Готові списки джерел за темами / Seasonal physiology

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Seasonal physiology"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 19 червня 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Seasonal physiology"

1

Pösö, A. Reeta. "Seasonal changes in reindeer physiology." Rangifer 25, no. 1 (April 1, 2005): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.25.1.335.

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The seasonal changes in the photoperiod, temperature and availability of food need to be converted to hormonal signals in order to induce adaptations in the physiology of the reindeer. The most reliable of the seasonal changes in the environment is the photoperiod, which affects the reindeer physiology through pineal gland and its hormone, melatonin. Usually there are large diurnal changes in the concentration of melatonin, but in the reindeer the daily rhythm disappears during the arctic summer to return again in the autumn. Seasonal changes in melatonin secretion are involved in the regulation of reproduction, the growth of pelage, thermogenesis, body mass and immune function. Melatonin may exert its effects through gene activation, but the mechanisms are not completely understood. Other hormones that show seasonality are thyroid hormones, insulin and leptin. Thus the observed physiological changes are a result of actions of several hormones. Appetite, energy production and thermogenesis are all vital for survival. During winter, when energy balance is negative, the reindeer uses mainly body fat for energy production. The use of fat stores is economical as the rate of lipolysis is controlled and the use of fatty acids in tissues such as muscle decreases. Only in severe starvation the rate of lipolysis increases enough to give rise to accumulation of ketone bodies. The protein mass is maintained and only in starved individuals muscle protein is used for energy production. The winter feed of the reindeer, the lichens, is poor in nitrogen and the nitrogen balance during winter is strongly negative. Reindeer responds to limited availability of nitrogen by increasing the recycling of urea into rumen. In general the adaptation of reindeer physiology enables the reindeer to survive the winter and although several aspects are known many others require further studies.Abstract in Finnish / Tiivistelmä: Valaistus, lämpötila ja ravinnon saatavuus vaihtelevat vuodenajn mukaan. Jotta nämä muutokset voisivat saada aikaan adaptiivisia muutoksia porossa, ne täytyy muutta hormonisignaaleiksi. Luotettavin näistä edellä mainituista ympäristön vuodenaikaismuutoksista on valo, joka vaikuttaa poron elintoimintoihin käpylisäkkeen ja sen erittämän hormonin, melatoniinin, välityksellä. Melatoniinin plasmapitoisuuksissa on havaittavissa selkeä vuorokausirytmi, joka porolla häviää kesällä ja alkaa uudestaan syksyllä. Melatoniini-hormonin vuodenaikaisvaihtelut ovat mukana säätelemässä lisääntymistä, talvikarvan kasvua, lämmöntuottoa, elopainoa ja immuunitoimintoja. Melatoniini vaikuttaa geeniaktivaation kautta mekanismeilla, joita ei vielä tarkkaan tunneta. Muita hormoneja, joiden erityksessä on havaittu vuodenaikaisvaihtelua, ovat kilpirauhashormonit, insuliini ja leptiini. Havaitut muutokset ovat ilmeisesti usean hormonin yhteisvaikutuksen aiheuttamia. Ruokahalu sekä energian- että lämmöntuotto ovat keskeisiä hengissä säilymisen kannalta. Talvella poron energiatase on negatiivinen ja se käyttää lähinnä varastoimiaan rasvoja energian tuottoon. Rasvojen käyttö on ekonomista, sillä rasvojen hajoaminen, lipolyysi, on säädeltyä ja rasvahappojen käyttö lihaksissa vähenee talvella. Vasta vakavasti nälkiintyneissä poroissa lipolyysi aktivoituu siten, että myös ketoaineita alkaa kertyä vereen. Valkuaisaineiden määrä vähenee vähemmän kuin rasvojen ja ainoastaan nälkiintyneet porot käyttävät lihasten valkuaisaineita energiantuottoon. Poron talviravinnossa, jäkälässä, on vain vähän typpeä, joten talvisin typpitasapaino on voimakkaasti negatiivinen. Poro reagoi tähän vähäiseen typpimäärään lisäämällä urean kierrätystä pötsiin. Kokonaisuudessaan poron elintoimintojen sopeutuminen auttaa poroa selviytymään talven yli. Vaikka adaptaatiosta on joiltakin osin kertynyt runsaasti tietoa, on siinä myös paljon selvitettävää.
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2

Skoner, David P., Barry Asman, and Philip Fireman. "Effect of Chlorpheniramine on Airway Physiology and Symptoms during Natural Pollen Exposure." American Journal of Rhinology 8, no. 1 (January 1994): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/105065894781882684.

