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Статті в журналах з теми "Sewage Purification Heavy metal removal"
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Verma, Lal Ji, Pramod Kumar Singh, and Saurav Ambastha. "Heavy Metal Removal from Domestic Wastewater Employing Live Eichhornia Crassipes." SAMRIDDHI : A Journal of Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology 9, no. 01 (June 25, 2017): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18090/samriddhi.v9i01.8337.
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This study uses naturally growing water hyacinth for wastewater purification system, this is an alternative technique of heavy metal remediation. These plants enhance the removal of pollutants by consuming part of them in the form of the plant nutrients. The vascular plants cultured in such treatment system perform several functions, including assimilation and storing contaminates, transporting O2 to root zone, and providing a substrate for microbial activity, canal containing floating macrophytes. This applies to municipal wastewater, in particular, where treatment units of different size can be applied at the pollution source and consumes less energy for the running. The effectiveness of wastewater purification by different plants was tested on laboratory and pilot scales. The aquatic plants system offers an environmentally friendly and cost effective technology, which have been used for removing Cadmium, Iron and Copper from wastewater. Batch experiments verified that the plants are capable of decreasing all tested indicators for water quality to levels that permit the use of purified water for irrigation, which poses serious problems in various locations throughout the country. It is shown that mixture of wastewater from in front of Gautam Budha University canal/ Greater Noida’s canal wastewater and Galgotias University sewage treatment plants. The removal efficiency of the Cadmium, Iron and Copper is 74.52%, 75.31% and 67.75% in greater Noida’s canal and 73.72%, 74.99 % and 68.37% in Galgotias University’s wastewater respectively.
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Huynh, An The, Yi-Ching Chen, and Bich Ngoc Thi Tran. "A Small-Scale Study on Removal of Heavy Metals from Contaminated Water Using Water Hyacinth." Processes 9, no. 10 (October 11, 2021): 1802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9101802.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this research was to determine whether water hyacinth can be used to remove heavy metals, such as cadmium, arsenic, lead, zinc, and copper, from industrial wastewater. Investigations of the pollution removal or prevention potential of aquatic macrophytes, such as heavy metal bio-indicators in aquatic habitats, can prove to be advanced field studies. Water hyacinth is one of the aquatic plant species that has been effectively utilized for the treatment of wastewater. It is extremely effective in removing stains, suspended solids, BOD, organic matter, and heavy metals. This research focused on the use of water hyacinth to treat wastewater from heavy metals. Water hyacinths can grow in sewage, absorbing and digesting contaminants and transforming sewage effluents into comparatively clean water in the process. As a result, the plants have the potential to be used as natural water purification systems at a fraction of the cost of a standard sewage treatment facility. The experiment was performed using healthy, young, and acclimatized water hyacinths. Containment water with a cadmium concentration of 0.5 mg/L, arsenic concentration of 0.5 mg/L, lead concentration of 2 mg/L, zinc concentration of 5 mg/L, and copper concentration of 5 mg/L was added to five different polyethylene pots with 100 g of water hyacinth in each pot. After 30 days, the removal efficiency for heavy metals (Cd, As, Pb, Zn, and Cu) reached 59–92%, and the results were within the permitted limits according to the National Technical Regulation on Industrial Wastewater in Vietnam. Based on this information, it is possible to deduce that water hyacinth can be utilized to remove cadmium, arsenic, lead, zinc, and copper from industrial wastewater effluents efficiently.
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Naz, Safina, Muhammad Akbar Anjum, Bushra Sadiq, Riaz Ahmad, Muhammad Ahsan Altaf, Mohamed A. El-Sheikh, and Awais Shakoor. "Purification of Sewage Wastewater though Sand Column Filter for Lessening of Heavy Metals Accumulation in Lettuce, Carrot, and Cauliflower." Water 14, no. 22 (November 20, 2022): 3770. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14223770.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sewage wastewater is one of the richest sources of mineral nutrients contributing toward plant growth and yield. However, the accumulation of heavy metals in the edible parts of vegetables and fruits can be dangerous to life. The current research aimed to evaluate the performance of a sand column filter for the elimination of heavy metals from sewage wastewater applied to selected vegetables. The contents of heavy metals, i.e., Pb+2, Ni+2, Cu+2, and Fe+2, were estimated to be higher in untreated sewage wastewater than in treated water. The number of leaves, fresh and dry weights of leaves, roots, and total biomass of lettuce, carrot, and cauliflower were improved due to the irrigation of unfiltered sewage wastewater compared to sewage wastewater. The curd diameter, fresh and dry weights of curd, stem fresh weight of cauliflower, and the root length and diameter of carrot increased after irrigation with the unfiltered sewage wastewater in comparison to the treated sewage wastewater. The accumulation of heavy metals, i.e., Pb+2, Ni+2, Cu+2, and Fe+2, was higher in the roots, leaves, and edible parts of the selected vegetables. In the present study, the Cd+2 and Cr+2 concentrations were not affected by the filtration process through a sand column filter. Conclusively, filtration through a sand column filter is effective for the removal of heavy metals from sewage wastewater used to irrigate agricultural land.
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Wang, Liang, Jilei Wei, Kun Fang, Chen Zhou, and Shengyang Yang. "Biochar-Based Photothermal Hydrogel for Efficient Solar Water Purification." Molecules 28, no. 3 (January 24, 2023): 1157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031157.
