Готові списки джерел за темами / Seep gas

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Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 7 вересня 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Seep gas"

1

Zhang, Wei, Jinqiang Liang, Qianyong Liang, Jiangong Wei, Zhifeng Wan, Junxi Feng, Wei Huang, et al. "Gas Hydrate Accumulation and Occurrence Associated with Cold Seep Systems in the Northern South China Sea: An Overview." Geofluids 2021 (October 5, 2021): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5571150.

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Анотація:
Studying deep-water cold seep systems is of great significance to gas hydrate exploration due to their close relationship. Various cold seep systems and related gas hydrate accumulations have been discovered in the northern South China Sea in the past three decades. Based on high-resolution seismic data, subbottom profiles, in situ submergence observations, deep drilling and coring, and hydrate gas geochemical analyses, the geological and geophysical characteristics of these cold seep systems and their associated gas hydrate accumulations in the Qiongdongnan Basin, the Shenhu area, the Dongsha area, and the Taixinan Basin have been investigated. Cold seep systems are present in diverse stages of evolution and exhibit various seabed microgeomorphic, geological, and geochemical features. Active cold seep systems with a large amount of gas leakage, gas plumes, and microbial communities and inactive cold seep systems with authigenic carbonate pavements are related to the variable intensity of the gas-bearing fluid, which is usually derived from the deep strata through mud diapirs, mud volcanoes, gas chimneys, and faults. Gas hydrates are usually precipitated in cold seep vents and deeper vertical fluid migration pathways, indicating that deep gas-bearing fluid activities control the formation and accumulation of gas hydrates. The hydrocarbons collected from cold seep systems and their associated gas hydrate reservoirs are generally mixtures of biogenic gas and thermogenic gas, the origin of which is generally consistent with that of deep conventional gas. We also discuss the paragenetic relationship between the gas-bearing fluid and the seafloor morphology of cold seeps and the deep-shallow coupling of gas hydrates, cold seeps, and deep petroleum reservoirs. It is reasonable to conclude that the deep petroleum systems and gas-bearing fluid activity jointly control the development of cold seep systems and the accumulation of gas hydrates in the northern South China Sea. Therefore, the favorable areas for conventional oil and gas enrichment are also prospective areas for exploring active cold seeps and gas hydrates.
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2

Zhang, Wei, Jinqiang Liang, Qianyong Liang, Jiangong Wei, Zhifeng Wan, Junxi Feng, Wei Huang, et al. "Gas Hydrate Accumulation and Occurrence Associated with Cold Seep Systems in the Northern South China Sea: An Overview." Geofluids 2021 (October 5, 2021): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5571150.

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Анотація:
Studying deep-water cold seep systems is of great significance to gas hydrate exploration due to their close relationship. Various cold seep systems and related gas hydrate accumulations have been discovered in the northern South China Sea in the past three decades. Based on high-resolution seismic data, subbottom profiles, in situ submergence observations, deep drilling and coring, and hydrate gas geochemical analyses, the geological and geophysical characteristics of these cold seep systems and their associated gas hydrate accumulations in the Qiongdongnan Basin, the Shenhu area, the Dongsha area, and the Taixinan Basin have been investigated. Cold seep systems are present in diverse stages of evolution and exhibit various seabed microgeomorphic, geological, and geochemical features. Active cold seep systems with a large amount of gas leakage, gas plumes, and microbial communities and inactive cold seep systems with authigenic carbonate pavements are related to the variable intensity of the gas-bearing fluid, which is usually derived from the deep strata through mud diapirs, mud volcanoes, gas chimneys, and faults. Gas hydrates are usually precipitated in cold seep vents and deeper vertical fluid migration pathways, indicating that deep gas-bearing fluid activities control the formation and accumulation of gas hydrates. The hydrocarbons collected from cold seep systems and their associated gas hydrate reservoirs are generally mixtures of biogenic gas and thermogenic gas, the origin of which is generally consistent with that of deep conventional gas. We also discuss the paragenetic relationship between the gas-bearing fluid and the seafloor morphology of cold seeps and the deep-shallow coupling of gas hydrates, cold seeps, and deep petroleum reservoirs. It is reasonable to conclude that the deep petroleum systems and gas-bearing fluid activity jointly control the development of cold seep systems and the accumulation of gas hydrates in the northern South China Sea. Therefore, the favorable areas for conventional oil and gas enrichment are also prospective areas for exploring active cold seeps and gas hydrates.
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3

Terentieva, Irina, Ilya Filippov, Aleksandr Sabrekov, and Mikhail Glagolev. "Mapping Onshore CH4 Seeps in Western Siberian Floodplains Using Convolutional Neural Network." Remote Sensing 14, no. 11 (June 2, 2022): 2661. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14112661.

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Onshore seeps are recognized as strong sources of methane (CH4), the second most important greenhouse gas. Seeps actively emitting CH4 were recently found in floodplains of West Siberian rivers. Despite the origin of CH4 in these seeps is not fully understood, they can make substantial contribution in regional greenhouse gas emission. We used high-resolution satellite Sentinel-2 imagery to estimate seep areas at a regional scale. Convolutional neural network based on U-Net architecture was implemented to overcome difficulties with seep recognition. Ground-based field investigations and unmanned aerial vehicle footage were coupled to provide reliable training dataset. The seep areas were estimated at 2885 km2 or 1.5% of the studied region; most seep areas were found within the Ob’ river floodplain. The overall accuracy of the final map reached 86.1%. Our study demonstrates that seeps are widespread throughout the region and provides a basis to estimate seep CH4 flux in entire Western Siberia.
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4

Argentino, Claudio, Stefano Conti, Chiara Fioroni, and Daniela Fontana. "Evidences for Paleo-Gas Hydrate Occurrence: What We Can Infer for the Miocene of the Northern Apennines (Italy)." Geosciences 9, no. 3 (March 20, 2019): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9030134.

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Анотація:
The occurrence of seep-carbonates associated with shallow gas hydrates is increasingly documented in modern continental margins but in fossil sediments the recognition of gas hydrates is still challenging for the lack of unequivocal proxies. Here, we combined multiple field and geochemical indicators for paleo-gas hydrate occurrence based on present-day analogues to investigate fossil seeps located in the northern Apennines. We recognized clathrite-like structures such as thin-layered, spongy and vuggy textures and microbreccias. Non-gravitational cementation fabrics and pinch-out terminations in cavities within the seep-carbonate deposits are ascribed to irregularly oriented dissociation of gas hydrates. Additional evidences for paleo-gas hydrates are provided by the large dimensions of seep-carbonate masses and by the association with sedimentary instability in the host sediments. We report heavy oxygen isotopic values in the examined seep-carbonates up to +6‰ that are indicative of a contribution of isotopically heavier fluids released by gas hydrate decomposition. The calculation of the stability field of methane hydrates for the northern Apennine wedge-foredeep system during the Miocene indicated the potential occurrence of shallow gas hydrates in the upper few tens of meters of sedimentary column.
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5

Wan, Zhifeng, Chongmin Chen, Jinqiang Liang, Wei Zhang, Wei Huang, and Pibo Su. "Hydrochemical Characteristics and Evolution Mode of Cold Seeps in the Qiongdongnan Basin, South China Sea." Geofluids 2020 (January 7, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4578967.