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Previous studies have documented the changes in airway physiology which accompany natural pollen exposure. This study was designed to determine the effect of chlorpheniramine (8 mg b.i.d.) on seasonal changes in airway physiology and symptoms. Pollen counts, eustachian tube (ET) function, nasal resistance, mucociliary transport, and nasal symptoms were assessed weekly before, during, and after ragweed pollen season in 15 chlorpheniramine-treated and 15 placebo-treated allergic rhinitis (AR) subjects in a double-blind protocol and in 10 untreated control (non-AR) subjects. In placebo-treated AR subjects, the degree of congestion, rhinorrhea, sneezing, ET dysfunction, and nasal obstruction closely tracked pollen counts. However, symptoms, ET obstruction, and nasal obstruction persisted well beyond the temporal peak in pollen counts. There were no changes in mucociliary transport or pulmonary function during pollen exposure. Compared to placebo, chlorpheniramine-treated subjects manifested significantly less (p < .05) seasonal sneezing and rhinorrhea, but similar degrees of nasal congestion, ET dysfunction, and nasal obstruction. Pollen-related changes in nasal physiology and symptoms were not detected in the non-AR subjects. These data document that chlorpheniramine significantly attenuated the seasonal increases in rhinorrhea and sneezing, but did not lessen the concommitant physiologic alterations or the increase in nasal congestion.
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3

Bechtold, David A., and Andrew S. I. Loudon. "Hypothalamic Thyroid Hormones: Mediators of Seasonal Physiology." Endocrinology 148, no. 8 (August 1, 2007): 3605–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2007-0596.

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4

Köhler, Meike, Nekane Marín-Moratalla, Xavier Jordana, and Ronny Aanes. "Seasonal bone growth and physiology in endotherms shed light on dinosaur physiology." Nature 487, no. 7407 (June 27, 2012): 358–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature11264.

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5

Wehr, Thomas A. "Melatonin and Seasonal Rhythms." Journal of Biological Rhythms 12, no. 6 (December 1997): 518–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074873049701200605.

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6

Smagula, Stephen F., Caitlin M. DuPont, Megan A. Miller, Robert T. Krafty, Brant P. Hasler, Peter L. Franzen, and Kathryn A. Roecklein. "Rest-activity rhythms characteristics and seasonal changes in seasonal affective disorder." Chronobiology International 35, no. 11 (July 19, 2018): 1553–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2018.1496094.

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7

Migaud, Martine, Martine Batailler, Delphine Pillon, Isabelle Franceschini, and Benoît Malpaux. "Seasonal Changes in Cell Proliferation in the Adult Sheep Brain and Pars Tuberalis." Journal of Biological Rhythms 26, no. 6 (November 30, 2011): 486–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748730411420062.

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To adapt to seasonal variations in the environment, most mammalian species exhibit seasonal cycles in their physiology and behavior. Seasonal plasticity in the structure and function of the central nervous system contributes to the adaptation of this physiology in seasonal mammals. As part of these plasticity mechanisms, seasonal variations in proliferation rate and neuron production have been extensively studied in songbirds. In this report, we investigated whether this type of brain plasticity also occurs in sheep, a seasonal species, by assessing variations in cell proliferation in the sheep diencephalon. We administered the cell birth marker 5′-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) to adult female sheep in July and December, during long and short photoperiod, respectively. The BrdU incorporation was analyzed and quantified in the hypothalamus, a key center for neuroendocrine regulations, as well as in other structures involved in relaying neuroendocrine and sensory information, including the median eminence, the pars tuberalis of the pituitary gland, and the thalamus. In December, 2-fold and 6-fold increases in the number of BrdU+ nuclei were observed in the hypothalamus and thalamus, respectively, when compared with July. This variation is independent of the influence of peripheral gonadal estradiol variations. An inverse seasonal regulation of cell proliferation was observed in the pars tuberalis. In contrast, no seasonal variation in cell proliferation was seen in the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle. Many of the newborn cells in the adult ovine hypothalamus and thalamus differentiate into neurons and glial cells, as assessed by the expression of neuronal (DCX, NeuN) and glial (GFAP, S100B) fate markers. In summary, we show that the estimated cell proliferation rates in the sheep hypothalamus, thalamus, and pars tuberalis are different between seasons. These variations are independent of the seasonal fluctuations of peripheral estradiol levels, unlike the results described in the brain nuclei involved in song control of avian species.
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Asikainen, Juha, Anne-Mari Mustonen, Heikki Hyvärinen, and Petteri Nieminen. "Seasonal Physiology of the Wild Raccoon Dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides)." Zoological Science 21, no. 4 (April 2004): 385–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2108/zsj.21.385.

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9

Rutledge, James M., J. J. Volenec, R. H. Hurley, and Z. J. Reicher. "Seasonal Changes in Morphology and Physiology of Roughstalk Bluegrass." Crop Science 52, no. 2 (March 2012): 858–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2011.04.0225.

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10

Rusak, Benjamin. "Seasonal Affective Disorder: An Introduction." Journal of Biological Rhythms 3, no. 2 (June 1988): 97–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074873048800300201.

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Дисертації з теми "Seasonal physiology"

1

Spacht, Drew Evan. "Seasonal, habitat, and stress-related responses of insects in cold environments." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1588946793797684.

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2

Shangguan, Bumin. "A seasonal study of male reproduction and sperm physiology of three coldwater flatfish." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0020/NQ54852.pdf.

