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Статті в журналах з теми "Services of general social interest"
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Šišak, Ivan. "Services of general interest – the concept and its application in scientific research and spatial development." Hrvatski geografski glasnik/Croatian Geographical Bulletin 85, no. 2 (December 22, 2023): 101–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21861/hgg.2023.85.02.04.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the scientific community, the concept of services of general interest is relatively new, even though its components have been examined in various ways for several decades. The term "service of general interest" is a political and normative expression introduced by the European Union. While it is challenging to provide a precise definition, services of general interest are generally understood as service activities that public administration bodies in a specific country or region designate as activities contributing to the public welfare. In geographical research, individual elements of this concept are often analysed, such as the provision of infrastructure and services in settlements, the organization of central places, or the accessibility of services in a specific area. This paper aims to organize fundamental knowledge about services of general interest, as found in scientific and professional literature; with the intention of analysing definitions and classifications of these services, exploring the scientific interest in distinct service categories, examining the spatial organization of services, and investigating their accessibility and adaptation in response to modern social, economic, and technological changes.
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Barbu, Oana Nicoleta, and Cristian Stănilă. "Services of General Interest and Territorial Sustainability in Romania." Annals of Valahia University of Targoviste, Geographical Series 16, no. 2 (October 1, 2016): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/avutgs-2016-0006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe strengthening of social cohesion, the globalization and the opening of the market to free competition, the expanding of the public – private partnership and the sustainable development are the main questions which arise today about the future of services of general interest. The current economic and financial crisis recalls that the main role of the services of general interest lies in ensuring the social and territorial cohesion. At the same time, the crisis has a significant impact on the public sector due to the pressure on public finances and it is essential to make every effort possible in order to keep providing these services and improve their quality. The upcoming accession of Romania to the European Union requires precise criteria for guaranteeing the performance and quality of public services of general interest and, in particular, the development of network industries and the link between these elements is a prerequisite for facilitating the integration, increasing citizens welfare and achieving in a short time the community rules and standards. The role of services of general interest is the sustainable development of a territory and their contribution in maintaining the balance between environment and society, exploiting the available resources in a particular plan, fighting against social exclusion and isolation. Overall, the man has an important role, he can transform the environment, because he is considered an integral part thereof, subject only to maintaining the balance between himself and the other components of the environment; at the same time, he must accept his role as a stabilizing factor in his relationship with nature. Services of general interest in a region should positively influence the life of people in order to achieve the long-term development vision by transforming the region’s functioning of institutions. Sustainable development means recognizing that economy, environment and social welfare are interdependent namely that affecting the environment in terms of quality will sooner or later have a negative influence on economic development and the quality of life of each one of us. The human component is an essential urban mobility, and every type of public service must be carried out in a planned system in terms of territory. A responsible demographic capable of long-term strategies for rational use of resources, ensures sustainability planning. Sustainability does not imply an imposed proactive strategy. If an area has resources, a vigorous and enterprising demographic system, fair and profitable exchanges with the outside, it is sustainable, thus it can evolve without outside intervention.
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Humer, Alois. "Researching Social Services of General Interest: An Analytical Framework Derived from Underlying Policy Systems." European Spatial Research and Policy 21, no. 1 (June 6, 2014): 65–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/esrp-2014-0006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper discusses Social Services of General Interest, a political term of the European Union, which lies at the heart of the European Model of Society and Cohesion concepts. How and why is the organization and provision of services across Europe rooted in, and shaped by, the prevailing national constitutional components of social welfare and spatial planning systems? A high degree of interrelation between these two systems is confirmed and Social Services of General Interest are detected and conceptualized as a substantiation of components of both systems. In a concluding step, an analytical framework is introduced which enables us to research Social Services of General Interest from different angles for the purpose of deploying promising policy solutions.
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Gómez-Barroso, José Luis, and Raquel Marbán-Flores. "Basic financial services: A new service of general economic interest?" Journal of European Social Policy 23, no. 3 (June 28, 2013): 332–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958928712471226.
Повний текст джерела
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Grant, William, and Anne Richardson. "A psychiatric liaison service for a social services office." Psychiatric Bulletin 12, no. 11 (November 1988): 481–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.12.11.481.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Although there has been considerable interest into the amount of liaison work that general psychiatrists do with general practitioners in primary health care settings, and into the role that social workers can play in liaising with the primary health care team, less is known about the extent to which general psychiatrists have established liaison links with particular social services offices, what form the liaison takes and whether the liaison has worked satisfactorily.
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Legnaioli, Marta. "The emergence of New Economic Governance and its impact on Services of General Economic Interest." Perspectives on Federalism 7, no. 3 (December 1, 2015): 98–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pof-2015-0020.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This paper evaluates the impact of austerity measures on national social protection mechanisms and on the European Social Model. The study is based on an in-depth analysis of austerity measures adopted in Italy and Portugal and the evolution of several indicators, such as unemployment rates and the percentage of citizens at risk of poverty. The analysis demonstrates that measures adopted in the field of new economic governance have had an impact on the organization and provision of SGEIs and have affected the solidity of the national welfare state. It will be argued that in this context the promotion of a social dimension of the EU requires innovative methods for the regulation of new economic governance.
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Cruz-Cunha, Maria Manuela, Ricardo Simoes, João Varajão, and Isabel Miranda. "Information Technology Supporting Healthcare and Social Care Services." Journal of Information Technology Research 7, no. 1 (January 2014): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jitr.2014010104.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The authors are developing a pilot project for a Municipality in the North of Portugal, envisaging the definition and implementation of an e-marketplace for healthcare and social services, in order to facilitate the interaction between healthcare and social services professionals and people with special needs (or their relatives). Based on the results of a survey on user needs analysis and expectations conducted in 2011, the paper discusses the relevance and interest of such platforms and the main drivers and motivations of the population for using such services, as well as which services would motivate citizens to use the platform. The results of the study will be used to select the products and services perceived to be the most desired by the potential users. The paper thus makes three main contributions: (1) the results of the study confirm the interest and the perceived potential of such a service, from the end-users perspective; (2) the findings support the advantage of expanding this pilot project to a full scale implementation; and (3) the performed analysis improves our understanding of the relations between the characteristics of the inquired population and the perceived interest in such platforms.
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Ząbkowicz, Jerzy. "Limits to the European Commission – Managing Services of General Interests." Oeconomia Copernicana 4, no. 3 (September 30, 2013): 23–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/oec.2013.021.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Services of general interest form an essential element of the European model of society as a way to increase quality of life and to overcome social exclusion and isolation. They are also at the core of the public debate touching the central question of the role public authorities and the institutions of the European Union play in a market economy. The competencies and responsibilities conferred by the Treaty, the EU regulations and directives lay emphasis on the essential role and the wide discretion of national, regional and local authorities in defining, organizing, financing and monitoring services of general interest. The same time the EU Law provide the European Commission with a wide range of means of action to ensure the compliance of the process of organizing and financing such services according to a comprehensive regulatory regime at Community level to make them compatible with the internal market and to prevent a distortion of the competition rules. The paper indicates divergences of the points of view of public authorities and the Commission on their role, shared responsibility and powers in that process.
