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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Sexual behavior surveys"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 29 липня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Sexual behavior surveys"

Roberts, Hannah, Angus Clark, Carter Sherman, Mary M. Heitzeg, and Brian M. Hicks. "Age, sex, and other demographic trends in sexual behavior in the United States: Initial findings of the sexual behaviors, internet use, and psychological adjustment survey." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 6, 2021): e0255371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255371.

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It remains unclear how the seemingly ubiquitous use of the internet impacts user’s offline personal relationships, particularly those that are romantic or sexual. Therefore, we conducted a national online survey to better understand the associations among internet use, sexual behavior, and adjustment called the Sexual Behaviors, Internet Use, and Psychological Adjustment Survey (SIPS). Here, we report patterns of sexual behavior in a sample of adults (N = 1987; ages 18–70) in the United States to establish its representativeness and consistency with similar recent surveys. We found age- and sex-related trends in oral, vaginal, and anal sex in terms of prevalence, frequency, number of partners, and age of initiation consistent with prior studies. We also detected differences in sexual behaviors based on relationship status and sexual orientation, but small and relatively few significant differences across racial and ethnic groups. The results confirm and expand upon trends identified in prior national surveys of sexual behavior, establishing the representativeness of the SIPS sample for use in future research examining the links among sexual behaviors and romantic relationships, internet use, and adjustment.

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King, Bruce M. "The Influence of Social Desirability on Sexual Behavior Surveys: A Review." Archives of Sexual Behavior 51, no. 3 (February 10, 2022): 1495–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10508-021-02197-0.

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AbstractResearch in fields for which self-reported behaviors can be compared with factual data reveals that misreporting is pervasive and often extreme. The degree of misreporting is correlated with the level of social desirability, i.e., the need to respond in a culturally appropriate manner. People who are influenced by social desirability tend to over-report culturally desired behaviors and under-report undesired behaviors. This paper reviews socially desirable responding in sexual behavior research. Given the very private nature of the sexual activity, sex researchers generally lack a gold standard by which to compare self-reported sexual behaviors and have relied on the anonymity of participants as the methodology to assure honest answers on sexual behavior surveys. However, indirect evidence indicates that under-reporting (e.g., of a number of sexual partners, receptive anal intercourse, condom use) is common. Among the general population, several studies have now reported that even with anonymous responding, there are significant correlations between a variety of self-reported sexual behaviors (e.g., use of condoms, sexual fantasies, exposure to pornography, penis size) and social desirability, with evidence that extreme under- or over-reporting is as common as is found in other fields. When asking highly sensitive questions, sex researchers should always include a measure of social desirability and take that into account when analyzing their results.

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Hamilton, Deven T., and Martina Morris. "Consistency of Self-Reported Sexual Behavior in Surveys." Archives of Sexual Behavior 39, no. 4 (July 9, 2009): 842–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10508-009-9505-7.

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Daminato, Luca, Greta Riboli, Mattia Nese, Gianni Brighetti, Daniel Giunti, and Rosita Borlimi. "How Italians Transgress: A Survey on Rough Sexual Behaviors in a Sample of Italians." Sexes 5, no. 2 (April 25, 2024): 58–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sexes5020005.

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Surveys of the Italian population typically assess general sexual behaviors (e.g., oral, vaginal and anal intercourse). However, little is known about other sexual behavior such as rough sexual behaviors, choking and slapping. Thus, an online cross-sectional survey of 4618 Italian participants was conducted. In the past month, the most prevalent sexual behaviors were solo masturbation (93.6%), partner masturbation (80.0%), oral sex (71.4% received, 75.9% performed), penile–vaginal intercourse (75.7%) and anal intercourse (12.5% received, 7.1% performed). Regarding rough sexual behaviors, the most common behaviors performed were spanking (23.3% received, 55.5% performed), choking (13.2% receive, 60.0% performed), slapping (30.1% received, 20.9% performed) and name calling (44.5% received, 37.0% performed). Our results suggest a gender difference where men and transgender/non-binary individuals perform more rough sexual behaviors compared to women. Moreover, regarding the role of consent in behaviors such as choking and slapping, our results highlight the importance of sexual and affective education to implement sexual assertiveness. In conclusion, this study adds knowledge to the limited literature on this topic, especially with respect to the Italian population.

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Lindberg, Laura D., Rachel H. Scott, Sheila Desai, and Zoe H. Pleasure. "Comparability of estimates and trends in adolescent sexual and contraceptive behaviors from two national surveys: National Survey of Family Growth and the Youth Risk Behavior Survey." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 30, 2021): e0253262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253262.

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Objective To compare adolescents’ reports of sexual and contraceptive behaviors between the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) and the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). Methods For each survey, we estimated the year- and sex-specific prevalence of sexual and contraceptive behaviors among a comparably defined sample of US respondents ages 15–19 currently attending high school. We used logistic regression to test for changes in prevalence from 2007–2019 and conducted sensitivity analyses to investigate between-survey differences. Results We found differences in both prevalence and trends between the YRBS and NSFG when limited to a comparably defined sample. Compared to the NSFG, adolescents in the YRBS were more likely to report being sexually experienced, less likely to report use of prescription methods for both sexes, and less likely to report condoms among males. Only the YRBS estimated significant declines in sexual experience for both sexes, and significant increases in prescription methods and declines in condom use among males. Differences between surveys in the prevalence of specific contraceptive methods reflected greater combined use of methods in the NSFG. We identified differences in question-wording and other aspects that may influence these differential patterns. Conclusions The NSFG and YRBS produced inconsistent prevalence estimates and trends for sexual and contraceptive behaviors among in-school adolescents. Further efforts to improve these national surveillance systems are critical to inform policy and research efforts that support adolescent sexual and reproductive health and wellbeing.

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Hill, Julie C., Julia A. Graber, Esther Jean-Baptiste, and Kelly J. Johnson. "Factors Associated With Attitude-Behavior Conflicts Among Sexually Experienced, Rural, Early Adolescents." Journal of Early Adolescence 39, no. 1 (August 27, 2017): 81–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272431617725194.

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Adolescents’ attitudes predict sexual behavior; therefore, attitudes are targeted in sexually transmitted infection (STI) and pregnancy prevention programs. However, attitudes and behaviors do not always align. Young adolescents who have had penile vaginal intercourse (PVI) and have attitudes supportive of PVI have two risk factors for future health risks while those with attitudes in conflict with PVI experience (i.e., attitudes not supportive of PVI) only have one risk factor, that is, early sexual debut. Rural sixth- to eighth-grade students in southern, central Florida who had PVI experience ( N = 162) completed surveys about their sexual history, substance use, PVI refusal skills, and PVI attitudes. Logistic regressions found that longer time since PVI, never trying other drugs, and better PVI refusal skills predicted higher odds of attitude-behavior conflict; thus, youth with attitude-behavior conflicts have fewer predictors of sexual health risk than those without attitude-behaviors conflicts. Those without attitude-behaviors conflicts likely need more focused and intensive interventions.

