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Статті в журналах з теми "Section on Nutrition and Growth"

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Balagamwala, Mysbah, Haris Gazdar, and Hussain Bux Mallah. "Synergy or Trade-Off between Agricultural Growth and Nutrition Women’s Work and Care." Pakistan Development Review 54, no. 4I-II (December 1, 2015): 897–913. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v54i4i-iipp.897-913.

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This paper examines the implications of women‘s work in agriculture and children‘s nutritional outcomes in Pakistan. Agricultural growth is an important element of overall economic growth and poverty reduction. It is generally presumed that growth in agriculture will also lead to better nutrition through the higher availability of nutritious foods and increased incomes for the poor. Growth, however, might also imply changes in the amount of time and effort women expend in agricultural work. This may have positive outcomes for nutrition if women have access to their own income, but might also have negative consequences if women‘s agricultural work diminishes their ability to provide nutrition-related care for themselves and their children. The cotton sector which relies very largely on women‘s labour, particularly in harvesting [Siegmann and Shaheen (2008)], can serve as a key vantage point for observing the link between women‘s agricultural work, care and nutrition outcomes in Pakistan. We first set the context for our research by discussing the problem of under nutrition in Pakistan and why agriculture can play a role in improving nutritional outcomes (Section 2). In Section 3, we introduce the concept of care as it exists in the literature the determinants of nutrition review the existing evidence on the relationship between care and women‘s agricultural work. Empirical findings from qualitative research in a cotton-growing region in Pakistan are reported in Section 4. The paper concludes in Section 5 with discussion on how growth in agriculture can be made more inclusiv
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SILVERIO, JOHN. "Committee Statement on Nutrition Corrected." Pediatrics 77, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.77.1.135a.

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To the Editor.— I have read with interest the statement of the Committee on Nutrition entitled "Nutritional Needs of Low-Birth-Weight Infants" (Pediatrics 1985;75:976-986). In the section, "Commercial Formulas for LBW Infants," reference 65, which refers to a paper showing adequate growth and metabolic stability obtained with our Preemie SMA, is erroneously given as reference 45. The other two references that refer to competitive formulas are correct. Unfortunately, this gives the wrong impression that Preemie SMA has not been shown to be associated with "adequate growth and metabolic stability."
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Fraser, Erin C., Victor J. Lieffers, Simon M. Landhäusser, and Brent R. Frey. "Soil nutrition and temperature as drivers of root suckering in trembling aspen." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 32, no. 9 (September 1, 2002): 1685–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x02-080.

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In two separate studies, the suckering of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) roots was assessed in response to different daily maximum soil temperatures and in relation to available nutrients (CaSO4 and NH4NO3). In the first study, aspen root sections were incubated under high:low temperature regimes of 12:8, 14:8, 16:8, 18:8, or 20:8°C until 124 degree-days above 8°C had been reached. Daily maximum temperature did not affect the number of suckers produced per square centimetre of root surface area or per root section. However, more time was required to initiate suckers on root sections grown under the 12:8°C temperature regime compared with those grown at 20:8°C. Furthermore, when calculated from a base temperature of 5°C, the number of degree-days needed to initiate aspen suckers was not different across the temperature regimes. In the second study, CaSO4, NH4NO3, or distilled water was added to aspen root sections. While nutrients did not affect the number of suckers produced, the addition of CaSO4 or NH4NO3 significantly increased sucker dry mass. Nutrient addition appeared to stimulate sucker growth and mobilization of stored reserves to support this growth.
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Woźniak, Kinga, Patryk Hedesz, Aleksandra Żuk-Łapan, Magdalena Jung, Monika Gardian-Baj, Justyna Popczyńska, Aleksandra Doryń, et al. "Nutrition Strategies for Optimizing Performance and Health in Young Athletes." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 60 (February 14, 2024): 11–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2024.60.001.

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Introduction: The increasing participation of young individuals in sports necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the intricate relationship between nutrition and athletic performance during the critical adolescent years. This introduction sets the stage for an exploration of the dynamic nutritional needs of young athletes, emphasizing the pivotal role of nutrition in supporting growth, energy metabolism, and overall athletic achievement. Current State of Knowledge: The current state of knowledge encompasses an in-depth analysis of key nutritional considerations for young athletes. Examining energy and macronutrient requirements, micronutrient considerations, hydration strategies, and optimal timing of nutrition, this section synthesizes existing research to provide evidence-based guidelines. Furthermore, it addresses the unique challenges posed by different sports and the importance of tailored nutritional approaches for diverse athletic endeavors. The evolving landscape of sports nutrition is also explored, with a specific focus on the benefits and potential risks associated with protein and creatine supplementation. Summary: In summary, this article serves as a comprehensive resource for athletes, coaches, and parents seeking to navigate the intricate intersection of nutrition and young athletes. By elucidating evidence-based strategies and addressing the potential drawbacks and risks associated with certain supplements, the article aims to empower stakeholders with the knowledge needed to make informed decisions regarding the nutritional well-being of young athletes. It underscores the importance of individualized approaches, recognizing the diversity of young athletes and advocating for adaptable nutritional strategies that contribute to both immediate performance gains and sustained health and athletic success.
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Munifa, Munifa, Juni Ramadhani, and Aldian Yusup. "Peran Keluarga Terhadap Pemenuhan Gizi Anak Usia Sekolah." Jurnal Forum Kesehatan : Media Publikasi Kesehatan Ilmiah 12, no. 1 (December 19, 2022): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.52263/jfk.v12i1.242.