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Kraus, Katinka. "Building a European Community: social service provision between inclusion and economic interests." Zeitschrift für öffentliche und gemeinwirtschaftliche Unternehmen 43, no. 3 (2020): 406–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0344-9777-2020-3-406.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Inclusion and the associated provision of social services is a central fundamental right in the European Union. Social services of general interest are based on the principles of an inclusive welfare state enshrined in EU primary law. However, the European Commission tends to interpret these social services rather economically. This paper shows that the way in which these services are provided in the Member States is decisive for the categorization of an economic or non-economic activity by the European Commission. Whether social services are to be classified as being related to economic activities and, therefore, subject to the competition and internal market rules depends on their organization and structure.
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van de Gronden, Johan W. "Services of General Interest and the Concept of Undertaking: Does EU Competition Law Apply?" World Competition 41, Issue 2 (June 1, 2018): 197–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/woco2018011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The applicability of the competition rules has far-reaching consequences for the freedom of the State to organize the supply of public services. Could the specific features of particular public services justify the non-applicability of the competition rules? This contribution explores which limits to the broad concept of undertaking can be found in EU competition law. It will be argued that, apart from the two (well-known) limits related to official authority and social security schemes, a third limit emerges from the case law of the EU courts. Services provided in order to pursue specific public policy goals seem to fall outside European competition law. In contrast with economic activities, where companies supply goods or services to individual consumers, the main characteristic of the ‘public policy goal activities’ is the collective way of financing. It will be contended that the following three-prong test should be carried out for concluding that competition law does not apply to these activities: (1) the supply of the services concerned is predominately dependent on public funding (2) the objective of the public funding is to achieve a public interest goal (3) the activities concerned are closely related to this public interest goal.
Дисертації з теми "Services of general social interest"
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Wehlander, Caroline. "Who is afraid of SGEI? : services of general economic interest in EU law with a case study on social services in Swedish systems of choice." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-101242.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
For a long time confined to Article 106(2) TFEU, a provision allowing to justify regulatory measures derogating from Treaty rules by invoking their necessity in order to enable undertakings entrusted with services of general economic interest (SGEIs) to fulfil their special tasks, SGEI has become a constitutional concept of EU law. In the post-Lisbon EU Treaties it is subject to new provisions, in particular Article 14 TFEU and the Protocol on services on general interest. As a legal concept allowing to balance EU market integration and the pursuit of legitimate national policies related to public services, SGEI is also a political concept, and therefore its legal interpretation is an ultra-sensitive matter. This dissertation proposes that SGEI cannot anymore be contrived as a narrow concept of EU competition law, but must be understood as a broad public service concept encompassing both public authorities’ policy missions and undertakings’ public service obligations. This follows from an analysis of the CJEU’s understanding of the EU concept of SGEI in the frame of Hirschman’s theory on exit and voice, and thus on the double background of its own case law foreclosing exit from EU market rules for public services, and of its acknowledgement of the SGEI “voice” this has led to in the Treaties. The analysis shows that the CJEU’s bifurcation by the notions of “public service obligations” and “public service tasks”, is aimed at applying the Treaty SGEI provisions loyally without pre-empting their political use by the Union and the Member States. To shed some light on the political use of the EU concept of SGEI made by the EU legislator and the Member States in a context of Europeanisation and liberalisation, this dissertation scrutinizes also how the new EU procurement and state aid rules applying to social services relate to the Treaty principles on SGEIs, and how the Swedish systems of choice for elderly home care and education relate to the EU rules. It analyses whether these relationships, if too transparent and loyal, may constrain the process of liberalisation of social services in the Member States, and whether it can explain that an explicit characterisation of social services as SGEIs seems to be avoided in EU procurement law and in Swedish law.
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Kovaříková, Christine. "Veřejné služby v Evropské unii." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193703.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The topic of public services is a complex societal issue, which touches upon such questions which are on the border of legal and economic research and comprises various ideas of societal arrangements. The provision of public services in European societies is seen as a constitutive element of the European social model(s). This issue is experiencing a remarkable revival in academic work as well as in political discourse. The aim of this Master's Thesis is to provide an insight into the process of the Europeanization of public services. The Thesis is embarking on questions comprising the national variations of public services, the transformation of the welfare state and the European social model (or models). The common theme which is connecting the different strands of the Thesis is the idea of the crucial influence of European integration on all of these aspects, the process of which has a far-reaching influence on the role and shape of public services and thus on the future societal development in the individual Member states as well as European society as a whole.
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Sanz, Fernández Àlex. "Water and clean energy services in developing countries: Regulation and evaluation of universal service policies." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/387430.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this thesis I analyze access problems to basic services like water and energy in developing countries. The objective of the thesis is to show how to improve access to water services and clean energies in rural communities of developing countries.
In this regard, this tesis is composed by three papers. Two focused on analyzing the water sector in developing countries and one paper focused on analyzing the implementation of a program aimed to ease the substitution of wood by LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) as a cooking fuel.
In the first paper, the regulation of water provision in developing countries: coverage quality and prices, I develop a theoretical model aimed to analyze the optimal product line of a regulated utility facing competition from water vendors. The existence of water vendors forces the utility to release standpipes increasing the population with access to the service but reduces coverage. Regulation can mitigate this situation. In addition universal service policies for standpipes or the delegation of standpipes´ management to a different firm can reduce the coverage of the utility. Also, regulation can mitigate this situations.
In the second paper, Community managed water systems: the case of Peru, I make a descriptive analysis of communal organizations providing water services in rural areas of Peru. In addition, I analyze empirically which are the determinants of their presence in Peru. I show that JASS (Juntas Administradoras de Servicios de Saneamiento) are an efficient mechanism to provide water services in rural areas, but they need support. My result show that homogeneous communities, in terms of maintaining the Minka tradition of the Inca Empìre and also in linguistic terms, are more prone to create JASS.
In the third paper, LPG cook stoves in Peru: evaluation of the FISE program, I analyse the implementation of the FISE (Fondo de Inclusión Social Energético) program in Peru. I also analyze empirically its performance in terms of use of LPG stoves and its health benefits associated. In this sense, I show that discount vouchers are an efficient policy to increase the use of LPG, avoiding cross-subsidies, to increase the use of LPG stoves but this policy alone cannot reduce respiratory problems among beneficiaries. On the other hand, this policy reduces diarrhoeal problems.
