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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "SAS function"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 7 вересня 2022

Оновлено: 18 вересня 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "SAS function"

Jo, Kyoung H., Ankit Jaiswal, Sushil Khanal, Emily L. Fishman, Alaina N. Curry, and Tomer Avidor-Reiss. "Poc1B and Sas-6 Function Together during the Atypical Centriole Formation in Drosophila melanogaster." Cells 8, no. 8 (August 5, 2019): 841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8080841.

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Insects and mammals have atypical centrioles in their sperm. However, it is unclear how these atypical centrioles form. Drosophila melanogaster sperm has one typical centriole called the giant centriole (GC) and one atypical centriole called the proximal centriole-like structure (PCL). During early sperm development, centriole duplication factors such as Ana2 and Sas-6 are recruited to the GC base to initiate PCL formation. The centriolar protein, Poc1B, is also recruited at this initiation stage, but its precise role during PCL formation is unclear. Here, we show that Poc1B recruitment was dependent on Sas-6, that Poc1B had effects on cellular and PCL Sas-6, and that Poc1B and Sas-6 were colocalized in the PCL/centriole core. These findings suggest that Sas-6 and Poc1B interact during PCL formation. Co-overexpression of Ana2 and Sas-6 induced the formation of ectopic particles that contained endogenous Poc1 proteins and were composed of PCL-like structures. These structures were disrupted in Poc1 mutant flies, suggesting that Poc1 proteins stabilize the PCL-like structures. Lastly, Poc1B and Sas-6 co-overexpression also induced the formation of PCL-like structures, suggesting that they can function together during the formation of the PCL. Overall, our findings suggest that Poc1B and Sas-6 function together during PCL formation.

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Suzuki, Shu, and Osamu Kitamukai. "The Evaluation of Cardiac Function on SAS Patient." Journal of Cardiac Failure 21, no. 10 (October 2015): S170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cardfail.2015.08.148.

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Xun, Pengwei, Chuanpeng Zhou, Xiaolin Huang, Zhong Huang, Wei Yu, Yukai Yang, Tao Li, Jianbin Huang, Yang Wu, and Heizhao Lin. "Effects of Dietary Sodium Acetate on Growth Performance, Fillet Quality, Plasma Biochemistry, and Immune Function of Juvenile Golden Pompano (Trachinotus ovatus)." Aquaculture Nutrition 2022 (February 9, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9074549.

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Six isonitrongenous and isolipidic diets were formulated to feed 360 fish (mean initial body weight: 6.06 ± 0.02 g) with graded levels of sodium acetate (SA1 (0), SA2 (250 mg/kg), SA3 (500 mg/kg), SA4 (1000 mg/kg), SA5 (2000 mg/kg), and SA6 (4000 mg/kg)) for 8 weeks. The results revealed that weight gain rate, specific growth rate, and feed intake of golden pompano were significantly increased in SA3 and SA4 treatments ( p < 0.05 ). Dietary SA level significantly improved lipid contents and gumminess of muscle ( p < 0.05 ). Supplement levels of dietary SA significantly influenced plasma biochemical parameters containing triglyceride, glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, complements, and immunoglobulin M ( p < 0.05 ). Appropriate supplement levels of dietary SA significantly increased enzyme activities of hepatic superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity and decreased malondialdehyde contents ( p < 0.05 ). Furthermore, appropriate SA levels downregulated the expression levels of Keap1, IL-8, TNF-α, and NF-κB genes and upregulated the expression levels of Nrf2 and TGF-β genes of the spleen ( p < 0.05 ). Excess SA caused negative effects for Trachinotus ovatus. The optimum supplement level of SA for juvenile golden pompano was evaluated to be 1423.67 mg/kg based on WGR.

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Mikami, Bunzo, Hirotaka Bitoh, Yurie Anzai, Kimihiko Mizutani, Nobuyuki Takahashi, Masamichi Okada, and Shotaro Yamaguchi. "Structure and Function Analysis of Geobacillus Starch Antistaling Enzyme." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314095308.

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Glycosyltransferase from Geobacillus sp. (SAS) is expected to see wide use as a starch antistaling enzyme in food including bread and rice products. The enzyme is thought to transfer maltotriose (G3) unit into non-reducing ends of sarch with unknown likage except for usual alpha-1,4 linkage. SAS was crystallized by sitting drop vapar diffusion method in 14~28% PEG4000 (w/v), 10mM CaCl2, 0.1M NaAC at pH 4.6 and 20°C for 1 month. The obtained crystals belong to a space group of P6522 with cell dimensions of a = b = 112 and c = 320 Å. The crystals were soaked in various oligomaltosaccharides (G1, G2, G3, G4, G5 and G6) for 15 min before flash cooling. The diffraction data of each complex were collected at beam-lines of BL26B1, BL38B1 and BL44XU in SPring-8. The crystal data were collected with 97-99 % completeness and Rmerge of 0.07-0.09 up to 1.6-2.3 Å resolution. The structures were determined by molecular replacement with cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase, PDB 1CYG) as a search model and were refined with PHENIX. The refined models of SAS/sugars contain one molecule of SAS comprising 733 amino acid residues, 5-8 calcium ions, 543-1141 water molecules and several sugars with R = 0.15-0.19 and Rfree = 0.16-0.23 for the data up to 1.6-2.3 Å resolution. SAS has almost the same overall structure with the CGTase except for several loops in the catalytic domain A. They share a similar active site except for subsite +3 where the non-reducing ends of the oligosaccharides bind. G1 bound to subsite +3, indicating +3 site has the highest affinity to G1. Only G3 was found to bind at subsites +3 ~ +1 when G3, G5 and G6 were soaked, whereas G4 bound at subsites +3 ~ -1 when G4 was soaked. From the clear density map of the bound G4, the bound glucose residue at subsute -1 is found to have alpha-1,6 linkage, indicating the product of this transglucosidase.

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Midorikawa, Manabu, Hiroaki Suzuki, Yasuhiro Suzuki, Kazuyoshi Yamauchi, Hiroyuki Sato, Kiyotaka Nemoto, Yoko Sugano, et al. "Relationships between Cognitive Function and Odor Identification, Balance Capability, and Muscle Strength in Middle-Aged Persons with and without Type 2 Diabetes." Journal of Diabetes Research 2021 (October 7, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9961612.

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Aim. We investigated the relationship between cognitive function and olfactory and physical functions in middle-aged persons with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D) to examine the potential of olfactory and physical functions as biomarkers for early cognitive impairment. Methods. Enrolled were 70 T2D patients (age 40 to <65 y) and 81 age-matched control participants without diabetes. Cognitive function was assessed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Trail Making Test parts A and B (TMT-A/-B), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report (QIDS), and Starkstein Apathy Scale (SAS). Multiple linear regression analyses were performed. Results. Odor identification was an independent determinant shown in the results of the TMT-A in the entire participant group and was independently associated with the MoCA and TMT-B in the T2D group. Balance capability assessed with a stabilometer was independently associated with all cognitive function tests except for QISD and SAS in the entire participant group and the T2D group and was independently associated with TMT-A in the control group. Knee extension strength was independently associated with the SAS in the entire participant group and the T2D group. Conclusions. Odor identification, balance capability, and knee extension strength were potential markers for cognitive decline in middle-aged persons with T2D.

