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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Semi-linear"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 20 лютого 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Semi-linear"

Georgiou, Nicos, Mathew Joseph, Davar Khoshnevisan, and Shang-Yuan Shiu. "Semi-discrete semi-linear parabolic SPDEs." Annals of Applied Probability 25, no. 5 (October 2015): 2959–3006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/14-aap1065.

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BAME, Valmir, and Lulezim HANELLI. "Numerical Solution for Semi Linear Hyperbolic Differential Equations." International Journal of Innovative Research in Engineering & Management 6, no. 4 (July 2019): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ijirem.2019.6.4.1.

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Krief, Jerome M. "Semi‐linear mode regression." Econometrics Journal 20, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 149–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ectj.12088.

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Knüppel, Frieder, and Klaus Nielsen. "Covering singular linear semi-groups." Linear Algebra and its Applications 438, no. 7 (April 2013): 3039–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.laa.2012.12.005.

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Aneiros-Pérez, Germán, and Philippe Vieu. "Semi-functional partial linear regression." Statistics & Probability Letters 76, no. 11 (June 2006): 1102–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spl.2005.12.007.

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Lin, C. J., S. C. Fang, and Soon-Yi Wu. "Parametric linear semi-infinite programming." Applied Mathematics Letters 9, no. 3 (May 1996): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0893-9659(96)00038-9.

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Altman, Eitan. "Semi-linear Stochastic Difference Equations." Discrete Event Dynamic Systems 19, no. 1 (October 23, 2008): 115–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10626-008-0053-4.

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Liu, Chien-Liang, Wen-Hoar Hsaio, Chia-Hoang Lee, and Fu-Sheng Gou. "Semi-Supervised Linear Discriminant Clustering." IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics 44, no. 7 (July 2014): 989–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2013.2278466.

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Toher, Deirdre, Gerard Downey, and Thomas Brendan Murphy. "Semi-supervised linear discriminant analysis." Journal of Chemometrics 25, no. 12 (November 10, 2011): 621–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1408.

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D’Alessandro, Flavio, Benedetto Intrigila, and Stefano Varricchio. "Quasi-polynomials, linear Diophantine equations and semi-linear sets." Theoretical Computer Science 416 (January 2012): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tcs.2011.10.014.

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Дисертації з теми "Semi-linear"

Price, C. J. "Non-linear semi-infinite programming." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Mathematics and Statistics, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7920.

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Optimisation problems occur in many branches of science, engineering, and economics, as well as in other areas. The diversity of the various types of optimisation problems is extremely large, and so a unified approach is not attempted here. This thesis concentrates on a specific type of problem: non-linear semi-infinite programming.

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Bush, Christopher A. "Semi-parametric Bayesian linear models /." The Ohio State University, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487856076417948.

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Karlsson, Robert. "Digital predistortion of semi-linear power amplifier." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2617.

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In this thesis, a new way of using predisortion for linearization of power amplifiers is evaluated. In order to achieve an adequate power level for the jamming signal, power amplifiers are used in military jamming systems. Due to the nonlinear characteristic of the power amplifier, distortion will be present at the output. As a consequence, unwanted frequencies are subject to jamming. To decrease the distortion, linearization of the power amplifier is necessary.

In the system of interest, a portion of the distorted power amplifier output signal is fed back. Using this measurement, a predistortion signal is synthesized to allow suppression of the unwanted frequency components. The predistortion signal is updated a number of times in order to achieve a good outcome. Simulations are carried out in Matlab for testing of the algorithm.

The evaluation of the new linearization technique shows promising results and that good suppression of distortion components is achieved. Furthermore, new predistortion features are possible to implement, such as predistorsion in selected frequency bands. However, real hardware testing needs to be carried out to confirm the results.

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Lisbôa, Tales de Vargas. "Uma metodologia para a obtenção de respostas semi-analíticas para flexão linear e não-linear de placas semi-espessas." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/18593.