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The development of technology for solar interface evaporation has a significant meaning for the sustainable use of water resources in remote regions. However, establishing a solar evaporator with a high evaporation rate and favorable water treatment capabilities remains challenging. In this work, we reported a silver nanoparticle (AgNP)@carbonized cattail (CC)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite hydrogel (ACPH) membrane. Because of the successfully loaded AgNPs, which have a photothermal synergy with the CC, the ACPH-10 membrane obtained an excellent photothermal conversion performance. Additionally, the hydrophilicity of the ACPH-10 membrane ensures a sustainable water supply which is necessary for the improvement of the evaporation rate. Therefore, the ACPH-10 membrane achieves an evaporation rate of 1.66 kg m−2 h−1 and an efficiency of 88.0%, attributed to the remarkable photothermal conversion and water transmission. More importantly, the membrane exhibits superior purification ability in a variety of sewage. Pollutant removal rates in heavy metal and organic dye sewage have exceeded 99.8%. As a result, the ACPH membrane holds great promise for wastewater recovery and seawater desalination, which can aid in resolving the water crisis issue.
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Heinzmann, B. "Phosphorus recycling in sewage treatment plants with biological phosphorus removal." Water Science and Technology 52, no. 10-11 (November 1, 2005): 543–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0734.
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In this paper, phosphorus balances are calculated for the wastewater purification and sludge treatment stages for wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) applying Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal (EBPR). The possible P-recovery potential is then estimated and evaluated regarding different locations along the process of wastewater purification and sludge treatment, taking the different phosphorus bonding forms into account. Caused by the more favourable bonding forms in the excess sludge as well as possibly also in the sludge ash a recovery of the phosphorus seems especially favoured for WWTPs with EBPR. The processes available for a P recycling are named, and special regard is given to the Phostrip-process, which is a possible recycling process already tested in practice. Further R&D demand consists in basic research regarding disintegration, fermentation or acidic total digestion of excess sludge followed by phosphorus precipitation including separation of the precipitates, MAP-precipitation and separation from digested sludge and on the ability to extract phosphorus and heavy metals from sewage sludge ash. These investigations are a precondition to enable purposeful process developments. At the present state the cost of recycled phosphorus earned from wastewater, sludge and ash, respectively, are a multiple higher than the costs for raw phosphate taking into account the suitable processes. Thus, up to now no phosphorus recycling with a defrayal of costs is possible. The future importance of phosphorus recycling will depend on the market price for raw phosphate, the recycling costs and, furthermore, on the general political framework.
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Straub, Timothy M., Ian L. Pepper, and Charles P. Gerba. "Removal of PCR inhibiting substances in sewage sludge amended soil." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 5-6 (March 1, 1995): 311–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0633.
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Current methods for the detection of enteric viruses in soil involve elution of viruses from soil colloids using beef extract or other proteins. These eluates are then assayed in cell culture and observed daily for cytopathic effects (CPE). While this method is suitable for detection of enteric viruses by cell culture, these eluates contain humic acids and heavy metals that interfere with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection. Using beef extract eluates prepared from sludge amended soil, 10 different methods of eluate purification were evaluated for their ability to remove PCR inhibition and maximize sensitivity. The treatment method providing the greatest sensitivity of poliovirus detection by PCR was the combination of Sephadex G-50 and Chelex-100. Using this method 2 plaque forming units (PFU) could be detected after reverse transcription and 30 cycles of PCR. Thirty (30) cycles of seminested PCR were performed on these samples to verify nucleic acid sequences and increase sensitivity after the first 30 cycles of PCR. Using seminested PCR, sensitivity of detection using the Sephadex G-50 and Chelex-100 treatment method to 0.2 PFU. In addition to providing excellent sensitivity for viruses in sludge amended soils, this treatment method is relatively simple compared to other methods.
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Yeh, T. Y., and C. H. Wu. "Pollutant removal within hybrid constructed wetland systems in tropical regions." Water Science and Technology 59, no. 2 (January 1, 2009): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.846.
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Hybrid constructed wetlands have received tremendous interests for water quality enhancement due to insufficient sewage treatment and groundwater deterioration in Taiwan. The main objectives of this study were to investigate pollutant removal efficiencies and mechanisms within field-scale hybrid natural purification systems. The studied hybrid constructed wetland systems include an oxidation pond, two serial surface flow wetlands with a cascade in between, and a subsurface flow wetland receiving secondary treated dormitory sewage. The average SS, BOD and COD percent removal efficiency was 86.7, 86.5 and 57.8%, respectively. The ratio of BOD to COD decreased from 0.65 in the initial aerobic compartment to 0.21 in anoxic parts of the systems, indicating most biological degradable materials were decomposed in the aerobic oxidation pond and surface flow wetlands. Heavy metal removal percentages of copper and zinc were 72.9 and 68.3%, respectively. Sedimentation and plant uptake are the possible sinks for metals retention. Significant phosphorus removal was not achieved in this study. Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and ammonium decreased from 4.08 to 1.43 and 3.74 to 1.21 mg/L, respectively, while nitrate nitrogen increased from 1.91 to 3.85 mg/L within the aerobic oxidation pond and surface flow wetlands. This result demonstrated nitrification occurring within aerobic compartments. The nitrate nitrogen continued to decrease from 3.85 to 1.43 mg/L within the anoxic subsurface wetlands mainly through denitrification transformation. Total nitrogen removal was from 7.61 to 3.61 mg/L, with the percentage removal of total nitrogen around 52.6%. The primary nitrogen removal and transformation mechanisms within the studied wetland systems were nitrification within aerobic followed by denitrificaiton within anaerobic systems. The emergent macrophytes enhance aeration through oxygen transferring that attributing the higher organic matter removal and nitrification rate. The hybrid wetland systems are viable options of pollutants transformation and removal in tropical countries, while tertiary wastewater systems are too costly or unable to operate. Effluent of purified systems can comply with local surface water criteria rendering for groundwater recharge.
