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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "SCHEME- SUDAN"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 вересня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "SCHEME- SUDAN"

1

Hussein, Ahmed S. A., and Ahmed K. El Daw. "Evapotranspiration in Sudan Gezira Irrigation Scheme." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 115, no. 6 (December 1989): 1018–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9437(1989)115:6(1018).

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2

Elnour Angara, Tamador-Elkhansaa, and Adil Abdel Rahman Ali Ismail. "Socioeconomic Aspects of Brucellosis in Kuku Dairy Scheme, Khartoum State, Sudan." Indian Journal of Applied Research 4, no. 8 (October 1, 2011): 685–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/august2014/203.

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3

SHEPHERD, ANDREW. "Sudan: The Gezira scheme and agricultural transition." African Affairs 91, no. 363 (April 1992): 296–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a098508.

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4

Guvele, C. "Dynamics of irrigation water use in Sudan Gezira scheme." Water Policy 3, no. 5 (2001): 363–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1366-7017(01)00077-0.

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5

Al-Feel, Mohamed Ahmed, and Authayla Abdul Razig AL-Basheer. "Economic efficiency of wheat production in Gezira scheme, Sudan." Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2011.08.001.

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6

Guvele, C. A. "Gains from crop diversification in the Sudan Gezira scheme." Agricultural Systems 70, no. 1 (October 2001): 319–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0308-521x(01)00030-0.

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7

Amin, Mutamad, and Hwiada Abubaker. "CONTROL OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS IN THE GEZIRA IRRIGATION SCHEME, SUDAN." Journal of Biosocial Science 49, no. 1 (February 29, 2016): 83–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932016000079.

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SummaryThis paper analyses the changing patterns of infection with Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium in the Gezira Irrigation Scheme, Sudan. Taking a historical perspective, it shows the way in which factors such as ecology, biology, social and economic variables and politics have shaped patterns of infection, and how different kinds of strategies have been developed to control schistosomal infection over time. Wider political and economic issues at both national and international levels have shaped these strategies, influencing the prevalence and intensity of schistosomal infection at a local level. By highlighting the inter-play between the above-mentioned factors, the article reflects on the wisdom of prioritizing community-directed mass drug administration for the control of schistosomiasis in Gezira and elsewhere. The review demonstrates that not all efforts to control schistosomiasis are sustainable. A comprehensive control strategy involving political commitment, community participation and socioeconomic development is important for sustainable control of schistosomal infection.

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8

KARAR, R. O., B. F. MOHAMED, and R. H. MARRS. "Factors influencing the weed flora in the Gezira Scheme, Sudan." Weed Research 45, no. 2 (April 2005): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.2004.00441.x.

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9

Al Zayed, Islam Sabry, Nadir Ahmed Elagib, Lars Ribbe, and Jürgen Heinrich. "Spatio-temporal performance of large-scale Gezira Irrigation Scheme, Sudan." Agricultural Systems 133 (February 2015): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2014.10.009.

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10

Meyer-Lassen, J., A. A. Daffalla, and H. Madsen. "Evaluation of focal mollusciciding in the Rahad Irrigation Scheme, Sudan." Acta Tropica 58, no. 3-4 (December 1994): 229–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0001-706x(94)90017-5.

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Дисертації з теми "SCHEME- SUDAN"

1

Omer, Tyseer el Hadi [Verfasser]. "Knowledge networking among actors of Rahad Agriculture scheme, Sudan / Tyseer El hadi Omer." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1065250924/34.

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2

Clarkson, Anna Ingerith. "Courts, councils and citizenship : political culture in the Gezira scheme in condominium Sudan." Thesis, Durham University, 2005. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2961/.

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The Gezira Scheme of northern Sudan has been consistently portrayed as a totalising institution which imposed a distinctly new form of social and economic organisation upon a tenant body. This study reassesses the impact of the Gezira Scheme, suggesting that the changes brought by the Scheme were of degree rather than type, and did not disrupt the cultural values at the heart of society. It credits the Sudanese actors within the Scheme with an agency previously denied to them, and looks holistically at the region’s experience of governance. The Scheme is thus seen not as a controlling and oppressive institution, but rather as a tool used by a flexible and forward-looking society to improve personal circumstances. To these ends both the economic and administrative structures of central government were embraced and adapted to meet pre-existing cultural values whilst retaining the existing flexible forms of community authority. Tenants used a system created as a result of a flawed government imagination of Gezira society to pursue existing aspirations that had formerly been attainable only by a small wealthy elite. In this way, a tenant elite was created that defined itself economically and ethnically in relation to a majority non-tenant population. With devolutionary policies responding primarily to the needs of the Scheme, this economic dominance of tenants was reinforced by their political dominance of institutions of local governance. Experienced in mediating with central state structures, the tenants who controlled courts and councils were able to control their own experience of governance. Tenant elitism was ultimately revealed through the establishment of a self-identified interest group that was organised institutionally from the 1940s. Embracing both government and Scheme, tenants campaigned in defence of stated financial 'rights' based on a notion of elevated citizenship. However, the inability of all tenants to attain these universal aims split the tenant body and established a future pattern of instability within the Gezira Scheme.