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Анотація:
Submarine cold seeps have recently attracted significant attention and are among the most effective indicators of gas hydrate in the oceans. In this study, remotely operated vehicle (ROV) observations, seismic profiles, core sediments, bottom seawater, and fluid vented from cold seeps in the deep-water Qiongdongnan Basin were used to investigate the origin and evolution of cold seeps and their relationships with gas hydrate. At stations A, B, and C, inactive cold seeps with dead clams, cold seep leakage with live clams, and active cold seeps with a rich mussel presence, respectively, were observed. The salinity and Na+ and Cl- concentrations of the cold seeps were different from those of typical seawater owing to gas hydrate formation and decomposition and fluid originating from various depths. The main ion concentrations of the bottom seawater at stations B and C were higher than those at station A, indicating the substantial effects of low-salinity cold seep fluids from gas hydrate decomposition. The Na+-Cl-, K+-Cl-, Mg2+-Cl-, and Ca2+-Cl- diagrams and rare earth element distribution curves of the water samples were strongly affected by seawater. The concentrations of trace elements and their ratios to Cl- in the bottom seawater were high at the stations with cold seeps, suggesting the mixing of other fluids rich in those elements. Biochemical reactions may also have caused the chemical anomalies. Samples of HM-ROV-1 indicated a greater effect of upward cold seep fluids with higher B/Cl-, Sr/Cl-, and Ba/Cl- values. Moreover, the Re/Cl- value varied between fluid vents, possibly due to differences in Re precipitation strength. Differences in cold seep intensity are also believed to occur between areas. The cold seep fluxes changed from large to small before finally disappearing, showing a close connection with gas hydrate formation and decomposition, and influenced the local topography and ecosystems.
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6

Rychert, Kevin M., and Thomas C. Weber. "Acoustic measurements of a controlled gas seep." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 141, no. 5 (May 2017): 3524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4987427.

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7

Sideleva, V. G., and T. Ya Sitnikova. "Differentiation of communities of macroinvertebrates and cottoid fish associated with methane seeps of different bottom landscapes of Lake Baikal." Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS 325, no. 4 (December 21, 2021): 469–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2021.325.4.469.

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The paper presents the results of the study of communities of macroinvertebrates and cottoid fish inhabiting methane seeps of Lake Baikal. For the analysis, we used video surveillance and collection of animals carried out with the help of "Mir" deep-water submersible, as well as NIOZ-type box-corer samplers from the board of a research vessel. Posolskaya Bank and Saint Petersburg methane seeps are located in different basins (southern and middle) and at different depths (300–500 m and ~ 1400 m), characterized by the different underwater landscapes (slope of underwater upland and hills formed by gas hydrates), by the structure of gas hydrates and their depth location in sediments, as well as the composition of microbial mats and communities of microorganisms of bottom sediments. Both seeps are characterized by bubble discharge of methane gas and the formation of highly productive communities of large invertebrates and cottoid fish on seep habitats. Seep animal communities consisted of species-depleted invertebrates and fish of the surrounding deep-water benthal of the Lake. We showed the similarities and differences in the composition of the faunas of two seeps, as well as the quantitative characteristics of taxonomic groups of macroinvertebrates and cottoid fishes. Obligate species have not been revealed on the methane seep Posolskaya Bank. For the methane seep Saint Petersburg, the gastropod species Kobeltocochlea tamarae Sitnikova, Teterina et Maximova, 2021 (Caenogastropoda: Benedictiidae) was designated as an obligate species; among bottom cottoid fishes, Neocottus werestschagini (Taliev, 1953) (Cottoidei: Abyssocottidae) had possible a transitional state to obligate. We presented the data on the assimilation by seep animals of mixed photo- and chemosynthetic food with different proportions of methane-derived carbon. A hypothesis has been substantiated that deep-water seep areas could serve as refugium for the preservation of endemic fauna during the Pliocene-Pleistocene glaciations of Lake Baikal.
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8

Mitchell, Garrett A., Larry A. Mayer, and Jamshid J. Gharib. "Bubble vent localization for marine hydrocarbon seep surveys." Interpretation 10, no. 1 (January 26, 2022): SB107—SB128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2021-0084.1.

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Анотація:
Commercial success of marine seep hunting exploration campaigns involves acquisition of high-quality bathymetry and backscatter along with targeted coring of shallow geochemical sampling of seep sediments. The sharp lateral chemical gradient encompassing seafloor seeps requires accurate identification of seep sites from high-resolution acoustic data. Active seafloor seeps featuring plumes of gas bubbles and oil droplets rising into the water column can be imaged with modern multibeam echosounders providing an effective approach to remotely characterizing seafloor seeps. Interpreting the seafloor position of gas plume emissions in multibeam data using existing mapping methodology is hindered by slow processing due to large files sizes, a manual “by eye” qualitative assessment of each sonar ping searching for plume anomalies, skill and fatigue of the geoscientist, and environmental or acquisition artifacts that can mask the precise location of gas emission on the seafloor. These limitations of midwater backscatter mapping create a qualitative data set with varying inherent positional errors that can lead to missed or incorrect observations about seep-related seafloor features and processes. By vertically integrating midwater multibeam amplitude samples, a 2D midwater backscatter raster can be generated and draped over seafloor morphology, providing a quantitative synoptic overview of the spatial distribution of gas plume emission sites for more refined seafloor interpretation. We reprocess multibeam midwater data set from NOAA Cruise EX1402L2 in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico using a vertical amplitude stacking technique. Constructed midwater backscatter surfaces are compared with digitized plume positions collected during the survey for a comparison into assessing uncertainty in mapping approaches. Our results show that the accuracy of manually digitizing gas emission sites varies considerably when compared with the midwater backscatter amplitude maps. This quantitative plume mapping technique offers multiple advantages over traditional geopicking from cost effectiveness, offshore efficiency, repeatability, and higher accuracy, ultimately improving the detectability and sampling of active seafloor seeps through precisely located cores.
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9

Dando, P. R., S. C. M. O'Hara, S. J. Niven, U. Schuster, L. J. Taylor, and P. Jensen. "The effects of methane seepage at an intertidal/shallow subtidal site on the shore of the Kattegat, Vendsyssel, Denmark." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 41 (March 30, 1994): 65–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.37570/bgsd-1995-41-07.

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Анотація:
The effects of methane gas seepage were studied at an intertidal/shallow subtidal site on the Kattegat coast of Denmark. A 30 m wide zone, containing approximately 65 gas seeps, extended over 70 m seawards from the shore. This was characterised by the presence of slabs, pavement and small pillars of carbonate-cemented sandstone which formed a partially buried reef. The escaping gas contained 91-100% methane with some carbon dioxide, 0.6--0.9%, and hydrogen sulphide. The hydrogen sulphide concentration varied over time and between individual seeps. Gas flow rates of individual seeps ranged up to 211 h-1 and the estimated total flow was 110 I h-1• Seeps were often stopped by sand movement, but the overall gas flow from the site appeared to be constant. The escaping gas generated an interstitial water circulation and drew overlying seawater into the sediment. Water pumped out by the seeps was enriched in phosphate and ammonia. Sulphate reduction rates in the seep area were 1.1-17.1 m moles sulphate reduced and aerobic methane oxidation rates were 0.2 - 5.5 m moles methane consumed m-2 day-1• The composition of the flora and fauna surrounding the seeps was affected by the presence of hard substrate (the cemented sandstone). Epifauna was more abundant in the seep zone than else­where, whereas the macrobenthic infauna was reduced in the seep zone, possibly due to the cementation. The sediment was almost devoid of meiobenthic organisms, except nematodes. Nematode species numbers, abundance and biomass were lower at the seeps than 5-20 cm away. The nematode fauna penetrated deeper into the sediment close to the seeps than at the seeps themselves. This is explained by the interstitial water circulation at and close to the seeps. 14C measurements showed that little methane carbon was entering the food web surrounding the seeps.
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10

Ruff, S. Emil, Jennifer F. Biddle, Andreas P. Teske, Katrin Knittel, Antje Boetius, and Alban Ramette. "Global dispersion and local diversification of the methane seep microbiome." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 13 (March 16, 2015): 4015–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1421865112.