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Makisha, Nikolay. "Membrane bioreactors for treatment of galvanic wastewater." E3S Web of Conferences 97 (2019): 05047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199705047.
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The article speaks about the membrane methods applied for treatment of galvanic sewage. It reveals the main features and peculiarities, which determine the maintenance of various types of membranes for industrial wastewater treatment. Ultrafiltration is a method that uses a membrane to separate by size ions of heavy metals, petroleum products, macromolecules and suspended solids. Application of ceramic membranes in ultrafiltration plants allows implementing of various technological processes with resource-saving opportunities, such as treatment of galvanic workshops sewage with efficiency of 99% and entire restoration of the worked out solutions. Nanofiltration is a process of membrane filtration of wastewater, which ensures the removal of multi-charged ions from water, depending on the size. Reverse osmosis is a process that is used to desalinate the bulk of dissolved salts in wastewater of various industries. In addition, this process is used to ensure the purification of effluents from organic and inorganic compounds, suspended solids and high molecular weight compounds.
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Lakatos, Gyula, Magdolna K. Kiss, Marianna Kiss, and Péter Juhász. "Application of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in Hungary." Water Science and Technology 35, no. 5 (March 1, 1997): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0230.
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This paper presents a brief survey of the Hungarian constructed wetland types that have been established for wastewater treatment in the last thirty years, and gives an analysis of the design and performance of those reed ponds that have been constructed for the polishing of petrochemical wastewaters. Natural treatment processes are in great demand because they are protective of the environment and have low operation costs and satisfactory purification efficiency. Three major types of treatment wetlands are utilized in Hungary: free water surface system, subsurface flow system, and artificial floating meadow system. Since the 1970s, the petrochemical industry has utilized sewage treatment systems consisting of ponds of emergent and/or submerged macrophyte vegetation that operate as free water surface systems. In the wastewater treatment system of Nyirbogdány, the average COD removal efficiency is around 60%, while the reed-submerged weeds pond has an efficiency of 25%. In the reed pond of the TIFO post-treatment pond system, the total phosphorus removal averaged 40% for several years, while the nitrogen removal efficiency has not exceeded 35%. For both constructed wetlands, the nutrient stabilising and heavy metal accumulating role of the aquatic plant-periphyton complex has been quantified, and the biological water quality has been found to be typical of any other natural water bodies.
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Mustapha, Moshood Keke, and Joy Chinenye Ewulum. "Seasonal assessment, treatment and removal of heavy metal concentrations in a tropical drinking water reservoir." Ekológia (Bratislava) 35, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eko-2016-0008.
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AbstractHeavy metals are present in low concentrations in reservoirs, but seasonal anthropogenic activities usually elevate the concentrations to a level that could become a health hazard. The dry season concentrations of cadmium, copper, iron, lead, mercury, nickel and zinc were assessed from three sites for 12 weeks in Oyun reservoir, Offa, Nigeria. Triplicate surface water samples were collected and analysed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The trend in the level of concentrations in the three sites is site C > B > A, while the trend in the levels of the concentrations in the reservoir is Ni > Fe > Zn > Pb > Cd > Cu > Hg. Ni, Cd, Pb and Hg were found to be higher than the WHO guidelines for the metals in drinking water. The high concentration of these metals was from anthropogenic watershed run-off of industrial effluents, domestic sewages and agricultural materials into the reservoir coming from several human activities such as washing, bathing, fish smoking, especially in site C. The health effects of high concentration of these metals in the reservoir were highlighted. Methods for the treatment and removal of the heavy metals from the reservoir during water purification such as active carbon adsorption, coagulation-flocculation, oxidation-filtration, softening treatment and reverse osmosis process were highlighted. Other methods that could be used include phytoremediation, rhizofiltration, bisorption and bioremediation. Watershed best management practices (BMP) remains the best solution to reduce the intrusion of the heavy metals from the watershed into the reservoir.
Дисертації з теми "Sewage Purification Heavy metal removal"
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Shetty, Ameesha R. "Metal anion removal from wastewater using chitosan in a polymer enhanced diafiltration system." Link to electronic thesis, 2006. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-050406-115241/.
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Gu, Xiangyang. "Improving heavy metal bioleaching efficiency through microbiological control of inhibitory substances in anaerobically digested sludge." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2003. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/504.
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Andersson, Eva Lotta. "Analysis of Various Bioreactor Configurations for Heavy Metal Removal Using the Fungus Penicillium ochro-chloron." Digital WPI, 2000. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/814.
