Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Shi di xue bao"

Objetivo: Esse estudo objetivou investigar percepções de estudantes de Odontologia quanto ao medo e à ansiedade em relação ao manejo de pacientes e ao risco de infecção por COVID-19. Materiais e métodos: Esse estudo transversal envolveu todos os alunos regularmente matriculados em Odontologia, no primeiro semestre de 2020, da Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Um questionário foi aplicado, coletando dados demográficos, nível de formação e perguntas relacionadas ao medo e ansiedade frente à pandemia de COVID-19. Quatro comparações de acordo com a fase da graduação (fase pré-clínica ou clínica), nível de graduação e pós-graduação e de acordo com os sexos foram feitas. Análises independentes para as comparações entre os sexos foram realizadas para os alunos de graduação e de pós-graduação (α<5%). Resultados: Foram incluídos 408 estudantes. Na graduação, mulheres relataram sentirem-se mais ansiosas ao realizar tratamento em pacientes com suspeita de COVID-19 (54%) e sentem mais medo ao ouvir que a infecção tem causado mortes (92,4%), na pós-graduação, responderam ser mais nervosas para conversar com pacientes em ambientes fechados em comparações com homens (P<0,05). Alunos em fase pré-clínica possuem significativamente menor receio (65,5%), ansiedade (32,3%) e nervosismo (28,3%) do contágio do COVID-19 quando comparados com aqueles na fase clínica. Conclusões: Mulheres e alunos na fase clínica apresentam maior ansiedade e nervosismo. Descritores: Ansiedade; Estudantes de Odontologia; Medo; Infecções por Coronavírus. Referências Chang J, Yuan Y, Wang D. [Mental health status and its influencing factors among college students during the epidemic of COVID-19]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 2020;40(2):171-176. World Health Organization. WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19- 11 March 2020. 2020. Disponível em: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020. Acesso em: 8 de novembro de 2020. Pascarella G, Strumia A, Piliego C, Bruno F, Del Buono R, Costa F, Scarlata S, Agrò FE. COVID-19 diagnosis and management: a comprehensive review. J Intern Med. 2020;288(2):192-206. Chen E, Lerman K, Ferrara E. Tracking Social Media Discourse About the COVID-19 Pandemic: Development of a Public Coronavirus Twitter Data Set. JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2020;6(2):e19273. Iyer P, Aziz K, Ojcius DM. Impact of COVID-19 on dental education in the United States. J Dent Educ. 2020;84(6):718-722. Meng L, Hua F, Bian Z. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Emerging and Future Challenges for Dental and Oral Medicine. J Dent Res. 2020;99(5):481-487. Peng X, Xu X, Li Y, Cheng L, Zhou X, Ren B. Transmission routes of 2019-nCoV and controls in dental practice. Int J Oral Sci. 2020;12(1):9. Machado RA, Bonan PRF, Perez DEDC, Martelli Júnior H. COVID-19 pandemic and the impact on dental education: discussing current and future perspectives. Braz Oral Res. 2020;34:e083. Ataş O, Talo Yildirim T. Evaluation of knowledge, attitudes, and clinical education of dental students about COVID-19 pandemic. PeerJ. 2020;8:e9575. Deery C. The COVID-19 pandemic: implications for dental education. Evid Based Dent. 2020;21(2):46-47. Basudan S, Binanzan N, Alhassan A. Depression, anxiety and stress in dental students. Int J Med Educ. 2017;8:179-186. Elani HW, Allison PJ, Kumar RA, Mancini L, Lambrou A, Bedos C. A systematic review of stress in dental students. J Dent Educ. 2014; 78(2):226-42. Sahu P. Closure of Universities Due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Impact on Education and Mental Health of Students and Academic Staff. Cureus. 2020;12(4):e7541. 