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Анотація:
Methane seeps are widespread seafloor ecosystems shaped by the emission of gas from seabed reservoirs. The microorganisms inhabiting methane seeps transform the chemical energy in methane to products that sustain rich benthic communities around the gas leaks. Despite the biogeochemical relevance of microbial methane removal at seeps, the global diversity and dispersion of seep microbiota remain unknown. Here we determined the microbial diversity and community structure of 23 globally distributed methane seeps and compared these to the microbial communities of 54 other seafloor ecosystems, including sulfate–methane transition zones, hydrothermal vents, coastal sediments, and deep-sea surface and subsurface sediments. We found that methane seep communities show moderate levels of microbial richness compared with other seafloor ecosystems and harbor distinct bacterial and archaeal taxa with cosmopolitan distribution and key biogeochemical functions. The high relative sequence abundance of ANME (anaerobic methanotrophic archaea), as well as aerobic Methylococcales, sulfate-reducing Desulfobacterales, and sulfide-oxidizing Thiotrichales, matches the most favorable microbial metabolisms at methane seeps in terms of substrate supply and distinguishes the seep microbiome from other seafloor microbiomes. The key functional taxa varied in relative sequence abundance between different seeps due to the environmental factors, sediment depth and seafloor temperature. The degree of endemism of the methane seep microbiome suggests a high local diversification in these heterogeneous but long-lived ecosystems. Our results indicate that the seep microbiome is structured according to metacommunity processes and that few cosmopolitan microbial taxa mediate the bulk of methane oxidation, with global relevance to methane emission in the ocean.
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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Seep gas"

1

Miyajima, Yusuke. "Origin of methane at ancient methane seeps inferred from organic geochemical signatures in seep carbonates." Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/232261.

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2

Lapham, Laura L. Martens Christopher S. "In situ measurements of methane cycling in cold seep sediments containing gas hydrates and brines." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,795.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Dec. 18, 2007). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Marine Sciences." Discipline: Marine Sciences; Department/School: Marine Sciences.
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3

Vardaro, Michael Fredric. "Temporal changes in gas hydrate mound topography and ecology: deep-sea time-lapse camera observations." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/541.

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Анотація:
A deep-sea time-lapse camera and several temperature probes were deployed on the Gulf of Mexico continental shelf at a biological community associated with a gas hydrate outcropping to study topographic and hydrologic changes over time. The deployment site, Bush Hill (GC 185), is located at 27°47.5' N and 91°15.0' W at depths of ~540m. The digital camera recorded one still image every six hours for three months in 2001, every two hours for the month of June 2002 and every six hours for the month of July 2002. Temperature probes were in place at the site for the entire experimental period. The data recovered provide a record of processes that occur at gas hydrate mounds. Biological activity was documented by identifying the fauna observed in the time-lapse record and recording the number of individuals and species in each image. 1,381 individual organisms representing 16 species were observed. Sediment resuspension and redistribution were regular occurrences during the deployment periods. By digitally analyzing the luminosity of the water column above the mound and plotting the results over time, the turbidity at the site was quantified. A significant diurnal pattern can be seen in both luminosity and temperature records, indicating a possible tidal or inertial component to deep-sea currents in this area. Contrary to expectations, there was no major change in shape or size of the gas hydrate outcrop at this site on the time frame of this study. This indicates that this particular mound was more stable than suggested by laboratory studies and prior in situ observations. The stable topography of the gas hydrate mound combined with high bacterial activity and sediment turnover appears to focus benthic predatory activity in the mound area. The frequency and recurrence of sediment resuspension indicates that short-term change in the depth and distribution of surface sediments is a feature of the benthos at the site. Because the sediment interface is a critical environment for hydrocarbon oxidation and chemosynthesis, short-term variability and heterogeneity may be important characteristics of these settings.
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4

Mills, Heath Jordan. "Microbial diversity in sediments and gas hydrates associated with cold seeps in the Gulf of Mexico." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2004. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-07072004-215909/unrestricted/Mills%5FHeath%5FJ%5F200407%5Fphd.pdf.

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Анотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. Directed by Patricia Sobecky.
Frank Loeffler, Committee Member ; Roger Wartell, Committee Member ; Joseph Montoya, Committee Member ; Thomas DiChristina, Committee Member ; Patricia Sobecky, Committee Chair. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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5

Nicoll, Grant Douglas. "Evaluation of the Nordland Group overburden as an effective seal for the Sleipner CO2 storage site (offshore Norway) using analytical and stochastic modelling techniques." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7813.

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Анотація:
Saline aquifers and depleted hydrocarbon fields situated beneath the North Sea are currently being proposed as storage repositories for anthropogenic CO2 captured from point source emitters in the UK and mainland Europe. Two experimental sites are already operating successfully offshore Norway: Sleipner since 1996 and Snøhvit since 2007, collectively storing several million tonnes of CO2/year in the sub-surface. Despite the apparent success of these current projects, one of the major public and scientific concerns is the ability of storage sites to retain CO2 on the millennial timescales required for CO2 plume stabilisation and dissolution. Some areas of the North Sea are also known to contain palaeo-gas seepage pathways within overburden sediments that overlie deeper hydrocarbon reservoirs (e.g. Witch Ground Graben). These areas either need to be avoided for CO2 storage or rigorously assessed in terms of leakage risk. Since the Sleipner storage site lies within such a province, this thesis delivers a detailed evaluation of the Nordland Group overburden and a critical assessment of its long-term sealing capability for CO2. From interpretation and detailed mapping of a baseline 3D seismic dataset (acquired before CO2 injection operations commenced in 1996), we have identified numerous palaeo-migration pathways and high-amplitude seismic anomalies within the Nordland Group overburden sediments deposited above the Sleipner CO2 storage site. We attributed these features to thermogenic or biogenic gas migration, accumulation and bio-degradation over geological time. We also mapped a complex network of sand-filled, glacial channels and tunnel valleys distributed within a few hundred metres below seabed and highlighted their significance as potential fluid migration networks and/or secondary storage containment for leaking CO2. Of further significance, we confirmed that these overburden features also create spatial density variations that impact on the accuracy of seismic time-depth conversions, resulting in the probability of topographic distortions being propagated into seismic interpretations and models. To the best of our knowledge no such detailed mapping of the Nordland Group overburden at Sleipner has been undertaken previously. To determine whether the top layer of the CO2 plume at Sleipner might encounter these relict pathways as it ascends and migrates laterally beneath the caprock, we evaluated the critical column heights required for a CO2 accumulation to enter such a pathway under a range of storage conditions for a CH4/CO2/brine system; assuming that these pathways currently contain methane gas. Risking scenarios were based on a range of phase saturation, pressure, temperature, density, viscosity, interfacial tension and wettability conditions likely to be encountered at depths commensurate with the caprock at Sleipner. We concluded that given certain conditions at the caprock, CO2 could leak more easily into palaeo-migration pathways than CH4 (i.e. at lower entry pressures and therefore smaller column heights), assuming that brine densities and, most importantly, pore radii have not changed significantly over geological time (i.e. no cementation or dissolution has taken place). To further understand the dynamic significance of these palaeo-migration pathways, channels and tunnel valleys, including their ability to form inter-connected leakage/migration networks, we constructed a series of high-resolution 3D models of the Sleipner storage site and overburden, then used stochastic basin modelling and simulation techniques to investigate the processes involved during the introduction of CO2 into the storage site over a prolonged time period. Models were populated with geological, stratigraphic and structural information derived from our seismic interpretation. Flow simulations were calibrated to published data and matched to the present-day plume distribution. The absence of observational reservoir pressure and temperature data from Sleipner introduces significant uncertainty to model outcomes with respect to CO2 density and column height estimates and to surmount this difficulty we constrained the caprock temperature to CO2 density estimates obtained from the most recent gravity data observations at Sleipner. We concluded that the overburden heterogeneity is significant and palaeo-migration pathways, highpermeability channels and tunnel valleys at Sleipner may become potential migration pathways for CO2 as the plume continues to spread laterally over the coming decade, but the possible storage response is difficult to quantify given the absence of sufficient overburden rock property information and accurate pressure and temperature data for the storage site. The overall conclusion from this work is that insufficient information was collected within the Sleipner area prior to storage site development and too many significant studies which should have been performed as a pre-requisite (e.g. obtaining a caprock sample for laboratory testing of potential seal capacity), were actually performed some years after CO2 injection operations had already commenced. The pressure and temperature conditions at the caprock depth for the Sleipner storage site are also marginal in terms of maintaining CO2 above critical point conditions in dense phase and thus maximising storage efficiency. Most significantly, no rigorous overburden mapping and risking was performed for Sleipner (such as the work described in this thesis), thus the fact that no leakage has been detected at Sleipner is more due to good fortune than following best practices. Hopefully, our work has highlighted these key deficiencies so that future CO2 storage site feasibility and development studies will be performed more diligently.
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6