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3

Ghezae, Nighisty. "Irrigation water management : a performance study of the Rahad Scheme in Sudan : 1977-1996 /." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39902811h.

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4

Karar, Rehab Omer. "Studies of the weed ecology of the Gezira scheme, Sudan : an ecological and socio-economic perspective." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288248.

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5

Eljack, Ahmed M. "The supply and price of agricultural labour in relation to the development of the Sudan Gezira Scheme." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375350.

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6

Rahamtallah, Abualgasim Majdaldin. "Mapping and Assessing Impacts of Land Use and Land Cover Change by Means of Advanced Remote Sensing Approach:." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-230455.

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Risks and uncertainties are unavoidable in agriculture in Sudan, due to its dependence on climatic factors and to the imperfect nature of the agricultural decisions and policies attributed to land cover and land use changes that occur. The current study was conducted in the Gash Agricultural Scheme (GAS) - Kassala State, as a semi-arid land in eastern Sudan. The scheme has been established to contribute to the rural development, to help stability of the nomadic population in eastern Sudan, particularly the local population around the Gash river areas, and to facilitate utilizing the river flood in growing cotton and other cash crops. In the last decade, the scheme production has declined, because of drought periods, which hit the region, sand invasion and the spread of invasive mesquite trees, in addition to administrative negligence. These have resulted also in poor agricultural productivity and the displacement of farmers away from the scheme area. Recently, the scheme is heavily disturbed by human intervention in many aspects. Consequently, resources of cultivated land have shrunk and declined during the period of the study, which in turn have led to dissatisfaction and increasing failure of satisfying increasing farmer’s income and demand for local consumption. Remote sensing applications and geospatial techniques have played a key role in studying different types of hazards whether they are natural or manmade. Multi-temporal satellite data combined with ancillary data were used to monitor, analyze and to assess land use and land cover (LULC) changes and the impact of land degradation on the scheme production, which provides the managers and decision makers with current and improved data for the purposes of proper administration of natural resources in the GAS. Information about patterns of LULC changes through time in the GAS is not only important for the management and planning, but also for a better understanding of human dimensions of environmental changes at regional scale. This study attempts to map and assess the impacts of LULC change and land degradation in GAS during a period of 38 years from 1972-2010. Dry season multi-temporal satellite imagery collected by different sensor systems was selected such as three cloud-free Landsat (MSS 1972, TM 1987 and ETM+ 1999) and ASTER (2010) satellite imagery. This imagery was geo-referenced and radiometrically and atmospherically calibrated using dark object subtraction (DOS). Two approaches of classification (object-oriented and pixel-based) were applied for classification and comparison of LULC. In addition, the study compares between the two approaches to determine which one is more compatible for classification of LULC of the GAS. The pixel-based approach performed slightly better than the object-oriented approach in the classification of LULC in the study area. Application of multi-temporal remote sensing data proved to be successful for the identification and mapping of LULC into five main classes as follows: woodland dominated by dense mesquite trees, grass and shrubs dominated by less dense mesquite trees, bare and cultivated land, stabilized fine sand and mobile sand. After image enhancement successful classification of imagery was achieved using pixel and object based approaches as well as subsequent change detection (image differencing and change matrix), supported by classification accuracy assessments and post-classification. Comparison of LULC changes shows that the land cover of GAS has changed dramatically during the investigated period. It has been discovered that more significant of LULC change processes occurred during the second studied period (1987 to 1999) than during the first period (1972-1987). In the second period nearly half of bare and cultivated lands was changed from 41372.74 ha (20.22 %) in 1987 to 28020.80 ha (13.60 %) in 1999, which was mainly due to the drought that hit the region during the mentioned period. However, the results revealed a drastic loss of bare and cultivated land, equivalent to more than 40% during the entire period (1972-2010). Throughout the whole period of study, drought and invasion of both mesquite trees and sand were responsible for the loss of more than 40% of the total productive lands. Change vector analysis (CVA) as a useful approach was applied for estimating change detection in both magnitude and direction of change. The promising approach of multivariate alteration detection (MAD) and subsequent maximum autocorrelation factor (MAD/MAF) transformation was used to support change detection via assessment of maximum correlation between the transformed variates and the specific original image bands related to specific land cover classes. However, both CVA and MAD/MAD strongly prove the fact that bare and cultivated land have dramatically changed and decreased continuously during the studied period. Both CVA and MAD/MAD demonstrate adequate potentials for monitoring, detecting, identifying and mapping the changes. Moreover, this research demonstrated that CVA and MAD/MAF are superior in providing qualitative details about the nature of all kinds of change. Vegetation indices (VI) such as normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI), modified adjusted vegetation index (MSAVI) and grain soil index (GSI) were applied to measure the quantitative characterization of temporal and spatial vegetation cover patterns and change. All indices remain very sensitive to structure variation of LULC. The results reveal that the NDVI is more effective for detecting the amount and status of the vegetation cover in the study area than SAVI, MSAVI and GSI. Therefore, it can be stated that NDVI can be used as a response variable to identify drought disturbance and land degradation in semi-arid land such as the GAS area. Results of detecting vegetation cover observed by using SAVI were found to be more reasonable than using MSAVI, although MSAVI reduces the background of bare soil better than SAVI. GSI proves high efficiency in determining the different types of surface soils, and producing a change map of top soil grain size, which is useful in assessment of land degradation in the study area. The linkage between socio-economic data and remotely sensed data was applied to determine the relationships between the different factors derived and to analyze the reasons for change in LULC and land degradation and its effects in the study area. The results indicate a strong relationship between LULC derived from remotely sensed data and the influencing socioeconomic variables. The results obtained from analyzing socioeconomic data confirm the findings of remote sensing data analysis, which assure that the decline and degradation of agricultural land is a result of further spread of mesquite trees and of increased invasion of sand during the study period. High livestock density and overgrazing, drought, invasion of sand, spread of invasive mesquite trees, overexploitation of land, improper management, and population growth were considered as the main direct factors responsible for degradation in the study area.