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Taylor, Jeffrey B., Hsin-Min Wang, Randy J. Schmitz, Christopher K. Rhea, Scott E. Ross, and Sandra J. Shultz. "Multiplanar Knee Laxity and Perceived Function During Activities of Daily Living and Sport." Journal of Athletic Training 50, no. 11 (November 1, 2015): 1199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-50.11.10.

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Context Greater knee-joint laxity may lead to a higher risk of knee injury, yet it is unknown whether results of self-reported outcome measures are associated with distinct knee-laxity profiles. Objective To identify the extent to which multiplanar knee laxity is associated with patient-reported outcomes of knee function in healthy individuals during activities of daily living and sport. Design Descriptive laboratory study. Setting University research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants Forty healthy individuals (20 men, 20 women; age = 18–31 years). Main Outcome Measure(s) All participants were given the Knee Outcome Survey Activities of Daily Living Scale (KOS-ADL) and Sports Activities Scale (KOS-SAS) and subsequently measured for knee laxity in the sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes. Separate backward stepwise regression analyses were performed to determine the extent to which multiplanar knee-laxity values predicted KOS-ADL and KOS-SAS scores within each sex. Results Women had higher magnitudes of anterior, posterior (POSTLAX), varus (VARLAX), valgus (VALLAX), and internal-rotation laxity than men and trended toward greater external rotation (ERLAX) laxity. Greater POSTLAX, less VALLAX, and greater VARLAX was associated with lower KOS-ADL scores (KOS-ADL = −4.8 [POSTLAX], + 3.3 [VALLAX] − 2.2 [VARLAX] + 100.4, R2 = 0.74, P < .001) and greater POSTLAX and less VALLAX was associated with lower KOS-SAS scores (KOS-SAS = −8.2 [POSTLAX], + 3.6 [VALLAX] + 96.4, R2 = 0.67, P < .001) in women. In men, greater POSTLAX and less ERLAX was associated with lower KOS-SAS scores (KOS-ADL = −4.7 [POSTLAX], + 0.9 [ERLAX] + 96.4, R2 = 0.49, P < .001). Conclusions The combination of POSTLAX with less relative VALLAX (women) or less relative ERLAX (men) was a strong predictor of KOS scores, suggesting that a self-reported outcome measure may be beneficial as part of a preparticipation screening battery to identify those with perceived functional deficits associated with their knee laxity.

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Gagin, Anton, Andrew J. Allen, and Igor Levin. "Combined fitting of small- and wide-angle X-ray total scattering data from nanoparticles: benefits and issues." Journal of Applied Crystallography 47, no. 2 (March 19, 2014): 619–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576714001046.

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Simultaneous fitting of small- (SAS) and wide-angle (WAS) X-ray total scattering data for nanoparticles has been explored using both simulated and experimental signals. The nanoparticle types included core/shell metal and quantum-dot CdSe systems. Various combinations of reciprocal- and real-space representations of the scattering data have been considered. Incorporating SAS data into the fit consistently returned more accurate particle-size distribution parameters than those obtained by fitting the WAS data alone. A popular method for fitting the Fourier transform of the WAS data (i.e.a pair-distribution function), in which the omitted SAS part is represented using a parametric function, typically yielded significantly incorrect results. The Pareto optimization method combined with a genetic algorithm proved to be effective for simultaneous SAS/WAS analyses. An approach for identifying the most optimal solution from the Pareto set of solutions has been proposed.

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Tkacheva, O. N., Yu V. Kotovskaya, N. K. Runihina, E. V. Frolova, A. S. Milto, L. A. Aleksanyan, E. A. Tyukhmenev, et al. "Comprehensive geriatric assessment in elderly and senile patients with cardiovascular diseases. Expert opinion of the Russian Association of Gerontologists and Geriatricians." Kardiologiia 61, no. 5 (May 31, 2021): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.18087/cardio.2021.5.n1349.

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Senile asthenia syndrome (SAS) is a geriatric syndrome characterized by age-associated decline of the physiological reserve and function in multiple systems, which results in higher vulnerability to effects of endo- and exogenous factors and a high risk of unfavorable outcomes, loss of self-sufficiency, and death. Generally, SAS is observed in elderly patients with comorbidities. In cardiovascular diseases, SAS is associated with a poor prognosis, including a higher incidence of exacerbation and death both during acute events and in chronic disease. However, SAS is often not taken into account in developing diagnostic and therapeutic programs for managing elderly patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This article analyzes available scientific information about SAS, algorithms for SAS diagnosis, and the scales that may be useful in developing individual plans for management of elderly patients with CVD.

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Kwon, Young Cheol, and Song-You Hong. "A Mass-Flux Cumulus Parameterization Scheme across Gray-Zone Resolutions." Monthly Weather Review 145, no. 2 (February 2017): 583–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-16-0034.1.

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A method that enables a mass-flux cumulus parameterization scheme (CPS) to work seamlessly in various model grids across CPS gray-zone resolutions is proposed. The convective cloud-base mass flux, convective inhibition, and convective detrainment in the simplified Arakawa–Schubert (SAS) scheme are modified to be functions of the convective updraft fraction. The combination of two updraft fractions is used to modulate the cloud-base mass flux; the first one depends on the horizontal grid space and the other is a function of the grid-scale and convective vertical velocity. The convective inhibition and detrainment of hydrometeors are also modified to be a function of the grid-size-dependent convective updraft fraction. A set of sensitivity experiments with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model is conducted for a heavy rainfall case over South Korea. The results show that the revised SAS CPS outperforms the original SAS. At 3 and 1 km, the precipitation core over South Korea is well reproduced by the experiments with the revised SAS scheme. On the contrary, the simulated precipitation is widespread in the case of the original SAS experiment and there are multiple spurious cores when the CPS is removed at those resolutions. The modified mass flux at the cloud base is found to play a major role in organizing the grid-scale precipitation at the convective core. A 1-month simulation at 3 km confirms that the revised scheme produces slightly better summer monsoonal precipitation results as compared to the typical model setup without CPS.

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Wang, Jiu Hui, and Qiang Ji. "Research on Signal Acquisition Based on Wireless Sensor for Foot Compressive Characteristics on Basketball Movement." Applied Mechanics and Materials 483 (December 2013): 401–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.483.401.

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The signal acquisition system (SAS) operated by battery is designed in this paper. SAS includes signal acquisition and statistics function based on movement joints of basketball player. SAS is a recording of the electrical activity of the brain and pulse from the scalp and the recorded waveforms provide insights into the dynamic aspects of brain activity. The amplified SAS signals are digitized by an A/D converter. The digitized signal is transmitted to PC by a wireless serial port or stored in secure digital memory card. Experimental result shows that the system could implement the acquisition and storage of the foot compressive mechanical characteristics signals efficiently. This system would be of benefit to all involved in the use of SAS for sports training.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "SAS function"

Hachgenei, Nico. "Transfert d'eau et de résidus pharmaceutiques vétérinaires dans un bassin versant agricole de méso-échelle soumis aux crues éclairs." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022GRALU007.

