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Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 14 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Sample chain"

1

Borkar, V. S. "Sample complexity for Markov chain self-tuner." Systems & Control Letters 41, no. 2 (October 2000): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-6911(00)00042-6.

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2

Jarošová, A. "Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in the food chain." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 24, No. 5 (November 12, 2011): 223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3318-cjfs.

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Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) rank among the primary risk pollutants and their adverse effects may endanger the environmental balance and affect the ontogenetic development of live organisms and their body functions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to monitor the occurrence of PAEs in packaging materials and plastics (infusion sets), to evaluate the accumulation and distribution of the most common phthalates such as DEHP (di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate) and DBP (di-n-butyl phthalate) in body tissues and organs of pigs and broiler chicks having been administered the phthalates per os, to assess the occurrence of PAEs in pig and cattle farms in the district of Hodonín (1997–1999), and to propose precautionary measures to mitigate the risk of PAE penetration into the food chain and the environments. DEHP and DBP contents in packaging materials ranged from 0.1 to 4259 mg DEHP, and from 0.1 to 1298 mg DBP per 1 kg printed packaging material, respectively. In haemodialysis patients, over 0.5 mg DEHP per 1 kg blood was found after three hours of haemodialysis. In combined feeds for farm animals (pigs, cattle, poultry), DEHP and DBP concentrations ranging from 0.07 to 1.77 and from 0.06 to 2.36 mg/kg feed, respectively, were detected. In all the food samples investigated, measurable levels of DEHP (less than 0.01–0.22 mg/kgsample) and DBP (less than 0.01 to 1.31 mg/kgsample) were found. In the experimental pigs and broilers, phthalates were distributed in all the organs monitored and the highest accumulation was found in adipose tissue as expected. All the samples withdrawn from farms in the Hodonín district had measurable phthalate concentrations; the hygienic limit (4 mg/kg) was exceeded in 2 samples of swine adipose tissue (4.26 and 6.92 mg/kgfresh sample) and in 1 sample of cattle adipose tissue (4.75 mg/kgfresh sample).  
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3

Li, Xun, Clyde W. Holsapple, and Thomas J. Goldsby. "The structural impact of supply chain management teams." Management Research Review 42, no. 2 (February 18, 2019): 290–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mrr-04-2018-0163.

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Purpose In today’s constantly evolving global business environment, multidivisional firms (MDFs) require an organizational structure for supply chain management (SCM) that facilitates the development of supply chain agility. This research aims to investigate what structural elements of an MDF’s SCM team contribute to supply chain agility. Design/methodology/approach A two-sample field study was conducted. Four MDFs with top-performing supply chains (Sample 1) were first studied to identify agility-supporting structural elements. Then, quantitative data from 35 MDFs with contrasting levels of supply chain agility (Sample 2) were collected to test the theoretical propositions advanced from Sample 1 findings. Findings The results reveal four structural elements that exert a positive impact on an MDF’s supply chain agility: hierarchical position of the divisional top supply chain executive, scope of divisional supply chain operations, hierarchical position of the top supply chain executive at the headquarters and scope of SCM coordination by the headquarters. Originality/value First, this study provides a comparatively comprehensive understanding of the SCM organization structure in MDFs. Second, this study is one of the first to provide empirically supported theoretical insights about the linkage between an MDF’s organizational structure for SCM and supply chain agility.
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4

Platt, Lucinda, Renee Luthra, and Tom Frere-Smith. "Adapting chain referral methods to sample new migrants." Demographic Research 33 (September 23, 2015): 665–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/demres.2015.33.24.

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5

Wu, Lifeng, and Yan Chen. "Interval Forecasting in Supply Chain with Small Sample." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (October 1, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1737840.

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To deal with the forecasting with small samples in the supply chain, three grey models with fractional order accumulation are presented. Human judgment of future trends is incorporated into the order number of accumulation. The output of the proposed model will provide decision-makers in the supply chain with more forecasting information for short time periods. The results of practical real examples demonstrate that the model provides remarkable prediction performances compared with the traditional forecasting model.
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6

Brooks, Andrew. "Roundtable Discussion: Protecting Complete Sample Chain of Custody." Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News 38, no. 20 (November 15, 2018): S21—S26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/gen.38.20.17.