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3

Ingvarsdottir, A. "Seasonal changes in physiology and chemical composition of Calanus finmarchicus late copepodite stages." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287608.

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Late copepodite and adult stages of the copepod Calanus finmarchicus were collected north of Shetland, in the Faroe-Shetland Channel and West of Ireland on seven occasions from October 1993 to March 1996. In winter the population was found in highest concentrations at depths greater than 500 meters around the 0°C isotherm and consisted mainly of copepodite stage CV in a state of diapause. The project investigated seasonal fluctuations in dry weight, carbon, nitrogen, protein and RNA content and respiration rates. The study indicate that moulting, ovary development and ascent from overwintering depth to the surface waters in the spring is largely dependent on reserves stored from the previous summer. Oxygen consumption rates were very low at in situ temperatures in winter (7 - 30 μmol O2 gC-1 h-1 for stage CV, 29 - 148 μmol O2 gC-1 h-1 for stage CV, 332 μmol O2 gC-1 h-1 for females). Overwintering animals showed significant response to changes in temperature. The animals regulated their oxygen consumption with declining partial pressure of oxygen but oxygen consumption decreased when oxygen tension dropped below 80 Torr for stage CV and 100 Torr for females. Oxygen consumption tended to decrease with increasing body weight but he correlation was poor, possibly owing to the variable amount of stored fat. In March respiration rates of fed stage CV were consistently higher than for non-feeding specimens at all temperatures. Temperature constituted a major factor in the change in respiration rates while feeding increased the oxygen consumption only slightly. A model was constructed to estimate survival of overwintering animals with carbon content equivalent to that expected of animals in October. In order to survive during winter and have enough energy for moulting and ascent these animals have to live at temperatures close to 0°C and be in a diapause state.
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McStay, Elsbeth. "Photoperiod regulation of molecular clocks and seasonal physiology in the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/11012.