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Ce travail se concentre sur le transfert environnemental des résidus de médicaments vétérinaires qui pénètrent dans l'environnement via les excréments des animaux traités. Il est étudié dans les conditions d'un bassin versant à méso-échelle sous climat méditerranéen avec une agriculture extensive.Dans un premier temps, lors d’entretiens avec des éleveurs 14 composés pharmaceutiquement actifs (PhAC) ont été identifiés comme étant systématiquement utilisés dans le bassin versant, dont 10 antiparasitaires. Les antibiotiques n'étaient utilisés de manière significative que pour les chèvres. Nous avons choisi l'Ivermectine (IVM) comme molécule représentative de ces médicaments antiparasitaires et nous avons fait des expériences de transfert sur ce composé.Pour ces expériences, nous avons mis au point un dispositif permettant de prélever des monolithes de sol intacts et de les soumettre à des pluies simulées. Des bouses de vaches non traitées ont été dopées à une concentration réaliste telle que rapportée dans la littérature et placées sur le sol. Des événements pluvieux intenses consécutifs ont été simulés et le ruissellement de surface (OF) ainsi que le flux de drainage ont été mesurés et échantillonnés à haute fréquence. Des valeurs de concentration allant jusqu'à 3855 ng L-1 ont été observées dans l'OF. La concentration dans le flux de drainage était significativement réduite dans les sols provenant de la de la partie sédimentaire du site d'étude 150 ng L-1. Sur les sols du plateau basaltique du Coiron, l'hydrophobicité du sol a conduit à un fort écoulement préférentiel et la concentration d'IVM n'a pas été substantiellement réduite au passage à travers le sol. D'un autre côté, une humidité initiale du sol plus élevée a conduit à une rétention accrue de l'IVM à la fois par le drainage et par l'OF. En général, plus d'OF et une plus grande exportation d'IVM ont été observées sur les sols du plateau du Coiron. A cette échelle, l'hydrophobicité du sol semble jouer un rôle important dans la génération de l'OF.Enfin, afin de relier ces résultats à l'échelle du bassin versant et à la problématique globale de transfert des résidus pharmaceutiques vers les masses d'eau de surface, un modèle hydrologique conceptuel semi-distribué a été développé à l'échelle du bassin versant de la Claduègne afin d'estimer les distributions de temps de transit (TTD) sur un pas de temps horaire à l'aide de fonctions SAS et de suivi d'âge. Le modèle a été calibré par rapport au débit observé, à la concentration en silice et au rapport isotopique en deutérium de la molécule d'eau à l'exutoire. Le modèle prédit des fractions allant jusqu'à 60 % du débit à l'exutoire d'un âge inférieur à un jour pendant les événements de crue majeurs. Sur l'ensemble de la période d'observation, cette fraction représente 8.4 % de l'écoulement total. En moyenne, 25 % du volume d'eau sortant du bassin versant a un âge inférieur à 30 jours.L'analyse de quelques échantillons d'eau de ruisseau de la Claduègne pour trois produits pharmaceutiques vétérinaires a révélé que le Fenbendazole (FBZ) et le Mebendazole (MBZ) étaient présents à des concentrations détectables uniquement en période de crue, ce qui indique une forte importance de l'écoulement préférentiel pour leur transfert dans les ruisseaux. Des concentrations de l'antiparasite porcin FBZ allant jusqu'à 28.5 ng L-1 ont été observées lors d'un petit événement de crue en été, ce qui correspond à 355 fois la concentration prédite sans effet (PNEC) pour les poissons
This work focuses on environmental transfer of residues of veterinary drugs entering the environment via dung from treated animals. It is studied under the conditions of a meso-scale catchment under Mediterranean climate with extensive agriculture.In a first step, interviews with livestock breeders were conducted to identify the treatment practices. 14 pharmaceutically active compounds (PhAC) were identified to be systematically used in the catchment, 10 of which antiparasitic drugs. Antibiotics were of significant use only for goats. We chose Ivermectin (IVM) as a representative molecule for those antiparasitic drugs and did further transfer experiments on this compound.For these experiments, we developed a device to sample intact soil monoliths and subject them to simulated rainfall. Dung from untreated cows was spiked to a realistic concentration (3 mg kg−1) as reported in literature and placed on the soil. Consecutive intense rain events were simulated and surface runoff and drainage flow were measured and sampled at high frequency. Concentration values of up to 3855 ng L−1 were observed in overland flow (OF). The concentration in drainage flow was significantly reduced in soils from the sedimentary foothills part of the study site (< 150 ng L−1). On soils from the Coiron basaltic plateau, water repellency led to strong preferential flow and the concentration of IVM was not substantially reduced by leaching through the soil. Higher initial soil moisture led to increased retention of IVM through both drainage and OF. Overall, up to 1 % of the initial mass of IVM was exported during two consecutive rain events. In addition, we could show that drying of cow dung effectively reduces the mobilization of IVM. In general, more OF and a higher export of IVM were observed on soils from the Coiron plateau. On this scale, soil water repellency (SWR) seems to play a substantial role in the generation of OF.Finally, in order to link those results to the catchment scale and the overall problematic of transfer of pharmaceutical residues to surface water bodies, a semi-distributed conceptual hydrological model was developed on the scale of the Claduègne catchment using SAS functions and age tracking in order to estimate transit time distributions (TTD) on an hourly time step. The model was calibrated against observed discharge, silica concentration and deuterium isotope ratio of the water molecule at the outlet. The model predicts fractions of up to 60 % of discharge at the outlet of an age below one day during major flood events. Over the whole observation period, this fraction represents 8.4 % of the total runoff. In average, 25 % of the discharge are less than 30 d old.The analysis of a few stream water samples from the Claduègne catchment for three veterinary pharmaceuticals revealed that Fenbendazole (FBZ) and Mebendazole (MBZ) were only present at detectable concentrations throughout flood events, indicating a strong importance of preferential flow for their transfer into the streams. Concentrations of the pork antiparasitic FBZ of up to 28.4 ng L-1 were observed during a small flood event in summer, which is 355 time the predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) for fish.This thesis shows that high amounts of IVM can be mobilized from cow dung and transferred through and over soil at the plot-scale, despite the fact that IVM is generally considered immobile due to its hydrophobicity and therefore strong adsorption to the soil's organic matter. The highest mobilization of IVM was observed under the condition of intense precipitation on dry soil due to water repellency causing strong preferential flow (including OF). Preliminary results on the catchment scale suggest that this mechanism may as well be effective on this scale, despite the smaller amplitude of the hydrological response. An age tracking model reveals a high fraction of event water in the discharge at the Claduègne outlet during major flood events

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Pilbrow, Edward Neil. "Synthetic Aperture Sonar Micronavigation Using An Active Acoustic Beacon." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1226.