Lefeuvre, Nicolas. "Nouvelles méthodes d'exploration des ressources en hydrogène naturel (H2) : Le cas d'école du piémont Pyrénéen occidental." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022GRALU009.

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L’existence de fluides géologiques riches en hydrogène (H2) doit nécessairement faire l’objet de travaux d’exploration afin de statuer sur le potentiel énergétique de cette éventuelle ressource décarbonée. Depuis plus d’un siècle de nombreuses exhalations naturelles d’H2 ont été mis en évidence. Or à ce jour il n’existe aucun guide d’exploration basé sur une méthodologie et sur des indicateurs robustes. La détection d’occurrence gazeuse en surface correspond bien évidemment à l’approche la plus efficace et la plus rapide à mettre en œuvre pour identifier des flux. Il n’en reste pas moins qu’un flux ne constitue pas une ressource pour autant, puisqu’à ce jour, l’homme n’exploite que les stocks de ressources énergétiques fossiles. Il sera donc important de développer un guide d’exploration non pas orienté uniquement sur une problématique de surface, mais aussi sur des considérations géologiques profondes intégrant le système hydrogène dans son entier de la source au piège ou à la fuite dans l’atmosphère.Au cours de ce travail de thèse nous proposons d’utiliser le cadre géologique du piémont nord Pyrénéen pour élaborer un guide d’exploration. La compilation des données bibliographiques a révélé un contexte prometteur pour un système H2 du fait d’un lien entre sources profondes, chemins de migration crustale, dynamique de circulation de fluides, et pièges sédimentaires. En effet le nord-ouest des Pyrénées et plus particulièrement le Bassin Mauléon est caractérisé par la présence i) d’un corps mantellique (<10 km) où les conditions pression-température sont favorables à la serpentinisation ; ii) d’accidents structuraux majeurs tels que le Chevauchement Frontal Nord Pyrénéens (CFNP) constituant des drains collecteurs de grande ampleur, iii) des gradients hydrauliques, conjugués à des gradients de température et de pressions qui permettent la mise en mouvement des fluides ; iv) des formations sédimentaires imperméables ou de couvertures comme les évaporites ou les argiles consitutant des pièges pour accumuler l’H2.Suite à cette étude préalable, nous avons mis en place une campagne d’analyses des gaz du sol (H2, CO2, 222Rn, O2, CH4) à l’échelle régionales. Cette campagne d’analyse réalisée sur plus de 7500 km2 a très vite permis de mettre en évidence une zone à très fortes anomalies en H2, CO2, et 222Rn sur le pourtour du Bassin de Mauléon. Cette découverte nous a permis de resserrer rapidement le maillage de prospection sur la partie nord du bassin de Mauléon. Une campagne d’analyses géochimiques et géophysiques a été réalisée à Sauveterre-de-Béarn afin de déterminer l’origine et le parcours des gaz à l’origine de cette anomalie. Sur la base de l'analyse des gaz du sol et des levés électromagnétiques, nous avons confirmé l'existence d'une faille drainant les fluides profonds. De plus, l’étude des données historiques des forages entrepris dans la région il y a plus de 50 ans, conjugué à une mise en perspective des dernières connaissances géologiques et géophysiques de la région, nous a permis de mettre en évidence des zones où l’H2 pourrait s’accumuler.Enfin une partie expérimentale de broyage de quartz et de roches de la région a été menée afin d’explorer de nouveaux mécanismes de production d’H2 le long des failles. Nous avons mis en évidence une très forte influence du rapport eau/roche (W/R) et du pH sur la production d’H2. Ces découvertes apportent un éclairage nouveau sur les mécanismes mécano-radicalaires de production d’H2 où la spéciation des sites des surface des minéraux sont des paramètres clés contrôlant la production d’H2. Nous révélons pour la première fois que le broyage du quartz en présence de solutions carbonatés induit la formation d’espèces carboxylates (formate, acétate, oxalate). En plus de produire de l’H2, les mécanismes mécano-radicalaires permettent donc de produire des espèces réduites du carbones pouvant constituer une source d’énergie pour les écosystèmes microbiens lithotrophe de subsurface
The existence of geological fluids rich in hydrogen (H2) rise the question about the energy potential of this carbon-free resource. For more than a century and throughout the world, numerous natural H2 seepages have been discovered. However, to date there is no exploration approach based on robust methodologies and pathfinders. The detection of H2 seepages at the surface is known to be the most ecient and straight forward approach to identify H2 flows. However, a gas flow does not necessarily constitute a resource, since to date, mankind only exploit reservoirs of fossil energy resources. Therefore, it is important to develop an exploration guide that is not only focusing on surface gas monitoring, but also considering a deep geological approach integrating the entire hydrogen system from source to trap or leakage into the atmosphere. Here, we propose to use the geological framework of the North Pyrenean foothills as a case study to develop this exploration guide. A literature review of the area revealed a promising geological setting for a H2 system due to a strong link between putative deep H2 sources, crustal-scale migration pathways, fluid circulation dynamics, and sedimentary traps. Indeed, the northwestern Pyrenees and particularly the Maul´eon Basin is characterised by the presence of i) an ultramafic mantle body located less than 10 km depth and under pressure-temperature conditions favourable to serpentinisation ; ii) major faults such as the North Pyrenean Frontal Thrust (NPFT) constituting large-scale flow convergence and drainage, iii) hydraulic gradients due to the presence of strong reliefs, combined with temperature and pressure gradients that trigger fluids ; iv) impermeable sedimentary formations or caprocks such as evaporites or claystones overlying porous reservoir rocks that can constitute traps for accumulating H2.Following this preliminary geological survey, we set up a soil gas exploration campaign (H2, CO2, 222Rn, O2, CH4) at the regional scale. These field measurments, carried out over more than 7,500 km2, revealed several hotspots with very high H2, CO2 and 222Rn concentrations anomalies around the Maul´eon Basin. This discovery allowed us to refine the mesh of the prospecting grid to the northern part of the Maul´eon Basin around the locality of Sauveterre-de-Béarn. Geochemical and geophysical measurements were carried out at Sauveterre-de-B´earn to determine the source and migration path of the gases at the origin of this anomaly. Based on soil gas analysis and electromagnetic surveys, we confirmed the existence of a fault draining deep fluids. In addition, the study of historical data from drilling carried out in the region more than fifty years ago, combined with the latest geological and geophysical knowledge of the region, enabled us to highlight zones where H2 could accumulate.Finally, an experimental part of comminution of quartz and rocks from the region was carried out in order to explore the reaction mechanisms of H2 production in active fault zones. We reveal the very strong influence of the water/rock ratio (W/R) and pH on H2 production. These findings shed new light on the mechano-radical mechanisms of H2 production where the efficiency of grinding as well as the speciation of mineral surface sites are key parameters controlling H2 production. We reveal for the first time that grinding of quartz in the presence of carbonate solutions induces the formation of carboxylate species (formate, acetate, oxalate). In addition to producing H2, the mechano-radical mechanisms thus allow the production of reduced carbon species that can constitute an energy source for subsurface lithotrophic microbial ecosystems
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7