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Penicillium ochro-chloron (ATCC strain # 36741), a filamentous fungus with the capability for removing copper ions from aqueous solutions, was studied as a possible biological trap (biotrap) for remediation of heavy metal contaminants in industrial wastewaters. This research demonstrated that in shake flasks the fungus removed copper from surrogate wastewater with 100mg/L copper contamination by as much as 99%. These results did not translate to the bioreactor configuration of a packed bed column, as channeling occurred through the bed, shown by conductivity tracer studies. A fluidized bed configuration was studied and resulted in copper removal of 97%, with a capacity of 149 mg[Cu]/g dry weight biomass, under the conditions of 50% dissolved oxygen. For dissolved oxygen concentrations below the critical oxygen concentration for the fungus (20% saturation) there was minimal copper removal. Mixing studies in the fluidized bed reactor showed that the system was diffusion limited. Mathematical modeling using first order kinetics associated with diffusion limited reactions resulted in rate constants for Cu 2+ uptake of approximately 0.031 h -1 , which were dependent on the dissolved oxygen concentration. Modeling of the reaction with a second order kinetic equation showed that there are possibly factors regulating copper uptake besides oxygen. Electron microscopy showed that in some instances the copper removed was retained as large porous spherical extracellular precipitates. Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis has shown similar complexes to be copper phosphate precipitates (Crusberg, 1994). Removal of heavy metal contaminants from wastewater discharge is a necessity for many industries, due to environmental concerns and federal regulations. The use of a biological system for the removal and recycling of heavy metals could prove more economical than currently used physio-chemical processes.
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Chan, Lau Chi. "Bioleaching of heavy metals from anaerobically digested sewage sludge using isolated indigenous iron- and sulphur-oxidizing bacteria." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2001. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/279.
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Rappaport, Bruce D. "Availability and distribution of heavy metals from sewage sludge in the plant-soil continuum." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71177.
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An investigation was conducted using in situ lysimeters (1.5 m x 2.3 m) to determine Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn availabilities for barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and corn (Zea mays L.) grown on four sludge-amended soils. These lysimeters were constructed in Acredale silt loam (Typic Ochraqualf), Bojac loamy sand (Typic Hapludult), Davidson clay loam (Rhodie Paleudult), and Groseclose silt loam (Typic Hapludult) soils. An aerobically digested sewage sludge from a sewage system with major industrial inputs was applied at rates of 0, 42, and 84 dry Mg ha-t to the lysimeters in the poorly-drained Acredale soil. Rates of 0, 42, 84, 126, 168, and 210 dry Mg ha-1 were applied to the lysimeters in the well-drained Bojac, Davidson, and Groseclose soils.
Tissue metal concentrations were determined in 1984 and 1985 for a three crop rotation, which consisted of corn, barley, and corn on the Acredale soil. Increases in sludge-borne Ni and Zn led to increases in Ni and Zn concentrations in corn earleaf, corn grain, and barley silage. Copper concentration was increased in barley silage but not in corn grain and stover. On this poorly-drained soil, metal movement did not occur below the Ap horizon even when Cu was applied in excess of USEPA guidelines. Although there were increases in metal levels, all four metals were within the range considered normal for corn and barley growth.
Soil, corn, and barley plants were sampled in 1984 and 1985 to determine Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn availabilities for crops grown on the sludge-amended Bojac, Davidson, and Groseclose soils. Levels of DTPA-extractable Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn in the Ap horizon of these soils increased linearly with sludge rate. Corn grain and stover yields were not decreased on the Bojac, Davidson, and Groseclose soils when 4.5, 5105, 760, 43.0, 135, and 620 kg ha-1 of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn were added as a sludge-amendment. Copper and Zn applied in excess of 480 and 60 kg ha- 1 of USEPA guidelines, respectively on the Bojac, Davidson, and Groseclose soils were not phytotoxic to corn plants in 1984. Corn and barley tissue sampled for three consecutive seasons had Cr concentrations <2.8 mg kg-1.Ph. D.
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Ginige, Pushpa. "Decontamination of biosolids for land application : metals bioleaching and process impacts on the nutrient value of biosolids." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1998.
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Wilhelmi, Brendan Shane. "The removal and recovery of toxic and valuable metals from aqueous solutions by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004062.