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Synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) technology has rapidly progressed over the past few years with a number of commercial systems emerging. Such systems are typically based on an autonomous underwater vehicle platform containing multiple along-track receivers and an integrated inertial navigation system (INS) with Doppler velocity log aiding. While producing excellent images, blurring due to INS integration errors and medium fluctuations continues to limit long range, long run, image quality. This is particularly relevant in mine hunting, the main application for SAS, where it is critical to survey the greatest possible area in the shortest possible time, regardless of sea conditions. This thesis presents the simulation, design, construction, and sea trial results for a prototype "active beacon" and remote controller unit, to investigate the potential of such a device for estimating SAS platform motion and medium fluctuations. The beacon is deployed by hand in the area of interest and acts as an active point source with real-time data uploading and control performed by radio link. Operation is tightly integrated with the operation of the Acoustics Research Group KiwiSAS towed SAS, producing one-way and two-way time of flight (TOF) data for every ping by detecting the sonar chirps, time-stamping their arrival using a GPS receiver, and replying back at a different acoustic frequency after a fixed time delay. The high SNR of this reply signal, combined with the knowledge that it is produced by a single point source, provides advantages over passive point-like targets for SAS image processing. Stationary accuracies of < 2 mm RMS have been measured at ranges of up to 36m. This high accuracy allowed the beacon to be used in a separate study to characterise the medium fluctuation statistics in Lyttelton Harbour, New Zealand, using an indoor dive pool as a control. Probability density functions were fitted to the data then incorporated in SAS simulations to observe their effect on image quality. Results from recent sea trials in Lyttelton Harbour show the beacon TOF data, when used in a narrowband motion compensation (MOCOMP) process, provided improvements to the quality of SAS images centred on frequencies of 30 kHz and 100 kHz. This prototype uses simple matched-filtering algorithms for detection and while performing well under stationary conditions, the fluctuations caused by the narrow sonar transmit beam pattern (BP) and changing superposition of seabed multipath often cause dropouts and inaccurate detections during sea trials. An analysis of the BP effects and how the accuracy and robustness of the detection algorithms can be improved is presented. Overcoming these problems reliably is difficult without dedicated large scale testing facilities to allow conditions to be reproduced consistently.

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Shoda, Elizabeth Ann. "Impact of Binaural Beat Technology on Vigilance Task Performance, Psychological Stress and Mental Workload." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1374240120.

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Roßmann, Matthias [Verfasser]. "Tailor Made Functional Particles by means of Supercritical Antisolvent (SAS) Processing : Maßgeschneiderte funktionale Partikel mittels überkritischem Antisolvent (SAS) Sprühverfahren / Matthias Roßmann." Aachen : Shaker, 2015. http://d-nb.info/108076335X/34.

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Nagy, Noémi. "Expression and function of the small immune adaptor protein SAP /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7357-029-X/.

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Ursell, Elizabeth. "Maternal diet and visceral yolk sac function during mouse development." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.420232.

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Alyasin, Ghaza. "The architecture of function : Understanding House K at San Giovenale." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-415058.

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Between 1961 and 1963 a large terraced Etruscan building on the southside of the Acropolis at the archaeological site of San Giovenale in Italy was excavated. The building, named House K, remained largely unpublished and unstudied throughout the years, leaving our picture of the ancient settlement at San Giovenale incomplete. This thesis aims to get a better understanding of the Etruscan architecture, settlement, culture, and society at San Giovenale, by doing an architectural analysis of the building of House K, using unpublished field journals, drawings, and photographs. By comparing the architecture of House K and any structural elements immediately connected with the building, to other structures at San Giovenale, as well as other Etruscan sites, this thesis set out to learn: what kind of structure House K is; what function it had; what its relative dating is; what role it played in the settlement at San Giovenale; and what it can tell us regarding the society and culture at San Giovenale. Using environment-behaviour relations and building archaeology, the study first examined the structural elements of House K, before comparing House K to other structures at San Giovenale built 700–400 BCE. Thereafter, the study looked at parallels outside of San Giovenale, looking at the sites of Acquarossa, Luni sul Mignone, Poggio Civitate, Cerveteri, Pyrgi, Montetosto, Vulci, and Narce. Finally, a discussion was had regarding the character and function of House K, whether it was public, private, sacred, or profane. In the course of the study, an architectural chronology of San Giovenale was established, which dated the construction date of House K to between c. 565 BCE and the late 6th century BCE. The interpretation of the function of House K that seems most probable is that it was a monumental building complex of administrative, political and/or religious significance, which probably also acted as a residence for the ruling elite at San Giovenale – in other words: a palazzo. House K being a palazzo would mean that there was a centralised authority at San Giovenale, suggesting that there was some sort of ruler or leader at the top of the social hierarchy, splitting the social division at San Giovenale further than it was previously believed to have been.

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Yildirim, Elif. "Counting And Constructing Boolean Functions With Particular Difference Distribution Vectors." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605182/index.pdf.

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In this thesis we deal with the Boolean functions with particular difference distribution vectors. Besides the main properties, we especially focus on strict avalanche criterion for cryptographic aspects. Not only we deal with known methods we also demonstrate some new methods for counting and constructing such functions. Furthermore, performing some statistical tests, we observed a number of interesting properties.

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Jacobsen, Julius Octavius Bülow. "The SAP domain : a modular approach to protein structure and function." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.605011.

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The domain is the conserved functional unit of proteins. Domains fold and function independently of each other with combinations of various domains allowing proteins of differing functions to be formed through evolution. A domain-based approach to structural genomics can afford maximum genomic and cross-genomic coverage due to this conservation of structure and function. In this study we have used this approach to probe the structure, folding and function of a newly defined domain- the SAP domain. SAP domains are found in many eukaryotic nuclear proteins involved in diverse nuclear processes. These range from transcriptional regulation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, DNA repair, pre-mRNA splicing, mRNA export to DNA replication and chromatin remodelling. SAP domain proteins are also implicated in retroviral integration of HIV, various leukaemias and juvenile arthritis. We have determined the solution structure of the domain, which we use as the basis for the project. The structure showed that the domain has a novel fold that revealed little in the way of functional information. Using spectroscopic and kinetic methods we probed the thermal stability of the domain and determined its folding rate in comparison to a structurally similar DNA-binding domain. We investigated the structural basis of DNA recognition by the domain and discovered that it had little sequence specificity and appeared to preferentially bind distorted DNA structures. From this data we propose a model for the mode of DNA binding by the domain. As a test of in vivo function proposed from the results of the in vitro work, we performed transient transfections of the SAP domain and a mutant fused to a fluorescent protein in cultured cells.

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Košata, Václav. "Srovnání řešení BI na bázi SaaS." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-114272.

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The diploma thesis is focused on a specific way of distribution of Business Intelligence application on Software-as-a-Service base. A different concept opens a possibility for small and medium-size companies which cannot afford robust and expensive solution. The theoretical part provides an introduction with the basic characteristics of BI systems and cloud applications. Additionally, descriptions of the selected criteria are stated for a comparison of the specifics of applications delivered as a service. Integration, analytical and reporting functions Belladati, Zoho Reports and Bime are tested in a practical part of the thesis. The main chapter is devoted to solution product comparison, based on the selected criteria. The main asset of the work is to discover the strengths and weaknesses of each solutions found during the practical testing on the test data. The result of the comparison is not to find the best product, but to enhance the specific properties. The output can serve as a background material during cloud-based BI applications selection.