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Michaels, Stuart, and Brigitte Lhomond. "Conceptualization and measurement of homosexuality in sex surveys: a critical review." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 22, no. 7 (July 2006): 1365–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2006000700002.

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This article reviews major national population sex surveys that have asked questions about homosexuality focusing on conceptual and methodological issues, including the definitions of sex, the measured aspects of homosexuality, sampling and interviewing technique, and questionnaire design. Reported rates of major measures of same-sex attraction, behavior, partners, and sexual identity from surveys are also presented and compared. The study of homosexuality in surveys has been shaped by the research traditions and questions ranging from sexology to the epidemiology of HIV/AIDS. Sexual behavior has been a central topic at least since Kinsey. Issues of sexual attraction and/or orientation and sexual identity have emerged more recently. Differences in the treatment of men and women in the design and analysis of surveys as well as in the reported rates in different surveys, in different countries and time periods are also presented and discussed. We point out the importance of the consideration of both methodological and social change issues in assessing such differences.

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Steckenrider, Janie. "SEXUAL ACTIVITY OF OLDER ADULTS: WE’RE ASKING THE WRONG QUESTIONS." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.1920.

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Abstract Sexual activity of older adults is an under researched area as most surveys on sexual behavior end at age 60 reflecting the myth that older adults are not sexually active. Only recently has survey data asked specifically about sexual activity of those ages 60 to 95. Their consensus is over half of males and a third of females over 70 are sexually active. Most striking is the current body of research almost exclusively defines sexual activity measured as partnered sexual behaviors of intercourse, fondling, kissing, touching. Given the reality for many older adults lacking an active sex partner due to death, sexual dysfunction, or serious illness, the aim of this study was to determine if the right survey questions are being asked for older adults. Seven major surveys, underlying most current research, were analyzed regarding solitary sex (masturbation) compared to partnered sex. Results of this study found extensive questioning about aspects of partnered sex including pleasure, satisfaction, pain, relationship status, sexual functioning, anxiety, individual sexual acts, etc. compared to only two questions about masturbation, both only about frequency. The psychological and physiological benefits of sexual activity, both partnered and solo sex, are well documented and correlate with higher life satisfaction for older adults. Sexual activity needs to be redefined to also include solitary sex and this begins by asking the right questions. This study has implications for the need to bring a broader perspective in promoting a healthy sex life among older adults, defined both as partnered and solitary sex.

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Tran, Nguyen, Neal Goldstein, and Seth Welles. "Bias Adjustment Techniques Are Underutilized in HIV Sexual Risk Estimation: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 8 (August 9, 2018): 1696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15081696.

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Background: Valid measurement of determinants of HIV infection among men who have sex with men (MSM) is critical for intervention planning and resource allocation. However, sexual minority research concerning HIV risk often relies on proxy exposures of sexual behaviors such as sexual orientation and partner gender. Inferring high risk sexual behaviors (i.e., condomless anal intercourse) from these proxies inaccurately captures HIV risk, but few studies have attempted to correct for this bias. Methods: We performed a systematic review of methodological practices for estimating risk of HIV infection among MSM. Results: We identified 32 studies in which high risk sexual behavior was assessed: 82% (n = 26) measured and used sexual risk behaviors (e.g., condomless anal intercourse or sexual positioning) to assess risk of HIV infection; 9% (n = 3) used proxy measures; and 9% (n = 3) used both behavior and proxy variables. Various treatments of misclassification reported by investigators included the following: 82% (n = 26) discussed misclassification of sexual behavior as a potential limitation; however, among these studies, no attempts were made to correct misclassification; 12% (n = 4) did not report exposure misclassification, and 6% (n = 2) explicitly considered this information bias and conducted a Bayesian approach to correct for misclassification. Conclusions: Our systematic review indicates that a majority of studies engaging in collecting primary data have taken additional steps to acquire detailed information regarding sexual risk behaviors. However, reliance on population-based surveys may still lead to potentially biased estimates. Thus, bias analytic techniques are potential tools to control for any suspected biases.

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Lee, Jane, and Susan Cassels. "Immigrant Generational Differences in Social Support and Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Seattle, Washington." AIDS Education and Prevention 32, no. 4 (August 2020): 282–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/aeap.2020.32.4.282.

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Different immigrant generations may encounter distinct sexual opportunities with implications for HIV transmission. Yet, few studies have examined how immigrant generational status is associated with sexual risk behaviors among men who have sex with men (MSM). We explored relationships between immigrant generational status, social support, and sexual risk behaviors among English-speaking MSM using data from surveys conducted in Seattle, Washington, in 2014 (n = 323). We compared the sexual risk behaviors and social support of first-generation, second-generation, and third- and higher-generation MSM, and examined whether immigrant generational status and social support were associated with sexual risk behaviors using logistic regression models. Second-generation MSM reported lower friend social support than first- or third- and higher-generation MSM (p < .05). However, immigrant generational status was not associated with sexual risk behavior outcomes, even after accounting for social support. Results suggest that differences in immigration processes such as acculturation may be more predictive of risk behaviors than generational status alone.

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Дисертації з теми "Sexual behavior surveys"

Prestage, Garrett School of Sociology UNSW. "Investigating sexuality : a personal review of homosexual behaviour, identities and subcultures in social research." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Sociology, 2002. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/19353.

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This thesis investigates the relationship between identity, behaviour and desire to examine the nature of research among homosexually active men. The hypothesis is that samples of such men necessarily reflect the definitions of sexuality and homosexuality, and their interpretation, by both the researchers themselves and their research subjects, meaning that the research process itself is marked by the subjectivity of the field of sexuality. The relationship between the observer and the observed is intrinsic to research into homosexual subjectivity and the samples obtained, therefore, represent particular kinds of sexual subjects in a particular social and sexual cultural milieu. Research in this field has given pre-eminence to behaviour over identity and desire, and, as such, has usually failed to account for these differences in sexual subjectivities. To investigate this problem, I have reviewed the relevant literature both on subjectivity and on methodological approaches to research among homosexual men, and I have appraised my own ideological and personal relationships with the subject matter. I have examined the nature of the samples of homosexual men I have obtained during my work as a researcher within the Sydney gay community and reanalysed these with regard to the particular problematic I have identified. These investigations and analyses have shown that there are numerous differences within and between the various samples of homosexual men obtained, indicating that methodological frameworks can determine the nature of the samples obtained. These differences in samples also appear to reflect differences in the ways of enacting homosexual desire among the men in the studies. However, they also parallel differences in the definitions and understandings of the target population by the researchers themselves. These differences reflect differences in definition and understanding both of homosexuality and of the population of gay men, but they also represent differing patterns in the ways of being and living ?gay?, differences in sexual subjectivity. ?Gayness? and homosexuality, as concepts in research, are both the subjective basis on which the research endeavour itself is based, as well as its representational outcome.