Allstaff, E. J. "Gas/liquid separation in an I-SEP cyclone." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2002. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/10724.

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An extensive experimental programme tested an l-SEP unit with air and water. This provided data on the separation efficiency and pressure drop across the l- SEP, as they varied with changing inlet conditions, geometry and outlet restrictions. The main conclusion from this work is that the resistance on the outlets directly affects the efficiency of the separator. Although it is possible to optimise the performance by changing 'the geometry, a small change in inlet conditions, common in oil and gas applications, causes the performance to change. _By using an identified relationship between the differential pressure and the operating conditions, an optimum performance over a much wider range of inlet conditions can be achieved. This work has contributed to the field of gas/liquid separation in axial-flow cyclones by demonstrating that manipulating the differential pressure between the outlets can control the separation efficiency. The relationship developed between the optimum differential pressure and the inlet conditions has not been identified in any of the literature available at the time of this work.
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8

Allstaff, Ewan James. "Gas/liquid separation in an I-SEP cyclone." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2002. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/10724.

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Анотація:
An extensive experimental programme tested an l-SEP unit with air and water. This provided data on the separation efficiency and pressure drop across the l- SEP, as they varied with changing inlet conditions, geometry and outlet restrictions. The main conclusion from this work is that the resistance on the outlets directly affects the efficiency of the separator. Although it is possible to optimise the performance by changing 'the geometry, a small change in inlet conditions, common in oil and gas applications, causes the performance to change. _By using an identified relationship between the differential pressure and the operating conditions, an optimum performance over a much wider range of inlet conditions can be achieved. This work has contributed to the field of gas/liquid separation in axial-flow cyclones by demonstrating that manipulating the differential pressure between the outlets can control the separation efficiency. The relationship developed between the optimum differential pressure and the inlet conditions has not been identified in any of the literature available at the time of this work.
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9

Schuster, Ute. "Microbial methane oxidation in marine sediment around intertidal gas seeps." Thesis, University of Essex, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241218.

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10

Harrison, Bridget Mae. "EROSION FROM A CROSS COUNTRY GAS PIPELINE IN THE CENTRAL APPALACHIANS." OpenSIUC, 2011. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/737.

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Increasing energy demand, coupled with the recent emphasis on domestic production, has resulted in an increase in natural gas exploration and pipeline construction in the central Appalachian region. Very little is known about the effects of natural gas pipeline construction on sediment production. The goals of this project were to measure erosion and examine the effects of vegetation and precipitation characteristics on erosion on a newly constructed pipeline in the Fernow Experimental Forest in West Virginia. The study explored whether seed rate, slope class, or aspect, influenced erosion. The cross country pipeline was buried beneath the surface on study hillslopes ranging from 30-68% and beneath a less steep segment with slopes ranging from 18-26%. A mixture of native herbaceous-plant seeds and straw mulch were applied following construction. Two different seeding rates were applied to compare vegetative recovery and to determine if increasing the seed rate would decrease erosion. A 1-time seed rate, or the normal Forest Service application rate, and a 3-time seed rate (1-time + twice that rate) were tested. Two aspects (northwest-facing and southeast-facing) and four precipitation variables (30-minute maximum intensity, duration, total rainfall amount, and time since last event) were defined. Sediment concentrations were compared for differences between two slopes, two seed rates, and two aspect classes. Precipitation variables were analyzed to identify those that could explain significant amounts of the variability in erosion from the pipeline. The 1-time seed rate sections produced less sediment than the 3-time seed rate sections, but this was probably more a function of subsurface flow differences associated with the sections seeded with the lighter rate and the water bar construction. Precipitation intensity explained the most variability in erosion. Study sites with gentler slopes produced less sediment than the steeper sections, as expected. As vegetation became established, sediment concentrations decreased for all study sections and reached low and relatively constant levels by approximately the end of August 2009.
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Книги з теми "Seep gas"

1

Hayes, Lee. The bad seed. New York: Strebor Books, 2011.

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2

Seel, Pierre. Moi, Pierre Seel, déporté homosexuel. Paris: Calmann-Lévy, 1994.

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3

John, Webb. Betting on the future: Russia's oil companies seek to realize their gas potential. Cambridge, Mass: CERA, 2003.

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4

Last seen leaving. New York: Feiwel & Friends, 2016.

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5

Jean, Le Bitoux, ed. I, Pierre Seel, deported homosexual: A memoir of Nazi terror. New York: Basic Books, 1995.

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6

Seel, Pierre. I, Pierre Seel, deported homosexual: A memoir of Nazi terror. New York: Basic Books, 1995.

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7

See Dick deconstruct: Literotica for the satirically bent. San Francisco: AttaGirl Press, 2001.

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8

Christoph, Stork, ed. The venture capital gap: Selected issues for the seed and early stages. Ausspannplatz, Windhoek, Namibia: Namibian Economic Policy Research Unit, 2005.

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9

Gans, Evelien, and Remco Ensel, eds. The Holocaust, Israel and 'the Jew'. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789089648488.