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7

Rahamtallah, Abualgasim Majdaldin [Verfasser], Elmar [Akademischer Betreuer] Csaplovics, and Mubarak [Gutachter] Abdallah. "Mapping and Assessing Impacts of Land Use and Land Cover Change by Means of Advanced Remote Sensing Approach: : A case Study of Gash Agricultural Scheme, Eastern Sudan / Majdaldin Rahamtallah Abualgasim ; Gutachter: Mubarak Abdallah ; Betreuer: Elmar Csaplovics." Dresden : Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1150309822/34.

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8

Rahamtallah, Abualgasim Majdaldin Verfasser], Elmar [Akademischer Betreuer] [Csaplovics, and Mubarak [Gutachter] Abdallah. "Mapping and Assessing Impacts of Land Use and Land Cover Change by Means of Advanced Remote Sensing Approach: : A case Study of Gash Agricultural Scheme, Eastern Sudan / Majdaldin Rahamtallah Abualgasim ; Gutachter: Mubarak Abdallah ; Betreuer: Elmar Csaplovics." Dresden : Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-230455.

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9

YOUSIF, MUSTAFA MHMOUD ALHAMEEM. "ANALYSIS OF WATER PRODUCTIVITY USING WAPOR DATABASE (CASE STUDY AL-GEZIRA SCHEME- SUDAN)." Thesis, 2022. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/19417.