The main contributions, summarized by paper were: in the first paper I analyzed a theoretical model supposing that the water utility can use two technologies to provide water and faces competition from water resellers. I analyzed how the utility uses coverage, prices and quality to increase its profits. The main contribution of the second paper has been the analysis of JASS. As far as I know this is the first paper doing so. It is interesting to remark that municipalities lower than 2.000 population have to be served by JASS, but not all municipalities have created JASS. I analyzed the determinants for the creation of JASS in Peru. Finally, in the third paper I analyzed a policy aimed to increase the use of LPG as fuel for cooking purposes via offering discount vouchers for low income households. As far as I know this is an innovative policy in Latin American countries. In the paper, I have analyzed the implementation of the program, the problems faced during its implementation and also I analyzed empirically its performance.En esta tesis se analizan los problemas de acceso a los servicios básicos como el agua y la energía en los países en desarrollo. El objetivo de la tesis es mostrar cómo mejorar el acceso a los servicios de agua y energías limpias en las comunidades rurales de los países en desarrollo. En este sentido, esta tesis se compone de tres papeles. Dos centrado en el análisis del sector del agua en los países en desarrollo y uno de papel centrado en el análisis de la implementación de un programa destinado a facilitar la sustitución de la madera por GLP (Gas Licuado de Petróleo) como combustible para cocinar. En el primer documento, la regulación del suministro de agua en los países en desarrollo: la calidad de la cobertura y los precios, se desarrolla un modelo teórico tuvo como objetivo analizar la línea de productos óptima de un servicio público regulado frente a la competencia de los vendedores de agua. La existencia de los vendedores de agua obliga a la energía para dar tomas de agua cada vez mayores de la población con acceso al servicio, pero reduce la cobertura. La regulación puede mitigar esta situación. Además políticas de servicio universal para tomas de agua o la delegación de la gestión standpipes' a una empresa diferente pueden reducir la cobertura de la utilidad. Además, la regulación puede mitigar estas situaciones. En el segundo artículo, los sistemas de agua comunitaria logró: el caso de Perú, hago un análisis descriptivo de las organizaciones comunales que prestan los servicios de agua en las zonas rurales de Perú. Además se analizan empíricamente cuáles son los factores determinantes de su presencia en Perú. Muestro que JASS (Juntas Administradoras de Servicios de Saneamiento) son un mecanismo eficiente para proporcionar servicios de agua en las zonas rurales, pero que necesitan apoyo. Mi resultado muestra que las comunidades homogéneas, en cuanto al mantenimiento de la tradición Minka del Imperio Inca y también en términos lingüísticos, son más propensos a crear JASS. En el tercer artículo, estufas de cocción GLP en Perú: evaluación del programa FISE, que analizan la ejecución del programa FISE (Fondo de Inclusión Social Energético) en el Perú. También se analizan empíricamente su desempeño en términos de uso de cocinas de GLP y sus beneficios para la salud asociados. En este sentido, se muestra que los vales de descuento son una política eficiente para aumentar el uso de GLP, evitarán las subvenciones cruzadas, para aumentar el uso de estufas de LPG pero esta política por sí sola no puede reducir los problemas respiratorios entre los beneficiarios. Por otra parte, esta política reduce los problemas de diarrea. Las principales contribuciones, resumidas por el papel son: en el primer documento analizaba un modelo teórico suponiendo que la empresa de agua se puede utilizar dos tecnologías para proporcionar agua y se enfrenta a la competencia de los distribuidores de agua. He analizado cómo la utilidad utiliza cobertura, precios y calidad para aumentar sus beneficios. La principal contribución del segundo documento ha sido el análisis de JASS. Por lo que yo sé que este es el primer documento de hacerlo. Es interesante destacar que los municipios menores de 2.000 habitantes tienen que ser servido por JASS, pero no todos los municipios han creado JASS. He analizado los factores determinantes para la creación de JASS en el Perú. Por último, en el tercer artículo analizaba una política destinada a incrementar el uso de GLP como combustible para cocinar a través de ofrecer cupones de descuento para los hogares de bajos ingresos. Por lo que yo sé que esto es una política innovadora en los países latinoamericanos. En el trabajo he analizado la ejecución del programa, los problemas que enfrentan durante su ejecución y también analizan empíricamente su rendimiento.
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Mariotti, Caterina. "Les services sociaux et de santé au regard des aides d’État." Thesis, Paris 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA020013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Le présent travail de recherche porte sur l’application du droit des aides d’État aux services sociaux et de santé. Cette interaction, qui s’inscrit dans le plus ample débat sur l’« infiltration » des « espaces sociaux nationaux » par le droit de l’Union européenne, attire toujours plus l’attention de la Commission et de la Cour de justice de l’UE, soulève de nouvelles questions et se caractérise par un degré considérable d’incertitude. Éclairer la façon dont le cadre juridique des « services d’intérêt économique général » (SIEG) est modulé et nuancé en relation aux services sociaux et de santé constitue l’objectif fondamental du présent projet. L’analyse va également au-delà des SIEG, en examinant les autres voies que le droit de l’Union offre pour réconcilier la règlementation des aides d’État et le soutien public au welfare. La recherche se penche d’abord sur la notion de « services sociaux et de santé » et sur le cadre juridique européen concernant ce secteur. Après avoir conclu que l’on peut raisonnablement s’attendre à ce que les services sociaux et de santé soient toujours plus fréquemment considérés comme des activités économiques relevant du champ d’application du droit des aides d’État, l’étude se concentre sur la façon dont la règlementation des aides a été appliquée dans les secteurs du logement social, des soins de santé et de la sécurité sociale. L’interaction entre droit des aides d’État et welfare est ensuite examinée à la lumière du cadre résultant du Traité de Lisbonne ; enfin, des hypothèses sont formulées au sujet des voies à suivre en vue de renforcer la capacité du droit des aides d’État à s’adapter aux particularités des services sociaux et de santéThe purpose of the present study is to explore the interaction between, on the one hand, EU State aid law and, on the other, social and health services. This issue – which falls within the wider debate on the “infiltration” of EU law into “national social spaces” – comes increasingly under the scrutiny of the Commission and of the EU Court of Justice (CJEU), raises new questions and is characterised by a significant degree of uncertainty. The primary objective of this research is to understand how the legal framework on services of general economic interest (SGEIs) concerning State aid is applied, and adjusted, in the field of social and health services. The analysis will however also look beyond SGEIs, investigating which other avenues are available under EU State aid law to allow public support in the welfare sector. The analysis begins by exploring the notion of “social and health services” and by outlining the EU legal framework concerning this area. After examining the concept of economic activity in EU law, it is concluded that it is likely that social and health services will increasingly be considered as activities falling within the scope of application of EU State aid law. The study then focuses on the way in which State aid law has been applied in the sectors of social housing, healthcare and social security. The overall picture is examined in light of the Lisbon Treaty and, finally, a reflection is carried out as to possible developments and actions with a view to strengthening the ability of EU State aid law to take into account the specific nature of welfare services
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Rodríguez-Arana, Muñoz Jaime. "Users and Services of General Energy Interest." Derecho & Sociedad, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118152.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Modern Administrative Law must be considered within the Social and Democratic Rule of Law. Citizens, as users of services of general interest, are at the centre of all the categories of Regulatory Law. They have a legal status that enables them to be present in the decisions that affect them and they can contest decisions that harm their rights.El Derecho Administrativo moderno debe enmarcarse en el Estado Social y Democrático de Derecho. Los ciudadanos, usuarios de los servicios de interés general, ocupan un lugar central en todas las categorías del Derecho Regulatorio. Disponen de un estatuto jurídico que les permite estar presentes en las decisiones que le afectan y poder impugnar las decisiones que lesionen sus derechos.