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This book is the first comprehensive study of postwar antisemitism in the Netherlands. It focuses on the way stereotypes are passed on from one decade to the next, as reflected in public debates, the mass media, protests and commemorations, and everyday interactions. The Holocaust, Israel and 'the Jew' explores the ways in which old stories and phrases relating to 'the stereotypical Jew' are recycled and modified for new uses, linking the antisemitism of the early postwar years to its enduring manifestations in today's world. The Dutch case is interesting because of the apparent contrast between the Netherlands' famous tradition of tolerance and the large numbers of Jews who were deported and murdered in the Second World War. The book sheds light on the dark side of this so-called 'Dutch paradox,' in manifestations of aversion and guilt after 1945. In this context, the abusive taunt 'They forgot to gas you' can be seen as the first radical expression of postwar antisemitism as well as an indication of how the Holocaust came to be turned against the Jews. The identification of 'the Jew' with the gas chamber spread from the streets to football stadiums, and from verbal abuse to pamphlet and protest. The slogan 'Hamas, Hamas all the Jews to the gas' indicates that Israel became a second marker of postwar antisemitism. The chapters cover themes including soccer-related antisemitism, Jewish responses, philosemitism, antisemitism in Dutch-Moroccan and Dutch- Turkish communities, contentious acts of remembrance, the neo-Nazi tradition, and the legacy of Theo van Gogh. The book concludes with a lengthy epilogue on 'the Jew' in the politics of the radical right, the attacks in Paris in 2015, and the refugee crisis. The stereotype of 'the Jew' appears to be transferable to other minorities. Now also available as paperback!
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10

Gans, Evelien, and Remco Ensel, eds. The Holocaust, Israel and 'the Jew'. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462986084.

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This book is the first comprehensive study of postwar antisemitism in the Netherlands. It focuses on the way stereotypes are passed on from one decade to the next, as reflected in public debates, the mass media, protests and commemorations, and everyday interactions. The Holocaust, Israel and 'the Jew' explores the ways in which old stories and phrases relating to 'the stereotypical Jew' are recycled and modified for new uses, linking the antisemitism of the early postwar years to its enduring manifestations in today's world. The Dutch case is interesting because of the apparent contrast between the Netherlands' famous tradition of tolerance and the large numbers of Jews who were deported and murdered in the Second World War. The book sheds light on the dark side of this so-called 'Dutch paradox,' in manifestations of aversion and guilt after 1945. In this context, the abusive taunt 'They forgot to gas you' can be seen as the first radical expression of postwar antisemitism as well as an indication of how the Holocaust came to be turned against the Jews. The identification of 'the Jew' with the gas chamber spread from the streets to football stadiums, and from verbal abuse to pamphlet and protest. The slogan 'Hamas, Hamas all the Jews to the gas' indicates that Israel became a second marker of postwar antisemitism. The chapters cover themes including soccer-related antisemitism, Jewish responses, philosemitism, antisemitism in Dutch-Moroccan and Dutch- Turkish communities, contentious acts of remembrance, the neo-Nazi tradition, and the legacy of Theo van Gogh. The book concludes with a lengthy epilogue on 'the Jew' in the politics of the radical right, the attacks in Paris in 2015, and the refugee crisis. The stereotype of 'the Jew' appears to be transferable to other minorities.
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Частини книг з теми "Seep gas"

1

Jones, R. W. "Preliminary Observations on Benthonic Foramininera Associated with Biogenic Gas Seep in the North Sea." In Applied Micropalaeontology, 69–91. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0763-3_3.

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2

Argentino, Claudio, Alessandra Savini, and Giuliana Panieri. "Integrating Fine-Scale Habitat Mapping and Pore Water Analysis in Cold Seep Research: A Case Study from the SW Barents Sea." In World Atlas of Submarine Gas Hydrates in Continental Margins, 505–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81186-0_43.

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3

Giavarini, Carlo, and Keith Hester. "Hydrates Seen as a Problem for the Oil and Gas Industry." In Gas Hydrates, 97–116. London: Springer London, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-956-7_7.

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4

Scalabrin, Carla, and Stéphanie Dupré. "Water Column Acoustics: Remote Detection of Gas Seeps." In Gas Hydrates 2, 11–20. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119451174.ch1.

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5

Etiope, Giuseppe. "Seeps in the Ancient World: Myths, Religions, and Social Development." In Natural Gas Seepage, 183–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14601-0_9.

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6

Kleindienst, Sara, and Katrin Knittel. "Anaerobic Hydrocarbon-Degrading Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria at Marine Gas and Oil Seeps." In Marine Hydrocarbon Seeps, 21–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34827-4_2.

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7

Dettmar, Ralf-Jürgen, Jörn Rossa, Michael Dahlem, and Roeland van der Marel. "Diffuse Ionized Gas Halos Seen with HST." In The Impact of HST on European Astronomy, 161–63. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3400-7_29.

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8

Kennicutt, Mahlon C. "Oil and Gas Seeps in the Gulf of Mexico." In Habitats and Biota of the Gulf of Mexico: Before the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill, 275–358. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3447-8_5.

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9

Faur, Eleonor. "A Widening Gap? The Political and Social Organization of Childcare in Argentina." In Seen, Heard and Counted, 93–120. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118297261.ch5.

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10

Peacock, Malcolm, Aikaterini Fragaki, and Bogdan J. Matuszewski. "Review of Heat Demand Time Series Generation for Energy System Modelling." In Springer Proceedings in Energy, 53–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63916-7_7.

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AbstractNational heat demand time series are important inputs into national energy system models. Although time series for primary fuel such as gas might be available, heat demand is not and measuring heat demand is only possible for individual buildings. Four different methods are used in this work to generate daily heat demand time series for Great Britain for 2016–2018 from temperature and windspeed and are validated against heat demand derived from national grid gas demand. All seem to model heat demand well.
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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Seep gas"

1

Mowzer, Z., and C. Motsoaledi. "Hydrocarbon Seep Hunting: Soil Gas Geochemical Sampling Application in the Karoo Basin, South Africa." In Fifth EAGE Eastern Africa Petroleum Geoscience Forum. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.2021605013.

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2

Corthay, J. E. "Delineation of a Massive Seafloor Hydrocarbon Seep, Overpressured Aquifer Sands, and Shallow Gas Reservoirs, Louisiana Continental Slope." In Offshore Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/8594-ms.

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3

Zhang, Shiping, and Litang Yan. "Development of an Efficient Oil Film Damper for Improving the Control of Rotor Vibration." In ASME 1990 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/90-gt-257.

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An efficient oil film damper known as porous squeeze film damper (PSFD) was developed for more effective and reliable vibration control of high speed rotors based on the conventional squeeze film damper (SFD). The outer race of the PSFD is made of permeable sintered porous metal materials. The permeability allows some of the oil to permeate into and seep out the porous matix, with remarkebly improvement of the squeeze film damping properties. The characteristics of PSFD oil film stiffness and damping coefficients and permeability, also, the steady state unbalance response of a simple rigid rotor and flexible Jeffcott’s rotor supported on PSFD and SFD are investigated. A typical experiment is presented. Investigations show that the nonlinear vibration characteristis of the unpressurized SFD system such as bistable jump phenomena and “lockup” at rotor pin–pin critical speeds could be avoided and virtually disappear under much greater unbalance level with properly designed PSFD system. PSFD has the potential advantages to operate effectively under relative large unbalance conditions.
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4

Leonova, L. V., A. I. Antoshkina, and Yu S. Simakova. "Specific minerals in bryozoan bioherms and polychaetian limestones (Kazanthip reserve, Crimea)." In All-Russia Lithological Meeting «Geology of reefs». Institute of Geology FRC Komi SC UB RAS, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19110/98491-013-71-73.