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Hawkins, Alishea R. "Women's self-reports on sensitive topics : impact of context." Virtual Press, 2005. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1318615.

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Since Kinsey and his colleagues (Kinsey, Pomeroy, Martin, & Gebhard, 1948; 1953) first began to empirically examine human sexual behavior researchers have found that heterosexual men tend to report having had more sexual partners than heterosexual women. The purpose of the present study was to explore this phenomena using a within subject design. Participants were 124 undergraduate women who completed a packet of surveys on sensitive topics, such as sexuality, and body image, in two conditions: Anonymity Threat Condition: Participants were led to believe that the principle investigator would come in a view their responses while completing the surveys and Bogus Pipeline: Participants were led to believe that they were `hooked-up' to a lie detector. Results found within as well as between subject effects for measures of social desirability and one sexual attitude measure. However, these results did not generalize to the body image measures or sexual behavior questions.
Department of Psychological Science

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Wildschut, Alvino Vernal. "The construction of young musculine sexualities in rural Western Cape /." Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1312.

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Fitzwilson, Mary Ann. "Innocents lost : university sex surveys in the 1920s and the battle for sexual moral authority /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3074402.

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Ramrakha, Sandhya, and n/a. "The link between mental health problems and sexual risk taking in a general population sample." University of Otago. Dunedin School of Medicine, 2009. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20090527.155127.

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This thesis examined whether mental health problems and sexual risk taking were associated in a general population sample and if so, the extent and direction of this association. The thesis begins with a review of theories of risk taking; sexual risk and mental health correlates; and the existing studies linking mental health and sexual risk taking. Three empirical studies were conducted. Study One produced new evidence that a range of psychiatric disorders were linked to early sex (<16 years), risky sex (multiple partners and inconsistent condom use in the past year at age 21) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) by the age of 21 years. Young people who present with schizophrenia spectrum disorder were also prone to early and risky sex and STIs. Second, depression, the single most common psychiatric problem in the population, was also associated with risky sex and STIs. The risk increased with comorbid psychiatric conditions. Study Two addressed the issue of directionality, specifically examining if childhood behavioural and emotional problems and early adolescent psychiatric disorder predicted later sexual risk taking and STIs. Main findings showed that childhood antisocial behaviour increased the likelihood of risky and early sex, and that low levels of childhood anxiety increased the likelihood of later risky sex and having STIs. Involvement with delinquent peers mediated the association between childhood antisocial behaviour and risky and early sex. To a lesser degree, attachment to parents mediated the association between antisocial behaviour and early sex. These factors did not mediate the association between low levels of childhood anxiety and later sexual outcomes. No associations were found between adolescent psychiatric disorder and later sexual risk taking, with the exception of conduct disorder. However, it is important to note that by excluding the group who had early sex in order to establish temporality, other behaviours of interest exhibited by this group were also excluded. The third study examined whether sexual risk taking was associated with an increased risk of subsequent mental health problems, addressing the issue of directionality in the other direction. Main findings showed that reports of early sex, multiple sex partners and STIs elevated the risk of later substance dependence disorders. Importantly, this association persisted after controlling for �baseline� levels of psychiatric disorder. Early sex also predicted later conduct disorder, even after controlling for prior conduct disorder. In contrast, early sex, multiple sex partners and acquisition of STIs were unrelated to later diagnoses of anxiety or depression. The significant associations with multiple sex partners and STIs were also shown for incident cases of substance dependence. Moderation analyses revealed no differences between the sexes in any of the studies except in Study Three. Specifically, the association between multiple sex partners and substance dependence appeared to be stronger for males than females for up to 10 sex partners and substantially stronger for females than for males beyond ten sex partners. The final chapter in this thesis reviews the strengths and weaknesses of the studies in this thesis before considering the implications of the results for theory, research and practice.

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Jayatilaka, Y. M. C. N. B. Pantyp Ramasoota. "Use of condoms as HIV/AIDS preventive behavior among Sri Lankan adult male visitors in Thailand /." Abstract, 2008. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2551/cd414/5038011.pdf.

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Richters, Juliet. "The social construction of sexual practice setting, sexual culture, and the body in casual sex between men /." Connect to this title online, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/352.

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Okonkwo, Amaechi Dickson. "Agency or structure? : Nigerian University students' perspectives of influences on sexual risk taking." Thesis, Swansea University, 2009. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42787.

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This thesis is about influences on young people's sexual risk taking. It is situated within a complex context of young people's sustained structural/self-sexualisation, significant sexual activity, unwanted outcomes such as sexually transmitted infections (STIs), intended benefits such as pleasure, and recurrent interventionists' promotion of abstinence-until-marriage sexual norm to young people. The above conceptualization is tested with a mixed-methodology that recruited fifty-six students with a snowball sampling technique. McCracken's long-interview and Stones' empirical research brackets for structuration theory facilitated narrative data collection, which were subjected to structural-hermeneutic analysis. Respondents identified four broad influences on their dominantly heterosexual behaviour. They include external influences (mass media), internal influences (positive pre-dispositions to premarital sex), agency (purposeful sexual action), and (un)intended outcome (STI and pleasure). Respondents emphasize that influences are non-hierarchical, differentially combine, and are dependent on individuals, contexts and seasons. They also infer the Nigerian context concurrently constrain and enable their sexual conducts via three normative sexual behaviour options. These are (1) the dominant Nigerian culture promoted abstinence-until-marriage. (2) Modernity sanctioned safer-sex with contraceptives. (3) Collective/individuated preference for unprotected premarital sex, periodic abstinence and contraceptive use. Respondents admit they practise the latter, which is a hybridization of option (1) and (2) and is illustrative of the co-influence of structure and agency on action. The conclusion is drawn that sexual risk taking is influenced by young people's concurrent structural/self sexualisation and their pursuit of contextual, personal and collectively meaningfial goals. Consequently, dominant linear conceptualizations of sexual risk taking, e.g. problem behaviour, will continue to be limited in effectiveness because they neglect these complex, recursive and interrelated influences. Thus, pragmatic efforts to manage risk-prone sexualities must concurrently engage their complex structural and agential sources, governed by safer-sex promotion, a recognition of multiple influences and individuated/collective value that both society and young people attach to sex.

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Dashlooty, Ashraf. "Sexual coercion among year 11 and year 12 high school students." University of Western Australia. School of Human Movement and Exercise Science, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0079.

