Готові списки джерел за темами / Sexual and Reproductive Health Policy

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Sexual and Reproductive Health Policy"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Sexual and Reproductive Health Policy"

Kanjilal, Barun. "Young Women's Sexual and Reproductive Lives." Journal of Health Management 1, no. 1 (April 1999): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097206349900100110.

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Edouard, Lindsay. "From family planning to sexual and reproductive health: policy implications." Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care 31, no. 2 (April 1, 2005): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1783/1471189053629374.

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Borst, Robert A. J., Trynke Hoekstra, Denis Muhangi, Isis Jonker, and Maarten Olivier Kok. "Reaching rural communities through ‘Healthy Entrepreneurs’: a cross-sectional exploration of community health entrepreneurship’s role in sexual and reproductive health." Health Policy and Planning 34, no. 9 (September 17, 2019): 676–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czz091.

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Abstract The purpose of the current study was to explore the association between community health entrepreneurship and the sexual and reproductive health status of rural households in West-Uganda. We collected data using digital surveys in a cluster-randomized cross-sectional cohort study. The sample entailed 1211 household members from 25 randomly selected villages within two subcounties, of a rural West-Ugandan district. The association between five validated sexual and reproductive health outcome indicators and exposure to community health entrepreneurship was assessed using wealth-adjusted mixed-effects logistic regression models. We observed that households living in an area where community health entrepreneurs were active reported more often to use at least one modern contraceptive method [odds ratios (OR): 2.01, 95% CI: 1.30–3.10] had more knowledge of modern contraceptive methods (OR: 7.75, 95% CI: 2.81–21.34), knew more sexually transmitted infections (OR: 1.86, 95% CI: 1.14–3.05), and mentioned more symptoms of sexually transmitted infections (OR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.18–2.85). The association between exposure to community health entrepreneurship and communities’ comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS was more ambiguous (OR: 1.27, 95% CI: 0.97–1.67). To conclude, households living in areas where community health entrepreneurs were active had higher odds on using modern contraceptives and had more knowledge of modern contraceptive methods, sexually transmitted infections and symptoms of sexually transmitted infections. This study provides the first evidence supporting the role of community health entrepreneurship in providing rural communities with sexual and reproductive health care.

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Coleman, Eli. "Sexual Health and Public Policy." International Journal of Sexual Health 19, no. 3 (December 7, 2007): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j514v19n03_01.

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MURPHY, TIMOTHY F. "REPRODUCTIVE CONTROLS AND SEXUAL DESTINY." Bioethics 4, no. 2 (April 1990): 121–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8519.1990.tb00074.x.

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Pitambar Acharya, Gita Rijal. "Status of Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health in Nepal." Interdisciplinary Research in Education 6, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ire.v6i1.43426.

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Adolescence is the transitional stage (10-19 years) of physical and psychological development that occurs during the period from puberty to adulthood. Adolescent and Sexual Reproductive Health (ASRH) is a healthy condition concerning the system, function and reproductive processes owned by a teenager. ASRH had been taken as an important issue after 1994 International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD)which took it as key issue. The main objective of this article is to analyse the general status of ASRH based on the information from Nepal Demographic and health survey 2016 thematically with descriptive design. Marriage, sexual relationship, fertility, knowledge and use of family planning, maternal and child health, knowledge on abortion, physical and sexual violence in terms of ASRH. Besides, policy intervention, gaps and recommendationshave also been discussed briefly.

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Massay, Emmanuel Michael. "A review on the prevailing gaps in women’s sexual and reproductive health rights in Tanzania’s National Health Policy 2017." Jurnal Sosiologi Dialektika 16, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jsd.v16i1.2021.1-11.

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Women’s sexual and reproductive health rights (SRHR) are linked to numerous human rights; health, education, freedom from torture, protection from all forms of discrimination, and right of privacy. SRHR refers to a set of rights that every human being is entitled to, regardless of culture, race, religion, ethnicity, or disability. Women’s sexual and reproductive health rights have been taken for granted, especially in Tanzania’s health policies. However, Tanzania has several National Policies and Laws that affect women and men differently and in certain areas, they even contradict other existing laws. The prolonged poor SRHR shows the urgency of the reformation of the policies and laws. The analysis was carried out qualitatively through a reflection focused on the policy and other legal materials concerned. The study revealed that the policy does not cater enough for women’s SRHR. This study concludes that the policies are outdated and have a lot of loopholes. This has led the sexual and reproductive health system in Tanzania astray. The study concludes that the TNHP 2017 has to be reviewed and revised in order to meet the women’s SRHR and also to align it with some of the international policies and targets concerning sexual and reproductive health.

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Filippchenkova, S. I., E. A. Evstifeeva, and I. I. Stolnikova. "Constellation of risk factors of the reproductive potential of youth." SHS Web of Conferences 69 (2019): 00040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196900040.

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The concept of reproduction as a value-semantic formation, a natural biological process, a bloodrelated nature, and a psychological responsibility for preserving the genus is transforming in modern youth. Youth perceptions of life quality, demographic projections, levels of claims, degrees of satisfaction with life situations, and behavioral patterns are influenced by such psychological predictors as responsibility, reflexivity, value-semantic matrix, personal risk factors of decision making. The following issues were analyzed: sexual behavior, reproductive behavior, reproductive attitudes, reproductive function risks, attribution of responsibility, contraception, bad habits, sexually transmitted infections, caring for health in general and reproductive health in particular, needs for specialists in the field of sexual and reproductive health, demographic expectations of young people, awareness of the federal demographic policy and psychological support, social institutions aimed to preserve reproductive health, gender differences in the demographics of expectations. Attitudes of young people to sexuality and reproduction, family-marriage relations were studied. Sources of information on these issues were determined and their effectiveness was evaluated. Identification of features of the relationship between reproductive health and psychological characteristics of youth was embedded in the authors’ psychological model.

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Mayhew, S. H. "Sexual and reproductive health: challenges for priority-setting in Ghana's health reforms." Health Policy and Planning 19, suppl_1 (October 1, 2004): i50—i61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czh045.

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Noguera Vargas, Claudia Milena. "Imágenes de la mujer en la Política Nacional de Salud Sexual y Reproductiva de Colombia, 2003 – 2006." La Manzana de la Discordia 7, no. 1 (March 18, 2016): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/lamanzanadeladiscordia.v7i1.1574.