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The aims of this study are calculating and analyze the seasonal and spatial variability of agricultural water productivity of wheat crop in AL-Gezira irrigation scheme in Sudan by using remote sensing derived datasets. The data used in this project were collected from WaPOR, an open access portal, and content a 30m spatial resolution 10 days interval (decadal data) of Actual evapotranspiration and interception (AETI) and Net primary production (NPP). Accordingly, the average seasonal AETI and NPP was compiled for the scheme during the period from (1/11/2017) to (1/4/2018) for the first season, (1/11/2018) to (1/4/2019) for the second season, (1/11/2019) to (1/4/2020) for the third season, (1/11/2020) to (1/4/2021) for the fourth season and (1/11/2021) to (1/4/2022) for the fifth season. The results of the AETI from the first to the fifth were as follows (553.69mm, 561.964mm, 570.88mm, 279.4mm and 278.32mm) respectively. And results of crop water productivity as follows (0.34 kg/𝑚3, 0.13 kg/𝑚3, 0.15 kg/𝑚3, 0.1 kg/𝑚3, and 0.1 kg/𝑚3) respectively. The highest water productivity was in the first season, while the lowest water productivity was in the fourth and fifth seasons. By comparing AETI and CWP, we can see that the third season is when water is wasted and water distribution isn't adequately handled. Through AETI spatial analysis, it was found that the northeastern part of the scheme suffers from a real problem in water distribution.

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10

Rahamtallah, Abualgasim Majdaldin. "Mapping and Assessing Impacts of Land Use and Land Cover Change by Means of Advanced Remote Sensing Approach:: Mapping and Assessing Impacts of Land Use and Land Cover Change by Means of Advanced Remote Sensing Approach:: A case Study of Gash Agricultural Scheme, Eastern Sudan." Doctoral thesis, 2016. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A30630.

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Risks and uncertainties are unavoidable in agriculture in Sudan, due to its dependence on climatic factors and to the imperfect nature of the agricultural decisions and policies attributed to land cover and land use changes that occur. The current study was conducted in the Gash Agricultural Scheme (GAS) - Kassala State, as a semi-arid land in eastern Sudan. The scheme has been established to contribute to the rural development, to help stability of the nomadic population in eastern Sudan, particularly the local population around the Gash river areas, and to facilitate utilizing the river flood in growing cotton and other cash crops. In the last decade, the scheme production has declined, because of drought periods, which hit the region, sand invasion and the spread of invasive mesquite trees, in addition to administrative negligence. These have resulted also in poor agricultural productivity and the displacement of farmers away from the scheme area. Recently, the scheme is heavily disturbed by human intervention in many aspects. Consequently, resources of cultivated land have shrunk and declined during the period of the study, which in turn have led to dissatisfaction and increasing failure of satisfying increasing farmer’s income and demand for local consumption. Remote sensing applications and geospatial techniques have played a key role in studying different types of hazards whether they are natural or manmade. Multi-temporal satellite data combined with ancillary data were used to monitor, analyze and to assess land use and land cover (LULC) changes and the impact of land degradation on the scheme production, which provides the managers and decision makers with current and improved data for the purposes of proper administration of natural resources in the GAS. Information about patterns of LULC changes through time in the GAS is not only important for the management and planning, but also for a better understanding of human dimensions of environmental changes at regional scale. This study attempts to map and assess the impacts of LULC change and land degradation in GAS during a period of 38 years from 1972-2010. Dry season multi-temporal satellite imagery collected by different sensor systems was selected such as three cloud-free Landsat (MSS 1972, TM 1987 and ETM+ 1999) and ASTER (2010) satellite imagery. This imagery was geo-referenced and radiometrically and atmospherically calibrated using dark object subtraction (DOS). Two approaches of classification (object-oriented and pixel-based) were applied for classification and comparison of LULC. In addition, the study compares between the two approaches to determine which one is more compatible for classification of LULC of the GAS. The pixel-based approach performed slightly better than the object-oriented approach in the classification of LULC in the study area. Application of multi-temporal remote sensing data proved to be successful for the identification and mapping of LULC into five main classes as follows: woodland dominated by dense mesquite trees, grass and shrubs dominated by less dense mesquite trees, bare and cultivated land, stabilized fine sand and mobile sand. After image enhancement successful classification of imagery was achieved using pixel and object based approaches as well as subsequent change detection (image differencing and change matrix), supported by classification accuracy assessments and post-classification. Comparison of LULC changes shows that the land cover of GAS has changed dramatically during the investigated period. It has been discovered that more significant of LULC change processes occurred during the second studied period (1987 to 1999) than during the first period (1972-1987). In the second period nearly half of bare and cultivated lands was changed from 41372.74 ha (20.22 %) in 1987 to 28020.80 ha (13.60 %) in 1999, which was mainly due to the drought that hit the region during the mentioned period. However, the results revealed a drastic loss of bare and cultivated land, equivalent to more than 40% during the entire period (1972-2010). Throughout the whole period of study, drought and invasion of both mesquite trees and sand were responsible for the loss of more than 40% of the total productive lands. Change vector analysis (CVA) as a useful approach was applied for estimating change detection in both magnitude and direction of change. The promising approach of multivariate alteration detection (MAD) and subsequent maximum autocorrelation factor (MAD/MAF) transformation was used to support change detection via assessment of maximum correlation between the transformed variates and the specific original image bands related to specific land cover classes. However, both CVA and MAD/MAD strongly prove the fact that bare and cultivated land have dramatically changed and decreased continuously during the studied period. Both CVA and MAD/MAD demonstrate adequate potentials for monitoring, detecting, identifying and mapping the changes. Moreover, this research demonstrated that CVA and MAD/MAF are superior in providing qualitative details about the nature of all kinds of change. Vegetation indices (VI) such as normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI), modified adjusted vegetation index (MSAVI) and grain soil index (GSI) were applied to measure the quantitative characterization of temporal and spatial vegetation cover patterns and change. All indices remain very sensitive to structure variation of LULC. The results reveal that the NDVI is more effective for detecting the amount and status of the vegetation cover in the study area than SAVI, MSAVI and GSI. Therefore, it can be stated that NDVI can be used as a response variable to identify drought disturbance and land degradation in semi-arid land such as the GAS area. Results of detecting vegetation cover observed by using SAVI were found to be more reasonable than using MSAVI, although MSAVI reduces the background of bare soil better than SAVI. GSI proves high efficiency in determining the different types of surface soils, and producing a change map of top soil grain size, which is useful in assessment of land degradation in the study area. The linkage between socio-economic data and remotely sensed data was applied to determine the relationships between the different factors derived and to analyze the reasons for change in LULC and land degradation and its effects in the study area. The results indicate a strong relationship between LULC derived from remotely sensed data and the influencing socioeconomic variables. The results obtained from analyzing socioeconomic data confirm the findings of remote sensing data analysis, which assure that the decline and degradation of agricultural land is a result of further spread of mesquite trees and of increased invasion of sand during the study period. High livestock density and overgrazing, drought, invasion of sand, spread of invasive mesquite trees, overexploitation of land, improper management, and population growth were considered as the main direct factors responsible for degradation in the study area.