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Книги з теми "SAS function"

SAS functions by example. Cary, N.C: SAS Institute, 2004.

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SAS functions by example. 2nd ed. Cary, N.C: SAS Pub., 2010.

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Lawlor, William. Common SAP R/3 Functions Manual. London: Springer London, 2004.

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Lawlor, William. Common SAP R/3 Functions Manual. London: Springer London, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-370-1.

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Saks spaces and applications to functional analysis. 2nd ed. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1987.

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1956-, Lapidus Michel L., and Van Frankenhuysen Machiel 1967-, eds. Dynamical, spectral, and arithmetic zeta functions: AMS Special Session on Dynamical, Spectral, and Arithmetic Zeta Functions, January 15-16, 1999, San Antonio, Texas. Providence, R.I: American Mathematical Society, 2001.

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Ltd, Schiffer Publishing. Festool essentials TS 55 EQ & TS 75 EQ portable plunge saws: With FS/2 guide rail, MFT multi-function table, & CTdust extraction systems. Atglen, Pa: Schiffer Pub. Ltd., 2008.

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Commission, San Francisco (Calif ). Civil Service. Directory of Civil Service Commission divisions, functions, and resource personnel, August 14, 1992. San Francisco, Calif: Civil Service Commission, 1992.

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San jiao ji shu yan jiu zhong de dan diao xing tiao jian: Fa zhan he ying yong. Beijing: Ke xue chu ban she, 2012.

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Chen, Linyun. Exploring the structure and functions of Sak, a gene encoding a serine/threonine kinase. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1996.

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Частини книг з теми "SAS function"

Konasani, Venkat Reddy, and Shailendra Kadre. "Important SAS Functions and Procs." In Practical Business Analytics Using SAS, 95–143. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-0043-8_4.

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Zaidi, Rehan. "Functions." In JavaScript Essentials for SAP ABAP Developers, 83–95. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-2220-1_6.

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Benson, M. D., F. E. Dwulet, B. Kluve-Beckerman, and M. Aldo-Benson. "STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF SAA." In Proceedings of the Third Symposium, Lyon, France, June 26–28, 1985, edited by Jacques Bienvenu, J. A. Grimaud, and Philippe Laurent, 129–38. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110860757-019.

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Yun-he, Liao. "Multiplex Function Manganese Nodule Sounding System." In Oceanology of China Seas, 541–46. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0862-1_53.

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Liao, Yun-he. "Multiplex Function Manganese Nodule Sounding System." In Oceanology of China Seas, 541–46. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0886-7_19.

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Grelck, Clemens, and Sven-Bodo Scholz. "Axis Control in SAC." In Implementation of Functional Languages, 182–98. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44854-3_12.

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Karrenberg, Ralf. "Whole-Function Vectorization." In Automatic SIMD Vectorization of SSA-based Control Flow Graphs, 85–125. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-10113-8_6.

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Grelck, Clemens. "Single Assignment C (SAC)." In Central European Functional Programming School, 207–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28346-9_7.

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Zaidi, Rehan. "Doing More with Functions." In JavaScript Essentials for SAP ABAP Developers, 97–110. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-2220-1_7.

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Angeli, Axeö, Ulrich Streit, and Robi Gonfalonieri. "RFC Remote Function Call." In The SAP R/3® Guide to EDI and Interfaces, 79–85. Wiesbaden: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-01091-3_12.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "SAS function"

Gille, Wilfried. "Direct calculation of the interface distribution function and other structure functions from SAS curves." In X-Ray Investigations of Polymer Structures, edited by Andrzej Wlochowicz. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.401844.

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Sung Lee, Bu, Romphet Phattharaphon, Seanglidet Yean, Jigang Liu, and Manoj Shakya. "Euclidean Distance based Loss Function for Eye-Gaze Estimation." In 2020 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sas48726.2020.9220051.

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Wiese, Alexander, Ann DiGuglielmo, Jerico Mellet, Mckayla Rebillon, Shreekanth Mandayam, Erik Brewer, and Luke Austin. "A Radial Basis Function Technique for the Early Detection and Measurement of Hip Implant Loosening." In 2020 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sas48726.2020.9220036.

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Qiao, Ziliang, Matthias Bus, Christoph Zimmer, Dieter Kraus, and Abdelhak M. Zoubir. "Investigation on Point Spread Function of MIMO SAS with Frequency Modulated Waveforms." In OCEANS 2018 MTS/IEEE Charleston. IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceans.2018.8604673.

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Passerieux, Jean-Michel. "Ambiguity Function and Cramer-Rao Lower Bounds for Passive Synthetic Aperture Sonar (SAS)." In OCEANS 2006 - Asia Pacific. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceansap.2006.4393942.

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Teimoori, Khashayar, Ali M. Sadegh, and Bhaskar Paneri. "Novel Electro-FSI Model of Trabecular Network in the Brain Sub Arachnoid Space." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10529.

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Abstract The brain is encased in the skull and suspended and supported by a series of three fibrous tissue layers: Dura mater, Arachnoid and Pia matter, known as the Meninges. Arachnoid trabeculae are strands of collagen tissues located in a space between the arachnoid and the pia matter known as the subarachnoid space (SAS). The SAS trabeculae play an important role in damping and reducing the relative movement of the brain with respect to the skull. The SAS is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which is a colorless fluid that surrounds all over the brain inside the subarachnoid spaces. This fluid stabilizes the shape and position of the brain during head movements. To address normal and pathological SAS functions, under conditions where an electrical stimulation is applied, this study proposes a novel fully-coupled electro-Fluid-Structure Interaction (eFSI) modeling approach to investigate the response of the system of SAS-CSF under the applied electric current, which is provided by the transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) technique according to the following steps. First, a two-dimensional channel model of the brain SAS with several trabecular morphologies is numerically simulated using the finite element (FE) method. The channel model is then subjected to a specific electric field intensity by applying a 1∼2mA direct current. COMSOL Multiphysics v. 5.3a software is used to perform the coupled eFSI numerical simulation in order to investigate the effects of the applied electric field on the flow of the CSF, thereby showing the deflection of the trabeculae inside the channel model. The results of this study demonstrate that the induced electric field causes less deflection of the trabeculae by exacerbating the velocity profile of the cerebrospinal fluid flow and decreasing the flow pressure applied on each trabecula inside the trabecular SAS channel. This electro-mechanostructural modeling approach is significant because of the applied current on the channel walls that can directly affect the CSF flow. In fact, the results of this study can open up a new horizon for future research on disorders like hydrocephalus, which involves an unusual production rate of the CSF inside the brain. This disorder may be controlled by applying an electric current in the brain, using one of the available brain stimulation techniques, i.e. tDCS. By using an electrical stimulation technique, one might control the dynamics of brain function and, therefore, regulate dysfunctionality through the first eFSI multiphysics modeling approach proposed in this study. Briefly, the brain SAS may be considered as a novel region for electrotherapeutic and electromechanical neuromodulation.

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Zheng, Xu, Yuan Lei, Bailin Pei, and Wei Zhao. "Application of Conformance Control in Stand-Alone Screen SAS Completed Horizontal Wells-A Case Study of Bohai Bay." In Offshore Technology Conference Asia. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31611-ms.