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Adolescence is a time of accelerated physical and sexual growth, and many students become sexually active before they finish secondary schooling. Unfortunately, many adolescents and young adults experience sexual coercion in their intimate relationships. Sexual coercion is defined broadly as verbal or physical pressure to engage in sexual activity. This study sought to examine sexual coercion experiences of Year 11-12 high school, male and female students in their peer dating and relationships. Before retrieving such information, a modified Sexual Experiences Survey (SES) questionnaire was designed. This was named the Adolescent Dating and Relationship Survey (ADRS) which, subsequently, was examined by experts in the area, and validated via a pilot study using 30 university students. Thirdly, the study administered the ADRS to 341, Year 11 and Year 12 students to examine how they responded to their sexually coercive experiences. The participants were actively engaging in relationship behaviours, with nearly 50% of the females and 70% of the males reporting a relationship with a partner of the same age. However, significantly more females dated older partners and, conversely, more male students were involved with younger partners. The female students tended to have longer relationships than the males, especially for relationships of 9 to 12 months or longer. Participants did not report sexual coercion experiences via threat or blackmail, nor were the males threatened with a weapon. The most frequently cited forms of coercion by both female and male students were: made to feel guilty, being plied with alcohol and/or other drugs, being pressured by begging and/or arguing, and being lied to. However, the female students reported being physically restrained significantly more than the males. As a group they responded to these sexually coercive acts via all forms 2 measured except the males, who did not resort to either fighting off or yelling. Talking about the experience later was the response commonly reported by the students. Further, female students responded to sexual coercion by saying either,

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Sovannary, Tuot Pimpawan Boonmongkon. "Passion, pleasure and danger : the study of sexual culture of male seasonal migrant workers in Phnom Penh, Cambodia /." Abstract, 2006. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2549/cd388/4737912.pdf.

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Книги з теми "Sexual behavior surveys"

South Dakota. Dept. of Education and Cultural Affairs. AIDS Prevention Education., ed. 1990-91 youth risk behavior survey. Pierre, SD (700 Governors Dr., Pierre 57501): South Dakota Dept. of Education & Cultural Affairs, AIDS Prevention Education, 1991.

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Luigi, Passero, and Sgariglia Cecilia, eds. Sexual risk behaviors. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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Kaye, Wellings, ed. Sexual behaviour in Britain: The National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles. London: Penguin Books, 1994.

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Baxter, Pomeroy Wardell, and Martin Clyde E, eds. Sexual behavior in the human male. Bloomington, Ind: Indiana University Press, 1998.

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Hite, Shere. The new Hite report: The revolutionary report on female sexuality updated. London: Hamlyn, 2000.

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Olmos, Rafael Xambó. L' alliberament sexual dels joves, mite o realitat: Informe psico-social. València: Institució Alfons el Magnànim, 1986.

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Laksmiwati, Ida Ayu Alit. Perubahan perilaku seks remaja Bali. Yogyakarta: Kerja sama Ford Foundation dengan Pusat Penelitian Kependudukan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, 1999.

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Attila, Bágyoni. Üzenet a férfiaknak: Tanulmány a nők szexuális életéről, melyben 5488 nő vall (14 évestől 68 évesig) szerelmeiről, szexuális örömeiről és kudarcairól, tehát a férfiakról. 3rd ed. [Budapest: Lapkiadó, 1985.

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Portillo, José. La sexualidad de los adolescentes: Conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas sexuales de los adolescentes de Montevideo, según clase social y distribución en el espacio urbano. Montevideo: Ediciones de la Banda Oriental, 1992.

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Baxter, Pomeroy Wardell, and Martin, Clyde E. (Clyde Eugene), eds. Sexual behavior in the human male. Bronx, N.Y: Ishi Press Int., 2010.

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Частини книг з теми "Sexual behavior surveys"

Tobia, Gabriel, Khushminder Chahal, and Waguih William IsHak. "Surveys of Sexual Behavior and Sexual Disorders." In The Textbook of Clinical Sexual Medicine, 25–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52539-6_3.

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Chandra, Anjani, Casey E. Copen, and William D. Mosher. "Sexual Behavior, Sexual Attraction, and Sexual Identity in the United States: Data from the 2006–2010 National Survey of Family Growth." In International Handbook on the Demography of Sexuality, 45–66. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5512-3_4.

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Featherstone, Lisa, Cassandra Byrnes, Jenny Maturi, Kiara Minto, Renée Mickelburgh, and Paige Donaghy. "Understandings of Sexual Consent Amongst Young Adults." In Palgrave Socio-Legal Studies, 41–61. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46622-9_3.

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AbstractYoung people in Australia are particularly vulnerable to sexual assault with over 40% of reported assaults occurring between the ages of 15 and 35. Despite this, there is little research exploring how young people are engaging with changing perspectives on sexual consent negotiation. Key components of consent frameworks explored in this research are the relationship between the victim and perpetrator, and behaviours of the victim and perpetrator, including the ways in which consent is communicated or sought [or not sought]. Contemporary societal perspectives on consent were explored using survey data from 379 Australians aged 18–35. Results indicate widespread acceptance of affirmative consent approaches to consent, including recognition of passive forms of non-consent communication. However, a substantial minority of participants continue to hold consent views which demonstrate a failure to recognise non-consent in certain contexts and an absence of consideration of contextual cues that may factor into a person’s capacity to give free and enthusiastic consent. This highlights the importance of effective education on consent recognition and communication amongst young people.

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Ubale, Pragati Dattatraya, and T. V. Sekher. "Risky Sexual Behaviors Among Unmarried Youth in India: Evidences from National Family Health Survey, 2019–21." In Handbook of Youth Development, 413–39. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-4969-4_24.

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Durkin, Keith F., and Ronald L. DeLong. "Internet Crimes against Children." In Encyclopedia of Cyber Behavior, 799–806. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-0315-8.ch066.

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Internet crimes against children are a contemporary social problem which has drawn a great deal of attention from the parents, educators, legislators, and law enforcement officials. This phenomenon has captured national attention in the United States with a number of media reports of this phenomenon. These crimes include child pornography offenses, as well as adults soliciting minors for sexual purposes on line. Drawing upon data from recent national surveys, the characteristics of offenses, offenders, and victims are examined. A multitude of issues related to the assessment and classification of the individuals who commit Internet crimes against children are also explored. Strategies for the prevention of this behavior and enforcement of laws protecting children online are discussed.

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Riger, Stephanie. "Gender Dilemmas in Sexual Harassment Policies and Procedures." In Transforming Psychology, 83–96. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195074666.003.0008.

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Abstract Sexual Harassment—unwanted sexually oriented behavior in a work context—is the most recent form of victimization of women, following rape and wife abuse, to be redefined from a personal to a social problem. A sizable proportion of women surveyed in a wide variety of work settings report being subject to unwanted sexual attention, sexual comments or jokes, or offensive touching as well as attempts to coerce compliance with or punish rejection of sexual advances. In 1980, the U.S. Merit Systems Protection Board conducted the first comprehensive national survey of sexual harassment among federal employees; about four out of ten of the 10,648 women surveyed reported having been the target of sexual harassment during the previous twenty-four months. Updates of this survey found that the frequency of harassment in 1988 and 1994 was almost identical to that reported earlier: 42 percent of women surveyed in 1988 and 44 percent of women in 1994 reported that they had experienced some form of unwanted and uninvited sexual attention compared to 42 percent in 1980.