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Laguna, de Paz José Carlos. "Services of general interest in the European Union." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/115403.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
(i) Since the eighties, the European Union has implemented a policy aimed to achieve that the services of general economic interest are truly integrated in the internal market. To this end, European regulation has liberalized and harmonized the legal framework of the main economic sectors. Significant progress towards European integration has been achieved. However, the internal market is still not truly effective. (ii) Conversely, non- economic services are primarily the responsibility of Member States. They are not covered by the internal market rules, although the general provisions of the Treaty are to be applied.(i) Desde los años ochenta, la Unión Europea ha impulsado la incorporación de los servicios económicos de interés general al mercado interior. Las normas europeas han liberalizado y armonizado el régimen jurídico de los grandes sectores económicos. Se han alcanzado progresos apreciables en la integración europea, pero el mercado interior sigue sin ser una realidad acabada. (ii) En cambio, los servicios sociales son competencia de los Estados miembros. No están sujetos a las reglas del mercado interior, aunque sí a las normas generales del Tratado.
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Barazi, Mervan. "La particularité de l'application du droit de la concurrence dans le secteur des assurances." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LAROD002/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Le secteur des assurances est protéiforme : il comprend plusieurs opérateurs dont l’intégration dans le paysage économique et juridique s’est accentuée ces dernières années et ne cesse de s’imposer. Les compagnies d'assurance déploient elles-mêmes des activités d’assurance multiples. Depuis les années cinquante les différents régimes d’assurances maladie, vieillesse, chômage – obligatoires, complémentaires – sont exploités par certains organismes assureurs (mutuelles et institutions de prévoyance). Ces organismes développent leurs activités sur des marchés dont le caractère économique n’est pas toujours évident. Si les assurances vie par exemple, ne soulèvent guère de difficulté d’insertion sur un marché concurrentiel, peut-on en revanche considérer que les régimes complémentaires et légaux d’assurance maladie opèrent sur un marché économique ? Cette question conduit à s’interroger sur la soumission du secteur des assurances au droit de la concurrence et son éventuelle unicité de régime. Deux points sont étudiés, en premier lieu, il s’agit de confronter le secteur des assurances à la vision extensive des autorités européenne et nationale sur les critères d’applicabilité du droit de la concurrence. Cette approche est vérifiée auprès de tous les opérateurs proposant des produits et services qualifiés d'assurance. En second lieu, sont examinées l'application du droit de la concurrence au secteur des assurances et leurs exemptions spécifiques. Cette étude prend en compte l’ensemble du droit de la concurrence : pratiques anticoncurrentielles, droit des concentrations économiques et aides d’État. Elle s’appuie essentiellement sur le droit européen et français de la concurrenceThe insurance industry is protean : it includes several operators whose integration into the economic and legal landscape has intensified in recent years and continues to impose itself. Insurance companies themselves deploy multiple insurance activities. Since the 1950s, some insurers have exploited differents insurance schemes such as, health, old age, unemployment (whether compulsory or complementary). These organizations develop their activities in markets whose economic character is not always the most obvious. If life insurance, for example, does not present any difficulty in entering a competitive market, can we also consider that the supplementary and statutory health insurance schemes operate similarly in an economic market ? This question leads up to wonder about the submission of the insurance sector to competition law and its possible uniqueness of regime. Two points are studied, firstly, the question of confronting the insurance sector with the extensive vision of the European and national authorities. Secondly, an examination of the application of competition law to the insurance sector and the justification for different treatment. This study takes into account the whole of competition law : antitrust practices, economic concentrations and state aids. It is essentially based on European and French competition law
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Ribeiro, Ana Maria de Almeida. "Serviço público : aproximações entre o tratamento da noção no direito francês e no direito da União Europeia." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/87579.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
O presente estudo tem por finalidade analisar as aproximações entre o tratamento conferido à noção de serviço público no direito francês e no direito da União Europeia. Utilizando-se de pesquisa bibliográfica, analisa-se, primeiramente, o desenvolvimento da concepção de serviço público no direito francês, discorrendo sobre a noção clássica e identificando os principais elementos que caracterizam o instituto atualmente. Após, examina-se a evolução da abordagem da questão no direito comunitário, delineando-se as noções forjadas no âmbito da União Europeia. Por fim, do cotejo entre o tratamento do tema no direito francês e no direito comunitário, destacam-se as aproximações encontradas, concluindo-se pela assimilação, por parte das instituições europeias, dos principais aspectos caracterizadores da noção francesa, mediante a consagração de novas expressões passíveis de serem compreendidas por todos os Estados-membros e cujo conteúdo reflete a realização das adequações necessárias à realidade da União Europeia, sobretudo no que diz respeito às atividades de interesse geral dotadas de caráter econômico.This study aims to analyze the treatment given to the notion of public service both in french law and in European Union law. Using bibliographic research, it first analyzes the notion developped in french law, by reviewing the classic notion and identifying the main elements that characterize the institut nowadays. After that, it examines how the subject approach evoluted in the European Union, tracing the notions forged by it. At last, after the comparison between how the subject is treated under the french and the European Union law, the approaches are outlined, concluding that the European Union institutions assimilated the main aspects that characterizes the french notion, by the consecration of new expressions that can be understood by all member States, and which content reflects the necessary adjustments to the reality of the European Union, especially with regard to the activities of general interest endowed with economic character.
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Bitter, James Robert. "Self-Care, Self-Awareness, and Social Interest." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5239.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paradox of living is that the best way to care for yourself is through positive connections with others, through making a contribution to the whole, and through loving as much as you can from wherever you are at a moment in time. Using mindfulness, personality priorities, and awareness exercises, the workshop focuses on living life more fully.