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Este trabalho apresenta uma metodologia para obtenção de benchmarks e prontuários de soluções para flexão de placas semi-espessas sob grandes deslocamentos. O modelo de placa de Mindlin foi o empregado para considerar a deformação cisalhante, e soluções semi-analíticas foram obtidas através de uma variação do método de Rayleigh-Ritz. O método, denominado pb- 2, facilita a imposição das condições de contorno cinemáticas, ampliando consideravelmente a aplicabilidade do método de Rayleigh-Ritz convencional. A metodologia foi implementada utilizando programas de computação simbólica, o que permitiu a obtenção de soluções analíticas aproximadas para diversos problemas lineares. A geração de soluções similares no âmbito não linear não foi possível, e neste caso recorreu-se a ajuste de parâmetros para obtenção de superfícies de resposta representativas de um grande número de análises realizadas através do método dos elementos finitos. Esta abordagem permitiu incorporar às soluções as diversas variáveis que influenciam na resposta, particularmente a espessura, razão de aspecto da placa e a compressibilidade do material. Uma nova parametrização do carregamento transversal foi proposta a fim de minimizar a influência da compressibilidade nos resultados para deslocamento central da placa, levando assim a soluções parecidas com as já reportadas para placas finas. Curvas carga ´ deslocamento podem assim ser extraídas diretamente dos ajustes realizados. Resultados para diversos casos de geometria e condições de contorno foram comparados com soluções disponíveis na literatura, mostrando boa concordância.
This work presents a methodology for generating of benchmark solutions and reference formulas for large displacement analysis of thick plates under bending. The Mindlin’s plate model was used to take into account the shear deformability, and semi-analytical solutions were obtained through a variation of the Rayleigh-Ritz method. The method, called pb-2, facilitates the imposition of kinematically admissible conditions, extending considerably the applicability of the conventional Rayleigh-Ritz method. The methodology was implemented in a symbolic computation program, and approximated analytical solutions were generated for linear cases. Similar solutions for non-linear problems were not possible, and in such cases response surfaces were obtained using data provided by finite element analysis. The approach allowed incorporating explicitly to the approximate solution the influence of parameter such as thickness of the plate, aspect ratio of the plate, and the compressibility of the material. A new nondimensional loading is proposed in order to minimize the influence of the compressibility on the response surfaces for central displacement, leading to displacement solutions similar to those reported for thin plates. Load ´ displacement curves can be extracted directly from the fitted response. Results for several cases of geometry and boundary conditions are compared with other available solutions, and good agreement was found.

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Davidson, Bryan Duncan. "Recursive projection for semi-linear partial differential equations." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294932.

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Wilcox, Diane. "Multivalued semi-Fredholm operators in normed linear spaces." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4945.

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Bibliography: leaves 176-182.
Certain properties associated with these classes are stable under small perturbation, i.e. stable under additive perturbation by continuous operators whose norms are less than the minimum modulus of the relation being perturbed, and are also stable under perturbation by compact, strictly singular or strictly cosingular operators. In this work we continue the study of these classes and introduce the classes of α-Atkinson and β-Atkinson relations. These are subclasses of upper and lower semi-Fredholm relations respectively, having generalised inverses and defined in terms of the existence of continuous projections onto their ranges and nullspaces.

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Ruan, Yang. "Smooth and locally linear semi-supervised metric learning /." View abstract or full-text, 2009. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CSED%202009%20RUAN.

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Bui, Tang Bao Ngoc. "Semi-linear waves with time-dependent speed and dissipation." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-147037.

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Анотація:

The main goal of our thesis is to understand qualitative properties of solutions to the Cauchy problem for the semi-linear wave model with time-dependent speed and dissipation. We greatly benefited from very precise estimates for the corresponding linear problem in order to obtain the global existence (in time) of small data solutions. This reason motivated us to introduce very carefully a complete description for classification of our models: scattering, non-effective, effective, over-damping. We have considered those separately.