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Recent years have seen considerable advances in the study of biological rhythms and the underlying molecular mechanisms that drive the daily and seasonal physiology of vertebrates. Amongst teleosts the majority of work in this field has focused on the model species the zebrafish to characterise clock genes and the molecular feedback loop that underpins circadian rhythms and physiology. Daily profiles of clock gene expression in a wide variety of tissues and cell types are now relatively well described. However the zebrafish is a tropical species that does not display distinct seasonality and therefore may not be the species of choice to investigate the entrainment of circannual physiology. In contrast, Atlantic salmon is a highly seasonal teleost that displays considerable temporal organisation of most physiological processes. In salmonids photoperiod is widely known to synchronise physiology to the environmental conditions and as such photoperiod manipulation is routinely used by the salmon industry throughout the production cycle to control and manipulate spawning, smoltification and puberty. Previous studies in salmonid species have already identified a set of clock genes that are linked to these seasonal physiological processes. However, to date, the molecular mechanisms regulating daily and seasonal physiology are largely unknown despite the strong commercial relevance in the Atlantic salmon. In the Atlantic salmon, Davie et al (2009) was the first to report the photoperiod dependent circadian expression of clock genes (Clock, Bmal and Per2 and Cry2) in the brain of the Atlantic salmon. In the same investigation the expression of clock genes was reported in a wide variety of peripheral tissues, however 24h profiles of expression in peripheral tissues were not characterised. In order to examine further the role of seasonal photoperiod on the circadian expression of clock genes, the present work first aimed to characterise diel profiles of Clock, Per1 and Per 2 expression in the brain together with plasma melatonin levels in II Atlantic salmon acclimated to either long day (LD), short day (SD), 12L:12D (referred to as experiment 1 throughout) and SNP (referred to as experiment 2 throughout). Photoperiod dependent clocks were also investigated in peripheral tissues, namely in the fin and liver. Results showed circadian profiles of melatonin under all photoperiods. In experiment 1 both Clock and Per2 displayed significant circadian expression in fish exposed to LD. This is in contrast to previous results where rhythmic clock gene expression was observed under SD. In addition, clock gene expression differed in response to experimental photoperiod in the liver, and diel rhythm differed to that of the brain. No rhythmic expression was observed in the fin. Levels of plasma melatonin exhibited a circadian rhythm peaking during the nocturnal phase as expected. However the amplitude of nocturnal melatonin was significantly elevated under LD (experiment 1) and the SNP long day photoperiod and 2010 autumnal equinox samples (experiment 2). Overall results from these experiments suggested that the control of clock gene expression would be photoperiod dependent in the brain and the liver however photoperiod history is also likely to influence clock gene expression. Interestingly, the gradual seasonal changes in photoperiod under SNP did not elicit similar profiles of clock gene expression as compared to experimental seasonal photoperiods and clock gene expression differed between experimental photoperiod and SNP treatments. In experiment 2 significant seasonal differences were also observed in the amplitude of individual clock gene expression. The mechanisms underlying this and potential impact on seasonal physiology are unknown. Developmental changes such as the smoltification process or abiotic factors such as temperature or salinity should be further investigated. In mammals previous work has focused on the molecular switch for photoperiod response and regulation of thyroid hormone bioactivity via deiodinase mediated conversion of T4 to the biologically active form T3. In mammals and birds expression of key seasonal molecular markers i.e. Tsh, Eya3 and Dio2, are up-regulated hours after exposure to the first LD and III persist under chronic LD conditions. In order to confirm the involvement of these genes in the seasonal photoperiodic response in salmon, a microarray study was first carried out. Results displayed transcriptome level differences in the seasonal expression of a wide variety of target genes including Eya3 and Dio1-3 in relation to LD and SD photoperiod suggesting that these genes may have a conserved role in salmon. qPCR validations of selected genes of interest were then performed (Dio1, Dio2 and Dio3, Eya3 and Tshover diel cycles in fish exposed to LD and SD photoperiod (autumn acclimated fish). In addition an unrelated qPCR study was undertaken in salmon parr acclimated to LD, 12L12D and SD photoperiod (spring acclimated fish)(Dio2, Eya3 and Tsh. Consistent with findings obtained in other vertebrate species, circadian expression of Dio2 was observed under LD. However expression of Eya3 and Tsh appeared to be dependent on photoperiod history prior to acclimation to the experimental photoperiods as already suggested for clock gene expression in this thesis. This is potentially a consequence of direct regulation by clock genes. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the expression of key molecular components that drive vertebrate seasonal rhythms in a salmonid species. The thesis then focused on another key component of the photoneuroendocrine axis in fish, the pineal organ. In the Atlantic salmon, as in other teleosts the photoreceptive pineal organ is considered by many to be essential to the generation, synchronisation and maintenance of circadian and seasonal rhythms. This would be primarily achieved via the action of melatonin although direct evidence is still lacking in fish. In salmonids the production of pineal melatonin is regulated directly by light and levels are continually elevated under constant darkness. In non salmonid teleosts the rhythmic high at night/ low during day melatonin levels persists endogenously under constant conditions and is hypothesised to be governed by light and intra- pineal clocks. The aims of the present in vitro and in vivo trials were to determine if circadian clocks and Aanat2 expression, the rate limiting enzyme for melatonin IV production, are present in salmon, test the ability of the pineal to independently re-entrain itself to a different photoperiod and establish whether the candidate clock genes and Aanat2 expression can be sustained under un-entrained conditions. Expression of clock genes was first studied in vitro with pineal organs exposed to either 12L:12D photoperiod, reversed 12D:12L photoperiod and 24D. Clock gene expression was also determined in vivo, in fish exposed to 12L:12D. Results were then contrasted with an in vitro (12L:12D) investigation in the European seabass, a species displaying endogenous melatonin synthesis. Results revealed no rhythmic clock gene (Clock, per1 and per2) expression in isolated salmon pineals in culture under any of the culture conditions. In the seabass, Clock and Per1 did not also display circadian expression in vitro. However rhythmic expression of Cry2 and Per1 was observed in vivo in the salmon pineal. This suggested some degree of extra-pineal regulation of clocks in the Atlantic salmon. In terms of Aanat2 no rhythmic expression was observed in the Atlantic salmon under any experimental conditions while rhythmic expression of Aanat2 mRNA was observed in seabass pineals. This is consistent with the hypothesis that in salmonids AANAT2 is regulated directly at the protein level by light while in other teleosts, such as seabass, AANAT2 is also regulated by clocks at a transcriptional level.
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5

Wilson, Byron Sanders. "Latitudinal variation in the ecology of a lizard : seasonal differences in mortality and physiology /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5213.

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6

Brockington, Simon. "The seasonal ecology and physiology of Sterechinus neumayeri (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) at Adelaide Island, Antarctica." Thesis, Open University, 2001. http://oro.open.ac.uk/58168/.

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This study used an energy budget approach to record changes in the biology of the Antarctic sea urchin Sterechinus neumayeri in relation to environmental seasonality (i. e changes in chlorophyll standing stock and seawater temperature) over an unbroken two year period. Chlorophyll standing stock showed a brief but intense bloom each austral summer which contrasted with prolonged winter minima. Benthic chlorophyll standing stock, as recorded from sediment cores showed a similar cycle. Seawater temperature varied between -1.8°C and +1.2°C. Feeding activity was highly seasonal and closely correlated to chlorophyll standing stock. Feeding ceased during the austral winter of 1997 and 1998 for 6 and 4 months respectively. Metabolism, as measured by oxygen consumption and also ammonia excretion showed strong seasonality, with relatively brief 3 to 4 month periods of elevated activity in the austral summer contrasting with prolonged winter dormancy. Laboratory studies indicated that only 10-15% of the 3 fold seasonal rise in metabolism was caused directly by temperature (Q10=2.5) and that 80- 85% was related to increased physiological activity associated with feeding. Growth rate was measured over one year and was very slow. Comparison with other studies indicated that echinoid growth rate is strongly dependent on food availability, but that maximal growth rate is limited by seawater temperature, or by a co-varying factor. S. neumayeri is an annual spawner and histology was used to describe both the vitellogenic cycle and also to calculate reproductive output. Comparison with other published studies worldwide indicated that reproductive output is highly dependent on food availability, and that maximal reproductive output is not limited by temperature. Although the overall P: B ratio was low, the ratio of reproductive production to total production was higher than expected. These results indicated that due to the low metabolic rate only 12-16% of total body energy levels were used to endure the prolonged non-feeding polar winter. The overall annual growth efficiency was greater than for warmer water species, due to the larger relative contribution to reproductive output.
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Zysling, Devin A. "The role of energetic trade-offs associated with seasonal variation in immune function." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3344617.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Biology, 2008.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Oct. 8, 2009). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-02, Section: B, page: 0774. Adviser: Gregory E. Demas.
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Welman, Shaun. "Seasonal changes in the heat production of an African small mammal, Rhabdomys pumilio." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/21417.