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Resumen: En las instituciones, leyes y políticasen las sociedades occidentales, las figuras institucionalizadasde la madre y del padre van ligadasa la subordinación sociocultural de la mujer, demodo que la relación jerárquica aparece vinculadaa la reproducción. La Política de Salud Sexual yReproductiva de Colombia, 2003-2006, basada enesta asociación imaginaria entre la mujer y la madre,si bien en principio busca contribuir al cambiodel estatuto de las mujeres en el país, choca contrala barrera simbólica que impide comprender yatender las problemáticas que afectan a las mujeresen tanto que tales, y no únicamente como madres yprotectoras de las futuras generaciones. Este trabajose propone contribuir a hacer visibles estas barrerasanalizando el origen de dichos imaginariosy centrando la discusión en las problemáticas queafectan a las mujeres en tanto que sujetos de derechosy no solamente en tanto que progenitoras.Palabras clave: diferencia sexual, imaginarios dela mujer, salud sexual y reproductiva, políticas públicas.Images of Women in the Sexual and ReproductiveHealth Public Policy in Colombia, 2003-2006Abstract: In institutions, laws and policy inWestern societies, the institutionalized figures of themother and the father are linked to women’s socioculturalsubordination, so that the hierarchical relationis linked to reproduction. Colombia’s Sexualand Reproductive Health Policy, 2003-2006, basedon the imaginary association between woman andthe mother, although seeking in principle to contributeto changes in women’s status, clashes againstthe symbolic barrier that prevents understandingof and attention to women’s problems, tending toview them only as mothers and caregivers for futuregenerations. This paper aims to contribute to makethese barriers visible by analyzing the origin ofthese images and centering the discussion on problemsaffecting women as subjects of rights and notmerely as mothers.Key words: sexual difference, images of women,sexual and reproductive health, public policies

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Sexual and Reproductive Health Policy"

Oronje, Rose Ndakala. "Understanding the drivers of change in sexual and reproductive health policy and legislation in Kenya." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2013. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/46469/.

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The thesis explored the drivers and inhibitors of change in sexual and reproductive health (SRH) policy and legislation in Kenya. The overall purpose was to contribute to the limited knowledge on national-level debates that shape how developing countries adapt the SRH agenda, which originated from international processes. The thesis explains how and why some SRH reforms have been realised in Kenya amid contention, while others have been blocked. Guided by a synthesis conceptual framework that emphasised the central role of discursive power in decision-making, the thesis adopted a qualitative case-study design enriched with various anthropological concepts. Three case-studies (two bureaucratic, i.e. adolescent RH policy and national RH policy, and one legislative, i.e. sexual offences law) were deconstructed. Data collection involved semi-structured in-depth interviews with policy actors, observations and note-taking in meetings, and document review. Findings revealed that four influential narratives of SRH – the moral narrative, cultural narrative, medical narrative (with two variations i.e. ‘moralised' versus ‘comprehensive' medical narratives), and human rights narrative – underpinned by conflicting actor interests, mediated the interplay of actor networks, knowledge, context and institutions to determine reforms. The findings revealed that the strong entrenchment of the moral and cultural narratives in the Kenyan context (mainly public structures and institutions) was a major barrier to reforms on contested SRH issues. Even then, the hegemonic narratives were in some cases unsettled to make reforms possible. The most important factors in unsettling the hegemonic narratives to facilitate reforms included: a change in the political context that brought in new political actors supportive of reforms, the presence of knowledgeable and charismatic issue champions within political and bureaucratic institutions, the availability of compelling knowledge (scientific or lay) on an issue, sustained evidence-informed advocacy by civil society/non-governmental organisations, donor pressure, and reduced political costs (for politicians and bureaucrats) for supporting reforms. The main contribution of the thesis is three-fold. First, the thesis captures the disconnect between international SRH agreements and national-level realities, showing the need for international actors to consider national-level realities that shape decision-making. Second, its findings provide lessons for informing future SRH reform efforts in Kenya and in other sub-Saharan African countries. Third, its analysis of discursive power contributes to a major theoretical gap in health systems research in developing countries identified as lack of critical analysis of power in decision-making.

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Moore, Sarah-Ann. "Policy responses to the sexual and reproductive health of queer youth in the global south: a systematic review." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/63021.

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Concerns surrounding youth sexual and reproduction health (SRH) are deeply embedded within systems of heteronormativity and ciscentrism. Resultantly, youth SRH is filtered through a lens of heterosexual and cisgender experience, rendering invisible the SRH needs of queer youth. Importantly, a failure to recognise queer experiences of SRH has implications for normative subject positions, which enjoy stronger institutional support and constitute legitimate ways of being. As such, the failure to recognise queer youth as health care subjects within policy has far reaching consequences for their sexual and reproductive health. Within this research, a sexual and reproductive justice (SRJ) framework is adopted as a backdrop for exploring policy documents related to youth SRH within selected global South countries in Africa, Asia, and the Caribbean. The final data set comprises of 1035 policy excerpts extracted from 152 policies across these three regions. Research takes the form of a systematic review utilising a deductive framing and positioning thematic analysis. Analysis identifies framings of youth SRH and explores the subject positions assigned to queer youth in relation to these identified framings, with the understanding that the manner in which youth SRH concerns are framed and queer youth are positioned within policies provides an important foundation for the implementation of SRH-related policy. Findings demonstrate that policy responses to youth SRH are most often framed in terms of a public health approach. As a result, dominant understandings of youth SRH serve to reduce youth sexuality to notions of infections and impact, which may speak to an overreliance on biomedical and population-level health models. Themes emerging within human rights framings demonstrate a presumption that rights are equally afforded to, and freely exercised by, all individuals once legally secured, failing to engage with the creation of enabling conditions to realise these rights. Although context and culture framings were by no means exhaustive examples of SRJ, they provide an interesting insight into how such SRJ concerns might be integrated into policy. Importantly, policy responses demonstrate a general pattern hypervisibility of men who have sex with men (MSM) standing in marked contrast to the invisibility of queer youth and other adult queer populations. Within policy extracts, both youth and „MSM‟ are positioned as particularly prone to poor SRH outcomes. By virtue of their inclusion within both populations, queer youth may be considered as especially at risk for, or vulnerable to, such outcomes. Relatedly, these populations (and by extension queer youth) are positioned as in need of correction, containment, and/or protection by those occupying „gatekeeping‟ positions (e.g. health care providers). The positioning of „MSM‟ solely within the context of HIV/AIDS serves to link same-sex sexualities (and at times gender non-conformity) with harmful consequences, suggesting that the positioning of queer youth could similarly serve to conflate their SRH needs with concerns around HIV/AIDS. Many of the subject positions deployed in policies serve to deny the potential for youth and „MSM‟ agency, strength, and resilience. Thus, queer youth subjects are unlikely to be positioned as empowered, autonomous, and agentic. Across both framing and positioning themes, a number of key shortcomings were observed. For the most part, policy responses fail to acknowledge the influence of social, economic, political, and cultural forces that may serve to hinder SRH outcomes according to particular contexts and the intersection of multiple and varied social identities. By obscuring these broader contextual factors and power relations, policy responses may serve to hold individual youth responsible for poor SRH outcomes. In failing to engage with the potential for diversity within youth populations, these populations are largely homogenised. Finally, the need for the creation of an enabling environment in order to secure sexual and reproductive health is largely unacknowledged within policy responses.