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The object of our research is the Kazantip Cape (Kerch Peninsula, Crimea). Its attraction is a ring-shaped rock massif composed of bryozoans previously considered to be a reef structure growing on the limbs of rising brachyanticline about 8 million years ago. Application of complex of investigating methods show that clay deposits underlying bryozoan structure are composed of expandable mixed-layered minerals, smectite, kaolinite, chlorite, illite with accessory minerals (zircon, monazite, ilmenite). These clays are the result of eruption of fossilized analogue of mud volcano. This process was accompanied by unloading of cold gas-fluid seepage. Specific mineralization (barite, celestine, strontianite, authigenic minerals of rare-earth elements and manganese) of bryozoan’s bioherms indicates that the seep process continued even after the waning of mud volcanism.
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5

Solomon, Evan A., Lauren Kowalski, and Theresa L. Whorley. "PERVASIVE SHALLOW SEAWATER CIRCULATION AT METHANE SEEPS – IMPLICATIONS FOR SEEP ECOSYSTEMS AND MARINE BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-307825.

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6

Brophy, Shannon, Alan Titus, Matthew Garb, Jone Naujokaityte, Donovan Harrynam, Neil Landman, James Cochran, and David Bottjer. "AMMONITES, SEEPS, ASH FALLS, AND OAE 2: PALEOECOLOGY OF COLD METHANE SEEP DEPOSITS IN THE CENOMANIAN-TURONIAN TROPIC SHALE OF SOUTHERN UTAH." In GSA Connects 2021 in Portland, Oregon. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2021am-370275.

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7

Belanger, Christina, and Joshua D. Laird. "COMMUNITY SUCCESSION IN CRETACEOUS COLD-SEEP FAUNAS: USING A GUILD-BASED MODERN-ANALOG APPROACH TO RECOGNIZE ECOLOGICAL PARALLELS WITH MODERN SEEPS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-319229.

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8

Dolphin, Glenn, Alex R. Dutchak, Brandon Karchewski, and Jonathan Cooper. "DEVELOPING VIRTUAL FIELD EXPERIENCES FOR UNDERGRADUATE GEOLOGY: HELPING STUDENTS "SEE WHAT A GEOLOGIST SEES"." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-303193.

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9

Curd, Emily Elizabeth, Caitlin Brown, and Anthony Friscia. "MICROBIAL SUCCESSION IN A TAR SEEP DECOMPOSITION ENVIRONMENT." In 116th Annual GSA Cordilleran Section Meeting - 2020. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020cd-344424.

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10

Senthil Kumaran, R., Kishor Kumar, and N. Poornima. "Experimental Study of Unsteady Pressure Fluctuations due to Tip Leakage Flows in an Axial Flow Turbine." In ASME 2017 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2017-4868.

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The tip leakage flow which is characterized by the blade tip vortex is a highly complex and unsteady phenomenon. It is of great interest to understand the unsteady pressure characteristics of tip leakage flow. The present study aims to focus on the unsteady pressure behavior caused by tip leakage flow of a single stage axial flow turbine. A series of experiments were carried out with a scaled up high work axial flow turbine in a Large Scale Rotating Rig to understand this unsteady pressure behavior. The pressure fluctuations were mapped at five axial locations on the casing across the rotor tip. Unsteady pressures were measured using calibrated fast response transducers. Measurements were phase-locked with the rotor. The pressure data was ensemble averaged and represented gross unsteadiness in the flow. Experiments were carried out over a range of flow coefficients (Cx/U) like 0.30, 0.32, 0.34 and 0.36. The blade pass frequency was the predominant one seen during the measurements. Mild influence of vane exit wake turbulence was also seen during the measurements. Constant speed flow coefficient variation did not seem to cause additional unsteadiness to the tip leakage flow.
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Звіти організацій з теми "Seep gas"

1

Weiss, David, and Neil Olszewski. Manipulation of GA Levels and GA Signal Transduction in Anthers to Generate Male Sterility. United States Department of Agriculture, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7580678.bard.

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The original objectives of the research were: i. To study the role of GA in anther development, ii. To manipulate GA and/or GA signal transduction levels in the anthers in order to generate male sterility. iii. To characterize the GA signal transduction repressor, SPY. Previous studies have suggested that gibberellins (GAs) are required for normal anther development. In this work, we studied the role of GA in the regulation of anther development in petunia. When plants were treated with the GA-biosynthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol, anther development was arrested. Microscopic analysis of these anthers revealed that paclobutrazol inhibits post-meiotic developmental processes. The treated anthers contained pollen grains but the connective tissue and tapetum cells were degenerated. The expression of the GA-induced gene, GIP, can be used in petunia as a molecular marker to: study GA responses. Analyses of GIP expression during anther development revealed that the gene is induced only after microsporogenesis. This observation further suggests a role for GA in the regulation of post-meiotic processes during petunia anther development. Spy acts as a negative regulator of gibberellin (GA) action in Arabidopsis. We cloned the petunia Spy homologue, PhSPY, and showed that it can complement the spy-3 mutation in Arabidopsis. Overexpression of Spy in transgenic petunia plants affected various GA-regulated processes, including seed germination, shoot elongation, flower initiation, flower development and the expression of a GA- induced gene, GIP. In addition, anther development was inhibited in the transgenic plants following microsporogenesis. The N-terminus of Spy contains tetratricopeptide repeats (TPR). TPR motifs participate in protein-protein interactions, suggesting that Spy is part of a multiprotein complex. To test this hypothesis, we over-expressed the SPY's TPR region without the catalytic domain in transgenic petunia and generated a dominant- negative Spy mutant. The transgenic seeds were able to germinate on paclobutrazol, suggesting an enhanced GA signal. Overexpression of PhSPY in wild type Arabidopsis did not affect plant stature, morphology or flowering time. Consistent with Spy being an O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), Spy expressed in insect cells was shown to O-GlcNAc modify itself. Consistent with O-GlcNAc modification playing a role in GA signaling, spy mutants had a reduction in the GlcNAc modification of several proteins. After treatment of the GA deficient, gal mutant, with GA3 the GlcNAc modification of proteins of the same size as those affected in spy mutants exhibited a reduction in GlcNAcylation. GA-induced GlcNAcase may be responsible for this de-GlcNAcylation because, treatment of gal with GA rapidly induced an increase in GlcNAcase activity. Several Arabidopsis proteins that interact with the TPR domain of Spy were identified using yeast two-hybrids screens. One of these proteins was GIGANTEA (GI). Consistent with GI and Spy functioning as a complex in the plant the spy-4 was epistatic to gi. These experiments also demonstrated that, in addition to its role in GA signaling, Spy functions in the light signaling pathways controlling hypocotyl elongation and photoperiodic induction of flowering. A second Arabidopsis OGT, SECRET AGENT (SCA), was discovered. Like SPY, SCA O-GlcNAc modifies itself. Although sca mutants do not exhibit dramatic phenotypes, spy/sca double mutants exhibit male and female gamete and embryo lethality, indicating that Spy and SCA have overlapping functions. These results suggest that O-GlcNAc modification is an essential modification in plants that has a role in multiple signaling pathways.
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2

Smith, I. R., S. E. Grasby, and L. S. Lane. An investigation of gas seeps and aquatic chemistry in Fisherman Lake, southwest Northwest Territories. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/220875.

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3

Blodgett, R. B., and K. H. Clautice. Oil and gas seeps of the Puale Bay - Becharof Lake - Wide Bay region, northern Alaska Peninsula. Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, September 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/7189.

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4

Reddy, Christopher, and Robert Nelson. Using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography to explore the geochemistry of the Santa Barbara oil seeps. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1070069.

