamic measurement system of inland ship draft." In 2015 International Conference on Transportation Information and Safety (ICTIS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ictis.2015.7232100.

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Bindingsbo̸, Arne Ulrik, and Arve Bjo̸rset. "Deep Draft Semi Submersible." In ASME 2002 21st International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2002-28369.

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High Pressure and High Temperature wells together with harsh environmental conditions puts a tough challenge on the flowline and riser design. The flexible riser which has been the favorite choice for many field developments with subsea wells have several technical limitations. Large gas fields such as Ormen Lange require large bore export risers. Steel risers are the preferred solutions with respect to durability and cost. Unfortunately, it is difficult for steel risers to accommodate the vessel motions of a semi submersible or ship. Heave restricted vessels such as TLP or SPAR are used together with toptensioned risers and surface trees. Based on the limitations of flexible risers Hydro is pursuing extensive research on riser and floater technology. As part of this research program a study on the effect on riser design caused by reducing vessel motions. The main goal is to introduce steel catenary risers (SCR) on semi submersible platforms. The typical draft of a semi submersible production platform is 20–25 m. By reengineering the design of such a platform and increasing the draft from 21 m to 40 m the vessel motions were reduced significantly. Hence, an opening for novel riser solutions was made. ULS and FLS analyses for 10″ and 30″ SCR in 300 and 1000 m water depth were carried out. The key result is that the 10Prime; riser satisfies both the ULS and FLS requirement for both vessel drafts and water depth and the 30Prime; riser satisfies the both the ULS and FLS requirement for the 40 m vessel draft at 1000 m water depth.
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Thomas, Della, S. Surendran, and Nilesh J. Vasa. "Biofouling Characterization and its Effect on Resistance of Surface Ship." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-96220.

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Abstract Manufacture of coatings to tackle the biofouling menace has been of prime concern for the shipping industry since industrial revolution. Even though many types of coatings exist in the market, they have not been able to wipe out the problem of biofouling completely. The proposed approach which combines both the resistance due to biofouling on ships, as well as biofouling characterization, will surely serve as a critical input for the manufacture of efficient anti-fouling coatings. Resistance simulations have been carried out for a tanker ship by Maxsurf® wherein the hull fouling effect has been accounted for by modified ITTC 1978 empirical formula considering roughness. Different draft conditions were relied upon to find out the resistance at various Froude numbers. The fouling growth conditions considered are small and medium calcareous fouling. The simulated results also have been validated by towing tank experiments, for no-foul condition, for speeds varying from 0.3 to 1.1 m/s and different drafts. The additional power requirement was determined for various loading conditions and speed ranges.
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Woelke, Pawel, Eric Hansen, Chad McArthur, Najib Abboud, Darren Tennant, and James Wesevich. "Investigation of Ship Impact Scenarios and Mitigation Measures." In ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-42296.

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Ship impact is an important loading scenario for analysis and design of bridges, oil platforms, and other marine structures. Ships collision is also a very important design consideration for ship hulls. Designing structures to resist both accidental and intentional ship impact requires characterization of the impact loading history. Standard design practice relies on simplified methods to determine the impact loads, which typically consider only speed and mass of the vessel. However, ship impact is a complicated non-linear structural dynamic event that depends not just on the size and mass of the vessel, but also local stiffening pattern, location and function of the bulkheads, possible ice-strengthening classification, draft, presence of the bulbous bow, and many other factors. Neglecting these factors can lead to overestimation or underestimation of the loads, depending on a specific scenario. The discrepancies between simplified load estimates and detailed finite element analyses are investigated in this paper.
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Ottens, Harald, and Alessio Pistidda. "Motion RAOs of a SSCV at Deep and Inconvenient Draft Using CFD." In ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-41917.

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As an offshore contractor Heerema Marine Contractors (HMC) is specialized in the transportation and installation of offshore structures such as jackets, topsides and subsea infrastructure. Semi-Submersible Crane Vessels (SSCVs) are a part of the fleet currently operated. These vessels are mainly used for heavy lift and subsea construction operations in deep water. However, in recent years heavy lift operations in shallow waters have been increased. In very shallow waters the lift operation cannot be performed on the standard deep operational draft and shallower drafts are required, to maintain sufficient bottom clearance. Diffraction programs using potential theory are a quick and effective method in calculating wave forces and ship motions. However for shallow drafts, where only a small layer of water is present on top of a submerged body, diffraction calculations typically overpredict motion and wave load RAOs. This shortcoming of diffraction programs is well known and observed after conducting model tests on a free floating SSCV at a shallow draft. As such, from a numerical point of view, these shallow drafts can be considered “inconvenient drafts”. To verify whether CFD is able to predict the SSCV motions at these inconvenient drafts, CFD simulations are performed on a SSCV in waves. The SSCV is free to heave, roll and pitch. The focus will be on beam incoming waves with the SSCV at different drafts ranging from a deep draft, where potential theory is able to predict the motions very well to shallow drafts, where potential theory typically overpredicts the motions. To limit the simulation domain an Euler Overlay Method is used where in the vicinity of the SSCV the domain is simulated using CFD by overlaying an Euler solution defined at the outer domain. To allow the SSCV to heave, roll and pitch within the domain the overset mesh method is used.
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Звіти організацій з теми "Ship draft"

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McAlpin, Jennifer N., and Cassandra G. Ross. Houston Ship Channel Expansion Channel Improvement Project (ECIP) Numerical Modeling Report : Increased Channel Width Analysis. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/39739.