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Endothermy refers to the ability of an individual to produce heat from internal sources, and allows animals to maintain a body temperature that is higher than their external environment. Although much is known about the benefits of endothermy, its origin is highly debated. Nonetheless, due to environmental variation, endotherms have to regulate their heat production (thermogenesis) in order to remain normothermic. An endotherms regulatory response seems to be body size dependent. Keeping warm during cold periods is energetically expensive, and for small mammals this is exacerbated by their high rate of heat loss due to high surface area to volume ratios. To compensate for the heat lost, small non-hibernating mammals must increase their level of thermogenesis. Much of our current understanding of thermogenic responses of small mammals is derived from laboratory acclimated animals, and studies on naturally acclimatized animals are uncommon. In addition, most studies on thermogenesis tend to focus on one level of animal organisation, such as subcellular, tissue or in-vivo, but seldom integrate these data. The aim of this study was to measure year-round variation in thermogenesis across all levels of organisation, using naturally acclimatized Rhabdomys pumilio individuals from the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth. It was predicted that the level of thermogenesis would be significantly higher during winter relative to other seasons in order to cope with the low ambient temperatures (Tas) experienced during this season. Open flow respirometry was used to measure the animal's oxygen consumption, as a proxy for metabolism; the by product of which is heat production. The animal's basal metabolic rate (BMR), nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) capacity and summit metabolic rate (MSUM) were measured. A Western blot analysis was used to determine the expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP 1) in the animals' brown adipose tissue (BAT), as well as determine its relative concentration. The cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity of the animals' visceral organs and BAT was measured, as an indicator of the tissues' metabolic activity. COX activity was determined as the difference in the tissues' oxygen consumption before and after the addition of horse cytochrome c.
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Durand, Mireille Françoise. "Total and Timothy grass pollen specific salivary immunoglobulin A in physiology and seasonal alergic rhinitis." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405053.

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10

Polites, Harry Gregory. "The Respiratory Response of Busycon canaliculatum (L) to Seasonal Variation of Water Temperature, Salinity, and Oxygen." W&M ScholarWorks, 1987. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625387.

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Книги з теми "Seasonal physiology"

1

Durand, Mireille Françoise. Total and timothy grass pollen specific salivary immunoglobulin A in physiology and seasonal allergic rhinitis. Wolverhampton: University of Wolverhampton, 2003.

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2

A tree for all seasons. Washington, D.C: National Geographic Society, 1999.

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3

Leon, Kreitzman, ed. Seasons of life: The biological rhythms that enable living things to thrive and survive. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009.

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4

Joe, Nelson Randy, ed. Seasonal patterns of stress, immune function, and disease. Cambridge, U.K: Cambridge University Press, 2002.

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5

Living In A Seasonal World Thermoregulatory And Metabolic Adaptations. Springer, 2012.

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6

K, Brockman Diane, and Schaik Carel van, eds. Seasonality in primates: Studies of living and extinct human and non-human primates. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.

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Cosgrove, Richard, and Jillian Garvey. Behavioural inferences from Late Pleistocene Aboriginal Australia. Edited by Umberto Albarella, Mauro Rizzetto, Hannah Russ, Kim Vickers, and Sarah Viner-Daniels. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199686476.013.49.

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Detailed research into marsupial behavioural ecology and modelling of past Aboriginal exploitation of terrestrial fauna has been scarce. Poor bone preservation is one limiting factor in Australian archaeological sites, but so has been the lack of research concerning the ecology and physiology of Australia’s endemic fauna. Much research has focused on marine and fresh-water shell-fish found in coastal and inland midden sites. Detailed studies into areas such as seasonality of past human occupation and nutritional returns from terrestrial prey species have not had the same attention. This chapter reviews the current level of published Australian research into two aspects of faunal studies, seasonality and nutrition. It describes the patterns from well-researched faunal data excavated from the Ice Age sites in southwest Tasmania. Concentration is on the vertebrate fauna found in seven limestone cave sites to examine any temporal changes to seasonal butchery and identify any differences between seasonally occupied sites.
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Lennart, Wetterberg, ed. Light and biological rhythms in man. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1993.

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Kinsey, Randy Jay. A measure of physiologic changes experienced by Division I football athletes from pre-season to post-season. 1989.