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Abstract – School age is a productive age in the process of child development. Adequate nutrition is needed by children in the process of growth and development. Fulfillment of good nutrition will also have an impact on good health in children. In meeting nutritional needs, the family has an important role in determining children's nutritional behavior. Objective: to analyze the role of the family in fulfilling child nutrition. Methods: using descriptive quantitative research methods, using a cross section study research design with data collection techniques carried out using a random survey of 30 elementary school children. The method of data analysis was used to determine the relationship between the type of mother's work and the level of education with the fulfillment of child nutrition using descriptive analysis using the Chi square test (x2). Research Results: Mother's type of work has no significant effect on children's breakfast habits with a value of ρ-value = 0.369, but has a significant effect on the habit of carrying lunch with a value of ρ-value = 0.029. Meanwhile, mother's level of education has a significant relationship with breakfast habits with ρ-value = 0.024 and bringing lunch to school with ρ-value = 0.000081.
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Maxwell, L. C., T. J. Kuehl, K. Meredith, D. R. Gerstmann, and R. A. Delemos. "Total parenteral nutrition does not improve diaphragm development in premature baboons." Journal of Applied Physiology 77, no. 1 (July 1, 1994): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1994.77.1.43.

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We hypothesized that total parenteral nutrition accelerates growth and development of diaphragm muscle (DPH) in prematurely delivered baboons (140 days gestation). For 10 days after delivery by cesarean section, we administered parenteral nutrition containing glucose, electrolytes, and water or total parenteral nutrition containing lipids, amino acids, glucose, vitamins, and electrolytes. After 10 days of care, dorsolateral and ventrolateral (VL) costal DPH were sampled for histochemically determined mean fiber area (MFA) and fiber type percentages. We determined isolated bundle isometric tension (normalized for cross-sectional area), time to peak tension, half-relaxation time, force-frequency relationship, and fatigability. Neither sex nor nutritional treatment affected contractile properties. Differences among sexes and muscle sites, but not among nutritional treatments, were observed for histochemical characteristics. In females, the VL DPH had a lower percentage of type IIo fibers and a greater MFA of type IIc fibers than the dorsolateral DPH and a lower percentage of type IIo fibers and greater MFA of type IIc and IIo fibers than the VL DPH in males. Mean fiber cross-sectional area of VL DPH was significantly greater in females than males. The larger fibers in females than males suggest a stronger DPH in females. Earlier growth of type II fibers in females could contribute to a better outcome for female than male premature infants with hyaline membrane disease.
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Pandey, Aviral. "Linkages Between Agriculture and Nutrition in Bihar." Social Change 51, no. 2 (June 2021): 180–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00490857211012083.

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Despite high growth, nutritional deficiencies remain a critical problem, affecting infants, children, men and women in Bihar. Although, there is an improvement in the situation of malnutrition in the state, the agenda remains incomplete. Studies show that agriculture plays an important role in the improvement of nutritional levels. Though the state government has initiated schemes related to agricultural development in the region, the prevalence of malnutrition among children, a high infant mortality rate and a high percentage of men and women with low body mass index (BMI) continue to raise serious questions about the connection between agriculture and nutrition in Bihar. Against this background, the present study seeks to identify linkages between agriculture and nutritional status in the state. The findings of this study is based on a correlation analysis and factor analysis, using cross-section data collected from secondary sources. The analysis indicates that diversification in agriculture, an improvement in women’s literacy levels and women’s access to household resources has had a significant impact on the nutritional situation in Bihar.
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Saaka, Mahama, and Addae Yaw Hammond. "Caesarean Section Delivery and Risk of Poor Childhood Growth." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2020 (May 1, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6432754.

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Background. Though emerging evidence indicates caesarean section (CS) brings about late initiation of breastfeeding, early cessation of breastfeeding, and a higher risk of developing obesity, little is documented on the association between CS birth and stunted growth. This study assessed caesarean section delivery and the risk of poor postnatal childhood growth. Methods. A retrospective cohort study design was used to collect the requisite data on a sample of 528 mothers having children between the ages of 6 to 24 months. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Results. After controlling for potential confounding factors, linear growth as measured by height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) was significantly higher by 0.121 standard units in children born through normal vaginal delivery, compared to their counterparts born through caesarean section (beta coefficients (β) = 0.121, p=0.002). The mode of delivery also had a statistically significant impact on infant feeding practices. Whereas 70.4% of babies delivered via vagina initiated breastfeeding within one hour of delivery, only 52.7% of babies born through CS did the same. Vaginally delivered babies were 2.1 times more likely to initiate breastfeeding within one hour of delivery ((Crude odds ratio (COR) = 2.13, p<0.001). Compared to CS babies, vaginally delivered babies were 3.2 times more likely not to have been fed with prelacteal feeds such as water and sugar solutions. Vagina delivered babies were 1.8 times more likely to receive adequate neonatal feeding than their counterparts who were delivered through CS (COR = 1.76, p=0.003). Conclusions. This study has found an association between CS delivery and stunting, an adverse outcome that clinicians and patients should weigh when considering in particular elective CS that seeks to avoid the pain associated with a vaginal birth.
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Sales, Francisco, Oscar Peralta, Eileen Narbona, Sue McCoard, Mónica De los Reyes, Antonio González-Bulnes, and Víctor Parraguez. "Hypoxia and Oxidative Stress Are Associated with Reduced Fetal Growth in Twin and Undernourished Sheep Pregnancies." Animals 8, no. 11 (November 19, 2018): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani8110217.

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Low birth weight has profound implications for perinatal mortality and morbidity in lambs, causing higher mortality and lower growth potential. Low birth weight, as a consequence of fetal growth restriction, occurs in undernourished and multiple pregnancies, where hypoxia and oxidative stress could play a critical role. Our aim was to establish the effects of nutritional deprivation and pregnancy rank on fetal growth, oxygenation, and oxidative status in sheep pregnancies under extensive Patagonian conditions. At 30 days after mating, single- and twin-bearing ewes were offered only natural pasture (undernutrition group) or natural pasture plus concentrate supplementation (well-nourished group). At day 140 of gestation, blood gases and redox status were evaluated in venous cord blood, and fetal biometric characteristics were obtained after cesarean section. Both maternal undernutrition and twinning led to decreased oxygen supply to the fetuses (p = 0.016 and p = 0.050, respectively), which was associated with decreased intrauterine growth (r = 0.446, p < 0.01). Moreover, twinning increased oxidative stress in cord blood (p < 0.05), which might also contribute to fetal growth restriction. These results reinforce the importance of maternal nutrition, especially for those ewes bearing multiples, and opens new possibilities for nutritional or antioxidant interventions for preventing fetal hypoxia and oxidative stress.
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González, Sonia, Marta Selma-Royo, Silvia Arboleya, Cecilia Martínez-Costa, Gonzalo Solís, Marta Suárez, Nuria Fernández, et al. "Levels of Predominant Intestinal Microorganisms in 1 Month-Old Full-Term Babies and Weight Gain during the First Year of Life." Nutrients 13, no. 7 (July 14, 2021): 2412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13072412.