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Abstract Objectives/Scope There is high demand for water shutoff in quite a few SAS completed horizontal wells in the Bohai Bay, China. The popular swellable packer in combination with the ICD screen method cannot be adopted because segmentation cannot be achieved in the annulus between the SAS and the borehole wall by the swellable packers for the SAS is unable to be tripped out. A conformance control method is introduced and a case study is provided. Methods, Procedures, Process When the SAS string is not tripped out, first the path for the particles to flow through is established by perforation. Then, a string of ICD screen with smaller diameter is run in place, followed by the pumping of the continuous pack-off particles into the annulus (the inner annulus) between the ICD screen and the SAS. Meanwhile, the particles being carried by the fluids also pack the annulus (the outer annulus) between the SAS and the borehole wall through the penetrations on the SAS. Thus, the function of axial channeling prevention is realized by the rings of particles. Results, Observations, Conclusions The well in the case study is an old well that suffered from high water cut, sand production and mud clogging simultaneously. For this operation, the filling rate of the particles was 104.2%, indicating the particles were tightly packed in the inner and outer annuluses and segmentation in the production interval was realized. After commissioning, the water rate dropped from the original 638m3/d to 85m3/d. The oil rate resumed to the level before the well was shut in and later slowly increased to 40.3m3/d. Water shutoff and oil enhancement was realized and neither sand production nor mud clogging occurred. Three functions are realized via the adoption of this method. Firstly, water shutoff and oil enhancement are realized via conformance control; secondly, both rings of particles together with the filtering layers in jacket provide better sand control; thirdly, the rings formed by the tightly packed particles are capable of preventing mud clogging. Novel/Additive Information In this paper, perforation is innovatively proposed to establish the path for the particles to flow through so that both annuluses are tightly filled by particles, together with the ICD screens, conformance control is realized along the entire production interval and the target of water shutoff and oil enhancement is achieved. Accordingly, high CAPEX for sidetracking is avoided and the single well ROI is improved.

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Moëll, Daniel, Daniel Lörstad, and Xue-Song Bai. "Numerical Investigation of Hydrogen Enriched Natural Gas in the SGT-800 Burner." In ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-44040.

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The effects of hydrogen enrichment in the SGT-800 3rd generation DLE burner fitted in an atmospheric combustion rig have been numerically investigated. Three different mixtures with 0%, 60% and 80% hydrogen enrichment to methane have been studied. In this study a URANS (Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes) approach is applied. The chemistry is included through the use of laminar flamelet libraries in combination with a presumed PDF (Probability Density Function). The mean reaction rate is acting as a source term to a reaction progress variable, and is modelled using a fractal combustion model. In the methane simulations two turbulence models, k–ω SST and k–ω SST-SAS, were evaluated. The latter model was found to predict results in good agreement with measurement data. The dynamic behaviour of the flame is captured by the SST-SAS model but not by the standard SST model. For the hydrogen enriched methane simulations the validated SST-SAS model with a calibrated model constant for the mean reaction rate from the methane simulations was used. The overall results such as flame position and global pressure drop are in good agreement with experimental data. The time averaged flame stabilization point is moving upstream towards the burner exit nozzle when the hydrogen enrichment is increasing. The total pressure drop over the burner is increasing with the increasing hydrogen level.

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Saboori, Parisa, and Ali Sadegh. "The Effect of SAS Materials and Modeling in Transferring Impact Loads to the Brain." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-39963.

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While subarachnoid space (SAS) trabeculae play an important role in damping and reducing the relative movement of the brain with respect to the skull, thereby reducing traumatic brain injuries, their mechanical properties and modeling are not well established in the literature. A few studies, e.g., Zhang et al. (2002) and Xin Jin et al. (2008) have reported a wide range the elastic modulus of the trabeculae up to three orders of magnitudes. The histology of the trabeculae reveals a collagen based structure. Thus, a few investigators have estimated the mechanical properties of trabeculae based on collagen’s properties. The objective of this study is to determine the stress/strain changes in the brain as a function of the mechanical properties and modeling methodology of the trabeculae, when the loading and the boundary conditions of the model are kept the same. This study was performed through several modeling steps. A wide range of the mechanical properties of the trabeculae was employed and the transductions of blunt impact loads from the skull to the brain were determined. The mechanical properties of the SAS trabeculae were determined based on the validation of the models with experimental results of Sabet et al. (2009). The result indicated that when we use softer material properties for the trabeculae the meningeal layers absorb and damp the impact load. It is also concluded that the material properties of the trabeculae can be simulated by only tension element since the trabeculae buckles with minimal compressive load. Finally, an optimum material property of SAS was proposed.

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Lejon, Marcus, Niklas Andersson, Lars-Erik Eriksson, and Lars Ellbrant. "Simulation of Tip-Clearance Effects in a Transonic Compressor." In ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-43033.

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Tip clearance flow can have a large impact on compressor performance and is therefore important to consider in compressor design. A wide range of computational approaches can be used for modeling tip clearance flow. The different modeling strategies reflect compromises between accuracy and computational time. The present study investigates a large tip gap configuration (1.65% of the rotor tip chord) of the highly loaded transonic 1.5 stage compressor Hulda. The aim of the study is to evaluate different modeling approaches and find a method that can predict the effects of a large tip clearance on compressor performance. The modeling approaches investigated are the SAS-SST model in CFX and the k-ε turbulence model using a wall function and Chien’s low-Reynolds model in the in-house CFD solver VolSol++. Results obtained using the chosen solvers and turbulence models are compared with experimental data, and all approaches are shown to predict the overall performance trends. However, the turbulence kinetic energy in the tip clearance flow and the trajectory of the vortex are shown to vary depending on the method. The SAS-SST model predicts the performance well in terms of total pressure ratio, polytropic efficiency as well as radial distribution of total pressure downstream the rotor. Based on the results from the study, SAS-SST is concluded to be a good candidate for detailed studies of transonic compressors with large tip gaps.

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Звіти організацій з теми "SAS function"

Kott, Phillip S. Calibration-Weighting a Stratified Simple Random Sample with SUDAAN. RTI Press, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2022.mr.0048.2204.

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This report shows how to apply the calibration-weighting procedures in SAS-callable SUDAAN (Version 11) to a stratified simple random sample drawn from a complete list frame for an establishment survey. The results are calibrated weights produced via raking, raking to a size variable, and pseudo-optimal calibration that potentially reduce and appropriately measure the standard errors of estimated totals. The report then shows how to use these procedures to remove selection bias caused by unit nonresponse under a plausible response model. Although unit nonresponse is usually assumed to be a function of variables with known population or full-sample estimated totals, calibration weighting can often be used when nonresponse is assumed to be a function of a variable known only for unit respondents (i.e., not missing at random). When producing calibrated weights for an establishment survey, one advantage the SUDAAN procedures have over most of their competitors is that their linearization-based variance estimators can capture the impact of finite-population correction.

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Eisemann, Eve, Catherine Thomas, Matthew Balazik, Damarys Acevedo-Mackey, and Safra Altman. Environmental factors affecting coastal and estuarine submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42185.