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Farahani, Farideh Khalaj Abadi. "Norms, attitude and sexual conduct among female college students in Tehran : implications for reproductive health policy and research." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2008. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/682381/.

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Despite social, cultural and religious prohibitions on premarital sexual relationships in Iran, some evidence suggests that premarital heterosexual relationships and sex among young people may be increasing, but no study has been conducted which gives a comprehensive picture of perceived societal norms, attitudes, sexuality and the nature and process of heterosexual relationships among unmarried young females in Iran. This study aimed to investigate and compare the views and conduct of young female college students with perceived societal norms. The objectives included; exploring sexual norms and attitudes, assessing the social and individual factors responsible for variation in norms, attitude, and behaviour of female college students and finally exploring the process and circumstances of sexual behaviour. Complementary qualitative and survey methods were used. The qualitative research includes 4 Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and 30 In-Depth Interviews (IDIs). FGDs explored societal norms on pre-marital sexuality, while IDIs explored more personal attitudes and behaviours in greater depth. The survey was conducted in 2005-6 on a sample of 1743 female undergraduate students in four multidisciplinary universities in Tehran. A self-administered questionnaire was applied. This study revealed an ambiguity with regard to social acceptability of premarital heterosexual relationships, while sexual contact before marriage was perceived as socially proscribed. Personal attitudes were considerably more tolerant of such premarital relationships and sex than societal norms. These findings suggest that traditional norms on heterosexual relationships are eroding among young people. Within this complex attitudinal context, nearly half of unmarried women reported premarital friendships with men and more than one-fifth reported any type of sex (23%). Low self-efficacy, peers' liberal norms on virginity, older age, parents' liberal attitude and poor family relationships were predictors of ever having sexual contact. Qualitative findings showed that gender double-standards dictate restrictions for women, but permit sexual licence for men and owing to men's preference for a virgin bride, most relationships which involve sex are unlikely to result in marriage. Therefore although young people have adopted some liberal values in their premarital relationships their marriage still follows traditional and cultural values. These results have implications for programmes designed to improve young people's reproductive health in Iran.

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Lindeborg, Alicia. "Representation and its importance for women's sexual and reproductive health and rights : Does the proportion of women in national parliaments matter for the extent to which legislation and policy guarantee women's sexual and reproductive health and rights?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-432522.

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This thesis sets out to investigate if the proportion of women in the national parliament correlates with the extent to which national laws and policies guarantee women's sexual and reproductive health and rights. By conducting a cross-national comparison, this thesis contributes to the existing literature by offering an analysis of the relationship, utilizing a comprehensive measurement of states national legal and regulatory framework relating to women's sexual and reproductive health and rights. Further, it aims to offer an analysis of how the relationship appears in different regime-types, including both democratic and non- and partial democratic states. The results did not provide any support for a correlation between the proportion of women in the national parliament and the extent to which national laws and policies guarantee women's sexual and reproductive health and rights, regardless of the regime-type. While the results are inconsistent with the predictions of a correlation, this thesis is able to conclude that the concept of women's representation and how it may be connected to substantial changes in national legislation and policy is a complex relationship, worthy of further research.

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Hadi, Manizha. "An analysis of policy and social factors impacting the uptake of sexual and reproductive health services in Kabul, Afghanistan." Thesis, Durham University, 2016. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11862/.

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Research Question: What factors at individual, health service provision and system levels are influencing sexual and reproductive health (SRH) service uptake? Rationale: In many Afghan ethnic groups, girls and women face heavier risks of disease and infection than men. Their diminished economic and social status compromises their ability to select healthier life strategies and access to sexual reproductive health (SRH) services. The Afghan government estimates a high maternal mortality ratio (327/100,000 live births) in Afghanistan. However, due to inadequate reliability of data, the true maternal mortality and morbidity ratio remain unknown. A deeper understanding of the policy and social factors that impact on poor SRH service uptake would help the development of applicable and successful SRH Policy and frame applicable and appropriate approaches for sustainable SRH service uptake in Afghanistan. Method: It is a qualitative policy analysis using the ‘Broader Framework of Thinking’ by Walt and Gilson (1994) and a variety of data collection methods. Data was collected from 450 participants (Patients 223, Family members 72, Health service providers 63, Governmental staff 31, Coordinating organisation staff 17, Religious leaders 11, Health-promoters 13, Psychosocial counsellors 20) by conducting interviews, focus group discussions, participant observation, life narratives, document reviews and an audit of medical records. Findings: My results show the key factors underlying women’s poor health were a lack of knowledge about SRH, poor communication, and a lack of honour and trust both between individuals and within the health system. In addition, research findings highlighted that depression, multi-pregnancies, childbirth complications, anemia, malnutrition, sexually transmitted infections and interpersonal violence were routine for women. It clearly shows gaps within SRH Policy design and implementation and health service provision. These gaps are associated with social factors, which negatively impact on access and utilisation of proper SRH services Conclusions and Recommendations: This research analysed national reproductive health Policy (NRHP) and explored the impact of multifaceted social factors on SRH service uptake. In complex health systems recommending solutions require distinguishing between types of problems and a specific time-scale to improve SRH service uptake.

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Leiva, Rioja Zoila. "Public policies of sexual and reproductive health in Peru: the introduction of therapeutic abortion regulation into the government’s political agenda." Politai, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/91986.

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The objective of the present article is to analyze the process of introducing the regulation of therapeutic abortion into the peruvian governmental agenda, identifying the factors that came together to generate such event, the period of study being between the years 2005 to 2014. The investigation corroborates that said event was possible due to the confluence of certain political and institutional factors on the national stages, the strategy of groups in favor (pro-choice) and against (pro-life) the regulation, and international influence.
El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el proceso de ingreso de la reglamentación del aborto terapéutico en la agenda política gubernamental peruana, así como identificar los factores que confluyeron para generar dicho ingreso, siendo el periodo de estudio entre los años 2005 y 2014. La investigación corrobora que dicho ingreso fue posible gracias a la confluencia de ciertos factores políticos e institucionales del ámbito nacional, de las estrategias de los grupos a favor (pro-elección) y en contra (pro-vida) de la reglamentación, y de la influencia internacional.

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Dantas, Suellen Maria Vieira. "Sexualidade, reprodução e relações de gênero: reflexões a partir da análise da politica nacional de saúde do homem." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5137/tde-09082017-121622/.