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Tornos, Mas Joaquín. "Public services and remunicipalization." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/115700.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
It is difficult to define the legal concept of public service. There are two ways to understand it. The first one is objective and tries to determine which activities and services should be guaranteed to all citizens with the aim of social cohesion. The second one is subjective and is based on the idea that public services are activities excluded from the market. This second conception emphasizes the problems arising from the relationship between the public and private sectors rather than the right of the citizenship to receive specific services. Within this general conceptual framework, this work shows the current debate which is not centered on which kinds of public services are to be provided but rather on how they have to be provided. The debate has a strong ideological content and defends the return to public management at the expense of private management, which is considered inefficient. This work analyzes the debate and introduces some objections to remunicipalization.El concepto jurídico de servicio público es de difícil precisión. Existen dos concepciones de servicio público: una objetiva, preocupada por determinar qué actividades prestacionales deben ser garantizadas a todos los ciudadanos con el fin de lograr la cohesión social, y otra de carácter subjetivo, basada en la idea de que el servicio público es la actividad excluida del régimen de mercado, incidiendo sobre todo en los problemas de la relación entre sector público y sector privado más que en los derechos de los ciudadanos a obtener unas determinadas prestaciones. Dentro de este marco general conceptual, el presente trabajo pone de manifiesto como en la actualidad se ha abierto un debate de fuerte contenido ideológico en el que no se debate sobre qué servicios deben prestarse, sino sobre cómo deben prestarse los servicios públicos, defendiendo la recuperación de la gestión pública frente a una gestión privada que se califica de ineficiente. El trabajo analiza este debate y formula algunas objeciones a la tesis de la llamada «remunicipalización».
Книги з теми "Services of general social interest"
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Neergaard, Ulla, Erika Szyszczak, Johan Willem van de Gronden, and Markus Krajewski, eds. Social Services of General Interest in the EU. The Hague, The Netherlands: T. M. C. Asser Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-876-7.
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European Commission. Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities. Unit E.4, ed. Implementing the Community Lisbon programme: Social services of general interest in the European Union. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2006.
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Darlene, Lynch, ed. Social work and the Web. Australia: Wadsworth Thomson Learning, 2000.
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Pratt, Henry J. Gray agendas: Interest groups and public pensionsin Canada, Britain, and the United States. Ann Arbor, Mich: University of Michigan Press, 1993.
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Pratt, Henry J. Gray agendas: Interest groups and public pensions in Canada, Britain, and the United States. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1993.
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Szyszczak, Erika. Developments in Services of General Interest. The Hague, The Netherlands: T.M.C. ASSER PRESS, The Hague, The Netherlands, and the authors, 2011.
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Szyszczak, Erika, Jim Davies, Mads Andenæs, and Tarjei Bekkedal, eds. Developments in Services of General Interest. The Hague, The Netherlands: T. M. C. Asser Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-734-0.
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Szyszczak, Erika, and Johan Willem van de Gronden, eds. Financing Services of General Economic Interest. The Hague, The Netherlands: T. M. C. Asser Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-906-1.
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Great Britain. Parliament. House of Lords. European Union Committee. Services of general interest: Report with evidence. London: Stationery Office, 2004.
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Fassmann, Heinz, Alois Humer, Eduarda Marques da Costa, and Daniel Rauhut, eds. Services of General Interest and Territorial Cohesion. Göttingen: V&R Unipress, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.14220/9783737004718.
Повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "Services of general social interest"
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Becker, Ulrich. "Social Services of General Interest in Germany." In Social Services of General Interest in the EU, 497–511. The Hague, The Netherlands: T. M. C. Asser Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-876-7_19.
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van de Gronden, Johan W. "Social Services of General Interest and EU Law." In Developments in Services of General Interest, 123–53. The Hague, The Netherlands: T. M. C. Asser Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-734-0_6.
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Davies, Jim. "Changes and Challenges in UK Social Services: Social Services of General Interest or ‘Welfare’ Services of General Economic Interest?" In Social Services of General Interest in the EU, 513–40. The Hague, The Netherlands: T. M. C. Asser Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-876-7_20.
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van de Gronden, Johan W., and Catalin Stefan Rusu. "The Altmark Update and Social Services: Toward a European Approach." In Financing Services of General Economic Interest, 185–216. The Hague, The Netherlands: T. M. C. Asser Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-906-1_10.
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Martinsen, Dorte Sindbjerg. "Welfare States and Social Europe." In Social Services of General Interest in the EU, 53–71. The Hague, The Netherlands: T. M. C. Asser Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-876-7_3.
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Schiek, Dagmar. "Social Services of General Interest: The EU Competence Regime and a Constitution of Social Governance." In Social Services of General Interest in the EU, 73–94. The Hague, The Netherlands: T. M. C. Asser Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-876-7_4.
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Hamez, Gregory, and Sophie de Ruffray. "Chapter 11: Socio-spatial accessibility to Social SGI: France& The Greater Region." In Services of General Interest and Territorial Cohesion, 243–56. Göttingen: V&R Unipress, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.14220/9783737004718.243.
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Baquero Cruz, Julio. "Social Services of General Interest and the State Aid Rules." In Social Services of General Interest in the EU, 287–313. The Hague, The Netherlands: T. M. C. Asser Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-876-7_12.
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Manunza, Elisabetta, and Wouter Jan Berends. "Social Services of General Interest and the EU Public Procurement Rules." In Social Services of General Interest in the EU, 347–84. The Hague, The Netherlands: T. M. C. Asser Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-876-7_14.
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Neergaard, Ulla, Erika Szyszczak, Johan Willem van de Gronden, and Markus Krajewski. "Introduction." In Social Services of General Interest in the EU, 3–24. The Hague, The Netherlands: T. M. C. Asser Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-876-7_1.
Повний текст джерелаТези доповідей конференцій з теми "Services of general social interest"
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Patrascu, Cristina. "‘Scaling Up’ the Social Impact of Innovation in Services – Significant Findings and Best Practice Examples from Specialty Research." In World Lumen Congress 2021, May 26-30, 2021, Iasi, Romania. LUMEN Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/wlc2021/56.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
„Social innovation” have gained the focus of interest of many researchers and professionals preoccupied to find solutions to heavy societal problems manifesting themselves as challenges or obstacles for public organizations in the field of services of general interest. The present article explores the specialty research on the impact of social innovation concentrating on the most recent trends and concepts that better describe the ways that can lead to the „diffusion” of social innovation, particularly in the domain of services that are designed with the goal to ensure a higher quality life for all citizens. The main objective of our paper is to contribute to the conceptual field of innovation, by presenting a clear definition and by highlighting the newest trends in research. We also tried to identify what are the possible strategies to be applied by stakeholders in order to ensure the process of scaling up, bringing examples that prove the relevance of this concept in the field of public services. In light of recent developments in the field of social innovation, we consider that both research and practice related to „scaling up” need further evolution and more efforts in order to become solid points of reference for all interested parties. At the same time, the development of rigorous systems of evaluation of the effects and impact of innovation is strongly needed. The methods used are mainly qualitative, based on the evaluation of the specialty literature on innovation in services, and comparative, applied to highlight similarities and differences between various cases of innovation in the social sector that may be transferred in the public sector.