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Книги з теми "SCHEME- SUDAN"

1

1950-, Abdelkarim Abbas, ed. Sudan: The Gezira scheme and agricultural transition. London, England: F. Cass, 1991.

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2

Plusquellec, Hervé L. The Gezira irrigation scheme in Sudan: Objectives, design, and performance. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 1990.

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3

The Gezira scheme: An illusion of development. London: F. Cass, 1987.

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4

Irrigation water management: A performance study of the Rahad Scheme in Sudan, 1977-1996. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 1998.

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5

Tenants and nomads in eastern Sudan: A study of economic adaptations in the New Halfa Scheme. Uppsala: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1985.

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6

Abdelmagid, Salah Abdelgadir. The economic impact of faba bean introduction in smallholdings: A case study of the Gezira Scheme, Sudan. Kiel, Germany: Wissenschaftsverlag Vauk Kiel, 1992.

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7

Hamada, Azhari Abdelazim. Investigations on the germination requirements and competitive effects of weeds: A case study of the Rahad Scheme in the Sudan. Weikersheim [Germany]: Josef Margraf, 1992.

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8

Adam, Mohamed Abdelgadir. The policy impacts on farmers' production and resource use in the irrigated scheme of Gezira, Sudan: A case of change from a controlled subsidised system to a free market mode of production. Köln: Wissenschaftsverlag Vauk, 1996.

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9

Hassaballa, Hassaballa Omer. Kenana project in the context of settlement schemes in the Sudan. Khartoum, Sudan: Economic and Social Research Council, National Council for Research, 1987.

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10

Shepherd, Andrew. Water, pastoralism and irrigation schemes in eastern Sudan: Development of the Butana Prairie. Birmingham, U.K: Development Administration Group, Institute of Local Government Studies, University of Birmingham, 1985.

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Частини книг з теми "SCHEME- SUDAN"

1

M. Ali, Awad, Ishraga S. Osman, Hozaifa Khalid, Maab Albager, and Amal Ibrahim. "The Impact of Different Design Approaches on Fine Sediment Transport in Gezira Scheme, Sudan." In Water Resources in Arid Lands: Management and Sustainability, 55–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67028-3_5.

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2

Barnett, Tony. "The Contract between the Tenant and The Sudan Gezira Board." In The Gezira Scheme, 89–100. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315827957-6.