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Estudos sobre a relação masculinidades-saúde tem apontando para a permanência de visões essencialistas sobre o sexo e desafios no que diz respeito aos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos, assim como para a dificuldade de se incluir homens nas práticas de cuidado em saúde devido às representações sociais do masculino e ao direcionamento dos serviços para mulheres e crianças. A implantação e implementação da \"Política Nacional de Atenção Integral à Saúde do Homem\" (PNAISH) no Brasil trouxe como desafio o reconhecimento das desigualdades de gênero vivenciadas pelos homens e de suas necessidades de saúde. Nesse sentido, compõe-se como justificativa para este trabalho a necessidade de se investigar como o homem tem sido contemplado institucionalmente em relação à sexualidade e reprodução. Assim, constitui-se como corpus da pesquisa o documento-base da política, documentos vinculados à construção da PNAISH e materiais desenvolvidos a partir desta, bem como publicações relacionadas à sexualidade e reprodução de homens nas páginas \"Saúde do Homem - Ministério da Saúde\" e \"Secretaria Municipal da Saúde de São Paulo\" em rede social. Por meio da análise de conteúdo, a discussão esteve amparada pelos pressupostos dos Estudos de Gênero e pelo pensamento foucaultiano. Buscou-se a compreensão de discursos que orientam a PNAISH: à que homens esta se dirige e como a política busca direcionar ações em saúde ao tratar da sexualidade e reprodução. Observou-se que a política reflete representações sociais, apresentando muitas das diferenças e desigualdades de gênero existentes. A sexualidade em seu sentido mais amplo é pouco abordada, observando-se ênfase dada à prática e potência sexual. Ainda, apesar de esforços, não houve plena incorporação de discursos de responsabilização igualitária nas questões reprodutivas e de parentalidade, estando ainda presentes visões sobre os homens como figuras de apoio. São necessárias ações que trabalhem as resistências a maiores liberdades e igualdades sexuais e reprodutivas? A PNAISH ainda precisa de maior aproximação das necessidades, diversidade de relações e desigualdades existentes
Studies about the masculinity-health relationship have pointed to the persistence of essentialist visions about sex and challenges regarding sexual and reproductive rights, as well as the difficulty of including men in health care practices due to the social representations of the masculinity and the direction of the services for women and children. The implantation and implementation of the \"Brazilian Comprehensive Healthcare Policy for Men\" (PNAISH) in Brazil has brought as a challenge the recognition of the gender inequalities experienced by men and their health needs. In this sense, the justification for this study is the need to investigate how man has been contemplated in sexuality and reproduction institutionally. Thus, is constituted as corpus of the research, the official text of the policy, documents related to the construction of the PNAISH and materials developed from it, as well as publications related to sexuality and reproduction of men in the Facebook pages \"Health of Man - Ministry of Health\" and \"Municipal Health Department of São Paulo \". Through content analysis, the discussion was supported by the theories of Gender Studies and Foucaultian thinking. We sought the understanding of discourses that guide the PNAISH: to which men this is directed and how politics seeks to direct actions in health when dealing with sexuality and reproduction. It was observed that the policy reflects social representations, presenting many of the existing gender differences and inequalities. Sexuality in its broadest sense is not too much discussed in the documents, with an emphasis on sexual act and potency. Yet, despite efforts, there was no full incorporation of egalitarian accountability discourses on reproductive and parenting issues, and visions about men as support figures are still present. Still are needed actions that work the resistance for greater sexual and reproductive freedoms and for equality. The PNAISH still needs to approximate more to the needs, to the diversity of existing relationships and to the inequalities

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Santos, Carolina Orrico. "O processo de formulação da política pública em reprodução assistida: o Projeto de Lei Nº 517/2011, no Estado de São Paulo." Universidade Catolica de Salvador, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/123456730/286.

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A pesquisa discute o processo de formulação da política pública em reprodução humana assistida, de modo especial o Projeto de Lei nº 517/2011 e sua entrada na agenda governamental do Estado de São Paulo, no intuito de investigar o porquê, como e para que se dá o processo de formulação do “Programa de Assistência Básica em Reprodução Humana” (Projeto de Lei n º 517/2011) na agenda governamental do Estado de São Paulo. Especificamente, buscou-se ainda: identificar o problema que justifica a formulação da política de assistência em reprodução humana assistida no sistema público de saúde do Estado de São Paulo à luz do modelo teórico de política pública de Kingdon; levantar e sistematizar os documentos existentes sobre as propostas/alternativas para a assistência em reprodução humana assistida no sistema público de saúde do Estado de São Paulo; mapear os atores/participantes do processo de formulação da política pública em reprodução humana assistida na agenda governamental do Estado de São Paulo. Assim, este estudo pretende ampliar a compreensão dos direitos sociais, quais sejam: o direito à saúde e o direito sexual e reprodutivo a luz da Lei do Planejamento Familiar, a fim de que as camadas menos favorecidas economicamente possam desfrutar desses direitos, por vezes tolhidos pelo sistema econômico neoliberal e capitalista. Tais direitos auxiliam na construção de um Estado do Bem Estar Social, no qual a cidadania pode ser exercida de maneira salutar à dignidade da pessoa humana. Nesse sentido, a metodologia adotada foi de uma pesquisa qualitativa com revisão bibliográfica, análise documental e o delineamento do estudo de caso, o qual utilizou como instrumento de coleta de dados a entrevista, para buscar a percepção dos atores envolvidos no processo de formulação da política supramencionada, tendo como referencial teórico o modelo de políticas públicas de Kingdon. O caso estudado foi o Projeto de Lei nº 517/2011, que institui o “Programa de Assistência Básica em Reprodução Humana”, da Assembleia Legislativa do Estado de São Paulo. Os dados obtidos evidenciaram que, no Brasil, a política pública ora abordada é escassa, refletindo, pois, no acesso a uma classe menos favorecida. Desse modo, fica evidenciada a necessidade da participação do Estado, através das ações formuladas pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) ou pelas Parcerias Público-Privadas (PPP). Ressalta-se, entretanto, que as questões orçamentárias para a consecução das políticas de reprodução humana assistida representam empecilhos para sua implementação, devido à limitação dos recursos governamentais, haja vista que a previsão orçamentária ainda é insuficiente. Outrossim, deve-se atentar para o discurso do benefício das privatizações nas prestações dos serviços garantidos constitucionalmente à população como um todo, uma vez que a ausência de regras bem definidas pode favorecer ao desvio dos objetivos reais da referida política, não atendendo, pois, ao público ao qual se destina.
The research discusses the process of public policy-making in assisted human reproduction, particularly the Bill of Law nº 517/2011 and its entry into the government agenda of the State of São Paulo, in order to investigate why, how and who gives the process of formulating the "Basic Assistance Program in Human Reproduction" (Bill nº 517/2011) on the government agenda of the State of São Paulo. Specifically, we sought also to identify the problem that justifies the policy formulation assistance in assisted human reproduction in the public health system of the State of São Paulo the light of the theoretical model of public policy Kingdon; lift and systematize existing documents on proposals / alternatives for assistance in assisted human reproduction in the public health system of the State of São Paulo; map the actors / participants in the formulation of public policy on assisted human reproduction in the government agenda of the State of São Paulo. Thus, this study aims to broaden the understanding of social rights, namely: the right to health and the right to sexual and reproductive Light Family Planning Law, in order that the economically less privileged can enjoy these rights sometimes hampered by neoliberal and capitalist economic system. Rights which help in building a State of Social Welfare, in which citizenship can be exercised so salutary to human dignity. In this sense, the methodology adopted was a qualitative study with literature review, documentary analysis and design of the case study, which used as a tool for data collection interview to seek the perception of the actors involved in the process of policy formulation above, with the theoretical model of public policies Kingdon. The case studied was the Draft Law nº 517/2011, establishing the "Basic Assistance Program in Human Reproduction," the Legislature of the State of São Paulo. The data showed that, in Brazil, the public policy discussed herein is scarce reflecting, as the access to a class less favored. Thus, it is clear the need for the participation of the state through the actions made by the Unified Health System (SUS) or the Public-Private Partnerships (PPP). It is noteworthy, however, that the budget issues for achieving policy assisted reproduction represent impediments to its implementation due to limited government resources, given that even the budget forecast is still insufficient. Furthermore, attention should be paid to the speech of the benefit of privatization in those services constitutionally guaranteed to the population as a whole, since the absence of well-defined rules may favor the deviation of the real objectives of the policy not serving as the public for which it is intended.