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Larouk, Omar, and Marina Garanovich. "DO WE HAVE INFORMATIONAL SERVICES IN SOCIAL NETWORKS? ANALYSIS THE SERVICES OFFERED BY FACEBOOK AND TWITTER TO THE SERVICES OF DIGITAL LIBRARIES." In eLSE 2021. ADL Romania, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-21-081.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Facebook is a general social network, which allows registered Internet users to create their network: friendly, professional, family, etc. Twitter is a social network dedicated to micro-blogging, that is, the rapid exchange of information. Social networking sites are fast becoming one of the most popular tools for social interaction and information exchange. Previous research has shown a relationship between users' personalities and the use of their conveyed images and the emergence of fakenews. In addition, a preference for Facebook is often associated with the user's status (novice, general public, etc.) with personality differences such as journalists, politicians or academics, researchers who prefer (twitter) to disseminate information and news. Facebook is the dominant social network in terms of number of members, number of daily visitors and the number of exchanges it generates. It allows its users to connect with their acquaintances: whether professional, friendly, or other types. The goal of Facebook is to connect people with each other and allow them to interact around their personal social network. Twitter a social network dedicated to microblogging: users can communicate with each other through short messages no longer than 140 characters. The challenge here is to be aware of the information in real time and to react to it very quickly. This social network is enjoying worldwide and growing success in media ournalistic and political circles . Twitter and Facebook try to provide information and documentation services like digital libraries which are the permanent sources for scientific communities We will focus our assessment on macro criteria as essential: - ergonomics services, information retrieval services, personalized access services, documentation services, participatory services, networking services
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Marchuk, Alexander Gurievich, Sergey Nikolaevich Troshkov, and Irina Aleksandrovna Krayneva. "Long-term Electronic Archives: Modernization and Integration." In 23rd Scientific Conference “Scientific Services & Internet – 2021”. Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20948/abrau-2021-7-ceur.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Electronic archives are more than just “paper based” funds transferred into digital form. The task of forming a qualitative source base for historical research is solved in these projects on the basis of interdisciplinary interaction of computer science and humanities. One of the longterm projects at the IIS SB RAS is a creation of a methodology and technologies for the formation, use and support of electronic archives. Here are information systems of historical orientation that were created on the basis of the solutions described in this paper: the Electronic Archive of Academician A.P. Ershov, Photo Archive of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Archive of the newspaper “Science in Siberia”, Open Archive of SB RAS, etc. Each of these resources has its own specifics, but in general, their documentary and information fund is based on the general social and territorial basis of scientific and social activities of the Siberian Branch of Academy of Sciences of the USSR/RAS and Novosibirsk Akademgorodok. In this report we will look into the general problems of creating electronic archives, relevant technologies, and architectural solutions. Some approaches to the integration/disintegration of isolated electronic resources are given on the examples of our electronic archives and on the basis of generally accepted and created tools. We will also examine the experience of using proprietary and open source software, their advantages and weaknesses.
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Li, Huayu, Yong Ge, Defu Lian, and Hao Liu. "Learning User's Intrinsic and Extrinsic Interests for Point-of-Interest Recommendation: A Unified Approach." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/294.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Point-of-Interest (POI) recommendation has been an important service on location-based social networks. However, it is very challenging to generate accurate recommendations due to the complex nature of user's interest in POI and the data sparseness. In this paper, we propose a novel unified approach that could effectively learn fine-grained and interpretable user's interest, and adaptively model the missing data. Specifically, a user's general interest in POI is modeled as a mixture of her intrinsic and extrinsic interests, upon which we formulate the ranking constraints in our unified recommendation approach. Furthermore, a self-adaptive location-oriented method is proposed to capture the inherent property of missing data, which is formulated as squared error based loss in our unified optimization objective. Extensive experiments on real-world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and advantage of our approach.
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Planojević, Nina. "EKSPROPRIJACIJA KAO PREDUSLOV ZA PRUŽANjE USLUGA OD OPŠTEG INTERESA." In XIX majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xixmajsko.269p.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Due to the wide range of their beneficiaries and the fact that without them it is not possible for one social community to normally function and even exist, public interest services represent the most important type of services. One of the conditions for their uninterrupted delivery is also to ensure location for construction of objects and for their core activity, which is a difficult task especially in cities and densely inhabited places where there are not many free land lots. This turns into particularly large issue when delivery of these services requires one and specific type of immovable asset which is someone’s private ownership. The only solution for these situations, where there is a conflict of general and individual interest, is to apply expropriation institute which then becomes precondition for public interest services. Therefore, subject of this paper is elaboration of solutions for expropriation in the domestic law, through the analysis of the following segments of this institute: notion, subjects, types, development, functions and elements of expropriation (object, public interest, expropriation procedure and compensation). In the concluding part of the paper, the author summarises results of her analysis, indicating coherence between expropriation and public interest services.
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Planojević, Nina. "EKSPROPRIJACIJA KAO PREDUSLOV ZA PRUŽANjE USLUGA OD OPŠTEG INTERESA." In XIX majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xvixmajsko.269p.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Due to the wide range of their beneficiaries and the fact that without them it is not possible for one social community to normally function and even exist, public interest services represent the most important type of services. One of the conditions for their uninterrupted delivery is also to ensure location for construction of objects and for their core activity, which is a difficult task especially in cities and densely inhabited places where there are not many free land lots. This turns into particularly large issue when delivery of these services requires one and specific type of immovable asset which is someone’s private ownership. The only solution for these situations, where there is a conflict of general and individual interest, is to apply expropriation institute which then becomes precondition for public interest services. Therefore, subject of this paper is elaboration of solutions for expropriation in the domestic law, through the analysis of the following segments of this institute: notion, subjects, types, development, functions and elements of expropriation (object, public interest, expropriation procedure and compensation). In the concluding part of the paper, the author summarises results of her analysis, indicating coherence between expropriation and public interest services.
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Marchuk, Alexander Gurievich, Sergey Nikolaevich Troshkov, and Irina Aleksandrovna Krayneva. "On the Issue of Modernization and Integration of Long-term Electronic Archives." In 23rd Scientific Conference “Scientific Services & Internet – 2021”. Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20948/abrau-2021-20.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Over a period of about twenty years, the IIS SB RAS has created information systems of historical orientation: the Electronic Archive of Academician A. P. Ershov, the Photo Archive of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, the Archive of the newspaper "Science in Siberia", the Open Archive of the SB RAS, etc. Each of the resources has its own specifics but in general their content is based on the general social and territorial basis of scientific and public activities of the SB AS USSR/RAS and the Novosibirsk Akademgorodok. In this report we will look at some of the problems of integrating/disintegrating disparate electronic resources into a common platform using existing and emerging tools.