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5

Agrawal, Asha Weinstein, and Hilary Nixon. What Do Americans Think About Federal Tax Options to Support Transportation? Results from Year Twelve of a National Survey. Mineta Transportation Institute, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2101.

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This report summarizes the results from the twelfth year of a national public opinion survey asking U.S. adults questions related to their views on federal transportation taxes. A nationally-representative sample of 2,516 respondents completed the online survey from February 5 to 23, 2021. The questions test public opinions about raising the federal gas tax rate, replacing the federal gas tax with a new mileage fee, and imposing a mileage fee just on commercial travel. In addition to asking directly about support for these tax options, the survey collected data on respondents’ views on the quality of their local transportation system, their priorities for federal transportation spending, their knowledge about gas taxes, their views on privacy and equity matters related to mileage fees, travel behavior, and standard sociodemographic variables. This large set of variables is used to identify personal characteristics and opinions correlated with support for the tax options. Key findings include that large majorities supported transportation improvements across modes and wanted to see the federal government work towards making the transportation system well maintained, safe, and equitable, as well as to reduce the system’s impact on climate change. Findings related to gas taxes include that only 2% of respondents knew that the federal gas tax rate had not been raised in more than 20 years, and 71% of respondents supported increasing the federal gas tax by 10 cents per gallon if the revenue would be dedicated to maintenance. With respect to mileage fees, roughly half of respondents supported some form of mileage fee, whether that was assessed on all travel or just on commercial travel, 62% believe that low-income drivers should pay a reduced mileage fee rate, and 52% think that electric vehicles should pay a lower rate than gas and diesel vehicles. The analysis of trends across the survey series, which has run from 2010 to 2011, shows that support for both higher gas taxes and a hypothetical new mileage fee has risen slowly but steadily, and Americans’ experience with COVID over the past year has not disrupted those trends. Finally, support for the tax and fee options varies mostly by most personal characteristics, but there are frequently large differences correlated with age, community type, and political affiliation.
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6

Kapulnik, Yoram, Maria J. Harrison, Hinanit Koltai, and Joseph Hershenhorn. Targeting of Strigolacatones Associated Pathways for Conferring Orobanche Resistant Traits in Tomato and Medicago. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7593399.bard.

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This proposal is focused on examination of two plant interactions: parasitic with Orobanche, and symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF), and the involvement of a newly define plant hormones, strigolactones (SLs), in these plant interactions. In addition to strigolactones role in regulation of above-ground plant architecture, they are also known to be secreted from roots, and to be a signal for seed germination of the parasitic plants Orobanche. Moreover, secreted strigolactones were recognized as inducers of AMFhyphae branching. The present work was aimed at Generation of RNAi mutants of both tomato and Medicago, targeting multiple genes that may be involved in strigolactone production, carotenoid biosynthesis pathway, Pi signaling or other metabolic pathways, and hence affect AMF colonization and/or Orobanche resistance. Following the newly formed and existing RNAi mutants were examined for AMF colonization and Orobanche resistance. At the first phase of this project Orobanche seed germination assays and AMF colonization were examined in intact plants. These assays were shown to be effective and resulted with enhancement of Orobanche seed germination and AMF colonization in WT tomato plants, whereas roots of strigolactones impaired lines did not result with Orobanche seed germination and mycorrhiza colonization. Unexpectedly, root organ cultures (ROC) that were produced from the same wild type (WT) and mutant lines did not induce the Orobanche seed germination and AMFhyphal branching. This implies that under in vitro conditions ROC cultures are missing an important component for induction of Orobanche seed germination and AMFhyphal branching. In another line of experiments we have tested transgenic lines of Medicagotruncatula for AMFhuyphal branching and Orobanche seed germination assays. These lines included lines silenced for a GRAS transcription factor (RNAi 1845), an NBS-LRR type resistance gene (RNAi 1847), a kinase (RNAi 2403) and a protein of unknown function (RNAi 2417). In all cases, five independent transgenic root lines showed altered AMFphenotypes with reduced or aberrant colonization patterns. Following, we transformed tomato plants with the M. truncatulaTC 127050 PhosphoinositidekinaseRNAi construct. Transgenic lines that contained GUS constructs were used as control. All transgenic lines showed reduced level of Orobanche seed germination, masking any strigoalctones-specific effect. The research demonstrated that SLs production may not be examined in ROC –based bioassays. It was shown by the 3 independent assays employed in this project that none of the recognized characters of SLs may be reflected in these bioassays. However, when the whole plant root exudates were examined, SLs activity in root exudates was demonstrated. Hence, it can be concluded that the presence of an intact shoot, and possibly, shoot factors, may be necessary for production of SLs in roots. Another point of interest that rises from these results is that the presence of SLs is not necessary for AMF completion of life cycle. Hence, it may be concluded that SLs are important for AMFhyphal branching, before symbiosis, but not essential for AMF colonization and life cycle completion under ROC system conditions.
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7

Bingham-Koslowski, N., T. McCartney, J. Bojesen-Koefoed, and C. Jauer. Hydrocarbon resource potential in the Labrador-Baffin Seaway and onshore West Greenland. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/321859.

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Exploration for hydrocarbons began in the Labrador-Baffin Seaway in the 1960s; activity along the Labrador margin is still ongoing. A moratorium on exploration activities in the Canadian Arctic was enacted in 2016, halting drilling and data acquisition in western Davis Strait and along the Baffin Island margin. The exploration for hydrocarbons along the West Greenland margin ceased in 2021. Despite the presence of all hydrocarbon system elements as well as direct indicators of at least one working hydrocarbon system (e.g. slicks and/or seeps, oil and/or gas shows), no commercially viable accumulations of hydrocarbons have been discovered in the region. Potential sea-surface hydrocarbon slicks have been identified throughout the study region using synthetic aperture radar, but only the slick offshore Scott Inlet (Nunavut) has been directly linked to seafloor hydrocarbon seepage.
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8

Hodges, Helen, and Dan Bristow. Analysis of the Factors Contributing to the High Rates of Care in Wales: Briefing Paper (Revised). Wales Centre for Public Policy - Cardiff University, May 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.54454/20190514.

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On 31st March 2018, there were 6,405 children looked after in Wales, almost 1,900 more children than were looked after in 2006. Over that time Wales has consistently had more children looked after per 10,000 of the population than the rest of the UK, and that gap has widened. Within Wales, while most Local Authorities have seen a rise in both the number and rate of children looked after, there is significant variation; and some have seen the rate of children looked after fall since 2014. Using published data, this report explores what we can say about the factors that are driving these trends. The following infographics drawing on our data analysis show the kinds of placements children in Wales are in and where they’re placed.
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9

Pavick, Steven W., Michael Ucchino, Karen Bausman, and Perry Bowen. Operational Safety, Suitability, and Effectiveness (OSS&E) Planning to Systems Engineering Plan (SEP) Gap Analysis. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada618238.

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10

Bashir, Marrium, Soh Kim Geok, and Saddam Akbar. Effects of Functional Training on Sprinting, Jumping and Functional Movement in players: A Systematic Review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0130.

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Review question / Objective: The main objective of this review is to evaluate the effects of functional training on sprinting, jumping, and functional movement in players. Rationale: This review study will be significant, see the training effect size and give the directions for filling the gaps in the future researcher to enhance performance in different levels of athletes in sports. Eligibility criteria: In inclusion criteria: English language article, both gender athletes, male and female, related articles on all levels of athletes, and performance-related studies.
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