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Richiello, Isabella. "Women's experience of a sexual and reproductive health chatbot." Thesis, KTH, Medieteknik och interaktionsdesign, MID, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-231819.

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Chatbots are increasing in popularity and interacting with humans via written language. Previous research has looked at chatbots within several domains, but not towards women’s general sexual and reproductive health. This offers a need to extend the small body of current research. This report aimed to do so by describing women’s experiences of a sexual and reproductive health chatbot used as a decision support tool. The chatbot was designed based on a user-centered approach, allowing women to express desired personality traits in a person when discussing the topic. This resulted in the design creation of two chatbots with two different personalities. Exploratory Wizard of Oz studies were conducted with 6 users by simulating interaction with both chatbots operated by a human. Users were followed up with a survey and interview creating insights to their experiences with each chatbot. Findings resulted in contributing to research with proposed guidelines for how to design a sexual and reproductive health chatbot.
Chatbots blir allt mer populära och interagerar med människor genom skriftligt språk. Tidigare forskning har utforskat olika användningsområden för chatbots, men kvinnors sexuella och reproduktiva hälsa har inte varit en av dessa områden. Detta skapar ett behov att expandera den nuvarande smala forskningen. Denna studie syftar till att göra det genom att beskriva kvinnors erfarenheter av en chatbot för sexuell och reproduktiv hälsa som används som ett beslutsstödsverktyg. Chatboten utformades utifrån ett användarcentrerat tillvägagångssätt, vilket tillät kvinnor att uttrycka önskade personlighetsdrag hos en person som man diskuterar ämnet med. Detta resulterade i ett design skapade av två chatbots med två olika personligheter. Wizard of Oz studier genomfördes med 6 användare genom att simulera interaktionen med båda chatbots drivna av en människa. Deltagarna följdes upp med en enkät, följt av en intervju för bättre insikt till deras erfarenhet med varje chatbot. Resultaten resulterade i att bidra till forskning med förslag på riktlinjer för hur man utformar en chatbot för sexuell och reproduktiv hälsa.

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Ellington, Renata Denise. "Sexual Health Education Policy: Influences on Implementation of Sexual Health Education Programs." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2971.

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High school youth in Grades 9-12 who are in public schools without comprehensive sexual health education (CSHED) are more likely to engage in high-risk sexual behaviors and have higher rates of HIV and sexually transmitted diseases than are their peers in schools with CSHED. The purpose of this correlational study was to explore the statistical relationship between the consistent implementation of CSHED, before and after the enactment of the Chicago Public Schools' (CPS) sexual health education policy, and the sexual risk behaviors of Chicago high school youth in Grades 9-12. The study was based on Antonovsky's salutogenic model of health and wellbeing. CPS students' sexual risk behaviors were analyzed using data obtained from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) for the years of 2007 and 2013. Logistic regression was used to estimate prevalence and odds ratios of each sexual risk behavior. The findings showed a complex pattern of and variances across the sexual risk behaviors analyzed. The prevalence of sexual behaviors among all students remained relatively stable. The prevalence estimates for students who drank alcohol or used drugs before the last sexual encounter and who were never taught about AIDS or HIV increased from 2007 to 2013. The likelihood of not using birth control pills before the last sexual intercourse encounter decreased among Black students; the likelihood that Hispanic/Latino students ever had sex, and had sex with 4 or more people in their life, decreased. The decrease of sexual risk behaviors indicates a positive influence by CSHED, while the increases indicate continuing challenges to the promotion of healthy sexual behaviors. These findings show the need for legislators and school administrators to increase support for the enactment of CSHED policy to help mitigate the sexual risk behaviors of high school youth.

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Книги з теми "Sexual and Reproductive Health Policy"

Ghana. Adolescent reproductive health policy. [Accra]: Republic of Ghana, National Population Council, 2000.

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Cook, Rebecca J. Sourcebook on reproductive and sexual health law and policy. [Toronto]: Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 1998.

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Cook, Rebecca J. Sourcebook on reproductive and sexual health law and policy. [Toronto]: Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 1998.

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Keenan, Laura. Sexual and reproductive health rights under the reproductive and child health policy: Compromising women's dignity. New Delhi: Centre for Legislative Research and Advocacy, 2010.

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National reproductive health policy and strategy: To achieve quality reproductive and sexual health for all Nigerians. Abuja, Nigeria: Federal Ministry of Health, Nigeria, 2001.

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Gans, Epner Janet E., and American Medical Association, eds. Policy compendium on reproductive health issues affecting adolescents. Chicago, IL: American Medical Association, 1996.

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Philip, Baker, and Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (Great Britain), eds. Teenage pregnancy and reproductive health. London: RCOG Press, 2007.

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(Programme), Koshish. Positive rights and sexual health: An analysis of laws and policy on sexual & reproductive health of PLHIV in India. New Delhi: India HIV/AIDS Alliance, 2013.

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Greene, Margaret E. In this generation: Sexual & reproductive health policies for a youthful world. Washington, DC: Population Action International, 2002.

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Ezeilo, Joy. Legal constraints to adolescents sexual and reproductive health rights in Nigeria. Benin City, Nigeria: Women's Health and Action Research Centre, 1999.

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Adeniyi, Olayinka, and Omolade Olomola. "Policy Issues and Challenges in Teaching Sexual and Reproductive Health to Adolescent Girls with Mental Disabilities in Nigeria: The Way Forward." In Sexual and Reproductive Health of Adolescents with Disabilities, 167–90. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7914-1_9.