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The early life gut microbiota has been reported to be involved in neonatal weight gain and later infant growth. Therefore, this early microbiota may constitute a target for the promotion of healthy neonatal growth and development with potential consequences for later life. Unfortunately, we are still far from understanding the association between neonatal microbiota and weight gain and growth. In this context, we evaluated the relationship between early microbiota and weight in a cohort of full-term infants. The absolute levels of specific fecal microorganisms were determined in 88 vaginally delivered and 36 C-section-delivered full-term newborns at 1 month of age and their growth up to 12 months of age. We observed statistically significant associations between the levels of some early life gut microbes and infant weight gain during the first year of life. Classifying the infants into tertiles according to their Staphylococcus levels at 1 month of age allowed us to observe a significantly lower weight at 12 months of life in the C-section-delivered infants from the highest tertile. Univariate and multivariate models pointed out associations between the levels of some fecal microorganisms at 1 month of age and weight gain at 6 and 12 months. Interestingly, these associations were different in vaginally and C-section-delivered babies. A significant direct association between Staphylococcus and weight gain at 1 month of life was observed in vaginally delivered babies, whereas in C-section-delivered infants, lower Bacteroides levels at 1 month were associated with higher later weight gain (at 6 and 12 months). Our results indicate an association between the gut microbiota and weight gain in early life and highlight potential microbial predictors for later weight gain.
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Дисертації з теми "Section on Nutrition and Growth"

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Locks, Lindsey Mina. "Nutrition, Growth and Health in Tanzanian Infants." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:27201743.

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Undernutrition in early life increases children’s risk of mortality, morbidity, and impaired growth and development. This thesis analyzes data from two randomized controlled trials in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The first trial assessed the effect of daily multivitamin (vitamins B-complex, C and E) supplementation on mortality and morbidity in infants born to HIV-infected mothers. 2387 infants were randomized to multivitamins or placebo at 6 weeks and followed-up for two years. The second trial assessed the effect of zinc and/or multivitamins (vitamins B-complex, C and E) on morbidity in infants born to HIV-uninfected mothers. 2400 infants were randomized to either zinc + multivitamins, zinc only, multivitamins only, or placebo at 6 weeks and were followed for 18 months. Chapter 1 assesses the effect of zinc and/or multivitamin supplements in the second trial on longitudinal child growth – defined by change in height-for-age, weight-for-age and weight-for-height z-scores (HAZ, WAZ and WHZ) and stunting, underweight and wasting (<-2 SD 2006 WHO standard for each indicator respectively). We found small, but significant effects of supplements on change in WHZ and WAZ, but did not find a statistically significant effect of zinc and/or multivitamin supplements on stunting, wasting or underweight. Chapter 2 assesses the effect of zinc and/or multivitamin supplements in the second trial on early child development (ECD) assessed using the cognitive, motor (fine and gross) and language (receptive and expressive) scales of the Bayley Infant Scales of Development 3rd Edition (BSID-III). We did not find a significant effect of supplements on early childhood development as assessed by the BSID-III. Chapter 3 pools the two trials in order to compare mortality, morbidity and growth in HIV-infected, HIV-exposed-but-uninfected (HIV-EU) and HIV unexposed infants. HIV-infected children had the highest rates of mortality, morbidity and growth failure. HIV-EU infants had higher rates of mortality and morbidities than unexposed infants; but lower rates than their HIV-infected peers. Conclusions: Alternative approaches (beyond zinc and/or multivitamin supplementation) to improve growth and ECD in vulnerable populations should be pursued. Child health interventions should target not only HIV-infected but also HIV-EU children, given their increased susceptibility to morbidity and mortality.
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Pircher, Tony J. "Regulation of STAT5 activity by growth hormone /." Stockholm, 1998. http://diss.kib.ki.se/search/diss.se.cfm?19980925pirc.

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Tam, Y. M., and 譚月明. "The relationships of growth with nutrition and serum growth factors inearly life." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44569798.

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Smith, Ruth Deborah. "Potassium intake, growth and energy metabolism." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295704.

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Cavazzoni, Elena. "Interactions between growth, nutrition, clinical events and growth-associated hormones in preterm infants." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340232.

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Tam, Y. M. "The relationships of growth with nutrition and serum growth factors in early life /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B2152712X.

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Yunusova, Roza. "Effects of Maternal Nutrition, Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR), and Estrogen (E2) Supplementation on Placental and Fetal Intestinal Growth and Development in Sheep." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/26539.

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The placenta and fetal intestines are two key nutrient transport organs that sustain and nurture growing fetus. Insufficient placental development and consequently inadequate fetal nutrient supply can lead to IUGR resulting in low birth weight offspring. Our experimental objectives were to investigate the effects of elevated maternal nutrition, IUGR, and E2 supplementation during mid-gestation (in an attempt to rescue IUGR offspring) on placental and fetal intestinal cell proliferation, angiogenic gene expression, and vascularity. Limited responsiveness in placental development and vascularization to E2 supplementation was observed, likely due to inappropriate timing or dose of E2. However, maternal E2 supplementation increased fetal small intestinal length and GUCY1b3 mRNA expression, suggesting that E2 supplementation has positive effects on IUGR fetal intestinal growth. In conclusion, understanding molecular mechanisms associated with IUGR and possible effects of E2 supplementation in rescuing IUGR may lead to enhanced human health and livestock production efficiency.
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Osgerby, Jane Claire. "The role of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system in the regulation of ovine placental and fetal growth." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248107.