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Tice, George, Bridget Andaloro, Dawn Fallon, Erin Crowley, Amy C. Remes, F. Morgan Wallace, and Thomas Hammack. "DuPont Qualicon BAX System Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 92, no. 6 (November 1, 2009): 1902–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/92.6.1902.

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Abstract A recent outbreak of Salmonella in peanut butter has highlighted the need for validation of rapid detection methods. A multilaboratory study for detecting Salmonella in peanut butter was conducted as part of the AOAC Research Institute Emergency Response Validation program for methods that detect outbreak threats to food safety. Three sites tested spiked samples from the same master mix according to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Bacteriological Analytical Manual (FDA-BAM) method and the BAX System method. Salmonella Typhimurium (ATCC 14028) was grown in brain heart infusion for 24 h at 37C, then diluted to appropriate levels for sample inoculation. Master samples of peanut butter were spiked at high and low target levels, mixed, and allowed to equilibrate at room temperature for 2 weeks. Spike levels were low [1.08 most probable number (MPN)/25 g]; high (11.5 MPN/25 g) and unspiked to serve as negative controls. Each master sample was divided into 25 g portions and coded to blind the samples. Twenty portions of each spiked master sample and five portions of the unspiked sample were tested at each site. At each testing site, samples were blended in 25 g portions with 225 mL prewarmed lactose broth until thoroughly homogenized, then allowed to remain at room temperature for 5565 min. Samples were adjusted to a pH of 6.80.2, if necessary, and incubated for 2226 h at 35C. Across the three reporting laboratories, the BAX System detected Salmonella in 10/60 low-spike samples and 58/60 high-spike samples. The reference FDA-BAM method yielded positive results for 11/60 low-spike and 58/60 high-spike samples. Neither method demonstrated positive results for any of the 15 unspiked samples.
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Felbermair, Samuel, Florian Lammer, Eva Trausinger-Binder, and Cornelia Hebenstreit. "Generation of a synthetic population for agent-based transport modelling with small sample travel survey data using statistical raster census data." International Journal of Traffic and Transportation Management 02, no. 02 (October 10, 2020): 09–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5383/jttm.02.02.002.

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This paper presents a step-by-step method to generate a synthetic population for agent-based transport modelling as input to MATSim software, which requires an activity chain for each agent. We make use of high spatial resolution statistical raster (250 m) census data, applying all calculations at this scale. Due to the small sample, size of travel survey data an Iterative Proportional Fitting method is not suitable. Therefore, we devise a method utilizing Bayesian networks, maximum likelihood and Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation to reproduce attribute distribution and fit to raster margins. Stratified sampling along households is employed to generate activity chains for the synthetic population.
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9

Steuber, Tara L., Peter C. Kiessler, and Robert Lund. "TESTING FOR REVERSIBILITY IN MARKOV CHAIN DATA." Probability in the Engineering and Informational Sciences 26, no. 4 (July 30, 2012): 593–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269964812000228.

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This paper introduces two statistics that assess whether (or not) a sequence sampled from a stationary time-homogeneous Markov chain on a finite state space is reversible. The test statistics are based on observed deviations of transition sample counts between each pair of states in the chain. First, the joint asymptotic normality of these sample counts is established. This result is then used to construct two chi-squared-based tests for reversibility. Simulations assess the power and type one error of the proposed tests.
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10

Pascual, Leonor, Sara Pérez-Luz, Antonio Amo, Carmen Moreno, David Apraiz, and Vicente Catalán. "Detection ofLegionella pneumophilain bioaerosols by polymerase chain reaction." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 47, no. 4 (April 1, 2001): 341–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w01-012.