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Naz N, Iqbal S, Mahmood A. Stress, anxiety and depression among the dental students of university college of medicine and dentistry Lahore; Pakistan. Pak J Med Health Sci. 2017;11(4):1277-81. Waqas A, Iftikhar A, Malik Z, Aedma KK, Meraj H, Naveed S. Association of severity of depressive symptoms with sleep quality, social support and stress among Pakistani medical and dental students: A cross-sectional study. Global Psychiatry. 2019;2(2):211-20. Wang Y, Di Y, Ye J, Wei W. Study on the public psychological states and its related factors during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in some regions of China. Psychol Health Med. 2020;1-10. Xiong J, Lipsitz O, Nasri F, Lui LMW, Gill H, Phan L, Chen-Li D, Iacobucci M, Ho R, Majeed A, McIntyre RS. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the general population: A systematic review. J Affect Disord. 2020;277:55-64. Liu N, Zhang F, Wei C, Jia Y, Shang Z, Sun L, Wu L, Sun Z, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Liu W. 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Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries feature a high theoretical capacity of 1675 mAh/g and hence is considered as a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries. However, deployment of Li-S batteries has been hindered by the low practical energy and limited cycle life.1, 2 Reducing cathode porosity is essential to balancing the electrolyte distribution in Li-S cell, conserving more pore-filling electrolyte to extend cell cycle life.3-5 However, low-porosity electrodes built with nanosized sulfur/carbon (S/C) materials suffer from high tortuosity that significantly deteriorates electrode wetting and hence sulfur utilization. Enabling operation of high-loading sulfur electrodes under both low-porosity and lean-electrolyte conditions is still a challenge and is seldom discussed. In this study,6 we demonstrated a novel and facile strategy for constructing low-tortuosity through-pores across both vertical and planar directions of electrodes by casting large particles into single-particle-layer electrodes. Through multi-scale characterizations and simulations, correlations between material/electrode structures, electrolyte permeability, polysulfide migration, and sulfur reactions were elucidated. The high-loading and dense sulfur cathode fabricated by this method delivers a high specific capacity (>1000 mAh g-1) at a very low electrolyte/sulfur (E/S) ratio of 4 μL mg-1. This study provides a novel approach to reducing the tortuosity of dense sulfur electrodes by manipulating the porosity distribution, which would be also applicable to improving the rate capability of other high-energy electrodes. More details of the progress will be discussed at the meeting. Reference. Dörfler, S.; Althues, H.; Härtel, P.; Abendroth, T.; Schumm, B.; Kaskel, S., Challenges and Key Parameters of Lithium-Sulfur Batteries on Pouch Cell Level. Joule 2020, 4 (3), 539-554. Xue, W.; Miao, L.; Qie, L.; Wang, C.; Li, S.; Wang, J.; Li, J., Gravimetric and volumetric energy densities of lithium-sulfur batteries. Current Opinion in Electrochemistry 2017, 6 (1), 92-99. Lu, D.; Li, Q.; Liu, J.; Zheng, J.; Wang, Y.; Ferrara, S.; Xiao, J.; Zhang, J. G.; Liu, J., Enabling High-Energy-Density Cathode for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018, 10 (27), 23094-23102. Kang, N.; Lin, Y.; Yang, L.; Lu, D.; Xiao, J.; Qi, Y.; Cai, M., Cathode porosity is a missing key parameter to optimize lithium-sulfur battery energy density. Nat Commun 2019, 10 (1), 4597. Feng, S.; Liu, J.; Zhang, X.; Shi, L.; Anderson, C.; Lin, Y.; Song, M.-K.; Liu, J.; Xiao, J.; Lu, D., Rationalizing nitrogen-doped secondary carbon particles for practical lithium-sulfur batteries. Nano Energy 2022, 103. Feng, S.; Singh, R. K.; Fu, Y.; Li, Z.; Wang, Y.; Bao, J.; Xu, Z.; Li, G.; Anderson, C.; Shi, L.; Lin, Y.; Khalifah, P. G.; Wang, W.; Liu, J.; Xiao, J.; Lu, D., Low-tortuous and dense single-particle-layer electrode for high-energy lithium-sulfur batteries. Energy & Environ. Sci. 2022.