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3

Carruthers, William. "Making Sudan Archaeological." In Flooded Pasts, 128–69. Cornell University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501766442.003.0005.

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This chapter discusses turning the constitution of Sudan into an archaeological terra incognita. It considers the disciplinary and professional strategies revolving around the work of British colonial administrators, the Sudanese development-minded officials, and America's Tennessee Valley Authority development scheme. Archaeology colliding with independent Sudanese officialdom helped to foster ways of thinking about the discipline that had clear colonial resonances and connection to “New World” archaeology. As construction of the Aswan High Dam became imminent, Sudanese authorities mobilized a rhetoric of the threat posed to ancient remains familiar from Egypt. The chapter mentions the documentary objects of the Nubian campaign presented by CEDAE and Sudan's documentation center.

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Ille, Enrico. "Chapter 14 The Borgeig Pump Scheme in Wartime Colonial Sudan (1942–1945): Social Hierarchies, Labour and Native Administration." In Ordinary Sudan, 1504–2019, 419–46. De Gruyter, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110719611-015.

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Bell, Heather. "Disease, Quarantine, and Racial Categories in the Gezira Irrigation Scheme." In Frontiers of Medicine in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, 1899–1940, 90–126. Oxford University Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198207498.003.0004.

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Salem-Murdock, Muneera. "Rehabilitation Efforts and Household Production Strategies: The New Halfa Agricultural Scheme in Eastern Sudan." In Lands at Risk in the Third World: Local-Level Perspectives, 337–51. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429042065-17.

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Tanakamaru, H., M. Bashir, and A. Tada. "Remote sensing-based estimates of evapotranspiration for managing scarce water resources in the Gezira scheme, Sudan." In From Headwaters to the Ocean, 381–85. CRC Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203882849.ch57.

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Smit, Hermen. "Friction along the canal: Reforming irrigation infrastructure and water user identities in the Gezira scheme in Sudan." In Making Water Security, 87–121. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003026402-4.

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Smit, Hermen. "The (re)making of a water accounting culture: entanglements of water science and development in the Waha irrigation scheme of Sudan." In Making Water Security, 123–58. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003026402-5.

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Rahman Ali, Mutasim Abdel, and Ali Abdel Aziz Salih. "The impact of privatization policy on the performance of agricultural government schemes in River Nile State, Sudan." In Sustainable Development: New Multi-Disciplinary Approaches and Methodologies, 125–33. WASD, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.47556/b.outlook2013.11.9.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "SCHEME- SUDAN"

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BOLAND, HERMANN, and OMER TYSEER. "Agriculture Knowledge and Information System within Rahad Agriculture Scheme Sudan." In Fourth International Conference on Advances in Social Science, Economics and Management Study - SEM 2016. Institute of Research Engineers and Doctors, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15224/978-1-63248-094-1-52.

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Rahamtallah Abualgasim Mohammed, Majdaldin, Elmar Csaplovics, and Osunmadewa Babatunde. "Mapping and monitoring land-cover/land-use change in the gash agricultural scheme (Eastern Sudan) using remote sensing." In SPIE Remote Sensing, edited by Christopher M. U. Neale and Antonino Maltese. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2029186.

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Tang, Xueqing, Chunxu Yu, Ruifeng Wang, Zhengxue Du, Hui Liu, and Hui Lu. "Case Study: Successful Huff and Puff Processes in a Thick, Inclined Oil Reservoir with Compositional-Gradient." In SPE Reservoir Characterisation and Simulation Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/212619-ms.