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Most studies focusing on detecting microorganisms in air by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have used a liquid impinger to sample bioaerosols, mainly because a liquid sample is easy to be processed by PCR analysis. Nevertheless, the use of multiple-hole impactors for the analysis of bioaerosols by PCR has not been reported despite its great utility in culture analysis. In this study we have modified the impaction onto an agar surface sampling method to impaction onto a liquid medium using the MAS-100 air sampler (Merck) (single-stage multiple-hole impactor). To evaluate the recovery of airborne microorganisms of both sampling methods, a suspension containing Escherichia coli was artificially aerosolized and bioaerosols were collected onto Tergitol-7 agar and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) with the MAS-100. A linear regression analysis of the results showed a strong positive correlation between both sampling methods (r = 0.99, slope 0.99, and y intercept 0.07). Afterwards, the method of impingement into a liquid medium was used to study airborne Legionella pneumophila by PCR. A total of 64 samples were taken at a wastewater treatment plant, a chemical plant, and an office building and analyzed by culture and PCR. Results showed that three samples were positive both by PCR and plate culture, and that nine samples negative by plate culture were positive by PCR, proving that L. pneumophila was present in bioaerosols from these three different environments. The results demonstrate the utility of this single-stage multiple-hole impactor for sampling bioaerosols, both by culture and by PCR.Key words: Legionella pneumophila, bioaerosols, PCR, multiple-hole impactor.
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Дисертації з теми "Sample chain"

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Wang, Wei. "Sample Average Approximation of Risk-Averse Stochastic Programs." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19784.

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Sample average approximation (SAA) is a well-known solution methodology for traditional stochastic programs which are risk neutral in the sense that they consider optimization of expectation functionals. In this thesis we establish sample average approximation methods for two classes of non-traditional stochastic programs. The first class is that of stochastic min-max programs, i.e., min-max problems with expected value objectives, and the second class is that of expected value constrained stochastic programs. We specialize these SAA methods for risk-averse stochastic problems with a bi-criteria objective involving mean and mean absolute deviation, and those with constraints on conditional value-at-risk. For the proposed SAA methods, we prove that the results of the SAA problem converge exponentially fast to their counterparts for the true problem as the sample size increases. We also propose implementation schemes which return not only candidate solutions but also statistical upper and lower bound estimates on the optimal value of the true problem. We apply the proposed methods to solve portfolio selection and supply chain network design problems. Our computational results reflect good performance of the proposed SAA schemes. We also investigate the effect of various types of risk-averse stochastic programming models in controlling risk in these problems.
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2

Frühwirth-Schnatter, Sylvia. "Bayesian Model Discrimination and Bayes Factors for Normal Linear State Space Models." Department of Statistics and Mathematics, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 1993. http://epub.wu.ac.at/108/1/document.pdf.

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It is suggested to discriminate between different state space models for a given time series by means of a Bayesian approach which chooses the model that minimizes the expected loss. Practical implementation of this procedures requires a fully Bayesian analysis for both the state vector and the unknown hyperparameters which is carried out by Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. Application to some non-standard situations such as testing hypotheses on the boundary of the parameter space, discriminating non-nested models and discrimination of more than two models is discussed in detail. (author's abstract)
Series: Forschungsberichte / Institut für Statistik
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3

Holt, Diane Lesley. "The development and empirical testing of a pressure/ response model of green supply chain management amongst a cross-sectoral sample of members of the Chartered Institute of Purchasing and Supply." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2005. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/6882/.

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This study develops and empirically tests a model of factors determining green supply chain management practices in organisations. Previous research on aspects of green supply chain management is dominated by anecdotal, sector specific studies that examine specific aspects of the supply chain, such as purchasing or logistics. Many argue this field is embryonic and lacking a structured integrative framework of research. This study addresses this gap by focussing on a whole supply chain approach that provides a synthesis of previous research to develop a model of green supply chain management. The data from a cross-sectoral survey of 149 members the Chartered Institute of Purchasing and Supply is used to test this model, using a variety of multivariate techniques. The model identifies environmental attitude as the primary determinant of green supply chain management practices, influenced to a lesser extent by external legislative factors. The influence of organisational contingencies on this model is also explored, and size identified as the only contingency that influences the relationships in this model. The dominant influence of environmental attitude suggests that within organisations there are internal factors, or individuals, that may push forward the green agenda, and those initiatives that focus on changing the environmental attitude/ culture of an organisation might be the most effective at improving environmental performance. This study suggests that factors previously identified as important within green supply chain management, such as supply chain or competitive pressures, are less influential than expected. However, future research should seek to compare the findings from this study with a larger, cross-sectoral sample that includes diverse organisations from different nations, sectors and levels of channel power.
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4

Lantz, Pär-G. "PCR-based detection of microorganisms in complex biological samples." Lund : Dept. of Applied Microbiology, Lund University, 1998. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/39178906.html.