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This project considered the use of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a biosorbent for the removal and recovery of a range of metals from contaminated waters. S. cerevisiae, as a biosorbent, has the potential to provide a cost effective, selective and highly efficient purification system. Initial studies focused on metal accumulation by an immobilized baker's S. cerevisiae biosorbent. The parameters affecting metal uptake were investigated, these included metal concentration, time and solution pH. Metal uptake was rapid. Gold and cobalt reached saturation within 5 min of contact with the biosorbent in batch reactors. Copper, zinc, nickel, cadmium and chromium reached saturation within 30 min of contact. Metal accumulation was pH dependent and was generally unaffected at a solution pH ≥ 4, and was substantially decreased at pH ≤ 2. The exception was gold which was preferentially accumulated at a solution pH of 2. The immobilized baker's yeast accumulated metals with maximum binding capacities in the order of gold > cadmium > cobalt > zinc > copper > chromium > nickel. A rapid method to assess metal recovery was developed. Bioaccumulated metal was efficiently recovered using dilute mineral acids. Copper recovery of ≥ 80 % was achieved by decreasing the solution pH of the reaction mixture to 2 with the addition of nominal quantities of HCl, H₂SO₄ or RNO₃. Adsorption-desorption over 8 cycles had no apparent adverse effect on metal uptake or recovery in batch reactors. Transmission electron microscopy showed no evidence of damage to cells used in copper adsorption-desorption investigations. Biosorption columns were investigated as bioreactors due to their application potential. The metals investigated were effectively removed from solution. At a saturation threshold, metal uptake declined rapidly. Most metals investigated were desorbed from the columns by eluting with 0.1 M HCl. Initially recoveries of copper, cobalt and cadmium were as high as 100%. Desorbed copper, zinc, cadmium, nickel and cobalt were concentrated in 10 to 15 ml of eluent, representing up to a 40 fold decrease in solution volume. Cadmium, nickel and zinc uptake increased with the second application to the columns. Initial accumulation of gold and chromium was 42.2 μmol/g and 28.6 μmol/g, however, due to the low recoveries of these two metals, a second application was not investigated. Copper was applied to a single column for 8 consecutive adsorption-desorption cycles. Uptake increased from an initial 31.3 μmol/g to 47.8 μmol/g at cycle 7. The potential for selective metal recovery was demonstrated using two biosorption columns in series. Copper was accumulated and recovered most efficiently. Zinc, cobalt and cadmium were displaced to the second column. Copper bound preferentially to zinc at a ratio of 6:1. Copper bound preferentially to cobalt at a ratio of 4:1. Cadmium was only displaced at a ratio of 2:1. The successful transfer of the bioremediation technology from the laboratory to an industrial application has yet to be realized. Bioremediation of a Plaatjiesvlei Black Mountain mine effluent, which contained copper, zinc, lead and iron, was investigated in this project. The removal of the metals was most effective at pH 4. A combined strategy of pH adjustment and bioremediation using immobilized S. cerevisiae decreased the copper concentration by 92.5%, lead was decreased by 90% and zinc was decreased by 60%. Iron was mostly precipitated from solution at pH ≥ 4. An ageing pond at the mine with conditions such as; pH, water volume and metal concentration, which were more conducive to biological treatment was subsequently identified. The investigation indicated a possible application of the biomass as a supplement to chemical remediation. The metal removal capability of a waste brewer's yeast was subsequently investigated. A yeast conditioning step increased metal uptake up to 100% and enhanced reproducibility. Metal removal from solution was rapid and pH dependent. The metals were efficiently removed from solution at pH ≥ 4. Uptake was substantially inhibited at pH ≤ 3. The waste brewer's yeast accumulated metals with maximum binding capacities in the order of copper (25.4 μmol/g) > lead (19.4 μmol/g) > iron (15.6 μmol/g) > zinc (12.5 μmol/g). No correlation between cell physiology and metal uptake was observed. Uptake of the four metals was confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis. The interference of lead, zinc and iron on copper uptake by the waste brewer's yeast, and the interference of copper on the uptake of lead, zinc and iron was investigated. Maximum copper uptake was not decreased in the presence of lead. The Bmax remained constant at approximately 25 μmol/g. The dissociation constants increased with increasing lead concentrations. Lead bioaccumulation was significantly decreased in the presence of copper. The type of inhibition was dependent on the initial copper concentrations. Zinc had a slight synergistic effect on copper uptake. The copper Bmax increased from 30.8 μmol/g in a single-ion system to 34.5 μmol/g in the presence of 200 μmol/l of zinc. Zinc uptake was severely inhibited in the presence of copper. The maximum uptake and dissociation constant values were decreased in the presence of copper, which suggested an uncompetitive inhibition. The affinity of copper was substantially higher than zinc. The presence of higher levels of copper than zinc in the yeast cells was confirmed by energy dispersive microanalysis. Copper uptake was decreased in the presence of iron, with the copper Bmax being decreased from 25.4 μmol/g in a single-ion system to 20.1 μmol/g in the presence of 200 μmol/l iron. Iron Bmax values remained constant at 16.0 μmol/g. Combined biosorption and EDXA results suggested the iron bound at a higher affinity than copper to the cell wall. Total copper removal was higher as larger quantities of copper were deposited in the cell cytoplasm. Metal removal from the Plaatjiesvlei effluent by free cell suspensions of the waste brewer's yeast was satisfactory. Copper levels were decreased by 96%, iron by 42%, lead 25% and zinc 2%. Waste brewer's yeast is a cheap source of biomass in South Africa, and could potentially provide the basis for the development of an innovative purification system for metal-contaminated waters.
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Yang, Die Daisy, and 楊蝶. "Development of polymers for electroplating waste water purification, polymer-supported reagents for organic synthesis and heterogeneouscatalysts for aerobic alcohol oxidation reactions." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39848887.
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Clements, William H. "Community responses of aquatic macroinvertebrates to heavy metals in laboratory and outdoor experimental streams." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53937.
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This research describes aquatic macroinvertebrate community responses to heavy metals (copper, zinc) in experimental streams and at metal-impacted sites in the field. Experiments employed substrate-filled trays which were colonized in the field and then transferred to laboratory or outdoor streams.