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Liu, Richard T., Rachel F. L. Walsh, Ana E. Sheehan, Shayna M. Cheek, and Sarina M. Carter. "Suicidal Ideation and Behavior Among Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Youth: 1995-2017." In Pediatric Collections: LGBTQ+: Support and Care (Part 2: Health Concerns and Disparities), 84–92. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/9781610025409-suicidal.

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OBJECTIVES In this study, we determined trends in prevalence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and heterosexual youth from 1995 to 2017 using population-based surveillance data. METHODS Data were drawn from the Massachusetts Youth Risk Behavior Survey from 1995 to 2017 (unweighted N = 41 636). The annual percent change (APC) in prevalence of suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts was stratified by sexual orientation as indexed by sexual identity and sexual behavior. RESULTS Among sexual minority youth, prevalence rates declined over the entire study period for suicidal ideation (APCsexual identity = −1.25; APCsexual behavior = 1.83), plans (APCsexual identity = 1.88; APCsexual behavior = –1.95), and attempts (APCsexual identity =–2.64; APCsexual behavior = –2.47). Among heterosexual youth, prevalence rates declined from 1995 to 2007 for suicidal ideation (APCsexual identity = –6.67; APCsexual behavior = 6.77) and plans (APCsexual identity = –5.73; APCsexual behavior = –6.25). These declines in ideation and plans were steeper than those for sexual minority youth. Prevalence of suicide attempts declined across the entire Study period among heterosexual youth (APCsexual identity = –3.66; APCsexual behavior = –4.01). Prevalence of all 3 outcomes remained markedly high among sexual minority youth across the 23-year study period. CONCLUSIONS Although suicidal thoughts and behavior have generally declined among sexual minority and heterosexual youth, disparities in these outcomes persist, and their prevalence among sexual minority youth has remained consistently elevated. Prioritized screening for risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors in this vulnerable population is imperative to reduce disparities and prevalence of these outcomes.

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Carrier, Joseph, Bang Nguyen, and Sammy Su. "Sexual Relations Between Migrating Populations (Vietnamese with Mexican and Anglo) and HIV/STD Infections in Southern California." In Sexual Cultures and Migration in the Era of AIDS, 225–50. Oxford University PressOxford, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198292302.003.0013.

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Abstract This chapter explores findings from a one’year ethnosexual field investigation conducted in 1992 by the author and his Vietnamese American colleagues on the relationship between the sexual behaviours of men of Vietnamese origin with their Vietnamese, Mexican, and Anglo American sex partners and HIV/STD infections in the County of Orange, located in Southern California. It provides an excellent example of some consequences of the sexual mixing of migrating popu lations and illustrates how these findings might assist health educators formulate meaningful programmes for the prevention and control of HIV/STD infections.The chapter also presents historical ethnography on sexual behaviours in Vietnam, and surveys research findings of three limited studies of the sexual behaviours of Vietnamese Americans living in Los Angeles in 1988, in San Francisco in 1991, and in Orange County in the fall of 1992. Finally, a compari son will be made of the field research findings with the survey research findings to illustrate the limitations of survey research methodology in mapping out the sexual geography of populations like the Vietnamese where very little is known about their sexual behaviours.

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Clayton, Heather B., Richard Lowry, Carmen Ashley, Amy Wolkin, and Althea M. Grant. "Health Risk Behaviors With Synthetic Cannabinoids Versus Marijuana." In Medical Risks of Marijuana, 5–14. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/9781610022767-health.

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Data are limited on the behavioral risk correlates of synthetic cannabinoid use. The purpose of this study was to compare the behavioral risk correlates of synthetic cannabinoid use with those among marijuana users. METHODS Data from the 2015 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, a cross-sectional survey conducted in a nationally representative sample of students in grades 9 through 12 (N = 15 624), were used to examine the association between self-reported type of marijuana use (ie, never use of marijuana and synthetic cannabinoids, ever use of marijuana only, and ever use of synthetic cannabinoids) and self-report of 36 risk behaviors across 4 domains: substance use, injury/violence, mental health, and sexual health. Multivariable models were used to calculate adjusted prevalence ratios. RESULTS Students who ever used synthetic cannabinoids had a significantly greater likelihood of engaging in each of the behaviors in the substance use and sexual risk domains compared with students who ever used marijuana only. Students who ever used synthetic cannabinoids were more likely than students who ever used marijuana only to have used marijuana before age 13 years, to have used marijuana ≥1 times during the past 30 days, and to have used marijuana ≥20 times during the past 30 days. Several injury/violence behaviors were more prevalent among students who ever used synthetic cannabinoids compared with students who ever used marijuana only. CONCLUSIONS Health professionals and school-based substance use prevention programs should include strategies focused on the prevention of both synthetic cannabinoids and marijuana.

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Freeman, Michael. "Sexual deviance and the law." In Sexual Deviation, 399–451. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192625168.003.0017.

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Abstract Sexual mores vary from culture to culture, and there is an approximate correspondence between the law and the pattern of accepted behaviour. A survey of the world’s legislation on sexual deviance and methods of treating it would thus present a variegated picture. The United States of America, according to Slovenko (1965), has more laws on the subject than all of the European countries combined.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Sexual behavior surveys"

Yamano, Noriko. "The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Child Health: A Case Study in Japan." In 4th International Conference on Public Health and Well-being. iConferences (Pvt) Ltd, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32789/publichealth.2022.1005.

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This study examines the impact of COVID-19 on child and parent health and the institutes’ support for children with difficulties during the pandemic in Japan. Two surveys were implemented from October to November 2020. The “Parents and Children” survey included questions about demographic and household characteristics, the impact of COVID-19 on work and daily life, applications for financial support, relations with children and partners, and health conditions. The final sample comprised 2,582 parents with a child aged 0–18 and 1,032 children aged 9–18. The “Institutions” survey included questions about the impact of COVID-19 on services and cooperation with other related institutions. The final sample comprised 2,298 institutions responsible for education or healthcare services. The response rate was relatively high compared with similar surveys: 53.0% for maternal and child health divisions and 56.5% for child consultation centers. The parents’ and children’s survey revealed that around 90% of children felt stressed during the pandemic. The institutions’ survey revealed that child consultation centers received a greater number of inquiries about children’s sexual behavior problems and game addiction. A preventive social work approach is required to give a greater level of support to all children, even in unusual situations like the COVID-19 pandemic. Keywords: COVID-19, social work, child health

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Flinders, Brooke A., and Katelyn E. Gilb. "Teenage Pregnancy Prevention: An Observational Study." In 4th International Conference on Public Health and Well-being. iConferences (Pvt) Ltd, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32789/publichealth.2022.1002.