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Norman, Lisa Jane. "Nutrition and growth in children with chronic renal insufficiency." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2002. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14596/.

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Practical joint dietetic/medical guidelines are required for children with differing levels of severity of chronic renal insufficiency (CRI). This thesis describes the current dietetic/medical package of care provided within a specialised paediatric renal unit, and provides an insight into considerations for future clinical guidelines. Children were grouped at baseline following [51Cr]-labelled EDTA glomerular filtration rate (GFR, m1/min/1.73m2) estimations, into 'normal' kidney function [GFR > 75, mean 106 (SD 19.5), n=58], providing baseline data only, mild (GFR 51-75, n=27), moderate (GFR 25-50, n=21) and severe (GFR < 25, n=19) CRI. Those with CRI were followed for two years and 51 children completed the study (19 mild, 19 moderate, 13 severe CRI). Baseline and 6 monthly measurements of anthropometry, blood pressure, laboratory investigations and yearly dietary intakes (3-day semi-quantitative diaries) were obtained. EDTA GFR's were compared to estimations of GFR using serum cystatin C and plasma creatinine/height concentrations. Amongst the findings, mean standard deviation scores (SDS) for all anthropometric markers deteriorated with worsening renal function at baseline, from mean SDS for weight, height, body mass index and mid upper arm circumference in 'normal' children of O.28 (SD 1.0), 0.19 (SD 1.0),0.21 (SD 1.1) and 0.39 (SD 1.0) respectively, to values of -1.32 (SD 1.0), -1.55 (SD 1.1), -0.44 (SD 1.1) and -0.58 (SD 0.9) in severe CRI. Over two years, mean height SDS significantly increased in children with severe CRI (p=0.003) and was maintained in mild and moderate CRI, despite deterioration in renal function. Correlation between changes in energy intake and height SDS was observed in severe CRI (r2=0.5, p=0.001). From individual observations and correlation, higher phosphate and sodium intakes appeared to be associated with greater deterioration in estimated GFR in children with mild CRI. An inverse correlation between calcium intake and plasma parathyroid hormone was observed in severe CRI (r2=0.27, p=0.065). Disturbances in nutritional intakes, bone biochemistry and growth occurred early in the course of CRI and deterioration in renal function, as determined by estimated GPR, was greatest in those with mild CRI. Regular joint dietetic/medical intervention is likely to be beneficial in children with mild and moderate CRI, in addition to those with more severe CRI, to both correct initial disturbances and reduce the chances of progression.
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Carrillo, Larco Rodrigo M., J. Jaime Miranda, and Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz. "Delivery by caesarean section and risk of childhood obesity: analysis of a Peruvian prospective cohort." PeerJ, Inc, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/558501.

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Objectives. We aimed to assess if Caesarean section is a risk factor for overnutrition in early- and late-childhood, and to assess the magnitude of the effect of child- versus family-related variables in these risk estimates. Methods. Longitudinal data from Peruvian children from the Young Lives Study was used. Outcomes assessed were overweight, obesity, overnutrition (overweight plus obesity), and central obesity (waist circumference) at the age 5 (first follow-up) and 7 (second follow-up) years. The exposure of interests was delivery by Caesarean section. Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using multivariable models adjusted for child-related (e.g., birth weight) and familyrelated (e.g., maternal nutritional status) variables. Results. At baseline, mean age was 11.7 (± 3.5) months and 50.1% were boys. Children born by Caesarean section were 15.6%. The 10.5% of the children were overweight and 2.4% were obese. For the obesity outcome, data from 6,038 and 9,625 children-years was included from baseline to the first and second follow-up, respectively. Compared to those who did not experience Caesarean delivery, the risk of having obesity was higher in the group born by Caesarean: RRs were higher at early-childhood (first follow-up: 2.25; 95% CI [1.36–3.74]) than later in life (second follow-up: 1.57; 95% CI [1.02–2.41]). Family-related variables had a greater effect in attenuating the risk estimates for obesity at the first, than at the second follow-up. Conclusion. Our results suggest a higher probability of developing obesity, but not overweight, among children born by Caesarean section delivery. The magnitude of risk estimates decreased over time, and family-related variables had a stronger effect on the risk estimates at early-childhood.
RMC-L, JJM, AB-O, and the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases were supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Global Health Initiative under the contract Global Health Activities in Developing Countries to Combat Non-Communicable Chronic Diseases (Project Number 268200900033C-1-0-1). AB-O is currently supported by a Wellcome Trust Research Training Fellowship in Public Health and Tropical Medicine (Grant 103994/Z/14/Z). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
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Книги з теми "Section on Nutrition and Growth"

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L, Jorna M., Slootmaker L. A. J, and Eurppean Association for Research on Plant Breeding. Cereal Section., eds. Cereal breeding related to integrated cereal production: Proceedings of the conference of the Cereal Section of EUCARPIA (European Association for Research on Plant Breeding), Wageningen, Netherland 24-26 February 1988. Wageningen: Pudoc, 1988.

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Paris, France) International Conference on Nutrition and Growth (1st 2012. Nutrition and growth. Basel: Karger, 2013.

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3

1947-, Martorell Reynaldo, Haschke F, and Nestlé Nutrition Workshop (47th : 2000 : Santiago, Chile), eds. Nutrition and growth. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2001.

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4

1933-, Walter Paul, Porrini M, and European Academy of Nutritional Sciences. Symposium, eds. Nutrition in pregnancy and growth. Basel: Karger, 1996.

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J, Shephard Roy, and Pařízková Jana, eds. Human growth, physical fitness, and nutrition. Basel: Karger, 1991.