Laboratory experiments conducted over three seasons showed that acute (96 h) exposure to copper (Cu) at 15-32 μg Cu/L significantly reduced macroinvertebrate abundance and number of taxa during each season. Owing to differences in sensitivity among taxa, the percent composition of dominant groups varied between control and dosed streams. Mayflies were quite sensitive to Cu, particularly during the summer when water temperatures were higher.
Community responses to Cu and Zn in outdoor experimental streams were similar to those observed at metal-impacted sites in the field. Control streams and field reference Stations were dominated by mayflies and Tanytarsini chironomids. In contrast, treated Streams and impacted field sites were dominated by net-Spinning caddisflies (Hydropsychidae) and Orthocladiini chironomids. The similarity of these experimental results to those observed in the field suggest that macroinvertebrate community responses to heavy metals are highly predictable.
Responses of these communities to Cu were greatly influenced by water quality. Effects were more severe in New River Streams, where water hardness and alkalinity were low, compared to Clinch River Streams, where hardness and alkalinity were higher. In soft water Streams, abundance was reduced by 84% after 10 d exposure to Cu (measured concentration = 13 μg/L). In contrast, abundance was reduced by only 45% in hard water Streams after 10 d at Similar Cu levels. These results demonstrate the importance of accounting for water quality characteristics of receiving systems when establishing site-specific criteria for metals.
Chronic exposure (14 d) to sublethal levels of Cu (< 6 μg/L) increased Vulnerability of caddisflies (Hydropsyche morosa and Chimarra sp.) to predation by the Stonefly, Paragnetina fumosa. Caddisflies were also the major component of stonefly diets and were consumed Significantly more frequently in dosed Streams than controls. These results demonstrate that single Species bioassays were inadequate for predicting effects of toxicants on community level processes.Ph. D.
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Heudiard, Alban. "Surexpression de métallothionéines dans Nicotiana plumbaginifolia: impact sur l'homéostasie et la détoxication des métaux lourds." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210591.
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A des concentrations supra-optimales, les métaux lourds essentiels (comme le Cu, Zn ou Ni) ou les métaux lourds non essentiels (comme le Cd, Pb ou Hg) peuvent être toxiques. La contamination des sols et de l’eau par des métaux lourds toxiques est un problème mondial qui peut nuire à l’environnement et à la santé humaine. En particulier, le cadmium est l’un des métaux lourds les plus toxiques pour les organismes. L’utilisation de plantes pour extraire ou dégrader les polluants (dans le cas de polluants organiques) constitue une stratégie intéressante, à bas coût et respectueuse de l’environnement pour remédier au problème des sites pollués. Pour une phytoextraction des métaux lourds, les plantes doivent avoir une croissance rapide, développer des biomasses importantes et accumuler des niveaux élevés de métaux lourds dans leurs parties récoltables. En d’autres termes, elles doivent être très tolérantes et accumulatrices. Une alternative consiste à utiliser des plantes tolérantes de façon à contenir la pollution (pour réduire la biodisponibilité et limiter la dispersion dans l’environnement). Des gènes d’une banque d’ADNc synthétisée à partir d’un hyperaccumulateur Cd/Zn Thlaspi caerulescens, dont l’expression augmente la tolérance au Cd dans les cellules, ont été identifiés. Dans cette thèse de Doctorat, notre but est d’une part de contribuer à la caractérisation fonctionnelle de ces gènes et d’autre part de créer de nouveaux outils en vue d’améliorer les techniques de phytoremédiation. Nous avons sélectionné deux séquences codant pour des protéines riches en cystéines, capables de lier certains métaux lourds et d’augmenter la tolérance au cadmium :une métallothionéine de type 3 (Tc-MT3) et une métallothionéine potentielle (MRP) provenant d’un organisme contaminant de la banque d’ADNc. Nous avons générer des lignées de tabac exprimant TcMT3 ou MRP, sous le contrôle d’un promoteur fort et constitutif, CaMV35S. Les plantes MT3 et MRP ont présenté un retard de croissance par rapport aux plantes contrôles, en croissance sur milieu non contaminé. Différents tests de croissance ont été réalisés en présence d’excès de Zn, Ni ou Cu et dans des milieux modifié avec du Cd. Nous avons remarqué qu’en présence de plusieurs métaux lourds en particulier le Cu et le Cd, les plantes Tc-MT3 et MRP étaient plus tolérantes que les plantes contrôles. La tolérance au Cd était la plus augmentée dans les plantes MRP. Les plantes Tc-MT3 ou MRP semblaient avoir un besoin en métaux lourds plus grand. L’accumulation des métaux lourds dans les parties aériennes n’était pas augmentée mais la minéralomasse des plantes Tc-MT3 et MRP l’était sur sol contaminé de la Région Bruxelloise. Une analyse biochimique a confirmé un changement dans le statu rédox de ces plantes. Une tendance à un statut plus oxydant a été observée dans les milieux non contaminés. Enfin, l’induction d’une métallochaperonne (CCH) du Cu indique une diminution de la biodisponibilité de cet élément, alors que la concentration totale n’est pas altérée. Il semble donc que pour la première fois, des métallothionéines puissent entrer en compétition avec une métallochaperonne végétale. Cette compétition pour les métaux pourrait être à l’origine de l’altération du statut rédox, du retard de croissance ainsi que de la meilleure tolérance aux métaux lourds.Doctorat en Sciences
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Книги з теми "Sewage Purification Heavy metal removal"
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Beszedits, Stephen. Removal of heavy metals from wastewaters. Toronto, Ont., Canada: B. & L. Information Services, 1986.