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Abstract This paper presents successful huff and puff process in a thick, inclined oil pool with compositional-gradient. Jake South field in Sudan contains two sets of oil and gas accumulations. The upper major pay includes thick (net pay of 200 ft), under-saturated oil inclined zones (dip angle 15-18 degrees), with compositional variation (23.82-32.6° API) and initial GOR of 62-105 scf/STB. The lower pay covers 12 gas-condensate and light oil (36-39° API) zones. The main technical challenges are attic oil recovery and strong aquifer encroachment. The solution is that high-pressure gas-condensate, high-GOR oil and high-pressure nitrogen areto inject into low-pressure oil zones for huff and puff process and avoid early water breakthrough since start-up of field development. The related technical aspects are below: In-house studies, including solubility and viscosity reduction test, 1D and 2D visible microscopic test, and long-tube physical simulation of huff-n-puff process, confirmed that gas-condensate could dissolve into oil, resulting in foamy oil with formation volume factor of 1.23 and viscosity reduction of 50% of initial value.In-situ huff and puff process. Single tubing string with isolation packer completion is run. To exploit attic oil in high-permeability (horizontal permeability of 2,990 md, and vertical permeability of 80% of horizontal permeability) zones, gas-condensate zones and upper two-thirds of main oil ones are perforated. High-pressure gas-condensate (condensate 60.9° API) travels up the tubing, and injects into oil zones, soaks for 2-3 weeks to allow the gas to migrate up-dip from the well and to displace up-structure oil downward towards the producer, then goes back on production. After gas/condensate zones deplete, high-GOR light zones and the additional main oil zones are opened, high-GOR light-crude and high-pressure nitrogen were co-injected into main-oil zones for huff-n-puff scheme, light oil working as a solvent to dilute the remaining lower-API oil. Injection pressure and injection volume of hydrocarbon gas and nitrogen are optimized to ensure that the well could flow naturally during the puff process.Multi-well huff and puff process. Huff and puff processes were conducted simultaneously at five up-dip producers to contact new oil, the watered-out, low-productivity down-dip wells were shut-in for pressure maintenance via gas injection to mitigate water influx into the oil zones. Field production performance illustrated that initial well production at flowing conditions from five producers ranged from 3,600 to 13,800 BOPD, with well production boosting 7- to 27-fold. The average off-take rate achieved 4.0-6.6% of OOIP per year. No early water breakthrough occurred at the prolific producers. Compositional simulation confirmed that ultimate recovery factor for oil could exceed 50%. The innovative, low-cost strategy that improves oil recovery is constructive and valuable to development of those similar oil fields.

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Čović, Ana. "PRENOS LIČNIH PODATAKA NAKON ODLUKE EVROPSKOG SUDA PRAVDE SCHREMS II." In XVIII Majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xviiimajsko.415c.

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The paper will analyze the judgment of the European Court of Justice from July 2020, which declared the transfer of personal data of Europeans to US illegal. The "Privacy Shield" is the legal framework for regulating the transatlantic exchange of personal data for commercial purposes between the European Union and the United States, which allowed US authorities to collect personal data about entities in the European Union, but without adequate safeguards, the court said. From Facebook, dissatisfied with the verdict, which is important for multinational companies, they point out that stopping the transfer of data will have negative consequences on the results of targeted online advertising. It was determined that the principles of the American "Privacy Shield" are not in line with European laws, nor with the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), and that they are therefore invalid. This verdict affects every American company, not only Facebook аnd Instagram, so the consequences of its adoption will be felt by companies such as Google and Amazon. In the meantime, the question of the impact of this verdict on the transfer of data to other countries, such as China and Russia, was raised, especially when it comes to transmission via the current social network TikTok or through the technology of the Chinese company Huawei, аnd Yandex taxi applications.

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Esaa, Ayat Abdelrahim Suliman, Harun Bal, and Erhan İşcan. "The Export-Led Growth Hypothesis: A Panel Cointegration Approach in the Middle East and North Africa Countries (1980-2017)." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c11.02296.

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This study examines the hypothesis of the Export-Led Growth in the seven selected Middle East and North Africa countries, the hypothesis state that export growth driven by export promotion policies enhances overall economic growth. Empirical investigations have tended to focus attention on the direction of causality between exports and economic growth using Granger causality tests. However, the empirical results based on these tests are, at best, mixed and often contradictory. The paper employs panel data analysis by utilizing the Pedroni panel cointegration, Pedroni Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares and Fully Modify Ordinary Least Squares, and Canning-Pedroni causality methods, a recent development in panel data econometrics, properties of integration and cointegration and consistency of parameters. The study considers the following three variables; Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Real exports (EXP) and Real import (IMP). Annual secondary data are obtained from the World Bank Development Indicator for seven MENA countries, Namely, Algeria, Egypt, Sudan, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, UAE, and Qatar. The empirical results emphasize the existence of a positive relationship between Export and GDP. Results of waled and Z-bar Group statistics indicate the long-run unidirectional causality between Export and GDP, operates from Export to the GDP. It confirms the validity of Export-led growth hypothesis of the seven selected MENA countries. Empirical evidence suggests significant policy prescriptions; these countries should focus more on supporting export orientated industries through aid-for-trade, trade-capacity building schemes and other types of policies in order to promote economic growth.

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