Abstract Background: Fetal adenocarcinoma of the lung (FLAC) is a rare form of lung adenocarcinoma and was divided into high-grade (H-FLAC) and low-grade (L-FLAC) subtypes. Until now, much of the knowledge regarding FLAC is from case reports or small case series and there was no comprehensive multi-omics study of FLAC. Methods: A total of 20 FLAC patients who underwent tumor resection were retrospectively recruited in this study. Three regions from each of the 20 tumor specimens and matched normal tissue specimens were collected. Whole-exome sequencing, targeted bisulfite sequencing and whole transcriptome sequencing were performed on multi-regional tumor samples and normal tissue samples. Results: We compared our FLAC cohort with a conventional East Asian-ancestry lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and revealed lower frequencies of altered driver genes on both somatic mutations and CNV levels, including EGFR, KRAS and ERRB2, in FLAC. Mutational signature analysis showed an enrichment of age-related mutational signatures in FLAC and tobacco-associated and defective DNA mismatch repair-related signatures were more enriched in H-FLAC and in L-FLAC, respectively. Significant differences between H-FLAC and L-FLAC were observed in the genomic and epigenomic landscape. In contrast, the transcriptomic landscape of H-FLAC closely dissembled L-FLAC by pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes. Furthermore, although genetic and epigenetic changes showed congruent evolutionary trajectories, the relationships between multi-level intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) were distinct in H-FLAC and L-FLAC. The genetic and transcriptional ITH showed a significant negative correlation in H-FLAC but a significant positive correlation in L-FLAC. Moreover, the lower genetic ITH was significantly related to a worse recurrence-free survival and overall survival in FLAC patients whereas lower methylation ITH H-FLAC patients tended to have better survival. Conclusions: In this study, we first depicted the multi-omics landscapes of this rare lung cancer type and compared the two subtypes in a multi-omics and heterogeneity aspect. Different levels of ITH showed different relationships with survival, and non-genetic ITH, instead of genetic ITH, may contribute to the prognosis in FLAC patients. Citation Format: Wei Guo, Li Sun, Xiaoxi Chen, Haitao Zhou, Shi Yan, Gang Zhao, Haimeng Tang, Hua Bao, Xue Wu, Yang Shao, Lin Lin. Multi-omics analysis of molecular landscape and heterogeneity in fetal adenocarcinoma of the lung [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 112.

Abstract Prostate cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in men. Current prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-based diagnostic strategy for prostate cancer may frequently cause overdiagnosis. In this study, we prospectively recruited 380 individuals, including 167 with pathologically confirmed prostate cancer, 127 with negative prostate biopsy results, and 86 assessed healthy cohort with no need for biopsy. We collected a plasma sample from each participant, performed whole-genome sequencing, and profiled cell-free DNA (cfDNA) neomer and fragmentation characteristics. We then developed a machine learning model using these cfDNA profiles to predict prostate cancer biopsy outcomes. Our results showed that this assay could achieve high accuracy (Accuracy: 85.3%, AUROC: 0.919, 95% CI: 0.892 - 0.946) in repeated 5-fold cross validations. Patients with negative biopsy results had higher prediction scores than healthy individuals (P &lt; 2.2X10-16), making them less distinguishable from prostate cancer patients (AUROC: 0.878, 95% CI: 0.837 - 0.918 vs. AUROC: 0.980, 95% CI: 0.963 - 0.997). We further combined this cfDNA-based assay with the PSA testing and constructed an ensemble model. The classification performance was further improved in the ensemble model, showing AUROC metrics of 0.951 (95% CI: 0.932 - 0.969) between cancer and non-cancer, 0.919 (95% CI: 0.889 - 0.949) between cancer and negative biopsy, and 0.998 (95% CI: 0.994 - 1.000) between cancer and healthy individuals. At a sensitivity of 90.4%, the ensemble assay accurately identified 85.4% of non-cancerous conditions, including 76.4% of negative biopsy patients and 98.8% of healthy individuals. We concluded that our cfDNA fragmentation and neomer-based assay could be incorporated into the PSA-based predicting system for prostate cancer to increase the accuracy and reduce the overdiagnosis. Citation Format: Fei Liu, Kaoqing Peng, Rui Chen, Mingzhao Li, Tao Zeng, Yan Zhao, Ming Wang, Hongxing Liu, Jianhao Wu, Min Wu, Haimeng Tang, Hua Bao, Xue Wu, Yang Shao, Di Gu, Shancheng Ren. Neomer and fragmentation profiles of cell-free DNA with low-pass whole genome sequencing to predict prostate cancer biopsy outcomes [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 6599.

Parents play an important role in the development of their children. This research reflects the role of parents in developing children. Through four stages of identification, screening, eligibility, and acceptable results, this method uses a systematic literature review using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) method. The findings from the fourteen articles examined show that parenting skills play an important role in a child's growth and development from birth to death. The determining factor in the development of physical, motoric, moral, language, social-emotional, and life skills aspects is the role of both parents as important teachers for children from birth to adulthood. Parents can also use a variety of parenting strategies and skills, many of which they have learned throughout their lives and passed on to their children, to help their children grow. 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Thesis (M.Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 323-342). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.