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Michalk, Linda [Verfasser]. "Semi-Analytical Semi-Lagrangian Discontinuous Galerkin Advection Scheme for the Compressible Linear Advection Equation / Linda Michalk." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1176707140/34.

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Huber, Gerald. "Non-linear calculations of composite sections and semi-continuous joints /." Berlin : Ernst, 2000. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?u20=3433012504.

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Книги з теми "Semi-linear"

Melrose, Richard B. Semi-linear diffraction of conormal waves. Paris: Société mathématique de France, 1996.

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Melrose, Richard B. Semi-linear diffraction of conormal waves. Paris: Société Mathématique de France, 1996.

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Melrose, Richard B. Semi-linear diffraction of conormal waves. Paris: Société Mathématique de France, 1996.

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Haraux, Alain. Semi-linear hyperbolic problems in bounded domains. Chur: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1987.

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Goberna, Miguel A., and Marco A. López. Post-Optimal Analysis in Linear Semi-Infinite Optimization. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-8044-1.

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T, Chui P. P., ed. Non-linear static and cyclic analysis of steel frames with semi-rigid connections. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2000.

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Smolarski, Dennis Chester. An optimum semi-iterative method for solving any linear set with a square matrix. Urbana, Ill. (1304 W. Springfield Ave., Urbana 61801): Dept. of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1985.

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Curvature in mathematics and physics. Mineola, N.Y: Dover, 2012.

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Zhao, Huaizhong. The stochastic elementary formula method and approximate travelling waves for semi-linear reaction diffusion equations. [s.l.]: typescript, 1994.

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Casasent, David Paul. Novel parallel architectures and algorithms for linear algebra processing: Semi-annual report, grant NAG-1-575. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1986.

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Частини книг з теми "Semi-linear"

Jacobson, N. "Normal Semi-Linear Transformations." In Collected Mathematical Papers, 161–75. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3692-4_16.

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Green, Peter J., and Brian S. Yandell. "Semi-parametric Generalized Linear Models." In Generalized Linear Models, 44–55. New York, NY: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7070-7_6.

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Nasseri, Seyed Hadi, Ali Ebrahimnejad, and Bing-Yuan Cao. "Semi-fully Fuzzy Linear Programming." In Fuzzy Linear Programming: Solution Techniques and Applications, 177–222. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17421-7_5.

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Haraux, Alain, and Mohamed Ali Jendoubi. "Uniformly Damped Linear Semi-groups." In SpringerBriefs in Mathematics, 29–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23407-6_4.

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Goberna, Miguel A., and Marco A. López. "Robust Linear Semi-infinite Optimization." In Post-Optimal Analysis in Linear Semi-Infinite Optimization, 39–49. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-8044-1_3.

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Henglein, Fritz. "Fast left-linear semi-unification." In Advances in Computing and Information — ICCI '90, 82–91. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-53504-7_64.

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Diagana, Toka. "Semi-Group of Linear Operators." In Semilinear Evolution Equations and Their Applications, 45–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00449-1_3.

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Triebel, Hans. "Truncations and Semi-linear Equations." In The Structure of Functions, 355–402. Basel: Springer Basel, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-0569-8_4.

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Triebel, Hans. "Semi-linear Equations; the Q-method." In The Structure of Functions, 389–402. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8257-6_27.

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Melliani, Said. "Semi-linear Equation with Fuzzy Parameters." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 271–75. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-48061-7_33.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Semi-linear"

Remus, Seda, and Carlo Tomasi. "Semi-Supervised Fisher Linear Discriminant (SFLD)." In 2010 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2010.5495365.

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Zhou, Neng-Fa, Yi-Dong Shen, and Taisuke Sato. "Semi-naive evaluation in linear tabling." In the 6th ACM SIGPLAN international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1013963.1013976.

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Sindhwani, Vikas, and S. Sathiya Keerthi. "Large scale semi-supervised linear SVMs." In the 29th annual international ACM SIGIR conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1148170.1148253.

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Krijthe, Jesse H., and Marco Loog. "Implicitly Constrained Semi-supervised Linear Discriminant Analysis." In 2014 22nd International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2014.646.