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Algayar, Sarmad monadel sabree, and Mohammed safaa mohamed Shubber. "A QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH FOR DETERMINING THE MEDICAL USER'S INTEREST AND INTERACT WITH E-LEARNING IN THE MEDICAL SOCIAL MEDIA SYSTEM TARGETED FOR THE IRAQI ENVIRONMENT." In eLSE 2019. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-19-061.
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The use of cutting-edge technologies such as the smartphones, smart bracelets, cloud computing, internet of things (IoT), e-Learning, and m-Health, as well as mobile applications has begun to increase in healthcare sectors, due to factors such as low cost, ease of use, mobility, multiple uses, and being reliable. This encouraged the international institutions, particularly health institutions, to increase their investment in healthcare technologies. We aim to develop a new specialized platform, an easy-to-use learning management system called Medical social media system, in order to improve the healthcare services in the Iraqi environment. It would be a social media system which can be used by users from their personal computer or Android devices in order to provide knowledge regarding users such as patients, medical students, new doctors and medical experts in the Iraqi health sector, where infrastructure needs to significantly develop, and medical information needs to be shared among medical workers as well as people in general. In this paper, we present a quantitative research by data collected from survey questionnaires, which are related to e-Learning and Medical social media system, in order to identify the main factors that influence the interest and the interaction of the medical specialists, new doctors, laboratory analysts, pharmacist, students of medical and biologic groups and patients interested in the health e-Learning and the cutting-edge health technologies through interactive Medical social media systems. Their interest and recommendations are taken into account while building an interactive specialized platform for medical social media system in the Iraqi environment.
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Bataveljić, Dragan. "Usluge bez kojih se ne može – pogrebne usluge." In XVI Majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/upk20.347b.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper the author points to a group of services, which is large and significant, but rather neglected and insufficiently investigated since the authors have not written about them in a systematic way. Namely, many think that in life there are more important services that should fall within the scope of our interest or a research work. However, when the funeral services are comprehensively considered and analyzed, we come to a quite different conclusion. These services, unlike many others, are original, authentic and ancient, coming from a distant past. They are also lasting, that is, they will remain indefinitely. Of course, they have changed in the course of history depending on people’s customs, religion, beliefs, living standard and social class. It is general conclusion that in the course of their historical development, the number funeral of services has gradually increased to become a corpus of an enviable size. There is no doubt that in future this number will further grow and that service law will become richer for one more significant branch of services.
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Li, Yangmei, Jennifer Kurinczuk, Fiona Alderdice, Maria Quigley, Oliver Rivero-Arias, Julia Sanders, Sara Kenyon, Dimitrios Siassakos, and Claire Carson. "P120 Women’s pre-pregnancy care: Understanding how women interact with general practice services prior to becoming pregnant using routine health data." In Society for Social Medicine Annual Scientific Meeting Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2023-ssmabstracts.223.
Повний текст джерелаЗвіти організацій з теми "Services of general social interest"
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Washbum, Brian E. Hawks and Owls. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, December 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7208741.ws.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Hawks and owls can negatively impact a variety of human interests, including important natural resources, livestock and game bird production, human health and safety, and companion animals. Conflicts between raptors and people generally are localized and often site-specific. However, the economic and social impacts to the individuals involved can be severe. Despite the problems they may cause, hawks and owls provide important benefits and environmental services. Raptors are popular with birdwatchers and much of the general public. They also hunt and kill large numbers of rodents, reducing crop damage and other problems. Hawks and owls are classified into four main groups, namely accipiters, buteos, falcons, and owls. All hawks and owls in the United States are federally pro-tected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (16 USC, 703−711). Hawks and owls typically are protected under state wildlife laws or local ordinances, as well. These laws strictly prohibit the capture, killing, or possession of hawks or owls (or their parts) without a special permit (e.g., Feder-al Depredation Permit), issued by the USFWS. State-issued wildlife damage or depredation permits also may be required.
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Rúas-Araújo, J., F. Campos-Freire, and I. Puentes-Rivera. Use and assessment of general-interest social networks and academic databases in Galician universities. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, November 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4185/rlcs-2016-1141en.
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Rúas-Araújo, J., F. Campos-Freire, and I. Puentes-Rivera. Use and assessment of general-interest social networks and academic databases in Galician universities. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, November 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4185/rlcs-2016-1161en.
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strauss, Bernhard, Samuel Short, and Pantea Lotfian. The Evolution of personalised nutrition. Food Standards Agency, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.ean605.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Health and wellbeing and susceptibility to disease are causally linked to food and nutrition intake, an observation that has informed dietary advice for centuries. However, physiological response to different food types varies greatly by individual, meaning that a “one size fits all” approach to nutritional advice may be inadequate to ensure optimum health outcomes. Personalised nutrition (PN) services, operating at the intersection between health advisory, the wellness sector, and the food system, seek to address this through individualised targeted dietary advice focused on achieving lasting dietary behaviour change that is beneficial for health. In this report we specifically analyse the evolution of personalised nutrition defined as nutritional advice based on personalised analysis of scientific data obtained from the customers’ phenotype and the scientific knowledge base underpinning such advice. We will touch on technologies that enable the personalisation of food more generally only insofar as they might impact PN in the future through wider network effects within the food system. Personalised nutrition as a clinical and academic field of study has existed for at least four decades, however recent investor interest and cheaper direct-to-consumer (D2C) testing devices have enabled a growing commercial PN sector that has evolved over the past ten years. Commercial PN services provide mostly advice, which is claimed to be based on the latest scientific evidence showing the causal connections between certain individual phenotypic traits (genes, lifestyle factors, gut microbe, blood parameters, age, sex, etc.) and the physiological response to food. In addition to advice, providers increasingly offer personalised supplements and vitamins (which are within the FSA remit) as well as personalised, tailored subscription meal plans. The sector in the UK is currently still small but represented by a number of different business models serving increasing consumer interest in health-related offerings. Moreover, there are hopes that commercial PN might, in the longer-term future, contribute to public health. In this report we have analysed the specific input trends that have enabled the emergence of the sector with the drivers and challenges that are shaping its evolution today. This analysis included a thorough assessment of the science that underpins PN services, the role of technology trends and commercial activity including an overview of the current global and UK markets, wider social trends that impact consumer uptake of PN, and the existing regulatory environment that surrounds PN, a currently unregulated commercial activity. The potential impact on public health, food safety and consumer choice as the industry develops over the coming decade were also assessed.