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Verhelst, Norman D., Reinhold Hatzinger, and Patrick Mair. "The Rasch Sampler." Foundation for Open Access Statistics, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.18637/jss.v020.i04.

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The Rasch sampler is an efficient algorithm to sample binary matrices with given marginal sums. It is a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm. The program can handle matrices of up to 1024 rows and 64 columns. A special option allows to sample square matrices with given marginals and fixed main diagonal, a problem prominent in social network analysis. In all cases the stationary distribution is uniform. The user has control on the serial dependency. (authors' abstract)
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6

Pang, Wan-Kai. "Modelling ordinal categorical data : a Gibbs sampler approach." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323876.

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Guha, Subharup. "Benchmark estimation for Markov Chain Monte Carlo samplers." The Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1085594208.

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Zhu, Qingyun. "Product Deletion and Supply Chain Management." Digital WPI, 2019. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-dissertations/527.

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One of the most significant changes in the evolution of modern business management is that organizations no longer compete as individual entities in the market, but as interlocking supply chains. Markets are no longer simply trading desks but dynamic ecosystems where people, organizations and the environment interact. Products and associated materials and resources are links that bridge supply chains from upstream (sourcing and manufacturing) to downstream (delivering and consuming). The lifecycle of a product plays a critical role in supply chains. Supply chains may be composed by, designed around, and modified for products. Product-related issues greatly impact supply chains. Existing studies have advanced product management and product lifecycle management literature through dimensions of product innovation, product growth, product line extensions, product efficiencies, and product acquisition. Product deletion, rationalization, or reduction research is limited but is a critical issue for many reasons. Sustainability is an important reason for this managerial decision. This study, grounded from multiple literature streams in both marketing and supply chain fields, identified relations and propositions to form a firm-level analysis on the role of supply chains in organizational product deletion decisions. Interviews, observational and archival data from international companies (i.e.: Australia, China, India, and Iran) contributed to the empirical support as case studies through a grounded theory approach. Bayesian analysis, an underused empirical analysis tool, was utilized to provide insights into this underdeveloped research stream; and its relationship to qualitative research enhances broader methodological understanding. Gibbs sampler and reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation were used for Bayesian analysis based on collected data. The integrative findings are exploratory but provide insights for a number of research propositions.
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9

Lewis, Richard Griggs. "Detection of viruses in environmental samples using rotating membrane ultrafiltration and thepolymerase chain reaction." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11644.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1994.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 191-203).
by Richard Griggs Lewis II.
Ph.D.
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10

Kuhle, Jens. "Towards quantifying axonal damage in blood samples from patients with neurological diseases." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2015. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/9085.