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The Houston Ship Channel is one of the busiest deep -draft navigation channels in the United States and must be able to accommodate larger vessel dimensions over time. The U.S. Army Engineer District, Galveston (SWG) requested the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory perform hydrodynamic and sediment modeling of proposed modifications along the Houston Ship Channel. The modeling results are necessary to provide data for salinity and sediment transport analysis a s well as ship simulation studies. SWG provided a project alternative that includes channel widening, deepening, and bend easing. After initial analysis, two additional channel widths in the bay portion of the Houston Ship Channel were requested for testing. The results of these additional channel widths are presented in this report. The model shows that the salinity does not vary significantly due to the channel modifications being considered for this project. Changes in salinity are 2 parts per thousand or less. The tidal prism increases by less than 2% when the project is included, and the tidal amplitudes increase by no more than 0.01 meter. The residual velocity vectors do vary in and around areas where project modifications are made.
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2

Malej, Matt, and Fengyan Shi. Suppressing the pressure-source instability in modeling deep-draft vessels with low under-keel clearance in FUNWAVE-TVD. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40639.

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This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering Technical Note (CHETN) documents the development through verification and validation of three instability-suppressing mechanisms in FUNWAVE-TVD, a Boussinesq-type numerical wave model, when modeling deep-draft vessels with a low under-keel clearance (UKC). Many large commercial ports and channels (e.g., Houston Ship Channel, Galveston, US Army Corps of Engineers [USACE]) are traveled and affected by tens of thousands of commercial vessel passages per year. In a series of recent projects undertaken for the Galveston District (USACE), it was discovered that when deep-draft vessels are modeled using pressure-source mechanisms, they can suffer from model instabilities when low UKC is employed (e.g., vessel draft of 12 m¹ in a channel of 15 m or less of depth), rendering a simulation unstable and obsolete. As an increasingly large number of deep-draft vessels are put into service, this problem is becoming more severe. This presents an operational challenge when modeling large container-type vessels in busy shipping channels, as these often will come as close as 1 m to the bottom of the channel, or even touch the bottom. This behavior would subsequently exhibit a numerical discontinuity in a given model and could severely limit the sample size of modeled vessels. This CHETN outlines a robust approach to suppressing such instability without compromising the integrity of the far-field vessel wave/wake solution. The three methods developed in this study aim to suppress high-frequency spikes generated nearfield of a vessel. They are a shock-capturing method, a friction method, and a viscosity method, respectively. The tests show that the combined shock-capturing and friction method is the most effective method to suppress the local high-frequency noises, while not affecting the far-field solution. A strong test, in which the target draft is larger than the channel depth, shows that there are no high-frequency noises generated in the case of ship squat as long as the shock-capturing method is used.
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3

Brown, Gary L., and Luong Phu V. Investigation of Sources of Sediment Associated with Deposition in the Calcasieu Ship Channel. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44907.

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The Calcasieu Ship Channel (CSC) is a deep-draft federal channel located in southwest Louisiana. It is the channelized lowermost segment of the Calcasieu River, connecting Lake Charles to the Gulf of Mexico. With support from the Regional Sediment Management Program, the US Army Corps of Engineers, New Orleans District, requested that the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory, perform an investigation of the potential sources of sediment associated with dredging in the CSC. A previous study had quantified sediment from known sources, indicating that the known sediment sources contribute approximately only 21% of the volume that is regularly dredged from the channel. This technical report details the results of the current study, which employed multiple methods, including numerical analysis, to identify potential additional sources of sediment by first examining the available literature and the modeled energetics and flow pathways, and then estimating the quantities of sediment associated with these identified sources that may be contributing to the shoaling of the CSC. The results of these efforts were used to update the original sediment budget with estimates of the contributions from two additional sources: the erosion of interior wetlands and coastally derived sediments.
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4

McAlpin, Jennifer, and Cassandra Ross. Houston Ship Channel Expansion Channel Improvement Project (ECIP) numerical modeling report : BABUS cell and Bird Island analysis. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41581.

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The Houston Ship Channel (HSC) is one of the busiest deep-draft navigation channels in the United States and must be able to accommodate increasing vessel sizes. The US Army Engineer District, Galveston (SWG), requested the Engineer Research and Development Center, Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory, perform hydrodynamic and sediment modeling of proposed modifications in Galveston and Trinity Bays and along the HSC. The modeling results are necessary to provide data for hydrodynamic, salinity, and sediment transport analysis. SWG provided three project alternatives that include closing Rollover Pass, Bay Aquatic Beneficial Use System cells, Bird Islands, and HSC modifications. These alternatives and a Base (existing condition) will be simulated for present (2029) and future (2079) conditions. The results of these alternatives/conditions as compared to the Base are presented in this report. The model shows that the mean salinity varies by 2–3 ppt due to the HSC channel modifications and by approximately 5 ppt in the area of East Bay due to the closure of Rollover Pass. The tidal prism increases by 2.5% to 5% in the alternatives. The tidal amplitudes change by less than 0.01 m. The residual velocity vectors vary in and around areas where project modifications are made.
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