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Min, Fan, and Xindong Wu. "Local Semi-linear Regression for River Runoff Forecasting." In 2009 International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cse.2009.214.

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Ren, Yanni, Weite Li, and Jinglu Hu. "A Semi-supervised Classification Using Gated Linear Model." In 2019 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2019.8852099.

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Reznik, Grigori M., and Vladimir Zeitlin. "Non-linear dynamics of semi-transparent equatorial waveguide." In SPIE Proceedings, edited by Alexander M. Sergeev. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.675584.

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Teboulle, M. "Nonlinear perturbations for linear semi-infinite optimization problems." In 29th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control. IEEE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdc.1990.204070.

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Chen, Xiaojun, Guowen Yuan, Feiping Nie, and Joshua Zhexue Huang. "Semi-supervised Feature Selection via Rescaled Linear Regression." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/211.

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With the rapid increase of complex and high-dimensional sparse data, demands for new methods to select features by exploiting both labeled and unlabeled data have increased. Least regression based feature selection methods usually learn a projection matrix and evaluate the importances of features using the projection matrix, which is lack of theoretical explanation. Moreover, these methods cannot find both global and sparse solution of the projection matrix. In this paper, we propose a novel semi-supervised feature selection method which can learn both global and sparse solution of the projection matrix. The new method extends the least square regression model by rescaling the regression coefficients in the least square regression with a set of scale factors, which are used for ranking the features. It has shown that the new model can learn global and sparse solution. Moreover, the introduction of scale factors provides a theoretical explanation for why we can use the projection matrix to rank the features. A simple yet effective algorithm with proved convergence is proposed to optimize the new model. Experimental results on eight real-life data sets show the superiority of the method.

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Juhas, Brett D., Jessica M. Wong, Nicole J. Boroumand, and Paul H. Rigby. "Semi-Rigid Helmet Rotation Measurement Using Linear Accelerometers." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-64677.

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The number of sensors placed on warfighters’ personal protective equipment (PPE) continues to increase each year. It is important to be able to accurately measure the dynamic response of PPE in order to characterize new sensors that are meant to track warfighter movement. In an effort to help predict head motion, a method has been developed to accurately measure the angular and linear acceleration of a semi-rigid helmet using four triaxial linear accelerometers. This four-accelerometer array configuration is based on the 3-2-2-2 nine accelerometer package (NAP) method and was tailored to accurately measure the helmet response during impact and blast overpressure events. Method development and testing were performed using U.S. Army Advanced Combat Helmets. Since angular motion calculation using the NAP method requires orthogonal sensor placement, it was necessary to revise the standard NAP sensor configuration to account for the geometric constraints of a helmet. Modal analysis was performed to determine the locations of least vibration, and shock tube and drop tests were conducted to investigate helmet flex during impacts. Knowledge concerning the dominant vibration modes of the helmet guided accelerometer placement and helped mitigate the effects of sensor data oscillation on the calculated angular motion. Local helmet deformation strongly depends on the impact site; several accelerometer array configurations were developed to account for various impact directions. Linear accelerations were measured and angular accelerations were calculated for guided free drop and shock tube tests in the laboratory. In guided free drop tests, the helmet and headform were dropped onto an anvil at various velocities and were allowed to freely bounce after impact. In shock tube tests, the helmet and headform were allowed to swing freely when subjected to a high shock wave simulating an IED blast. The modified NAP method was able to accurately measure the linear and angular acceleration of the helmet for both types of tests. The angular motion calculation was validated using a high-speed video camera recording the helmet response at 10,000 frames per second. Results were also compared to angular rate sensors available on the market. It was determined that with a detailed understanding of a semi-rigid body’s vibration and proper placement of linear accelerometers, angular acceleration during high-shock impacts can be accurately calculated for semi-rigid, irregular shaped objects. This accelerometer placement method has been applied to several other military grade helmets and been used in models predicting head motion from helmet motion data.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Semi-linear"

Chandrasekaran, S., P. DeWilde, M. Gu, T. Pals, A. van der Veen, and D. White. Fast Stable Solvers for Sequentially Semi-Seperable Linear Systems of Equations. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15003389.