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Hanley, Nora E. A study of metals removal in Massachusetts wastewater treatment facilities. Westborough, Mass: Dept. of Environmental Quality Engineering, Division of Water Pollution Control, Technical Services Branch, 1985.
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1949-, Lester J. N., ed. Heavy metals in wastewater and sludge treatment processes. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1987.
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Hanley, Nora E. Assessment of metals in Massachusetts municipal wastewater treatment facilities. Boston]: The Division, 1988.
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Gąsiorek, Jan. Dwustopniowe biologiczne usuwanie metali ciężkich z osadów ściekowych na przykładzie nadmiernego osadu czynnego. Poznań: Wydawn. Politechniki Poznańskiej, 2010.
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Tallman, Daniel N. Reclaiming heavy metals from wastewater using magnesium oxide. Pittsburgh, Pa: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1986.
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Franus, Małgorzata. Zastosowanie glaukonitu do usuwania śladowych ilości metali ciężkich: Application of glauconite for removal of traces heavy metals. Lublin: Politechnika Lubelska, 2010.
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Tarmohamed, Yasmin. Ontario municipal sewage treatment plants mass balance project: Report-- metals. [S.l.]: MISA Advisory Committee, 1990.
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1931-, Kramer James R., and Allen Herbert E. 1939-, eds. Metal speciation: Theory, analysis, and application. Chelsea, MI: Lewis Publishers, 1988.
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Riveros, Patricio Adolfo. Metals removal from acid mine drainage by ion exchange. Ottawa, ON: CANMET, 1995.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "Sewage Purification Heavy metal removal"
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Sreekrishnan, T. R., and R. D. Tyagi. "Metal Removal from Sewage Sludge: Bioengineering and Biotechnological Applications." In Heavy Metal Stress in Plants, 392–408. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07743-6_15.
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Sreekrishnan, T. R., and R. D. Tyagi. "Metal Removal From Sewage Sludge: Bioengineering and Biotechnological Applications." In Heavy Metal Stress in Plants, 331–47. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07745-0_15.
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Ried, M. "Heavy Metal Removal from Sewage Sludge: Practical Experiences with Acid Treatment." In Pretreatment in Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment, 327–34. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73819-7_27.
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Nayak, Sanjit. "Water purification: Removal of Heavy metals Using Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs)." In Metal-Organic Frameworks in Biomedical and Environmental Field, 239–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63380-6_7.
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Mohamed Yonues, Sara, and Abdou Saad El-Tabl. "Removal of Heavy Metals and Salmonella Pathogens from Sewage Sludge Using a Novel Chelating Agent and Its Reuse as a Fertilizer." In Heavy Metals - Recent Advances [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.109224.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The direct use of sewage as fertilizers in agriculture without proper treatment has led to substantial economic environmental and healthy ramifications. Proper treatment as well as adequate environmental management of sewage sludge is a necessity in order to eliminate the negative sequences of its utilization in the agriculture field. In this chapter, a novel organic Schiff base chelator derived from hydroxybenzylidene succinohydrazide (HBSH) has been successfully synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, 1H-NMR as well as infrared spectroscopy. The effect of sewage treated with varying concentration of the Schiff base chelator (0.8, 1.6 and 2.4 g/L) as well as the untreated sewage on the sludge solid reduction, removal of heavy metals and salmonella pathogens has been investigated. The implementation of raw as well as treated sludge on the growth as well as the heavy metal content of radish plant has been also investigated. It was observed that the treated sample showed a reduction in the total content of Zn, Ni, Cr and Cu and enhancements in the yield, stem length, leaf number and flourishing.
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Omer, Shivangi. "Heavy Metal Removal by Alginate Based Agriculture and Industrial Waste Nanocomposites." In Properties and Applications of Alginates [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98832.
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The use of biopolymers and nonliving organisms as sorbents is one of the most promising techniques because they contain several functional groups which show different affinities towards various metal ions. Alginate is naturally occurring anionic biopolymer extracted from brown algae. It also contains numerous applications in biomedical science and engineering due to its favorable properties and ease of gelatin. This chapter represents a overview based on alginate based agriculture and industrial waste nanocomposites and found that limited studies are reported for combination of alginate with industrial/agriculture waste in nanoscalic material so far, but this review study enlightening the several studies based on nanocomposite combinations of alginates and biopolymers and these biopolymers can also be derived from various agro/industrial waste by simple chemical and mechanical methods. So, we should work on the formulation of alginates agro/industrial waste nanocomposites. Preparation of alginate nanomaterials with agriculture/industrial waste constituents confirms its effectiveness in water purification. In the environment, we can control its reutilization by desorption studies. Another advantage is that it can be transform from nanoparticles to nano polymeric films and support to batch adsorption process to fixed bed column in form of large-scale application.