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Weitkamp, Alexandra, Alistair Adam Hernández, Jörn Bannert, Alexandru Brad, Rainer Danielzyk, Juliane Freyboth, Alice Gebauer, et al. Innovative Ansätze der Daseinsvorsorge in ländlichen Räumen - Lernen von Erfahrungen anderer europäischer Länder für Deutschland (InDaLE) : Projektabschlussbericht. Technische Universität Dresden, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2024.37.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The research project InDaLE (Innovative approaches to services of general interest in rural areas - learning from the experiences of other European countries for Germany) analysed innovative approaches to services of general interest in Austria, Sweden, Scotland and Germany and examined their transferability and applicability to rural areas in Germany. The analysis of experiences in other European countries regarding the adaptation of infrastructures is used for the development of innovative approaches in Germany and can offer new solutions.
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Savedoff, William D. Social Services Viewed Through New Lenses: Agency Problems in Education and Health in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, December 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011575.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Latin America spends large amounts of resources on social services, yet its life expectancy and education levels are low compared to other regions with similar levels of income. A key reason is the inherent difficulty of making social services produce efficiently in response to demands and needs. This working paper shows how improving the organization of these service systems can make a significant difference in health conditions and student learning. A general framework applying the lessons of theories of the firm to the particularities of social services is developed, followed by a summary of case studies which assess the impact of organization on performance in education and in health. The paper shows that the relationships and rules followed by governments, service providers, and consumers can mean the difference between success and failure. It also describes a wealth of approaches that point toward better ways of organizing social services and ultimately improving health and education in the region.
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Johnson, Eric M., and Robert Chew. Social Network Analysis Methods for International Development. RTI Press, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2021.rb.0026.2105.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Social Network Analysis (SNA) is a promising yet underutilized tool in the international development field. SNA entails collecting and analyzing data to characterize and visualize social networks, where nodes represent network members and edges connecting nodes represent relationships or exchanges among them. SNA can help both researchers and practitioners understand the social, political, and economic relational dynamics at the heart of international development programming. It can inform program design, monitoring, and evaluation to answer questions related to where people get information; with whom goods and services are exchanged; who people value, trust, or respect; who has power and influence and who is excluded; and how these dynamics change over time. This brief advances the case for use of SNA in international development, outlines general approaches, and discusses two recently conducted case studies that illustrate its potential. It concludes with recommendations for how to increase SNA use in international development.
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Teng, Cheong Lieng, Pei Kuan Lai, Hian Jie Heng, Mun Hong Tiew, and Chun Wai Chan. General health literacy in Malaysia: protocol of a systematic review of Malaysian studies. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.3.0046.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Review question / Objective:What is the prevalence of limited health literacy among adolescents and adults in Malaysia, and is there any social-demographic differences? Condition being studied: Health literacy. It is the degree to which individuals have the ability to find, understand, and use information and services to inform health-related decisions and actions for themselves and others. It can be measured using various rating scales such as Health Literacy Survey (various versions), Newest Vital Sign and Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (various versions) and others.
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Bustamante Suárez, Paola. Generación de valor, rentabilidad social y conflictividad en el entorno de proyectos mineros en Perú. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0012949.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Existe una relación causal entre la pérdida de competitividad y dinamismo minero peruano y el aumento de la conflictividad social. Esta a su vez, encuentra sus fuentes en altos niveles de insatisfacción respecto al desarrollo económico territorial y al pobre nivel de acceso a servicios básicos de calidad. El Perú cuenta con una ventaja comparativa en el sector minero a nivel mundial, se encuentra entre los principales países productores de metales como el cobre, la plata y el zinc. Sin embargo, y a pesar del cuantioso aporte macroeconómico del sector minero a la economía del Perú los conflictos sociales vinculados a tal actividad minera han incrementado entre el 2005 y 2023, pasando de representar 20% del total a cerca de 50% en dicho periodo. Los conflictos, de orden mult-causal tienen en común una baja estimación o percepción social del aporte de la minería al desarrollo económico de la población que reside en áreas donde se desarrolla la actividad minera. Resolverlos o gestionarlos positivamente representa un desafío para todas las instancias de gobierno, mismas que han depositado mayoritariamente su confianza en impulsarlos a partir de la “rentabilidad social” que estos generan; al mismo tiempo que el sector privado ha expresado su interés en mostrar los aprendizajes y acciones que se han obtenido en torno a la generación de valor compartido en las operaciones mineras. En ese contexto, este estudio provee evidencia que permitiría que se evalúan las condiciones y características en las que se produce la generación de valor en las áreas donde se desarrollan las actividades mineras y su relación con la conflictividad social. En ese escenario, desde el presupuesto que donde hay conflictos se reduce la generación de valor, este estudio busca proveer insumos para responder las siguientes preguntas: ¿Cómo y cuánto contribuye la minería al desarrollo económico local? ¿Qué hemos aprendido sobre buenas prácticas en el sector minero en la última década que contribuya a fomentar una mayor rentabilidad social y reducir la conflictividad? En esa línea, el documento se organiza en dos secciones, en la primera sección se desarrolla el marco conceptual relacionado al desarrollo territorial en el ámbito minero y en la segunda sección se presenta la discusión sobre el concepto de rentabilidad social, y cuáles son los elementos necesarios para que se lleve a cabo un proceso de análisis y evaluación de la viabilidad social (actores involucrados y ámbito de intervención). Seguidamente, se analiza las causas de los conflictos mineros y se describen las posibles estrategias para mitigarlos; así como ejemplos concretos de buenas y malas prácticas en torno a la solución de conflictos socio ambientales. Finalmente, se describen lineamientos sobre el desarrollo territorial en el ámbito minero con un enfoque de valor compartido, encadenamientos y diversificación productiva en el territorio.
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Ripani, Laura, Néstor Gandelman, and Hugo R. Ñopo. Traditional Excluding Forces: A Review of the Quantitative Literature on the Economic Situation of Indigenous Peoples, Afro-Descendants, and People Living with Disability. Inter-American Development Bank, October 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010984.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Unequal income distribution in Latin America and the Caribbean is linked to unequal distributions of (human and physical) assets and differential access to markets and services. These circumstances, and the accompanying social tensions, need to be understood in terms of traditional fragmenting forces; the sectors of the population who experience unfavorable outcomes are also recognized by characteristics such as ethnicity, race, gender and physical disability. In addition to reviewing the general literature on social exclusion, this paper surveys several more specific topics: i) relative deprivation (in land and housing, physical infrastructure, health and income); ii) labor market issues, including access to labor markets in general, as well as informality, segregation and discrimination; iii) the transaction points of political representation, social protection and violence; and iv) areas where analysis remains weak and avenues for further research in the region.