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Submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) growing in estuarine and coastal marine systems provides crucial ecosystem functions ranging from sediment stabilization to habitat and food for specific species. SAV systems, however, are sensitive to a number of environmental factors, both anthropogenic and natural. The most common limiting factors are light limitation, water quality, and salinity, as reported widely across the literature. These factors are controlled by a number of complex processes, however, varying greatly between systems and SAV populations. This report seeks to conduct an exhaustive examination of factors influencing estuarine and coastal marine SAV habitats and find the common threads that tie these ecosystems together. Studies relating SAV habitats in the United States to a variety of factors are reviewed here, including geomorphological and bathymetric characteristics, sediment dynamics, sedimentological characteristics, and water quality, as well as hydrologic regime and weather. Tools and methods used to assess each of these important factors are also reviewed. A better understanding of fundamental environmental factors that control SAV growth will provide crucial information for coastal restoration and engineering project planning in areas populated by SAVs.

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Adams, Caitlin J., Baishakhi Bose, Ethan Mann, Kendra A. Erk, Ali Behnood, Alberto Castillo, Fabian B. Rodriguez, Yu Wang, and Jan Olek. Superabsorbent Polymers for Internally Cured Concrete. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317366.

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Two commercial superabsorbent polymer (SAP) formulations were used to internally cure cement pastes, mortars, and concretes with a range of water-to-cement ratios (w/c 0.35–0.52). The following properties were determined as a function of cement chemistry and type, use of chemical admixtures, use of slag, and batching parameters: SAP absorption capacity, fresh mixture workability and consistency, degree of hydration, volumetric stability, cracking tendency, compressive and flexural strength, and pumpability. SAP internal curing agents resulted in cementitious mixtures with improved hydration, accelerated strength gain, greater volumetric stability, and improved cracking resistance while maintaining sufficient workability to be pumped and placed without sacrificing compressive or flexural strength. When using SAP, batching adjustments prioritized the use of water reducing admixture instead of extra water to tune workability. While the benefits of SAP internal curing agents for low w/c mixtures were expected, SAP-containing mixtures with w/c ≥ 0.42 displayed accelerated strength development and decreased cracking tendency.

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Wong, Eric A., and Zehava Uni. Nutrition of the Developing Chick Embryo: Nutrient Uptake Systems of the Yolk Sac Membrane and Embryonic Intestine. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7697119.bard.

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We have examined the developmental changes in composition, amount, and uptake of yolk nutrients (fat, protein, water and carbohydrates) and the expression ofnutrient transporters in the yolk sac membrane (YSM) from embryonic day 11 (Ell) to 21 (E21) and small intestine from embryonic day 15 (E15) to E21 in embryos from young (22-25 wk) and old (45-50 wk) Cobb and Leghorn breeder flocks. The developmental expression profiles for the peptide transporter 1 (PepTl), the amino acid transporters, EAAT3, CAT-1 and BOAT, the sodium glucose transporter (SGLTl), the fructose transporter (GLUT5), the digestive enzymes aminopeptidase N (APN) and sucraseisomaltase (SI) were assayed by the absolute quantification real time PCR method in the YSM and embryonic intestine. Different temporal patterns of expression were observed for these genes. The effect of in ovo injection of peptides (the dipeptide Gly-Sar, purified peptides, trypsin hydrolysate) on transporter gene expression has been examined in the embryonic intestine. Injection of a partial protein hydrolysate resulted in an increase in expression of the peptide transporter PepT2. We have initiated a transcriptome analysis of genes expressed in the YSM at different developmental ages to better understand the function of the YSM.

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Ginzberg, Idit, Richard E. Veilleux, and James G. Tokuhisa. Identification and Allelic Variation of Genes Involved in the Potato Glycoalkaloid Biosynthetic Pathway. United States Department of Agriculture, August 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7593386.bard.

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Steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) are secondary metabolites being part of the plant defense response. The two major SGAs in cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum) are α-chaconine and α-solanine, which exhibit strong cellular lytic properties and inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity, and are poisonous at high concentrations for humans. As SGAs are not destroyed during cooking and frying commercial cultivars have been bred to contain low levels, and their content in tubers should not exceed 20 mg/100 g fresh weight. However, environmental factors can increase tuber SGA content above the safe level. The focus of the proposed research was to apply genomic approaches to identify candidate genes that control potato SGA content in order to develop tools for potato improvement by marker-assisted selection and/or transgenic approaches. To this end, the objectives of the proposal included identification of genes, metabolic intermediates and allelic variations in the potato SGAbiosynthetic pathway. The SGAs are biosynthesized by the sterol branch of the mevalonic acid/isoprenoid pathway. Transgenic potato plants that overexpress 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase 1 (HMG1) or squalene synthase 1 (SQS1), key enzymes of the mevalonic acid/isoprenoid pathway, exhibited elevated levels of solanine and chaconine as well as induced expression of genes downstream the pathway. These results suggest of coordinated regulation of isoprenoid (primary) metabolism and SGA secondary metabolism. The transgenic plants were further used to identify new SGA-related candidate genes by cDNA-AFLP approach and a novel glycosyltransferase was isolated. In addition, genes involved in phytosterol biosynthesis may have dual role and synthesize defense-related steroidal metabolites, such as SGAs, via lanosterol pathway. Potato lanosterol synthase sequence (LAS) was isolated and used to prepare transgenic plants with overexpressing and silencing constructs. Plants are currently being analyzed for SGA content. The dynamics of SGA accumulation in the various organs of a potato species with high SGA content gave insights into the general regulation of SGA abundance. Leaf SGA levels in S. chacoense were 10 to 20-fold greater than those of S. tuberosum. The leptines, SGAs with strong antifeedant properties against Colorado potato beetles, were present in all aerial tissues except for early and mid-developmental stages of above ground stolons, and accounted for the high SGA content of S. chacoense. These results indicate the presence of regulatory mechanisms in most tissues except in stolons that limit the levels of α-solanine and α-chaconine and confine leptine accumulation to the aerial tissues. The genomes of cultivated and wild potato contain a 4-member gene family coding for SQS. Three orthologs were cloned as cDNAs from S. chacoense and heterologously expressed in E. coli. Squalene accumulated in all E. coli lines transformed with each of the three gene constructs. Differential transcript abundance in various organs and amino acid sequence differences in the conserved domains of three isoenzymes indicate subfunctionalization of SQS activity and triterpene/sterol metabolism. Because S. chacoense and S. phureja differ so greatly for presence and accumulation of SGAs, we selected four candidate genes from different points along the biosynthetic pathway to determine if chcor phuspecific alleles were associated with SGA expression in a segregating interspecific diploid population. For two of the four genes (HMG2 and SGT2) F2 plants with chcalleles expressed significantly greater total SGAs compared with heterozygotes and those with phualleles. Although there are other determinants of SGA biosynthesis and composition in potato, the ability of allelic states at two genes to affect SGA levels confirms some of the above transgenic work where chcalleles at two other loci altered SGA expression in Desiree. Present results reveal new opportunities to manipulate triterpene/sterol biosynthesis in more targeted ways with the objective of altering SGA content for both human health concerns and natural pesticide content without disrupting the essential metabolism and function of the phytosterol component of the membranes and the growth regulating brassinosteroids.