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Lukera, MaryFrances. "Exploring Barriers in the Enjoyment of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights in Kenya: A Case Study of Sex Workers." In Towards Gender Equality in Law, 193–209. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98072-6_10.

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AbstractThe enjoyment of sexual and reproductive health and rights remains a daily struggle for many sex workers. The reality of laws and policies in different countries in the global north and global south and their impact on sex workers is indisputable even where they have ratified and domesticated international human rights treaties. This chapter explores the barriers in the face of state accountability that hinder the enjoyment of sexual and reproductive health and rights and exacerbates inequalities and discriminatory practices in Kenya. The chapter draws from the empirical research for a wider rights-based study on the promotion of sexual and reproductive health and rights of sex workers conducted in 2015, to expose what is framed in international human rights instruments, national laws and policies, and sex workers’ lived experiences. Information was collected through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussion and analysis of legal and policy documents.

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Goldenberg, Shira M., Ruth Morgan Thomas, Anna Forbes, and Stefan Baral. "Overview and Evidence-Based Recommendations to Address Health and Human Rights Inequities Faced by Sex Workers." In Sex Work, Health, and Human Rights, 1–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64171-9_1.

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AbstractThis volume uses community case studies and data from around the world to highlight the sustained health and social inequities that sex workers in all of their diversity experience in 2020. Guided by a balanced community–academic partnership, this volume aims to ensure that sex workers’ voices are amplified in describing both challenges and the ways forward. Collectively, the chapters describe an elevated burden of HIV, sexually transmitted infections, drug-related harms, violence and other human rights violations, and significant unmet sexual and reproductive health needs. They also demonstrate that sex workers are not passive recipients of such inequity, but rather actively resist and continue to mobilise to advocate for improved health, safety, and human rights conditions and policy changes. Evidence-based recommendations include sex work decriminalisation, ensuring accessible and sex worker-friendly services, removal of punitive policing and surveillance, community empowerment, and strengthening capacity for community engagement in research, policy, and programmes.

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Dave, Priti, Omar Ahmed Omar, and Sebastiana A. Etzo. "Ensuring the Continuity of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Family Planning Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Experiences and Lessons from the Women’s Integrated Sexual Health Program." In Health Dimensions of COVID-19 in India and Beyond, 99–127. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7385-6_6.

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AbstractOne of the main aims of the UK aid funded Women’s Integrated Sexual Health (WISH2ACTION W2A) program is to strengthen government stewardship of sexual and reproductive health/family planning (SRH/FP) services across seven countries in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. Options consultancy provides technical assistance within four work streams: 1) creation of a favorable policy and planning environment; 2) improved public sector investment; 3) national stewardship over quality improvement; and 4) establishment of accountability systems to influence and track commitments and policies. This role became even more important since the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak shifted government’s priorities to the COVID response and led to the disruption in the delivery of essential health services, threatening to undo and reverse the SRH/FP gains made to date. In this chapter, the author shares Options’ approach and experiences in engaging governments during the pandemic to ensure that access to SRH/FP remains a priority, alongside efforts to keep the routine enabling environment work on track. The author draws out wider lessons on the range of actions that can be taken at policy and systems level to protect SRH/FP during a health emergency in different country contexts, including the severity of the outbreak, socio-political environment, and health systems preparedness. The author also highlights how the pandemic can provide new policy opportunities, such as to accelerate self-care, and strengthen health systems resilience.

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Richter, Marlise, and Kholi Buthelezi. "Stigma, Denial of Health Services, and Other Human Rights Violations Faced by Sex Workers in Africa: “My Eyes Were Full of Tears Throughout Walking Towards the Clinic that I Was Referred to”." In Sex Work, Health, and Human Rights, 141–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64171-9_8.

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AbstractAn ethical and forward-looking health sector response to sex work aims to create a safe, effective, and non-judgemental space that attracts sex workers to its services. Yet, the clinical setting is often the site of human rights violations and many sex workers experience ill-treatment and abuse by healthcare providers. Research with male, female, and transgender sex workers in various African countries has documented a range of problems with healthcare provision in these settings, including: poor treatment, stigmatisation, and discrimination by healthcare workers; having to pay bribes to obtain services or treatment; being humiliated by healthcare workers; and, the breaching of confidentiality. These experiences are echoed by sex workers globally. Sex workers’ negative experiences with healthcare services result in illness and death and within the context of the AIDS epidemic act as a powerful barrier to effective HIV and STI prevention, care, and support. Conversely positive interactions with healthcare providers and health services empower sex workers, affirm sex worker dignity and agency, and support improved health outcomes and well-being. This chapter aims to explore the experiences of sex workers with healthcare systems in Africa as documented in the literature. Findings describe how negative healthcare workers’ attitudes and sexual moralism have compounded the stigma that sex workers face within communities and have led to poor health outcomes, particularly in relation to HIV and sexual and reproductive health. Key recommendations for policy and practice include implementation of comprehensive, rights-affirming health programmes designed in partnership with sex workers. These should be in tandem with structural interventions that shift away from outdated criminalized legal frameworks and implement violence prevention strategies, psycho-social support services, sex worker empowerment initiatives, and peer-led programmes.

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Grotas, Aaron, and Marissa Kent. "Sexual Dysfunction." In Sexual and Reproductive Health, 163–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94632-6_7.

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Chong, Shao Foong. "Sexual and Reproductive Health." In Disaster Medicine, 325–36. London: Springer London, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4423-6_22.

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LeComte, Jennifer M. "Sexual and Reproductive Health." In Care of Adults with Chronic Childhood Conditions, 343–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43827-6_23.

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Dembar, Alexandra, Joseph Truglio, and Barry Love. "Patients with Congenital Heart Disease." In Sexual and Reproductive Health, 197–207. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94632-6_9.

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Javier, Noelle Marie, and Rainier Patrick Soriano. "Sexual Health in the Older Adults." In Sexual and Reproductive Health, 95–127. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94632-6_4.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Sexual and Reproductive Health Policy"

Leshkova, I. V., O. V. Dolgih, and O. YU Ustinova. "IMMUNOLOGICAL DISORDERS OF THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM THAT OCCUR WHEN EXPOSED TO BENZENE, IN EMPLOYEES OF OIL-PRODUCING ENTERPRISES." In The 16th «OCCUPATION and HEALTH» Russian National Congress with International Participation (OHRNC-2021). FSBSI “IRIOH”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/978-5-6042929-2-1-2021-1-313-316.