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Allen, S. James. Non-Linear Terahertz Electronics with Self Organized Rare-Earth Arsenide Semi-Metal/Semiconductor Composites. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada329713.

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Hefetz, Abraham, and Justin O. Schmidt. Use of Bee-Borne Attractants for Pollination of Nonrewarding Flowers: Model System of Male-Sterile Tomato Flowers. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586462.bard.

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The use of bee natural product for enhancing pollination is especially valuable in problematic crops that are generally avoided by bees. In the present research we attempted to enhance bee visitation to Male Sterile (M-S) tomato flowers generally used in the production of hybrid seeds. These flowers that lack both pollen and nectar are unattractive to bees that learn rapidly to avoid them. The specific objects were to elucidate the chemical composition of the exocrine products of two bumble bee species the North American Bombus impatiens and the Israeli B. terrestris. Of these, to isolate and identify a bee attractant which when sprayed on M-S tomato flowers will enhance bee visitation, and to provide a procedure of the pheromone application regime. During the research we realized that our knowledge of B. impatiens is too little and we narrowed the objective to learning the basic social behavior of the bees and the pattern of foraging in a flight chamber and how it is affected by biogenic amines. Colonies of B. impatiens are characterized by a high number of workers and a relatively small number of queens. Size differences between queens and workers are pronounced and the queen seems to have full control over egg laying. Only about 9% of the workers in mature colonies had mature oocytes, and there were no signs of a "competition phase" as we know in B. terrestris. Queens and workers differ in their exocrine bouquet. Queen's Dufour's gland possesses a series of linear, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons whereas that of workers contains in addition a series of wax-type esters. Bees were trained to either visit or avoid artificially scented electronic flowers in a flight chamber. Since bee also learned to avoid scented non-rewarding flowers we attempted to interfere with this learning. We tested the effect of octopamine, a biogenic amine affecting bee behavior, on the choice behavior of free-flying bumblebees. Our results show that octopamine had no significant effect on the bees' equilibrium choice or on the overall rate of the behavioral change in response to the change in reward. Rather, octopamine significantly affected the time interval between the change in reward status and the initiation of behavioral change in the bee. In B. terrestris we studied the foraging pattern of the bees on tomato flowers in a semi commercial greenhouse in Yad Mordechai. Bee learned very quickly to avoid the non- rewarding M-S flowers, irrespective of their arrangement in the plot, i.e., their mixing with normal, pollen bearing flowers. However, bees seem to "forget" this information during the night since the foraging pattern repeats itself the next morning. Several exocrine products were tested as visitation enhancers. Among these, tarsal gland extracts are the most attractive. The compounds identified in the tarsal gland extract are mostly linear saturated hydrocarbons with small amounts of unsaturated ones. Application was performed every second day on leaves in selected inflorescences. Bee visitation increased significantly in the treated inflorescences as compared to the control, solvent treated. Treatment of the anthers cone was more effective than on the flower petals or the surrounding leaves. Methanol proved to be a non-flower-destructive solvent. We have shown that bumble bees (B. terrestris) can be manipulated by bee-borne attractants to visit non-rewarding flowers. We have further demonstrated that the bees learning ability can be manipulated by applying exogenously octopamine. Both methods can be additively applied in enhancing pollination of desired crops. Such manipulation will be especially useful in tomato cultivation for hybrid seed production.

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Dudley, Lynn M., Uri Shani, and Moshe Shenker. Modeling Plant Response to Deficit Irrigation with Saline Water: Separating the Effects of Water and Salt Stress in the Root Uptake Function. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586468.bard.