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DICKEY, FRED M., LOUIS ROMERO, and ARMIN W. DOERRY. SAR Window Functions: A Review and Analysis of the Notched Spectrum Problem. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/801413.

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Lers, Amnon, and Gan Susheng. Study of the regulatory mechanism involved in dark-induced Postharvest leaf senescence. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7591734.bard.

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Postharvest leaf senescence contributes to quality losses in flowers and leafy vegetables. The general goal of this research project was to investigate the regulatory mechanisms involved in dark-induced leaf senescence. The regulatory system involved in senescence induction and control is highly complex and possibly involves a network of senescence promoting pathways responsible for activation of the senescence-associated genes. Pathways involving different internal signals and environmental factors may have distinctive importance in different leaf senescence systems. Darkness is known to have a role in enhancement of postharvest leaf senescence and for getting an insight into its regulatory mechanism/s we have applied molecular genetics and functional genomics approaches. The original objectives were: 1. Identification of dark-induced SAGs in Arabidopsis using enhancer/promoter trap lines and microarray approaches; 2. Molecular and functional characterization of the identified genes by analyzing their expression and examining the phenotypes in related knockout mutant plants; 3. Initial studies of promoter sequences for selected early dark-induced SAGs. Since genomic studies of senescence, with emphasis on dark-induced senescence, were early-on published which included information on potential regulatory genes we decided to use this new information. This is instead of using the uncharacterized enhancer/promoter trap lines as originally planned. We have also focused on specific relevant genes identified in the two laboratories. Based on the available genomic analyses of leaf senescence 10 candidate genes hypothesized to have a regulatory role in dark-induced senescence were subjected to both expression as well as functional analyses. For most of these genes senescence-specific regulation was confirmed, however, functional analyses using knock-out mutants indicated no consequence to senescence progression. The transcription factor WARK75 was found to be specifically expressed during natural and dark-induced leaf senescence. Functional analysis demonstrated that in detached leaves senescence under darkness was significantly delayed while no phenotypic consequences could be observed on growth and development, including no effect on natural leaf senescence,. Thus, WARKY75 is suggested to have a role in dark-induced senescence, but not in natural senescence. Another regulatory gene identified to have a role in senescence is MKK9 encoding for a Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase 9 which is upregulated during senescence in harvested leaves as well as in naturally senescing leaves. MKK9 can specifically phosphorylate another kinase, MPK6. Both knockouts of MKK9 and MPK6 displayed a significantly senescence delay in harvested leaves and possibly function as a phosphorelay that regulates senescence. To our knowledge, this is the first report that clearly demonstrates the involvement of a MAP kinase pathway in senescence. This research not only revealed a new signal transduction pathway, but more important provided significant insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying senescence in harvested leaves. In an additional line of research we have employed the promoter of the senescence-induced BFN1 gene as a handle for identifying components of the regulatory mechanism. This gene was shown to be activated during darkinduced senescence of detached leaves, as well as natural senescence. This was shown by following protein accumulation and promoter activity which demonstrated that this promoter is activated during dark-induced senescence. Analysis of the promoter established that, at least some of the regulatory sequences reside in an 80 bps long fragment of the promoter. Overall, progress was made in identification of components with a role in dark-induced senescence in this project. Further studies should be done in order to better understand the function of these components and develop approaches for modulating the progress of senescence in crop plants for the benefit of agriculture.

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Wadman, Heidi, and Jesse McNinch. Spatial distribution and thickness of fine-grained sediment along the United States portion of the upper Niagara River, New York. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41666.

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Over 220 linear miles of geophysical data, including sidescan sonar and chirp sub-bottom profiles, were collected in 2016 and 2017 by the US Army Corps of Engineers and the US Fish and Wildlife Service in the upper Niagara River. In addition, 36 sediment grab samples were collected to groundtruth the geophysical data. These data were used to map the spatial distribution of fine-grained sediment, including volume data in certain locations, along the shallow shorelines of the upper Niagara River. Overall, the most extensive deposits were spatially associated with either small tributaries or with man-made structures that modified the natural flow of the system. Extensive beds of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) were also mapped. Although always associated with a fine-grained matrix, the SAV beds were patchy in distribution, which might reflect subtle differences in the grain size of the sediment matrix or could simply be a function of variations in species or growth. The maps generated from this effort can be used to guide sampling plans for future studies of contamination in fine-grained sediment regions.

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Garsa, Adam, Julie K. Jang, Sangita Baxi, Christine Chen, Olamigoke Akinniranye, Owen Hall, Jody Larkin, Aneesa Motala, Sydne Newberry, and Susanne Hempel. Radiation Therapy for Brain Metasases. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer242.

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Objective. This evidence report synthesizes the available evidence on radiation therapy for brain metastases. Data sources. We searched PubMed®, Embase®, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL®, clinicaltrials.gov, and published guidelines in July 2020; assessed independently submitted data; consulted with experts; and contacted authors. Review methods. The protocol was informed by Key Informants. The systematic review was supported by a Technical Expert Panel and is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020168260). Two reviewers independently screened citations; data were abstracted by one reviewer and checked by an experienced reviewer. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and large observational studies (for safety assessments), evaluating whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) alone or in combination, as initial or postoperative treatment, with or without systemic therapy for adults with brain metastases due to non-small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, or melanoma. Results. In total, 97 studies, reported in 190 publications, were identified, but the number of analyses was limited due to different intervention and comparator combinations as well as insufficient reporting of outcome data. Risk of bias varied; 25 trials were terminated early, predominantly due to poor accrual. Most studies evaluated WBRT, alone or in combination with SRS, as initial treatment; 10 RCTs reported on post-surgical interventions. The combination treatment SRS plus WBRT compared to SRS alone or WBRT alone showed no statistically significant difference in overall survival (hazard ratio [HR], 1.09; confidence interval [CI], 0.69 to 1.73; 4 RCTs; low strength of evidence [SoE]) or death due to brain metastases (relative risk [RR], 0.93; CI, 0.48 to 1.81; 3 RCTs; low SoE). Radiation therapy after surgery did not improve overall survival compared with surgery alone (HR, 0.98; CI, 0.76 to 1.26; 5 RCTs; moderate SoE). Data for quality of life, functional status, and cognitive effects were insufficient to determine effects of WBRT, SRS, or post-surgical interventions. We did not find systematic differences across interventions in serious adverse events radiation necrosis, fatigue, or seizures (all low or moderate SoE). WBRT plus systemic therapy (RR, 1.44; CI, 1.03 to 2.00; 14 studies; moderate SoE) was associated with increased risks for vomiting compared to WBRT alone. Conclusion. Despite the substantial research literature on radiation therapy, comparative effectiveness information is limited. There is a need for more data on patient-relevant outcomes such as quality of life, functional status, and cognitive effects.

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Branch, Darren W. Hybrid method for the precise calculation of the general dyadic Greens functions for SAW and leaky wave substrates. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/942184.

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