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The Department of Health and Human Services began administering a Teen Pregnancy Prevention (TPP) program through what is now the Office of Population Affairs in 2010 (DHHS, 2021). Via replication of approved, evidence-based programs, sexual education was administered to teens across the country with the goals of preventing teen pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections (DHHS, 2021). One funded program delivered the TPP curriculum in community-based settings across southwestern Ohio for four years, using undergraduate nursing students as facilitators. The program served 1,642 females, ages 15-19. The objectives were to gather data on baseline knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, intentions, and perceptions related to sexual health in a target population and examine trends in knowledge at 12-months post-intervention. Identical surveys were distributed at baseline and 12 months post-intervention. Survey questions from the original instruments were assigned to one of nine categories for a more focused exploration of critical topics. Teens’ perceptions of risk did not align with the risky behaviors reported. Healthcare providers must work to find ways to address feelings of invincibility in teens before other educational efforts may be effective. Implications for Nursing: Ongoing evaluation of target populations is necessary to ensure effective programming. Keywords: Teen pregnancy prevention, sexually transmitted infection, women’s health, sex education

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Bialorudzki, Maciej, Arkadiusz Nowak, Joanna Mazur, Alicja Kozakiewicz, and Zbigniew Izdebski. "Willingness to Test for HIV among the Population of Adults in Relation to their Sexual Activity and Opinions." In XIV Congresso da Sociedade Brasileira de DST - X Congresso Brasileiro de AIDS - V Congresso Latino Americano IST/HIV/AIDS. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/dst-2177-8264-202335s1019.

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Introduction: Surveys concerning sexual life were conducted in Poland five times between 1997–2017. Within that period, the proportion of respondents who declared oral and anal contacts grew significantly. The decreasing proportion of people who consider having an HIV blood test (dropped by 6% from 2011 to 2017) was alarming. Objective: To identify the main factors related to willingness to test for HIV. Methods: The data pertain to 1,746 persons aged 18–49 years, surveyed in 2017 (49.1% males, average age 31.8±9.7). Twenty socio-demographic and behavioral independent variables were considered, including sexual behaviors and related opinions. Apart from the univariate analysis, a multi-factor logistic regression model was estimated for 1,364 sexually active persons. Results: Of the total respondents, 15.8% had considered HIV screening, and 10.3% had made it. The analyzed proportion grew up to 34.0% among people who had bisexual experience and up to 48.3% in case of only homosexual contact, and up to 29.1% and 21.5% in case of anal and oral contacts, respectively. Among others, the increase in HIV screening intent was related to the growing role of sex in life, a higher number of partners, being single, preferring sex without love, understanding HIV risk, and a positive attitude towards homosexuality. In the multi-factor analysis, in order of importance, the following predictors remained in the final model (coefficient of determination [R2]=0.140): residing in a big city (odds ratio [OR]=2.52), anal contact (OR=1.72), maintaining homosexual contact only (OR=6.33), oral contact (OR=2.03), considering homosexuality as nothing wrong (OR=1.61), perception of HIV hazard (OR=1.45), and allowing sex without love (OR=1.40). Conclusion: HIV screening is still not a common practice in Poland. Stigmatization and limited access to screening centers may be the barrier, which was proven by the dominant influence of the domicile, even when adjusted for behavioral and cultural factors.

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Yi-Ling, Lin. "The Salespeople’s Reactions to Customer Sexual Harassment: A Case Study of Taiwan’s Life Insurance Industry." In 12th Women's Leadership and Empowerment Conference. Tomorrow People Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52987/wlec.2021.005.

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ABSTRACT This study explores the impacts of customer reward power, customer coercive power, perceived behavioral control and personal factors on the full-time life insurance salespeople’s intentions to report quid pro quo and hostile work environment types of customer sexual harassment. This study collects quantitative data through questionnaire surveys. 743 valid questionnaires are gathered for the analyses. The findings of this research show that quid pro quo customer sexual harassment is intolerable to the respondents, and it will not become more tolerable because of the benefits these respondents could get in the wrongful behaviors. The regression analyses then support the effects of customer reward power on the whistleblowing intentions in quid pro quo customer sexual harassment. Perceived behavioral control is found to be the most influential factor that affects the whistleblowing intentions. This is the first empirical study to test the relationships among these variables. The findings could provide some implications for the researchers, official authorities and life insurance companies. KEYWORDS: customer sexual harassment, customer reward power, customer coercive power, perceived behavioral control, life insurance salespeople

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Eleftheriou, Anastasia, Kalli Koulloufidou, Antigoni Avraam, and Kostas Kouvaris. "What Makes Sex Education Interventions Effective: Needs and Expectations?" In 16th Education and Development Conference. Tomorrow People Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52987/edc.2021.013.

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Abstract. Evidence indicates that people not only mistakenly believe they are able to recognise risky situations in their everyday lives and avoid Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), but also that they hold stereotypical beliefs about who is most likely to contract an STI. In particular, if the image of a sexual partner is not consistent with the stereotypical image of someone who is infected with an STI, the possibility that the partner could be infected may be underestimated. Digital interventions offer enormous potential for young people’s sex education. This paper focuses on designing and developing interventions that could give people the potential to engage with the world and their sexual interactions on a different layer within which they can come to better understand the ramifications of the risk taking involved in their sexual behavior, via a safer setting. But what makes an effective sex education program? As early literature evidence suggests, a two-way, interactive, secure and tailored form of education is more promising than a traditional one-way passive from of education. A survey was conducted and the collected data was analysed to further elicit the user requirements of innovative digital sex education interventions. Keywords: sex education, digital interventions, sexual health, innovation.

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Izdebski, Zbigniew, Maciej Bialorudzki, Arkadiusz Nowak, Alicja Kozakiewicz, and Joanna Mazur. "Perception of HIV Infection Risk by People Aged 18–49 Years in Poland and Selected Opinions on Internet-related Norms." In XIV Congresso da Sociedade Brasileira de DST - X Congresso Brasileiro de AIDS - V Congresso Latino Americano IST/HIV/AIDS. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/dst-2177-8264-202335s1020.