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Reliable biomarkers of axonal damage are urgently needed in neurological diseases. Neurofilaments (Nf) are specific structural elements of neurons composed of at least three subunits: Nf light chain (NfL), Nf medium and Nf heavy chain (NfH). This PhD aimed to characterise NfL levels and their correlation with clinical features in patients with neurological diseases with a different rate of progression and following and under different treatment regimes. An important aim was also to develop a bioassay for NfL measurements in blood. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) NfL levels discriminated patients with a clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) (p=0.001) or multiple sclerosis (MS) (p=0.035) from healthy controls more efficiently, and was more sensitive to change after natalizumab therapy (p<0.0001) than CSF NfH (p=0.002). Further, CSF NfL levels decreased in fingolimodtreated MS patients (p=0.001), but not in those receiving placebo (p=0.433). Based on these findings, a sensitive method for the detection of NfL in serum was developed and validated. Patients with neurological diseases had higher serum NfL values than controls. In acute spinal cord injury (SCI), serum NfL levels correlated with injury severity and long-term motor outcome, and Minocycline treatment was associated with decreased NfL levels in complete SCI patients compared to placebo. Finally, I found that serum NfL levels were higher in CIS patients than in healthy controls but did not predict conversion to clinically definite MS (CDMS). Independent predictors of CDMS were instead oligoclonal bands, number of T2 lesions and age at CIS. Lower 25-OHvitamin D levels were associated with CDMS in univariate analysis, but this was attenuated in the multivariate model. In conclusion, NfL proved to be an analytically stable protein which is an important prerequisite for biomarkers. The role of NfL quantification as a surrogate measure of neuroaxonal damage is corroborated by my findings and further supports the usefulness of NfL as a putative biomarker of axonal damage in various neurological diseases.
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Книги з теми "Sample chain"

1

Roberts, Gareth O. Convergence of slice sampler Markov chains. [Toronto: University of Toronto, 1997.

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2

Liang, F. Advanced Markov chain Monte Carlo methods: Learning from past samples. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2010.

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3

Christine, Murphy, ed. Chain of custody--recommendations for acceptance and analysis of evidentiary geochemical samples. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1997.

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4

1942-, Cooper J. David, Pikulski John J, O'Brien Anne Sibley, Gay Tanner Ottley, Yee Wong Herbert, Aardema Verna, Pape Donna Lugg, Bernard Robin, and Standiford Natalie, eds. Transitions in literacy: Sample materials. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1999.

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5

Stelzer, Erin A. Interlaboratory comparison of results for three microbial source tracking quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays from fecal-source and environmental samples. Reston, Va: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2012.

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6

Vasterman, Peter, ed. From Media Hype to Twitter Storm. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462982178.

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The word media hype is often used as rhetorical argument to dismiss waves of media attention as overblown, disproportional and exaggerated. But these explosive news waves, as well as - nowadays - the twitter storms, are object of scientific research, because they are an important phenomenon in the public area. Sometimes it is indeed 'much ado about nothing' but in many cases these media storms have play an important role in political issues, scandals and crises. Twitter storms sometimes ruin reputations within hours. Although different concepts are used, such as media hypes, news waves, media storms, information cascades or risk amplification, all the studies in this book refer to the same process in which key events trigger a chain of reactions and interactions, building up huge news waves in the media or rapidly spreading social epidemics in the social media. This book offers the first comprehensive overview of this important topic. It is not only interesting for scholars and students in media and journalism, but also for professionals in PR and communication, crisis communication and reputation management.
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7

Bond, Primula. Silver Chain Free Sample. HarperCollins Publishers Limited, 2013.

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8

Build Your Playbook for Managing Supply Chain Transactions: WITH DESKTOP TOOLS, REFERENCES AND SAMPLE FORMS. X. Paul Humbert, 2015.

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9

Coolen, A. C. C., A. Annibale, and E. S. Roberts. Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling of graphs. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198709893.003.0006.

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This chapter looks at Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques to generate hard- and soft-constrained exponential random graph ensembles. The essence is to define a Markov chain based on ergodic randomization moves acting on a network with transition probabilities which satisfy detailed balance. This is sufficient to ensure that the Markov chain will sample from the ensemble with the desired probabilities. This chapter studies several commonly seen randomization move sets and carefully defines acceptance probabilities for a range of different ensembles using both the Metropolis–Hastings and the Glauber prescription. Particular care is paid to describe and avoid the pitfalls that can occur in defining randomization moves for hard-constrained ensembles, and applying them without introducing inadvertent bias (i.e. defining and comparing protocols including switch-and-hold and mobility).
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10

Carroll, Raymond, Faming Liang, and Chuanhai Liu. Advanced Markov Chain Monte Carlo Methods: Learning from Past Samples. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2011.

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Частини книг з теми "Sample chain"

1

Kumar, Amit, and Amita Kashyap. "DNA Sample Collection and Packaging: Chain of Custody." In Handbook of DNA Forensic Applications and Interpretation, 35–48. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0043-3_4.