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Bernard, Robin. Tree for All Seasons. Tandem Library, 2003.

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Частини книг з теми "Seasonal physiology"

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Malpaux, Benoît. "The Neuroendocrine Control of Seasonal Rhythms." In Neuroendocrinology in Physiology and Medicine, 435–51. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-707-9_25.

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Pretzlaff, Iris, and Kathrin H. Dausmann. "Impact of Climatic Variation on the Hibernation Physiology of Muscardinus avellanarius." In Living in a Seasonal World, 85–97. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28678-0_8.

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Ullrey, Duane E. "Seasonal Starvation in Northern White-Tailed Deer." In Comparative Physiology of Fasting, Starvation, and Food Limitation, 297–307. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29056-5_18.

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Hafeez, Mehak, and Irfan Ahmad. "Melatonin and Seasonal Reproduction in Teleosts." In Recent updates in molecular Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology of Fish, 181–92. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8369-8_13.

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Webb, R., and I. K. Gauld. "Genetics and Physiology of Follicle Recruitment and Maturation during Seasonal Anoestrus." In Endocrine Causes of Seasonal and Lactational Anestrus in Farm Animals, 19–28. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5026-9_4.

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Masman, Dirkjan, Serge Daan, and Maurine Dietz. "Heat Increment of Feeding in the Kestrel, Falco tinnunculus, and its Natural Seasonal Variation." In Physiology of Cold Adaptation in Birds, 123–35. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0031-2_13.

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Zhang, Xueying, Xinyu Liu, and Dehua Wang. "Seasonal Changes in Body Mass and Energy Balance in Wild Small Mammals." In Comparative Physiology of Fasting, Starvation, and Food Limitation, 207–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29056-5_13.

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Nelson, C. J. "Physiology and Developmental Morphology." In Cool-Season Forage Grasses, 87–125. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr34.c4.

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Parolin, Pia, Leandro V. Ferreira, Maria Teresa F. Piedade, Cátia Nunes da Cunha, Florian Wittmann, and Mauricio E. Arias. "Flood Tolerant Trees in Seasonally Inundated Lowland Tropical Floodplains." In Tree Physiology, 127–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27422-5_6.

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Follett, Brian K. "The Physiology of Puberty in Seasonally Breeding Birds." In Follicle Stimulating Hormone, 54–65. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7103-8_4.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Seasonal physiology"

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Sazanova, K. V., E. R. Kotlova, M. A. Vinogradskaya, N. V. Petrova, N. I. Pavlova, R. K. Puzansky, N. A. Medvedeva, A. L. Shavarda, and D. V. Geltman. "Seasonal metabolomic changes in plants of the genus Euphorbia." In IX Congress of society physiologists of plants of Russia "Plant physiology is the basis for creating plants of the future". Kazan University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/978-5-00130-204-9-2019-386.

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Пономаренко, Елена, та Татьяна Пазяева. "Оптимизация элементов технологии возделывания томатов в защищенном грунте по малообъемной технологии". У VIIth International Scientific Conference “Genetics, Physiology and Plant Breeding”. Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/gppb7.2021.43.

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The elements of the technology of cultivation of tomatoes by a low-volume hydroponic method using the mineral wool substrate "Grodan" have been studied. The advantages of growing crops by the method of low-volume technology in the greenhouse complex SRL "Polimer Gaz Conducte", Falesti, Moldova are shown. The trade name of the branch is "EcoAgroPrim". Greenhouse SRL "PolimerGazPrim" is a member of the Moldovan Association "Association of Farmers of Moldova", which includes 128 greenhouse facilities. The enterprise produces 130-245 tons of pink-fruited indoor (greenhouse) tomato per year. We studied and analyzed the elements of technology for growing tomatoes in greenhouses using low-volume technology and carried out phenological observations and biometric measurements of plants for several years 2015-2020. It is shown that based on the analysis of phenological observations and biometric measurements, a table of the seasonal development of the crop was compiled, and the highest yield was noted in May and June for all years of observation and, accordingly, the gross harvest was the highest during this period.
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Tabalenkova, G. N., and R. V. Malyshev. "Comparative analysis of seasonal changes in physiological and biochemical parameters of shoots of winter-vegetating conifers." In IX Congress of society physiologists of plants of Russia "Plant physiology is the basis for creating plants of the future. Kazan University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/978-5-00130-204-9-2019-422.

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Vasilieva, I. V., T. D. Tatarinova, L. V. Vetchinnikova, A. A. Perk, and A. G. Ponomarev. "Composition and seasonal changes in dehydrins in the kidneys of different species of birch in contrasting regions." In IX Congress of society physiologists of plants of Russia "Plant physiology is the basis for creating plants of the future". Kazan University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/978-5-00130-204-9-2019-94.

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Chernobrovkina, N. P., E. V. Robonen, M. I. Zaitseva, and A. V. Egorova. "The accumulation of L-arginine in the needles of Pinus sylvestris L. in seasonal dynamics at different periods of application of nitrogen and boron." In IX Congress of society physiologists of plants of Russia "Plant physiology is the basis for creating plants of the future". Kazan University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/978-5-00130-204-9-2019-470.