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Introduction: Cyclically repeated surveys on sexuality were initiated in Poland in 1997 by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). In 2011 and 2017, an identical proportion (13%) ignored the HIV and those who disagreed with the further statement increased by 7%. Objective: The aim of this paper was to examine the relation between opinions on acceptable and reprehensible sexual behaviors in cyberspace and perception of HIV hazard. Methods: The data pertain to 1,746 persons aged 18–49 years, surveyed in 2017 (49.1% of males, average age 31.8±9.7). The following statement was analyzed: the risk of HIV infection is so low that there is virtually nothing to be afraid of. The strength of the association with five statements was estimated with the use of logistic regression. Profiles of opinions on Internet-related norms were identified with the k-means clustering method. Results: Within the surveyed group, 66.0% disagreed with the statement that the risk of HIV is low. The relation with disagreement to publishing intimate photos of other people on the Internet appeared the strongest one (odds ratio [OR]=2.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.81–4.10, p-value [p]<0.001). Three opinion profiles were identified where the percentage of people aware of HIV threat was 49.4, 71.1 and 71.4% respectively. The first profile (24.7% of the respondents) is distinguished by acceptance of publishing sexual photos and contents on the web and generally a higher proportion of persons who do not have strong opinions on all the items under study. Conclusion: Analysis of the profile of opinions on sexual behaviors allows identifying people who recognize or ignore HIV infection risk.

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Ch, Mercer, Rebecca Geary, Clare Tanton, Soazig Clifton, Fiona Mapp, Jackie Cassell, and Pam Sonnenberg. "P4.60 How does sexual health clinic attendance relate to risk behaviour? findings from britain’s third national survey of sexual attitudes and lifestyles (NATSAL-3)." In STI and HIV World Congress Abstracts, July 9–12 2017, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2017-053264.556.

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Johnson, Julie, and Samantha Doonan. "Risk and Protective Factors Associated with Cannabis Use in Massachusetts Youth." In 2020 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.2.

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Cannabis policies are continuously evolving, over half of U.S. youth now live in a state with a form of legalized cannabis. Monitoring risk and protective factors is critical to ensure evidence-based youth prevention in this post cannabis-prohibition era. Massachusetts has enacted and implemented three forms of legalization: (1) Decriminalization (2008), (2) medical cannabis (2012), and (3) adult-use cannabis (2016). This study used state Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) data of participants in grades 9-12 from 2007-2017 (N=17,691). Logistical regression models were run to assess effects of varying cannabis policy and risk or protective behaviors on cannabis use outcomes: (1) Lifetime use; (2) Past 30-day; and (3) Past 30-day heavy use. The enactment of cannabis policies was not associated with greater odds of youth reporting Lifetime and Past 30-day cannabis use behaviors. Any adult-support [heavy use OR=0.43 (95% CI=0.37,0.50), p<.001], better grades [heavy use OR=0.25 (95% CI=0.21,0.29), p<.001], and being heterosexual [heavy use OR=0.42 (95% CI=0.34,0.51), p<.001] were associated with lower odds of all cannabis use outcomes. Multiple risk factors broadly categorized under: risky sexual behaviors, non-heterosexual orientation, weapon carrying/exposure, hopelessness and suicidality behaviors, driving behaviors, and disability were associated with greater odds of cannabis use. Sensitivity analyses showed only one risk behavior was moderate by cannabis policy enactment. Results suggest that cannabis prevention efforts should not occur in a silo, rather evidence-based models for reducing risky behaviors generally may have the largest impact. Building and supporting relationships with trusted adults for youth at higher risk should be emphasized.

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Coombe, J., J. Goller, H. Bittleston, F. Yuh Shiong Kong, H. Williams, J. Tomnay, A. Vaisey, et al. "P093 Impact of COVID-19 hard lockdown measures on sexual behaviour in Victoria, Australia: findings from a national online survey." In Abstracts for the STI & HIV World Congress, July 14–17 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2021-sti.222.

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Mercer, Catherine H., Soazig Clifton, Clare Tanton, Nigel Field, Kirsten Gravningen, Anne M. Johnson, and Pam Sonnenberg. "O07.3 Heads in the sand? sti risk perception in the british population poorly relates to sexual behaviour: findings from the third national survey of sexual attitudes and lifestyles (NATSAL-3)." In STI and HIV World Congress Abstracts, July 9–12 2017, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2017-053264.38.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Sexual behavior surveys"

Lindberg, Laura D., Zoe H. Pleasure, and Ayana Douglas-Hall. Assessing State-Level Variations in High School Students’ Sexual and Contraceptive Behavior: The 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Surveys. Guttmacher Institute, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1363/2020.32245.

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Key Points Sexual activity is a normal part of adolescent development, regardless of where young people live. ➔ There is greater variation between states in prescription method use than in condom use, suggesting that barriers to contraceptive care influence students’ method choice. ➔ High school students in Southern states tend to have higher rates of sexual activity but lower rates of contraceptive use than those in other U.S. regions. ➔ Recent patterns suggest that contraceptive use continues to be the main driver of declines in adolescent pregnancy. This report presents new state-level estimates of sexual activity and contraceptive use among high school students in the United States. The data are from the 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS), which is managed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Because the 2019 YRBSS included more states than in prior years, we are able to better identify differences across states and regions, as well as describe recent trends. In particular, we examine variations in adolescents’ sexual activity and their use of condoms and of other contraceptive methods, because of their important implications for exposure to STIs and pregnancy. The YRBSS offers a unique opportunity to examine sexual and reproductive health at the state level among high school students.

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Sierra, Ricardo, Inder J. Ruprah, and Heather Sutton. Sex, Violence, and Drugs Among Latin American and Caribbean Adolescents: Do Engaged Parents Make a Difference? Inter-American Development Bank, April 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011727.

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This paper uses data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey toinvestigate the prevalence of health risk behaviors, in particular substance use, risky sexual behavior, and violence among adolescents in 15 Latin American and Caribbean countries. Using logit regressions and meta-analysis, we find that having parents engaged in raising their children is associated with significantly reduced problem behaviors in adolescents. That said, in the Caribbean the prevalence of health risk behaviors in adolescents is higher and engaged parents is lower than in Latin America, and the correlation between engaged parenting and reduced risk behaviors is generally weaker. Nonetheless, for both subgroups of countries, engaged parents do appear to make a difference.

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Lazdane, Gunta, Dace Rezeberga, Ieva Briedite, Inara Kantane, Elizabete Pumpure, Ieva Pitkevica, Darja Mihailova, and Marta Laura Gravina. Sexual and reproductive health survey in the time of COVID-19 – Latvia, 2020. Rīga Stradiņš University, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25143/fk2/j5kxxd.

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The results of the anonymous online survey of people living in Latvia age 18 and over, using internationally (I-SHARE) and nationally validated questionnaire. Data include following variables: Selection, socio-demographics, social distancing measures, couple and family relationships, sexual behavior, access to condoms and contraceptives, access to reproductive health services, antenatal care, pregnancy and maternal and child health, abortion, sexual and gender-based violence, HIV/STI, mental health, and nutrition. (2021-02-08)

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Heslin, Kevin, and Johanna Alfier. Sexual Orientation Differences in Access to Care and Health Status, Behaviors, and Beliefs: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, National Survey of Family Growth, and National Health Interview Survey. National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.), May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:115982.