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Dutta, Mintu Maan, and Anushmita Charingia. "Nanotechnology-Based Nano-Biosorbents." In Handbook of Research on Emerging Developments and Environmental Impacts of Ecological Chemistry, 386–408. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1241-8.ch018.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Most countries worldwide face the problem related to clean and safe water. The major source of contamination of water bodies includes the discharges of wastes from various domestic and industrial sources (heavy metal ions, dyes, and pharmaceuticals). To overcome those problems, various water purification methods such as coagulation, flocculation, adsorption, membrane separation, biological, and electrochemical methods have been engaged. Adsorption using nano-biosorbents based on chitin, chitosan and modified chitosan, cellulose, alginate, micro algal has emerged as a better alternative for the removal of contaminants from drinking and wastewater treatment. The main advantages of these nano-biosorbents include its biodegradability and eco-friendliness, which have attracted researchers to this field.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Sewage Purification Heavy metal removal"
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Chen, Jingying, and Xianchen Song. "Study on biological method of heavy metal removal from urban sewage sludge." In 2011 International Conference on Electrical and Control Engineering (ICECE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceceng.2011.6058176.
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"Heavy Metal Removal “lead” from aqueous solution using activated sewage sludge “isotherm and kinetic study”." In 8th International conference on Research in Engineering, Science and Technology. Acavent, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/8rest.2018.11.51.
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Zhong, Zhaoping, Basheng Jin, Jixiang Lan, Changqing Dong, and Hongchang Zhou. "Experimental Study of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Incineration and Its Flue Gas Purification." In 17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2003-011.
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This paper presents experimental study of fluidized absorption process for flue gas purification of co-combustion of municipal solid waste (MSW) and coal in a circulating fluidized bed Combustor (CFBC) test rig. The test rig is composed of a CFBC, coal/MSW feeding subsystem, ash cycle subsystem and flue gas purification subsystem. In the circulating fluidized bed, section area of fluidized bed is 230mm × 230mm and the freeboard is 460mm × 395mm. The total height of the test facility is 8m; height of bed and freeboard are 1.5m and 6m respectively. The preheated air enters the bed as primary air passing through distributor and provides oxygen for combustion. Six movable tubes immerged within the bed are used in adjusting the bed temperature. The cyclone separator is fixed up at the exit of chamber. The separated ashes return to chamber through the recycling feeder for decreasing the carbon content in fly ash and promoting the combustion efficiency. The flue gas from the exit of cyclone separator enters the air preheater to preheat the cold air at first, then enters the flue gas purification facility, finally be discharged into air by induced drafted fan passing through the stack. Coal is carried to a positive pressure feeding entrance by screw feeder and enters the bed. Secondary air is injected into a sealed end feeding pipe under MSW feeder, for enhancing the mixture in furnace, providing the oxygen for combustion and preventing from MSW remaining in the feeding pipe. The material of bed is silicon sand. Fluidized absorption facility for flue gas purification in MSW incineration is mainly composed of humidification system, absorption tower, flue gas reheater, fabric filter, slurry making pool, sediment pool and measurement subsystem. The temperature of flue gas from boiler by induced draft fan reduces to 120°C when flue gas enters the humidification region, which can increase the ability of acid gas absorption and prevent the slurry evaporation. When flue gas and limestone slurry enter the absorption tower, the three-phase material of gas, liquid and solid generates intense mixing and forms bubbling layer. The acid gases in flue gas are absorbed by limestone slurry, and a large amount of dusts are collected in reaction tank. Feeding oxidation air into slurry and agitating slurry simultaneously so as to promote the inner circulation of slurry and oxygenization of calcium sulphite. Flue gas passes through undulate demister which has high efficiency and low resistance, then enters fabric filter after reheating, finally be discharged into the stack by induced draft fan. The mixture of slurry and gypsum is emitted into the sediment pool through bottom and clear liquid in sediment pool returns to slurry making pool or absorption tower. The test results are as follows: the combustion efficiency is greater than 95%, the carbon content of fly ash is lower than 8%, and the loss of slag combustion is lower than 5%. When sorbent is limestone slurry, the concentration of slurry is 1%, the circulating ratio is 3, the jet rate is 5∼15m/s. The immerged depth of bubbling pipe under the slurry is 140mm. In the fluidized absorption facility for flue gas purification of MSW incineration, the desulfurization efficiency is >90%, the de-nitrification efficiency is 20∼30%, the de-chlorination efficiency is >80%, the removal efficiency of dust, heavy metal and dioxins are >99%, >98.6% and 99.35% respectively. After passing through fluidized absorption facility for flue gas purification of MSW incineration, when the concentration of O2 is 11%, the emission concentration of every components in flue gas are: SO2 is 20∼50mg/Nm3, NOx is 130∼270 mg/Nm3, HCl is 7∼12 mg/Nm3, HF is ∼8 mg/Nm3, CO2 is7∼8%, dust is 23∼67 mg/Nm3, Cr is 0.2172 mg/Nm3, Cu is 0.0454 mg/Nm3, Pb is 0.2963 mg/Nm3, Zn is 0.2074 mg/Nm3, Fe is 2.834 mg/Nm3, As is 1.112 × 10−3 mg/Nm3, Hg is 2.38 × 10−4 mg/Nm3 and dioxins is 0.1573 ng/Nm3. These emission concentrations are all lower than the Chinese emission standards. Some of them come close to the emission standards of developed country.