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Маковей, Милания. "Использование мутантных генов томата при селекции на гетерозис". У VIIth International Scientific Conference “Genetics, Physiology and Plant Breeding”. Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/gppb7.2021.60.

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The article presents the results on the use of lines of carriers of mutant marker genes in crossings to obtain heterotic F1 hybrids. The degree of dominance of the main traits of determining productivity (the duration of the growing season, the average number of flowers on inflorescences, the number of fruits and the mass of the fruit), depending on the characteristics of the initial parental forms, is shown. Combina-tions of hybrids with a high effect of heterosis in all studied features are isolated.
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Balmus, Zinaida, and Ludmila Cotelea. "Parfum perfect soi timpuriu de Salvia sclarea L." In VIIth International Scientific Conference “Genetics, Physiology and Plant Breeding”. Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/gppb7.2021.48.

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The biological Salvia sclarea L. (sage) is a species with a special economic value, determined by the essential oil that has multiple uses in perfumery, cosmetics, aromatherapy, food, etc. The variety Par-fum Perfect is a triple hybrid with constant heterosis. The content of essential oil was determined three times per season through hydro distillation in Ginsberg apparatus and recalculated for dry matter. The production of essential oil in two years of harvesting constitutes 73,5kg/ha (8,7 kg/ha in first year and 64,8 in second year). The variety's efficiency is 3,2kg essential oil of per ton of inflorescences.
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Cubukcu, Pinar, Korhan Sahar, and C. Aylin Oluk. "Oil, protein content and fatty acid compositions of soybean genotypes evaluated in double cropping system at the eastern mediterranean in Turkey." In VIIth International Scientific Conference “Genetics, Physiology and Plant Breeding”. Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/gppb7.2021.100.

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Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) is very important crop for food, protein, and oil both human and animal feeding. The aim of this study determinate oil ratio, protein ratio and fatty acid compositions of Soybean breeding lines developed from Eastern Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute (EMARI). This study was conductucted in double cropping system at the Eastern Mediterranean Agricul-tural Research Institute ( EMARI), Turkey in 2019 growing seasons. Through this study, it was realised that the fatty acid composition of soybean lines ranged from 11.34-9.80 for palmitic acid, 4.30-6.54% for stearic acid, 26.16-34.11% for oleic acid, 42.82-48.12% for linoleic, and 4.54-5.43% for linolenic acid in double cropped soybean. Oil content was found 22.4%, protein content was 40.9 % DA 12-14-3 and DA 12-15-39-40 soybean lines repectively.
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Козарь, Елена, И. Енгалычева, А. Антошкин, Е. Козарь, Наталия Мащенко та Ала Боровская. "Использование вторичных метаболитов высших растений для обработки семян фасоли". У VIIth International Scientific Conference “Genetics, Physiology and Plant Breeding”. Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/gppb7.2021.15.

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The use of preparations based on secondary plant metabolites is an alternative to chemical pesti-cides, to which the vegetable bean culture is very sensitive. Аll preparations stimulate the germination and development of the root system of seedlings, which contributes to an increase in the germination and resistance of beans to Fusarium in the early stages of development. 0.01% concentration is the most op-timal for treating beans before sowing. Verbascoside exhibits a prolonged immunomodulatory effect and effectively inhibits the development of the disease throughout the growing season. Bioregulators mold-stim and linaroside work more effectively together with chemical fungicides, reducing their phytotoxicity and increasing plant stress resiastance.
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Гинда, Елена, та Наталья Трескина. "Использование регуляторов роста растений для реализации продуктивного потенциала столового сорта винограда велика в зависимости от гидротермических условий периода вегетации". У VIIth International Scientific Conference “Genetics, Physiology and Plant Breeding”. Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/gppb7.2021.37.

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In field experience, the influence of two-fold processing of table grape plants was studied by the Gibber-ellin, Zircon and Epin extra growth regulators on the structure of the bunch, yield and saccharinity of berry juice depending on the hydrothermal conditions of the growing season. It was established that the treatment of grape plants of the Great variety by growth regulators allows to reduce the negative influence of adverse ex-ternal factors and increase the productivity and quality of grape berries. Under more humidified conditions, treatment of Epin Extra plants (3.2 ml/l) contributes to an increase in yield by 82%, in dry conditions - Zir-conom (0.6 ml/l) by 1.5 times compared to control. The use of growth regulators contributes to a greater ac-cumulation of sugar in the juice of berries.
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Звіти організацій з теми "Seasonal physiology"

1

Brosh, Arieh, David Robertshaw, Yoav Aharoni, Zvi Holzer, Mario Gutman, and Amichai Arieli. Estimation of Energy Expenditure of Free Living and Growing Domesticated Ruminants by Heart Rate Measurement. United States Department of Agriculture, April 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7580685.bard.