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Standard salinity management theory, derived from blending thermodynamic and semi- empirical considerations leads to an erroneous perception regarding compensative interaction among salinity stress factors. The current approach treats matric and osmotic components of soil water potential separately and then combines their effects to compute overall response. With deficit water a severe yield decrease is expected under high salinity, yet little or no reduction is predicted for excess irrigation, irrespective of salinity level. Similarly, considerations of competition between chloride and nitrate ions have lead to compensation hypothesis and to application of excess nitrate under saline conditions. The premise of compensative interaction of growth factors behind present practices (that an increase in water application alleviates salinity stress) may result in collateral environmental damage. Over-irrigation resulting in salinization and elevated ground water threatens productivity on a global scale. Other repercussions include excessive application of nitrate to compensate for salinity, unwillingness to practice deficit irrigation with saline water, and under-utilization of marginal water. The objectives for the project were as follows: 1) To develop a database for model parameterization and validation by studying yield and transpiration response to water availability, excessive salinity and salt composition. 2) To modify the root sink terms of an existing mechanism-based model(s) of water flow, transpiration, crop yield, salt transport, and salt chemistry. 3) To develop conceptual and quantitative models of ion uptake that considers the soil solution concentration and composition. 4) To develop a conceptual and quantitative models of effects of NaCl and boron accumulation on yield and transpiration. 5) To add a user interface to the water flow, transpiration, crop yield, salt transport, chemistry model to make it easy for others to use. We conducted experiments in field plots and lysimeters to study biomass production and transpiration of com (Zeamays cv. Jubilee), melon (Cucumismelo subsp. melo cv. Galia), tomato (Lycopersiconesculentum Mill. cv. 5656), onion (Alliumcepa L. cv. HA 944), and date palms (Phoenix Dactylifera L. cv. Medjool) under salinity combined with water or with nitrate (growth promoters) or with boron (growth inhibitor). All factors ranged from levels not limiting to plant function to severe inhibition. For cases of combined salinity with water stress, or excess boron, we observed neither additive nor compensative effects on plant yield and transpiration. In fact, yield and transpiration at each combination of the various factors were primarily controlled by one of them, the most limiting factor to plant activity. We proposed a crop production model of the form Yr = min{gi(xi), where Yr = Yi ym-1 is relative yield,Ym is the maximum yield obtained in each experiment, Xi is an environmental factor, gi is a piecewise-linear response function, Yi is yield of a particular treatment. We selected a piecewise-linear approach because it highlights the irrigation level where the response to one factor ceases and a second factor begins. The production functions generate response "envelopes" containing possible yields with diagonal lines represent response to Xi alone and the lines parallel to the X-axis represent response to salinity alone. A multiplicative model was also derived approximating the limiting behaviour for incorporation in a hydrochemical model. The multiplicative model was selected because the response function was required to be continuous. The hydrochemical model was a better predictor of field-measured water content and salt profiles than models based on an additive and compensative model of crop response to salinity and water stress.

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Kinikles, Dellena, and John McCartney. Hyperbolic Hydro-mechanical Model for Seismic Compression Prediction of Unsaturated Soils in the Funicular Regime. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/yunw7668.