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2

Fishman, George S. "Analyzing Sample Path Data from Markov Chain Sampling Experiments." In Computations with Markov Chains, 237–53. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2241-6_15.

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3

Aoki, Satoshi, Hisayuki Hara, and Akimichi Takemura. "Markov Chain Monte Carlo Methods over Discrete Sample Space." In Springer Series in Statistics, 23–31. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3719-2_2.

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4

Köhler, Th. "Quantitation of Absolute Numbers of mRNA Copies in a cDNA Sample by Competitive PCR." In Quantitation of mRNA by Polymerase Chain Reaction, 143–53. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79712-5_14.

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5

Launer, Markus, and Fatih Çetin. "Exploring Digital Trust in the Food Supply Chain in a Worldwide Sample." In Trust and Digital Business, 256–65. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003266525-22.

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Walrand, Jean. "PageRank: B." In Probability in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 21–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49995-2_2.

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AbstractIn this chapter, we take a second look at the concepts that we introduced in PageRank-A. The main ideas concern the long-term behavior of Markov chains and, in particular, the significance of the invariant distribution. As explained in the Introduction, part B of each chapter can be omitted in an introductory course.Section 2.1 discusses the sample space of a Markov chain: the outcomes and their probability. Section 2.2 explains the meaning of the weak and strong laws of large numbers. Section 2.3 proves these results for independent and identically distributed random variables. Section 2.4 proves the strong law of large numbers for Markov chains. Section 2.5 concludes the chapter by proving the Big Theorem for Markov chains.
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Tagliabracci, A., R. Giorgetti, A. Agostini, M. Cingolani, and S. D. Ferrara. "Analysis of D1S80 (pMCT 118) Locus Polymorphism in an Italian Population Sample by the Polymerase Chain Reaction." In Advances in Forensic Haemogenetics, 109–11. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77324-2_31.

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Meyn, Sean P., and Richard L. Tweedie. "Sample Paths and Limit Theorems." In Markov Chains and Stochastic Stability, 410–45. London: Springer London, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3267-7_17.

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Behrends, Ehrhard. "The Metropolis sampler and simulated annealing." In Introduction to Markov Chains, 209–19. Wiesbaden: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-90157-6_21.

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Limberg, Marguerite, Giulio Disanto, Christian Barro, and Jens Kuhle. "Neurofilament Light Chain Determination from Peripheral Blood Samples." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 93–98. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/7651_2015_206.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Sample chain"

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Adams, Douglas, James Leary, Stergios Papadakis, Clint Apland, Rob Maddock, Sotiris Kellas, Rick Winski, Todd White, Cole Kazemba, and Parul Agrawal. "Comet surface sample return: Sample chain system overview." In 2017 IEEE Aerospace Conference. IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aero.2017.7943721.

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Gershman, Robert, Yoseph Bar-Cohen, Morgan Hendry, Moogega Stricker, Danil Dobrynin, and Alexander Morrese. "Break-the-chain technology for potential Mars sample return." In 2018 IEEE Aerospace Conference. IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aero.2018.8396744.

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Ozden, Altug, and Goksel Armagan. "Cost management strategy for enegy use in agriculture: EU Sample." In International Scientific days 2016 :: The Agri-Food Value Chain: Challenges for Natural Resources Management and Society. Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/isd2016.s3.06.

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Sayers, Michael B., and Tara M. Dalton. "A Novel Contamination Free Two Temperature Continuous Flow Polymerase Chain Reactor." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-43055.