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Research objectives were: 1) To study the effect of diet energy density, level of exercise, thermal conditions and reproductive state on cardiovascular function as it relates to oxygen (O2) mobilization. 2) To validate the use of heart rate (HR) to predict energy expenditure (EE) of ruminants, by measuring and calculating the energy balance components at different productive and reproductive states. 3) To validate the use of HR to identify changes in the metabolizable energy (ME) and ME intake (MEI) of grazing ruminants. Background: The development of an effective method for the measurement of EE is essential for understanding the management of both grazing and confined feedlot animals. The use of HR as a method of estimating EE in free-ranging large ruminants has been limited by the availability of suitable field monitoring equipment and by the absence of empirical understanding of the relationship between cardiac function and metabolic rate. Recent developments in microelectronics provide a good opportunity to use small HR devices to monitor free-range animals. The estimation of O2 uptake (VO2) of animals from their HR has to be based upon a consistent relationship between HR and VO2. The question as to whether, or to what extent, feeding level, environmental conditions and reproductive state affect such a relationship is still unanswered. Studies on the basic physiology of O2 mobilization (in USA) and field and feedlot-based investigations (in Israel) covered a , variety of conditions in order to investigate the possibilities of using HR to estimate EE. In USA the physiological studies conducted using animals with implanted flow probes, show that: I) although stroke volume decreases during intense exercise, VO2 per one heart beat per kgBW0.75 (O2 Pulse, O2P) actually increases and measurement of EE by HR and constant O2P may underestimate VO2unless the slope of the regression relating to heart rate and VO2 is also determined, 2) alterations in VO2 associated with the level of feeding and the effects of feeding itself have no effect on O2P, 3) both pregnancy and lactation may increase blood volume, especially lactation; but they have no effect on O2P, 4) ambient temperature in the range of 15 to 25°C in the resting animal has no effect on O2P, and 5) severe heat stress, induced by exercise, elevates body temperature to a sufficient extent that 14% of cardiac output may be required to dissipate the heat generated by exercise rather than for O2 transport. However, this is an unusual situation and its affect on EE estimation in a freely grazing animal, especially when heart rate is monitored over several days, is minor. In Israel three experiments were carried out in the hot summer to define changes in O2P attributable to changes in the time of day or In the heat load. The animals used were lambs and young calves in the growing phase and highly yielding dairy cows. In the growing animals the time of day, or the heat load, affected HR and VO2, but had no effect on O2P. On the other hand, the O2P measured in lactating cows was affected by the heat load; this is similar to the finding in the USA study of sheep. Energy balance trials were conducted to compare MEI recovery by the retained energy (RE) and by EE as measured by HR and O2P. The trial hypothesis was that if HR reliably estimated EE, the MEI proportion to (EE+RE) would not be significantly different from 1.0. Beef cows along a year of their reproductive cycle and growing lambs were used. The MEI recoveries of both trials were not significantly different from 1.0, 1.062+0.026 and 0.957+0.024 respectively. The cows' reproductive state did not affect the O2P, which is similar to the finding in the USA study. Pasture ME content and animal variables such as HR, VO2, O2P and EE of cows on grazing and in confinement were measured throughout three years under twenty-nine combinations of herbage quality and cows' reproductive state. In twelve grazing states, individual faecal output (FO) was measured and MEI was calculated. Regression analyses of the EE and RE dependent on MEI were highly significant (P<0.001). The predicted values of EE at zero intake (78 kcal/kgBW0.75), were similar to those estimated by NRC (1984). The EE at maintenance condition of the grazing cows (EE=MEI, 125 kcal/kgBW0.75) which are in the range of 96.1 to 125.5 as presented by NRC (1996 pp 6-7) for beef cows. Average daily HR and EE were significantly increased by lactation, P<0.001 and P<0.02 respectively. Grazing ME significantly increased HR and EE, P<0.001 and P<0.00l respectively. In contradiction to the finding in confined ewes and cows, the O2P of the grazing cows was significantly affected by the combined treatments (P<0.00l ); this effect was significantly related to the diet ME (P<0.00l ) and consequently to the MEI (P<0.03). Grazing significantly increased O2P compared to confinement. So, when EE of grazing animals during a certain season of the year is estimated using the HR method, the O2P must be re measured whenever grazing ME changes. A high correlation (R2>0.96) of group average EE and of HR dependency on MEI was also found in confined cows, which were fed six different diets and in growing lambs on three diets. In conclusion, the studies conducted in USA and in Israel investigated in depth the physiological mechanisms of cardiovascular and O2 mobilization, and went on to investigate a wide variety of ruminant species, ages, reproductive states, diets ME, time of intake and time of day, and compared these variables under grazing and confinement conditions. From these combined studies we can conclude that EE can be determined from HR measurements during several days, multiplied by O2P measured over a short period of time (10-15 min). The study showed that RE could be determined during the growing phase without slaughtering. In the near future the development microelectronic devices will enable wide use of the HR method to determine EE and energy balance. It will open new scopes of physiological and agricultural research with minimizes strain on animals. The method also has a high potential as a tool for herd management.
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