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Quah, Danny. Empirical cross-section dynamics in economic growth. London: London School of Economics, Financial Markets Group, 1992.

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7

C, Baligar V., and Jones C. Allan, eds. Growth and mineral nutrition of field crops. 3rd ed. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 2011.

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8

R, Porter J., and Lawlor D. W. 1941-, eds. Plant growth: Interactions with nutrition and environment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.

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Esmail, Meisami, and Timiras Paola S, eds. Endocrines, sexual development, growth, nutrition and metabolism. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1989.

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C, Baligar V., and Jones C. Allan, eds. Growth and mineral nutrition of field crops. 2nd ed. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1997.

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Частини книг з теми "Section on Nutrition and Growth"

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Cilliers, Jakkie. "Wanted: A Revolution in Agriculture." In The Future of Africa, 97–122. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46590-2_5.

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AbstractAgriculture is the backbone of many African economies. Cilliers explores the history and role of agriculture in development, and the likely future trajectory of agriculture in Africa along the Current Path, drawing lessons from other regions. Improvements in this sector, particularly access to finance and use of modern technology can unlock the significant potential to achieve food security, improve health and nutrition outcomes, create agribusiness ventures that influence employment, earn foreign exchange through exports and promote economic prosperity. The chapter concludes with a scenario that emulates the impact of a revolution in agriculture on food security and growth.
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Steensland, Ann, and Margaret Zeigler. "Productivity in Agriculture for a Sustainable Future." In The Innovation Revolution in Agriculture, 33–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50991-0_2.

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Abstract The Malthusian predictions of the future have not come to pass due largely to innovative agricultural technologies and practices that stimulated significant gains in agricultural productivity. This chapter examines the linkages between innovation, productivity, and sustainability. The definition of agricultural productivity, measured as total factor productivity (TFP), will be explained, as well as the contribution of innovation to global TFP growth and the contribution of TFP to sustainable food and agriculture systems. To illustrate these connections, this chapter highlights innovative technologies and practices used by crop and livestock producers in the United States, Colombia, India, Kenya, and Vietnam. These cases demonstrate how advanced seed technologies, improvements in soil health and nutrient management, mechanization, and an emphasis on animal health drive productivity growth around the world. Many of these cases feature partnerships between the public sector, private sector, and producers where innovations and new practices are used to increase productivity, incomes, food security, and nutrition. Creating an enabling policy environment is essential for agricultural innovation, productivity, and sustainability; the chapter gives examples of public policies that stimulate such productivity: investing in public sector research and development (R&D), embracing science-based technologies, and establishing smart regulatory environments. The chapter includes a discussion of innovation, productivity, and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
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Ingold, C. T., and H. J. Hudson. "Growth and nutrition." In The Biology of Fungi, 7–24. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1496-7_2.

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Migliaccio, Silvia, Sofia Battisti, Alessandro Pinto, Lorenzo Maria Donini, Ernesto Tomei, and Richard C. Semelka. "Nutrition and Growth." In Text-Atlas of Skeletal Age Determination, 93–97. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118692202.ch8.

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Wahlqvist, Mark L., and Prasong Tienboon. "Growth and Ageing." In Nutrition and Metabolism, 119–54. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444327779.ch7.

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Driggers, Julia, Kanak Verma, and Vi Goh. "Growth Assessment." In Pediatric Nutrition for Dietitians, 1–14. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003147855-1.

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Sanders, Thomas A. B. "Normal Growth and Development." In Nutrition and Development, 13–27. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd,., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118782972.ch2.

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Fleischer Michaelsen, Kim. "1.1 Child Growth." In Pediatric Nutrition in Practice, 1–5. Basel: KARGER, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000155235.

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Wichterman, Ralph. "Nutrition, Growth, and Respiration." In The Biology of Paramecium, 197–210. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0372-6_5.

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Bavandi, M. "Industrial Growth and Nutrition." In Novartis Foundation Symposia, 73–88. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470720141.ch6.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Section on Nutrition and Growth"

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Niyonshuti, Eric, and Figen Kırkpınar. "Assessment of the Last Decades Studies and Developments in Broilers Nutrition." In International Students Science Congress. Izmir International Guest Student Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52460/issc.2021.003.

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The poultry industry has advanced remarkably over the past 30 years. In particular, broiler production has been the most successful than any other sector in the animal industry. Production standards of broilers have continuously improved over this period, with modern broilers reaching a live average weight of 2.5 kg at 33 – 35 days. Today, under normal conditions, a broiler chicken can gain an average weight of 65 g per day and can attain 1.5 feed conversion ratio (FCR). Genetic selection brought about by breeding companies has played a big part in the improvements of broiler growth, and advances in nutritional management have provided about 10 to 15% of these changes. In conclusion, future broiler nutrition studies are going to be continued on the plane of economic criteria, determination of alternative feedstuffs and their cultivation, production of new feed additives, sustainability, and food or product quality. However, broiler nutrition studies are expected to contain not only pure and applied nutrition but also to answer and to enlighten some discussed issues such as to support animal welfare, consumer health, and ecological equilibrium. In this review, the latest improvements in feed formulation with much attention on metabolizable energy (ME) and crude protein (CP), feeding systems and feed presentation, use of feed additives to enhance feed use and broiler performance are discussed.
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Syuadzah, Rahmi, Hari Wahyu Nugroho, and Safitri Tia Tampy. "Association between Maternal Weight and A Newborn Weight in Surakarta, Central Java." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.12.