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Abstract. Introduction. The protection of the reproductive health of the working-age population is the most important direction of State policy. In 5-15% of cases, the causes of reproductive dysfunction are immunological disorders. Benzene belongs to the group of industrial reprotoxicants, however, its effect of benzene on the reproductive system has not been sufficiently studied. Objective: to study the immunological aspects of the effect of benzene on the reproductive system. Methods. We examined 50 men exposed to benzene with reproductive disorders (26-49 years old), as well as 4 workers with normal sexual function aged 53-60 years. Spontaneous and induced changes in the cellular expression of apoptosis markers were studied. For the study, the ANNEXIN V-FITC/7-AAD kit was used for the detection of cells that have undergone apoptosis. The experiment was conducted in vitro using a biological medium (ejaculate). A factor of the chemical nature was benzene. Results. According to the results of the comparative analysis, there were no significant deviations of pathogenetic tests of immunological markers in comparison with the reference level in the spontaneous expression samples, but there was an excess of expression of the CD95 + cell death receptor (p<0.05) in 30% of the samples examined, and a decrease in the number of Annexin V-FITC+7AAD negative cells (without reaching the significance level) in samples with a load of (15%). There was a difference in the expression levels of CD95+ and CD25+ CD-reception indicators by 20% and 10% in relation to the spontaneous level (p<0.05). Representatives of the chemical group of aromatic hydrocarbons realize reprotoxicity, using the mechanism of excessive induction of the membrane signaling of the cell death receptor, accelerate the natural program of cell death by approximately 20% compared to the state of reproductive cells that were not stimulated. Conclusion. At the present stage, one of the tasks of occupational medicine is to study the effect of chemicals on the processes of reproduction, to develop new approaches to assessing the risk of their impact on the reproductive health of workers.

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Onarheim, KH, and MES Haaland. "81:oral Equity for all? A policy analysis of priority to refugees and asylum seekers’ sexual and reproductive health in Norway (2010–2019)." In Abstracts of the 13th International Society for Priorities in Health Conference, Bergen, Norway, 28–30 April 2022. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2022-isph.74.

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Schwartz, Alexis. "Mobile Projects for Sexual and Reproductive Health." In ICTD '16: Eighth International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2909609.2909620.

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Astuti, Nurul Huriah, and Ony Linda. "Sexual and Reproductive Rights in Islamic Perspective and Kemuhammadiyahan." In International Conference on Social Determinants of Health. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0008370400120019.

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Wulandari, Hanny, and Dwi Ernawati. "Effect of Early Menarche on Reproductive Health: A Scoping Review." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.26.

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Background: Teenagers aged 15-19 encounter a disproportionate burden of adverse sexual and reproductive health outcomes, especially in low- and middle-income countries. The urgent ongoing efforts are needed to lead healthy, safe, and productive lives of teenage girls. This scoping review aimed to identify the association of early menarche with negative sexual and reproductive health outcomes. Subjects and Method: A scoping review method was conducted in eight stages including (1) Identification of study problems; (2) Determining priority problem and study question; (3) Determining framework; (4) Literature searching; (5) Article selection; (6) Critical appraisal; (7) Data extraction; and (8) Mapping. The search included PubMed, EBSCO, and Wiley databases. The keywords were “effect” OR “outcomes” AND “menarche” OR “menstruation” OR “menstrua” OR “menses” OR “early menarche” AND “reproductive health” OR “sexual reproducti” AND “sexual behavior” OR “sexual debut” OR “sexual partners” OR “unsafe sex” OR “unprotected sex”. The inclusion criteria were English-language and full-text articles published between 2009 and 2019. A total of 116 full text articles was obtained. After the review process, nine articles were eligible. The data were reported by the PRISMA flow chart. Results: Four articles from developing countries (Nigeria, Malawi, Philippine) and five articles from developed countries (France, United States of America, England, Australia) met the inclusion criteria with cross-sectional and cohort design studies. The existing literature showed that early menarche was associated with sexual and reproductive health (early sexual initiation, low use of contraception), sexually transmitted diseases (genital herpes, HIV), and other factors (income, education level, sexual desire). Conclusion: Early age at menarche may contribute to the increase vulnerability of girls into negative sexual and reproductive health outcomes. Quality comprehensive sexual education may improve the sexual and reproductive health and well-being of adolescents. Keywords: early menarche, reproductive health, adolescent females Correspondence: Hanny Wulandari. Universitas Aisyiyah Yogyakarta. Jl. Ringroad Barat No.63, Mlangi Nogotirto, Gamping, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55592. Email: hannywulandari11@gmail.com. Mobile: +6281249747223. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.26

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Hanna-Johnson, Melanie, Lucki Word, and Anil Aranha. "SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH KNOWLEDGE: EMPOWERING WOMEN THROUGH SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH." In The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Environmental Research and Public Health —Public Health Issues in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecerph-3-09105.

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G, Saique Deo Angelo. "PW 0138 Health rights inpreventing child ‘integrating sexual reproductive abuse’." In Safety 2018 abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprevention-2018-safety.271.

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Fernández-Santos, María Del Rocío, José Antonio Carbajal de Lara, and Gema Blázquez Abellán. "“INCLUSIVE CAMPUS, CAMPUS WITHOUT LIMITS”. SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH WORKSHOP." In 10th International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies. IATED, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2018.1516.

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Narasimhan, Manjulaa. "S10.4 Self-care interventions for sexual and reproductive health and rights." In Abstracts for the STI & HIV World Congress (Joint Meeting of the 23rd ISSTDR and 20th IUSTI), July 14–17, 2019, Vancouver, Canada. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2019-sti.52.

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Candia Medrano, Gabriela Stefanie, Eimmy Marisella Rodriguez Lopez, Mario Edison Ninaquispe Soto, Ana Nomberto Luperdi, and Eduardo Quezada Hidalgo. "Systematic Review of the Sexual Education Impact and Reproductive Health on Adolescents." In 2022 E-Health and Bioengineering Conference (EHB). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ehb55594.2022.9991460.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Sexual and Reproductive Health Policy"

Galárraga, Omar, and Jeffrey Harris. Effect of an Abrupt Change in Sexual and Reproductive Health Policy on Adolescent Birth Rates in Ecuador, 2008–2017. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w26044.

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Bruce, Judith, and Shelley Clark. Including married adolescents in adolescent reproductive health and HIV/AIDS policy. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy22.1002.

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The majority of sexually active girls aged 15–19 in developing countries are married, and married adolescent girls tend to have higher rates of HIV infection than their sexually active, unmarried peers. Married adolescent girls represent a sizable fraction of adolescents at risk and experience some of the highest rates of HIV prevalence of any group. Nonetheless, married adolescents have been marginal in adolescent HIV/AIDS policies and programs and have not been the central subjects for programs aimed at adult married women. This paper offers a partial explanation for why married adolescents have so often been overlooked, the reasons why marriage might bring elevated risk of HIV, initial analytic tools to assist policymakers in determining how to accord appropriate levels of priority to the marriage process, five brief case studies, and a menu of potential policy interventions and actions to make married adolescents an integral part of reproductive health and HIV-prevention initiatives.

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Hyrink, Tabitha, Violet Barasa, and Syed Abbas. Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR) and Maternal, Neonatal and Child Health (MNCH) in Bangladesh: Impacts of the Covid-19 Pandemic. Institute of Development Studies, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.028.