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This report demonstrates uses of three National Center for Health Statistics data systems to study differences in health by sexual orientation. Sexual orientation differences in a broad selection of health indicators were examined using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the National Survey of Family Growth, and the National Health Interview Survey.

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Agüero, Jorge M., and Verónica Frisancho. Misreporting in Sensitive Health Behaviors and Its Impact on Treatment Effects: An Application to Intimate Partner Violence. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011808.

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A growing literature seeks to identify policies that could reduce intimate partner violence. However, in the absence of reliable administrative records, this violence is often measured using self-reported data from health surveys. In this paper, an experiment is conducted comparing data from such surveys against a methodology that provides greater privacy to the respondent. Non-classical measurement error in health surveys is identified as college-educated women, but not the less educated, underreport physical and sexual violence. The paper provides a low-cost solution to correct the bias in the estimation of causal effects under non-classical measurement error in the dependent variable.

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Hicks, Jacqueline. Global Evidence on the Prevalence and Impact of Online Gender-based Violence (OGBV). Institute of Development Studies (IDS), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.140.

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This rapid review updates a previous report (Fraser and Martineau-Searle, 2018) with evidence from 2018 onwards. It finds an evidence base on online gender-based violence (OGBV) covering a wider range of countries than the previous report. Some key findings on the nature and prevalence of OGBV include: The most recent surveys show a prevalence of OGBV ranging from 16% to 58%; Men and boys also experience online abuse in high numbers, but it is less likely to be gender-based; Several studies from different countries identify Facebook as the top location for incidents of OGBV; Higher levels of online harassment and abuse are faced by people with intersecting inequality factors; According to victim-survivors, perpetrators are more likely to be unknown and acting alone, but large numbers are known to the victims. Perpetrators themselves report divergent, multifaceted and often over-lapping motivations for their actions; Analysis of underlying drivers of OGBV highlights an overarching theme of power and control, and heteronormative expectations around gender roles and sexual practice. Many authors recommend that OGBV be understood as part of a continuum of abuse where normalised behaviours, such as sexual harassment in public spaces, shade into behaviours widely recognized as criminal, such as physical assault. The societal impact of OGBV includes: Media freedom is compromised; Democracy being undermined; Economic losses resulting from lost productivity; A ‘climate of unsafety’ prevails. Evidence base: The number of surveys about self-reported experiences with online harassment has increased rapidly. The majority of the research found during the course of this rapid review came from international and domestic non-governmental organisations and think-tanks. Academic research studies were also found, including several literature reviews.

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Mark, Tami L., William N. Dowd, and Carol L. Council. Tracking the Quality of Addiction Treatment Over Time and Across States: Using the Federal Government’s “Signs” of Higher Quality. RTI Press, July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2020.rr.0040.2007.

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The objective of this study was to track trends in the signs of higher-quality addiction treatment as defined by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Addiction, and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. We analyzed the National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services from 2007 through 2017 to determine the percent of facilities having the characteristics of higher quality. We analyzed the percent by state and over time. • We found improvements between 2007 and 2017 on most measures, but performance on several measures remained low. • Most programs reported providing evidence-based behavioral therapies. • Half or fewer facilities offered medications for opioid use disorder; mental health assessments; testing for hepatitis C, HIV, and sexually transmitted diseases; self-help groups; employment assistance; and transportation assistance. • There was significant state-level variation across the measures.

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Cameroon: Peer education and youth-friendly media reduce risky sexual behavior. Population Council, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh2003.1009.

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Cameroonian researchers at the Institute of Behavioral Studies and Research (IRESCO), with support from FRONTIERS, conducted an operations research project between 2000 and 2002 to assess strategies to encourage abstinence, increase contraceptive use, and reduce sexually transmitted infection (STI) rates among sexually active youth. The intervention combined peer-education strategies with media campaigns to promote healthy behavior among youth in the Mokolo neighborhood of Yaoundé. IRESCO trained 49 peer educators aged 19–25 in reproductive health (RH) communication strategies. The team coordinated educational talks, counseling sessions, conferences, and cultural and athletic events; produced comic books and brochures; and sold French and English editions of Among Youth magazine, featuring celebrity interviews and information on RH, unwanted pregnancy, and STI transmission. IRESCO evaluated the intervention’s impact through baseline and endline surveys of 2,500 youth in Mokolo and the control site, New Bell, in Douala. This brief concludes that urban youth in Cameroon are knowledgeable about HIV/AIDS and the risks of early pregnancy, but their behavior often fails to reflect their knowledge. Peer-education programs targeting youth through one-on-one counseling, theatrical performances, youth magazines, and sporting events increases abstinence and fidelity and improves consistent and correct condom use.

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Meeting the sexual health needs of men who have sex with men in Senegal. Population Council, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv2002.1005.

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Research conducted in many countries has highlighted the vulnerability of men who have sex with men (MSM) to HIV and other STIs. Yet in Africa, they receive little attention in HIV/AIDS programming and service delivery because of widespread denial and stigmatization of homosexual behavior. In Senegal, a study conducted by researchers from the National AIDS Control Program, Cheikh Anta Diop University, and the Horizons Program has provided valuable information about the needs, behaviors, knowledge, and attitudes of MSM that has important implications for program managers and policymakers working to stem the spread of HIV/AIDS. The researchers used ethnographic and survey methods to elicit information from MSM 18 years of age or older from several neighborhoods in Dakar. As noted in this brief, the research team examined their own preconceived notions about sexuality, working through prejudices and taboos, and stressing the importance of maintaining the confidentiality of informants. All interviews were anonymous and informants were asked to provide oral informed consent. Informants received a small stipend to cover travel costs, information on STIs and HIV/AIDS, and a referral for a free medical consultation and treatment.

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Reducing HIV infection among youth: What can schools do? Key baseline findings from Mexico, South Africa, and Thailand. Population Council, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv2001.1004.

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Although many program planners see schools as a convenient location for HIV-prevention programs, there is controversy about whether school programs can ever be strong enough to go beyond improving knowledge and attitudes to increasing the adoption of safe sexual behaviors. Evaluations of school programs in Mexico, South Africa, and Thailand focus on this question: Can school HIV programs change behavior? In each country, local organizations have worked with educators on teacher training and course design to ensure high-quality school interventions. Researchers surveyed students’ knowledge, attitudes, norms, and reported behavior before the intervention, immediately after the intervention, and again several months later to measure retention of program effects. In all three sites comparable control groups are compared to the intervention group. The mean age and age ranges for the three study groups are: 16 years and 13–23 for the Mexican study group; 15 years and 8 months and ages 12–21 for the South African study group; and 20 years and ages 17–31 for the Thai study group. This report is a summary of key baseline findings from these studies.

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