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ABSTRACT Background: In Indonesia, nutrition is still the 5 biggest problem for mothers and children. Nutrition in the mother during pregnancy will affect the nutrition the infant gets while in the womb. Nutrition in children is very important in the first 1000 days of life because it will affect the growth and development of the infant. One way to assess the nutritional adequacy of new born is by measuring the infant’s weight at birth. This study aimed to determine the relationship between maternal weight and birth weight. Subjects and Method: This was a cross sectional study conducted at Pajang Community Health Center, Surakarta, Central Java. The study subjects were all mothers and infants whose birth weight were measured during February to March 2020. The dependent variable in this study was maternal weight. The independent variable was birth weight. The data were taken from the medical records of the Pajang Community Health Center. The data were analyzed using logistic regression test Results: Maternal weight below the normal weight had tendency to produce babies with less weight than pregnant women with normal maternal weight (OR= 55.00; p<0.001), and it was statistically significant. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between maternal weight of pregnant women and birth weight Keywords: maternal weight, birth weight Correspondence: Rahmi Syuadzah. Pediatric Research Center (PRC), Department of Child Health, Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta. Jl. Colonel Sutarto, Jebres, Kec. Jebres, Surakarta City, Central Java 57126. Email: Rahmi_syuadzah@yahoo.com. Mobile: 082144806405 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.12
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Burlacu, Sorin, Ana Maria Călin, Elena Crizantema Vâlcu, and Evelina Petronela Bălu. "The Role of Public Administration in Promoting Sustainable Development: A Case Study of Population Growth and Global Nutrition Interventions." In 9th BASIQ International Conference on New Trends in Sustainable Business and Consumption. Editura ASE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/basiq/2023/09/023.

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This research paper aims to investigate the role of public administration in promoting sustainable development through a case study of global nutrition interventions and population growth. The study employs a case study approach to gain a comprehensive understanding of the challenges and opportunities presented by these issues, and to explore how public administration can effectively address them. The purpose of the research is to generate new insights and hypotheses that can inform theory and practice, as well as to provide practical recommendations for policymakers and practitioners. The methodology of the study involves an in-depth investigation of four different countries, each selected based on their distinct characteristics and challenges related to global nutrition interventions and population growth. Secondary sources of data are used to develop the case study, including reports, policy documents, and academic literature. The research objectives are to identify the key drivers and barriers to promoting sustainable development in each country, to evaluate the effectiveness of current public administration strategies, and to propose practical recommendations for enhancing policy and practice. The main findings of the study demonstrate the critical importance of effective public administration in promoting sustainable development, particularly in the context of global nutrition interventions and population growth. The case study highlights the need for coordinated and integrated policy approaches that engage a range of stakeholders, including government, civil society, and private sector actors. The study also highlights the importance of context-specific approaches that consider the unique characteristics and challenges of each country. The degree of novelty and originality of this research lies in its holistic and contextualized approach to exploring the role of public administration in promoting sustainable development. By using a case study approach, this research generates new insights and recommendations that can inform policy and practice in a practical and actionable way. The practical implications of this research are significant, as it provides a roadmap for policymakers and practitioners to effectively address the complex and multifaceted challenges posed by global nutrition interventions and population growth.
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Bacco, Anna. "Sustainable agriculture models in the agribusiness sector, hints at the livestock supply chain." In International Scientific-Practical Conference "Economic growth in the conditions of globalization". National Institute for Economic Research, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36004/nier.cecg.ii.2023.17.21.

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The paper analyzes International and European documents related to Sustainable Agriculture. Among others: The FAO International Treaty on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture; The proceedings of the Rio +20 Conference (20-22June 2012); The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development with 17 SDGs is to be achieved by 2030 by the United Nations General Assembly. In it, Goal 2, ending hunger, achieving food security, improving nutrition, and promoting sustainable agriculture, deserves attention; The Marrakech Conference (2016) of the United Nations on Climate Change (COP22); The "New Strategic Agenda for the five years 2019 -2024. The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) 2023-2027. Also mentions the National Strategy for Sustainable Development and the Reports of the Italian Alliance for Sustainable Development. Examples of sustainable agriculture are highlighted in the livestock agribusiness sector in Campania, Italy, in which several companies are showing a growing willingness toward productive modernization aimed at achieving economic, social, and environmental development with a focus on Sustainable Development. In this area, the case of a buffalo farm that ensures sustainable food production systems and applies resilient agricultural practices that increase productivity and strengthen resilience to climate change is presented. Several technological innovations are taken over on the same farm, such as a buffalo milking plant, Vms (Voluntary milking systems) that enables animal welfare, is a plant for producing green energy from processing waste.
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OTIENO, STEPHEN OCHIENG. "The Role of Tvet Programs in Attaining Sustainable Development Goal 12: A Sustainable Food Processing Practices in Selected Tvet Colleges, Kenya." In 3rd International Nutrition and Dietetics Scientific Conference. KENYA NUTRITIONISTS AND DIETICIANS INSTITUTE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.57039/jnd-conf-abt-2023-t.a.f.s-38.

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Sustainable Consumption and Production (SCP) are the important elements to strive the sustainable development in Agenda 2030. The unacceptable food losses and future uncertainties stemming from population growth, natural disasters, and scarcity of natural resources lead to the evaluation of current practices on sustainable food processing. As Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) is an institution that can accelerate sustainable development, this study is to seek sustainable food processing practices among the students of the TVET program and the role of the TVET program to achieve SDG 12. This study was conducted using a deductive descriptive design through a cross-sectional survey questionnaire. A total of 298 respondents were analyzed for the mean value and standard deviation using the instrument of sustainable food processing (i-KProM) that have been proven the validity and reliability. The result revealed moderate practices (3.67) among the respondents which included 3 sub-constructs of practices which are processing practices at high level (4.20), pre-processing practices (2.97) and post-processing practices (3.17) at a moderate level for each sub-construct. The implications show that the need to emphasize the practices of optimization of the natural sources during the product production followed by avoiding improper product handling. Secondly, the solid waste products during the processing activities must be managed proactively to reduce the environmental effect. Finally, this research emphasizes the role of the TVET program in achieving SCP that could accelerate the evaluation of sustainable practices among the TVET students at all stages of education. Keywords: Sustainable food processing, technical and vocational training and education, sustainable practices.
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"Factors Associated with Early Complementary Feeding among Breastfeeding Mothers with Infants 0-6 Months in Kapkatet County Hospital, Kericho County." In 3rd International Nutrition and Dietetics Scientific Conference. KENYA NUTRITIONISTS AND DIETICIANS INSTITUTE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.57039/jnd-conf-abt-2023-m.i.y.c.n.h.p-26.