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A semi-empirical elasto-plastic constitutive model with a hyperbolic stress-strain curve was developed with the goal of predicting the seismic compression of unsaturated sands in the funicular regime of the soil-water retention curve (SWRC) during undrained cyclic shearing. Using a flow rule derived from energy considerations, the evolution in plastic volumetric strain (seismic compression) was predicted from the plastic shear strains of the hysteretic hyperbolic stress-strain curve. The plastic volumetric strains are used to predict the changes in degree of saturation from phase relationships and changes in pore air pressure from Boyle’s and Henry’s laws. The degree of saturation was used to estimate changes in matric suction from the transient scanning paths of the SWRC. Changes in small-strain shear modulus estimated from changes in mean effective stress computed from the constant total stress and changes in pore air pressure, degree of saturation and matric suction, in turn affect the hyperbolic stress-strain curve’s shape and the evolution in plastic volumetric strain. The model was calibrated using experimental shear stress-strain backbone curves from drained cyclic simple shear tests and transient SWRC scanning path measurements from undrained cyclic simple shear tests. Then the model predictions were validated using experimental data from undrained cyclic simple shear tests on unsaturated sand specimens with different initial degrees of saturation in the funicular regime. While the model captured the coupled evolution in hydro-mechanical variables (pore air pressure, pore water pressure, matric suction, degree of saturation, volumetric strain, effective stress, shear modulus) well over the first 15 cycles of shearing, the predictions were less accurate after continued cyclic shearing up to 200 cycles. After large numbers of cycles of undrained shearing, a linear decreasing trend between seismic compression and initial degree of saturation was predicted from the model while a nonlinear increasing-decreasing trend was observed in the cyclic simple shear experiments. This discrepancy may be due to not considering post shearing reconsolidation in the model, calibration of model parameters, or experimental issues including a drift in the position of the hysteretic shear-stress strain curve. Nonetheless, the trend from the model is consistent with predictions from previously- developed empirical models in the funicular regime of the SWRC. The developments of the new mechanistic model developed in this study will play a key role in the future development of a holistic model for predicting the seismic compression across all regimes of the SWRC.

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Agassi, Menahem, Michael J. Singer, Eyal Ben-Dor, Naftaly Goldshleger, Donald Rundquist, Dan Blumberg, and Yoram Benyamini. Developing Remote Sensing Based-Techniques for the Evaluation of Soil Infiltration Rate and Surface Roughness. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7586479.bard.

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The objective of this one-year project was to show whether a significant correlation can be established between the decreasing infiltration rate of the soil, during simulated rainstorm, and a following increase in the reflectance of the crusting soil. The project was supposed to be conducted under laboratory conditions, using at least three types of soils from each country. The general goal of this work was to develop a method for measuring the soil infiltration rate in-situ, solely from the reflectance readings, using a spectrometer. Loss of rain and irrigation water from cultivated fields is a matter of great concern, especially in arid, semi-arid regions, e.g. much of Israel and vast area in US, where water is a limiting factor for crop production. A major reason for runoff of rain and overhead irrigation water is the structural crust that is generated over a bare soils surface during rainfall or overhead irrigation events and reduces its infiltration rate (IR), considerably. IR data is essential for predicting the amount of percolating rainwater and runoff. Available information on in situ infiltration rate and crust strength is necessary for the farmers to consider: when it is necessary to cultivate for breaking the soil crust, crust strength and seedlings emergence, precision farming, etc. To date, soil IR is measured in the laboratory and in small-scale field plots, using rainfall simulators. This method is tedious and consumes considerable resources. Therefore, an available, non-destructive-in situ methods for soil IR and soil crusting levels evaluations, are essential for the verification of infiltration and runoff models and the evaluation of the amount of available water in the soil. In this research, soil samples from the US and Israel were subjected to simulated rainstorms of increasing levels of cumulative energies, during which IR (crusting levels) were measured. The soils from the US were studied simultaneously in the US and in Israel in order to compare the effect of the methodology on the results. The soil surface reflectance was remotely measured, using laboratory and portable spectrometers in the VIS-NIR and SWIR spectral region (0.4-2.5mm). A correlation coefficient spectra in which the wavelength, consisting of the higher correlation, was selected to hold the highest linear correlation between the spectroscopy and the infiltration rate. There does not appear to be a single wavelength that will be best for all soils. The results with the six soils in both countries indeed showed that there is a significant correlation between the infiltration rate of crusted soils and their reflectance values. Regarding the wavelength with the highest correlation for each soil, it is likely that either a combined analysis with more then one wavelength or several "best" wavelengths will be found that will provide useful data on soil surface condition and infiltration rate. The product of this work will serve as a model for predicting infiltration rate and crusting levels solely from the reflectance readings. Developing the aforementioned methodologies will allow increased utilization of rain and irrigation water, reduced runoff, floods and soil erosion hazards, reduced seedlings emergence problems and increased plants stand and yields.

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