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The Covid-19 pandemic has exacerbated and drawn fresh attention to long-standing systemic weaknesses in health and economic systems. The virus – and the public health response – has wrought significant disruption on sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) and maternal, neonatal and child health (MNCH) in Bangladesh. Known negative health outcomes include increased domestic and gender-based violence, child marriage, negative mental health, and adverse child health outcomes. This scoping paper for the Covid-19 Learning, Evidence and Research Programme for Bangladesh (CLEAR) aims to inform future research and policy engagement to support response, recovery, progress, and future health system resilience for SRHR and MNCH in Bangladesh, following the Covid-19 crisis. We present what is known on disruptions and impacts, as well as evidence gaps and priority areas for future research and engagement.

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Bruce, Judith, and Shelley Clark. The implications of early marriage for HIV/AIDS policy. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy22.1000.

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This brief is based on a background paper prepared for the WHO/UNFPA/Population Council Technical Consultation on Married Adolescents, held in Geneva, Switzerland, December 9–12, 2003. The final paper is entitled “Including married adolescents in adolescent reproductive health and HIV/AIDS policy.” The consultation brought together experts from the United Nations, donors, and nongovernmental agencies to consider the evidence regarding married adolescent girls’ reproductive health, vulnerability to HIV infection, social and economic disadvantage, and rights. The relationships to major policy initiatives—including safe motherhood, HIV, adolescent sexual and reproductive health, and reproductive rights—were explored, and emerging findings from the still relatively rare programs that are directed at this population were discussed. Married adolescent girls are outside the conventionally defined research interests, policy diagnosis, and basic interventions that have underpinned adolescent reproductive health programming and many HIV/AIDS prevention activities. They are an isolated, often numerically large, and extremely vulnerable segment of the population, largely untouched by current intervention strategies. As stated in this brief, promoting later marriage, to at least age 18, and shoring up protection options within marriage may be essential means of stemming the epidemic.

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Haberland, Nicole, Erica Chong, and Hillary J. Bracken. A world apart: The disadvantage and social isolation of married adolescent girls. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy22.1010.

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This brief is based on a paper prepared for the WHO/UNFPA/Population Council Technical Consultation on Married Adolescents, held in Geneva, Switzerland, December 9–12, 2003. The consultation brought together experts from the United Nations, donors, and nongovernmental agencies to consider the evidence regarding married adolescent girls’ reproductive health, vulnerability to HIV infection, social and economic disadvantage, and rights. The relationships to major policy initiatives—including safe motherhood, HIV, adolescent sexual and reproductive health, and reproductive rights—were explored, and emerging findings from the still relatively rare programs that are directed at this population were discussed. Despite the program attention and funding that have been devoted to adolescents, early marriage and married adolescents have fallen largely outside of the field’s concern. Comprising the majority of sexually active adolescent girls in developing countries, this large and vulnerable subpopulation has received neither program and policy consideration in the adolescent sexual and reproductive health field, nor special attention from reproductive health and development programs for adult women. While adolescent girls, irrespective of marital status, are vulnerable in many settings and deserve program, policy, and resource support, the purpose of this brief is to describe the distinctive and often disadvantaged situations of married girls and to propose possible future policy and program options.

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Lazdane, Gunta, Dace Rezeberga, Ieva Briedite, Elizabete Pumpure, Ieva Pitkevica, Darja Mihailova, and Marta Laura Gravina. Sexual and reproductive health in the time of COVID-19 in Latvia, qualitative research interviews and focus group discussions, 2020 (in Latvian). Rīga Stradiņš University, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25143/fk2/lxku5a.

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Qualitative research is focused on the influence of COVID-19 pandemic and restriction measures on sexual and reproductive health in Latvia. Results of the anonymous online survey (I-SHARE) of 1173 people living in Latvia age 18 and over were used as a background in finalization the interview and the focus group discussion protocols ensuring better understanding of the influencing factors. Protocols included 9 parts (0.Introduction. 1. COVID-19 general influence, 2. SRH, 3. Communication with health professionals, 4.Access to SRH services, 5.Communication with population incl. three target groups 5.1. Pregnant women, 5.2. People with suspected STIs, 5.3.Women, who require abortion, 6. HIV/COVID-19, 7. External support, 8. Conclusions and recommendations. Data include audiorecords in Latvian of: 1) 11 semi-structures interviews with policy makers including representatives from governmental and non-governmental organizations involved in sexual and reproductive health, information and health service provision. 2) 12 focus group discussions with pregnant women (1), women in postpartum period (3) and their partners (3), people living with HIV (1), health care providers involved in maternal health care and emergency health care for women (4) (2021-02-18) Subject: Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Keywords: Sexual and reproductive health, COVID-19, access to services, Latvia

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Barker, Gary, Jorge Lyra, and Benedito Medrado. The roles, responsibilities, and realities of married adolescent males and adolescent fathers: A brief literature review. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy22.1004.

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From the perspective of developing countries, we know relatively little about married adolescent males and adolescent fathers, and much of what we know is inferred from research with young women or comes from a few specific regions in the world. However, there has been a growing interest in the issue on the part of researchers, policy-makers, and program staff. This interest has coincided with increasing attention in general to men, with gender studies, and with sexual and reproductive health initiatives. Early marriage and early childbearing are much more prevalent among young women than young men, and the negative consequences are more significant among young women. Nonetheless, it is the behavior and attitudes of men, within social contexts where gender hierarchies favor men over women, that often create young women’s vulnerability. Much of the research and literature on adolescent fathers comes from Latin America, the Caribbean, North America, and Europe. This paper reviews some of the literature on young married men and young fathers, concluding with suggestions for engaging young men to promote better reproductive and sexual health and more favorable life outcomes for married adolescent women and young men.

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Huq, Aurin. Impacts of Covid-19 on SRHR and MNCH in Bangladesh. Institute of Development Studies, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/clear.2022.007.

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This research briefing summarises priority areas for future research as identified in the scoping paper "SRHR and MNCH in Bangladesh: A Scoping Review on the Impacts of the Covid-19 Pandemic" by Tabitha Hrynick, Violet Barasa and Syed Abbas from the Institute of Development Studies (IDS). The scoping paper and this briefing were commissioned for the Covid-19 Learning, Evidence and Research Programme in Bangladesh (CLEAR). CLEAR aims to build a consortium of research partners to deliver policy-relevant research and evidence for Bangladesh to support the Covid-19 response and inform preparation for future shocks. SRHR = sexual and reproductive health and rights; MNCH = maternal, neonatal and child health.

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Heise, Lori, Kristen Moore, and Nahid Toubia. Sexual coercion and reproductive health: A focus on research. Population Council, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh5.1033.

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Initiative, Integra. Integration of sexual and reproductive health and HIV services. Population Council, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh9.1006.

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