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The practice of complementary feeding (introducing solid foods alongside breastfeeding) is an important aspect of infant nutrition. However, the timing of introducing complementary feeding is crucial for optimal growth and development. This study aims to investigate the factors associated with early complementary feeding among breastfeeding mothers with infants aged 0-6 months in Kapkatet County Hospital, located in Kericho County. A cross-sectional analytical study design was employed, involving 246 breastfeeding mothers attending Kapkatet County Hospital. Data on demographic characteristics, individual characteristics, cultural practices, and knowledge regarding complementary feeding were collected through structured questionnaires and key informant interviews. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The study found that a significant proportion of infants (70.7%) in Kapkatet County Hospital were introduced to complementary feeding before the recommended age of 6 months. Reasons for early introduction included concerns about the negative impact of exclusive breastfeeding on body shape and breast size, pressures from the mother-in-law, infant hunger, maternal responsibilities, slow weight gain in infants, breastfeeding-related pain, and cultural practices, such as the use of herbal remedies. The findings of this study highlight the need for targeted interventions to address the factors associated with early complementary feeding. To promote appropriate feeding practices, it is recommended to create mother-friendly work environments and implement information education and communication (IEC) strategies, coupled with behavioural change communication (BCC) approaches using mass media platforms. These measures will help raise awareness among breastfeeding mothers regarding the importance of adhering to recommended guidelines for complementary feeding. Keywords: Early complementary feeding, breastfeeding mothers, infants, Kapkatet County Hospital, Kericho County
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C, Timanoi, Mwanja M, and Arasio A. "Utilization of one health ‘Kimormor’ Multi-Sectoral Outreaches for enhanced Nutrition Interventions in Migratory Pastoral Communities of Turkana County, Kenya." In 3rd International Nutrition and Dietetics Scientific Conference. KENYA NUTRITIONISTS AND DIETICIANS INSTITUTE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.57039/jnd-conf-abt-2023-f.s.s.d-03.

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Background: According to the Integrated Phase Classification for acute malnutrition, Turkana County was ranked at critical phase (15-30% GAM rates of 27%, or ‘critical phase’ and Integrated Phase Classification 3 as food security insecure or ‘crisis phase (SMART Survey Jan 2023). Turkana County SMART Nutrition surveys 2018-2022 indicated increased stunting rates from 17.4% in 2018 to 21.9% in 2022, while in Jan 2023 the rates reduced to 21.6% due to the increased nutrition surveillance and response by various partners. Amidst the climate change crisis posed by drought and flush floods, a multi-sectoral approach in addressing maternal, child health and nutrition gaps is critical for better health outcomes for more than 50% of the population which is pastoral. This paper highlights the utilization of Kimormor Multisector Outreaches to respond to the unique needs of migratory pastoral communities in Loima Sub County, Turkana County. USAID Imarisha Jamii Intervention • To enhance health care seeking for migratory populations, Amref Health Africa in Kenya implemented the Kimormor One Health Approach. • This co-created model encompasses a multisectoral approaches on maternal and child health (MNCH) outcomes. • Through Kimormor, human and animal health is delivered to pastoral communities. • Multi-Sectoral Interventions are integrated into the Mobile Outreaches which follow the communities in their mapped migratory routes and waterpoints. Results: Through the Kimormor one health integrated outreach for one site out of 5 sites, 184 children and 40 Pregnant and lactating women (PLW) were screened for malnutrition out of these 10 and 96 children were severely malnourished and moderately malnourished respectively.25 PLWIDs were malnourished and enrolled into supplementary feeding Program (SFP). 129 children got dewormed, and 136 (under 5yrs) received Vitamin A supplementation. 16 children were fully Immunized.174 adults were able to be registered for National ID's and NHIF membership. A total of 4196 Shoats were dewormed and vaccinated against PPR disease. Conclusion • Implementation of Kimormor One health Outreach contributed to uptake of nutrition services like Vitamin A supplementation,deworming,continous growth monitoring and screening for malnutrition. • Other Multi-sector servivices which would otherwise have not been achieved in a static approach include animal health, NHIF enrollment, and maternal and child health aervices • Partnership and resource pooling among different sectors were effectively achieved which made implementation of the initiative possible. Recommendation • There is need to scale up an innovative kimormor one-health approach for migratory populations in other sub counties.
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Al Khatib, Jehad Aljabar Hassan, Larisa Caisin, and Ludmila Bivol. "Particularități tehnologice de creștere a puilor de carne." In Scientific and practical conference with international participation: "Management of the genetic fund of animals – problems, solutions, outlooks". Scientific Practical Institute of Biotechnologies in Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.61562/mgfa2023.01.

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Poultry is a strategic branch of the animal husbandry sector with great possibilities for recovery in a short period of time. Feeding is responsible to the greatest extent for the growth and development of poultries, maintaining their health and achieving the purpose for which they are exploited, namely the achievement of meat production. A balanced diet provides essential nutrients for the development, growth and optimal func-tioning of the avian body. The studies were carried out at the company "Sum Agro Service", on hybrid broilers, raised in batteries ensuring microclimate conditions and with the feeding system according to the breeding guide. Ross 308 cross broiler chickens were used for the experiment. It was es-tablished that the growth of ROSS 308 broiler chicken hybrids raised according to the in-tensive system in accordance with the recommendations and the principles of the breeding guide for meat production is of zootechnical interest and depends on the genetic potential, which it was achieved only under the conditions of proper nutrition and knowledge of the particularities of growth.
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Kuvshinova, A. "The influence of biological preparations on the productivity and use of moisture by winter barley plants in the conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine." In international scientific-practical conference. MYKOLAYIV NATIONAL AGRARIAN UNIVERSITY, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31521/978-617-7149-78-0-25.

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In the Southern Steppe of Ukraine, the agricultural sector attaches primary importance to grain production. Wheat stands out as the dominant crop among the diverse cultivated plants of this region. In place of spring wheat, a significant part of crops is occupied by winter barley. The combination of winter and spring contributes to the growth of both crops, ensuring a diverse and high yield [1]. For the intensification of grain production and the full use of the biological potential of spring barley varieties, the development of resource-saving growing technologies is relevant in modern times. The steppe zone of Ukraine presents difficult conditions for agricultural crops, as rising temperatures and drought limit their productivity by depriving them of moisture. Among the decisive factors for successful plant growth, moisture plays a significant role, but when it comes to the technology of growing winter barley, one of the key elements that cannot be forgotten is nutrition, as it plays a significant role in the development of all agricultural crops
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Tampy, Safitri Tia, Hari Wahyu Nugroho, and Rahmi Syuadzah. "Association between Maternal Anemia with Stunting Incidence among Newborns in Surakarta, Central Java." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.11.

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ABSTRACT Background: Stunting is one of the global nutrition problems, which is recorded in the six global nutrition targets in 2025. Stunting is defined as a condition when a child’s body length or height based on age and sex is below -2 SD of the median standard of child growth by World Health Organization. The prevalence of stunting in newborns in the world is 3.8%. The causes of stunting are multifactorally occurring from the age of conception to the age of two. Factors that influence stunting of newborns during the prenatal period are maternal height, maternal weight gain, anemia, and infection during pregnancy. Anemia occurs in 37% of pregnant women. Maternal anemia causes disruption in fetal growth which increases the risk of stunting at birth. This study aimed to examine the Association between maternal anemia with stunting incidence among newborns in Surakarta, Central Java. Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Sibela Community Health Center, Surakarta, Central Java. Total of 184 third trimester pregnant women and 184 newborns were enrolled in this study. The dependent variable was stunting among newborns. The independent variable was anemia in pregnant women. The data were taken from medical records in the period February-March 2020. The data were analyzed using Chi-square. Results: The prevalence of stunting among newborns was 8.2%. Anemia among pregnant women were 31.0%. Pregnant women who had anemia increase the incidence of stunting among newborns (OR = 5,19; 95% CI = 1.69 to 15.99; p = 0.002). Conclusion: There is a relationship between anemia among pregnant women and the incidence of stunting among newborns. Keywords: anemia, pregnancy, stunting, newborn Correspondence: Safitri Tia Tampy. Pediatric Research Center (PRC), Department of Pediatric Science, Dr Moewardi General Hospital, Surakarta, Central Java DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.11
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Звіти організацій з теми "Section on Nutrition and Growth"

1

Cnaani, Avner, Gordon Grau, Darren Lerner, and Sheenan Harpaz. Gastrointestinal osmoregulatory activity in Tilapia and its effects on growth, an opportunity for fish diet developments. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7594393.bard.

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Fish living in freshwater and seawater environments experience constant osmotic pressure between their internal body and the surrounding water. Regulation of ion and water balance under these conditions is highly energetic demanding, and eventually, affects the fish growth. While the role of the gills in osmoregulation was extensively studied, the osmoregulatory activity of the gastrointestinal tract is less known. In this study we characterized the tilapia intestine as a multifunctional organ, having a role in both nutrition and in ion regulation. We studied the pituitary endocrine regulation of intestinal salinity adaptation, the salinity-dependent physiological activity along different intestinal sections, and specific genes that are linking nutrient absorption with ion and acid-base regulation. The results of this study indicate that different intestinal sections developed various specific activities. Their endocrine regulation is now better understood, a large data-set of salinity dependent gene transcript was developed, as well as new tools and methods to study new aspects of intestinal physiology.
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2

Carlson, Jake. Plant Nutrition and Growth - Purdue University. Purdue University Libraries, November 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284315012.

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Abuya, Timothy, and Wangari Ng'ang'a. Report: Getting it Right! Improving Kenya’s Human Capital by Reducing Stunting—A Household Account. Population Council, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/sbsr2021.1064.

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In the last two decades, Kenya has attained middle-income status and established a diverse and private-sector-driven economy. On several socIo-economic indicators, such as education, gender equality, and democracy, Kenya scores much higher than its peers. More than two-thirds of Kenyans are under 35 years of age, thus the country’s development hinges on the quality of its youth—their levels of education and skills, their values and attitudes, and the quality of their health and productivity. While Kenya’s investments in the development of its human capital positions the country well to sustain accelerated growth, the trajectory is threatened by high rates of malnutrition, which contributes to the country’s disease burden and has a large effect on socio-economic development. About 26 percent of children in Kenya are stunted, and evidence indicates that poor nutrition in early life can create consequences for learning and future productivity. Women who were stunted as children are likely to give birth to low-birth-weight babies, which is associated with higher levels of morbidity and mortality. This report analyzes the status of stunting in Kenya from a household perspective and points to pathways for addressing it.
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Haile, Beliyou, Carlo Azzarri, and Hee Eun Ahn. Literature review on linkages between child nutrition and economic growth. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.134795.

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Research Institute (IFPRI), International Food Policy. Progress against and nature of the 2013 nutrition for growth comments. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/9780896295841_04.

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Carson, Jessica, and William Meub. Recent data show continued growth in Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program use. University of New Hampshire Libraries, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.34051/p/2020.186.

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Glaeser, Edward, Jose Scheinkman, and Andrei Shleifer. Economic Growth in a Cross-Section of Cities. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w5013.

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Barro, Robert. Economic Growth in a Cross Section of Countries. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w3120.

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Radwan, M. A., D. S. DeBell, and J. E. Wilcox. Influence of family and nitrogen fertilizer on growth and nutrition of western hemlock seedlings. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-rp-426.

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Burnside, Craig, and Alexandra Tabova. Risk, Volatility, and the Global Cross-Section of Growth Rates. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w15225.

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