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Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is an enzymatic process that has dramatically advanced many fields of life sciences, where it is an indispensable tool in a burgeoning range of applications, including diagnostic medicine, molecular biology, forensics and food testing. Recent increased demand for extremely high throughput PCR systems has led to the development of miniaturised continuous flow microfluidic PCR devices, which may have extremely high throughput compared to standard commercial PCR thermal cyclers. A novel continuous flow microfluidic PCR device has been designed and fabricated, consisting of two thermal zones maintained on aluminium thermal blocks providing the precise temperatures required for denaturation and annealing/extension. Polycarbonate sideplates retain the denaturation thermal block vertically above the annealing/extension thermal block while allowing for a variable air gap to be maintained between them. Heating of the denaturation thermal block is achieved using a Labview controlled Thermofoil heater, while the annealing/extension thermal block is maintained at temperature by optimised heat transfer from the denaturation block. Flow-through capillary tubing is positioned into a grooved serpentine channel machined into these thermal blocks. This serpentine channel passes through each thermal block fifty times, providing fifty PCR thermal cycles. Contamination free high throughput continuous flow PCR necessitates that the samples be encapsulated in an immiscible carrier fluid to eradicate cross contamination between samples and suppress the likelihood of the sample contacting the capillary leading to sample degradation. Encapsulation of the PCR reaction mixture is achieved upstream of the thermal cycler through segmentation of the sample into droplets entrained within an immiscible carrier fluid, which are then cycled through the thermal cycler. High throughput DNA amplification of two genes, GAPDH and LEF1, from the REH cell line has been successfully demonstrated on this microfluidic platform without any detectable contamination between samples. The PCR droplet reactors were approximately 250nl which is two orders of magnitude less than the standard sample size for most commercial PCR thermal cyclers.
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Moreland, Scott Jared, Paul G. Backes, Mircea Badescu, Dario Riccobono, Marco Mongelli, Peter Vieira, Alex Brinkman, et al. "Full-scale dynamic touch-and-go validation of the BiBlade comet surface sample chain." In 2018 IEEE Aerospace Conference. IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aero.2018.8396802.

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Suwa, Tohru, Hamid Hadim, and Yong Shi. "Multidisciplinary Design and Optimization for Oscillating Flow Polymerase Chain Reaction Microfluidics Device." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-11820.

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A Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) process is almost always required prior to DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) analysis to create multiple copies of DNA fragments. Using microfluidics technology, the PCR process requires much shorter process time and much less DNA samples than conventional PCR systems. Among existing microfluidics-based techniques, the oscillating flow PCR has advantages including faster analysis time than cavity PCR microfluidics, and smaller contact area between the sample and polymer channel wall compared to flow-through PCR. The smaller contact area reduces DNA adsorption and enhances DNA detection accuracy. In the proposed study, new design features of the oscillating flow PCR concept are evaluated including: (1) PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) and glass are selected as the microfluidics chip material for realizing a disposable chip, (2) water impingement cooling is applied to effectively isolate the temperature zones, and (3) a copper layer is attached outside of the chip to enhance uniform temperature distribution within the temperature zones. When PDMS is used for PCR microfluidics devices, lower efficiency has been a disadvantage. The efficiency is lowered because the DNA fragments are trapped at the PDMS surface. This trapping can be reduced by minimizing the contact area between the sample and the PDMS surface. When the sample contact area is reduced, which can be achieved by increasing the flow channel cross-sectional area, thermal response is degraded. Optimal channel dimensions are determined by considering the trade-off between thermal response and sample contact area with PDMS channel wall. The resulting thermal response of the sample in the temperature zone is comparable to existing studies, which use silicon as the chip material. A transient FEM heat transfer analysis for the temperature zone is performed for more effective thermal design and optimization.
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Bar-Cohen, Yoseph, Mircea Badescu, Stewart Sherrit, Xiaoqi Bao, Hyeong Jae Lee, Erik Bombela, and Sukhwinder Sandhu. "Sample containerization and planetary protection using brazing for breaking the chain of contact to Mars." In Behavior and Mechanics of Multifunctional Materials XIII, edited by Hani E. Naguib. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2513969.

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Chen, Hong, and Zhe-ying Han. "Sample study on Heilongjiang coal industry for local government behavior in green supply chain formation." In 2009 International Conference on Management Science and Engineering (ICMSE). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmse.2009.5317606.

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Ma, Kai-tung, Øystein Gabrielsen, Zhen Li, David Baker, Aifeng Yao, Pedro Vargas, Meng Luo, et al. "Fatigue Tests on Corroded Mooring Chains Retrieved From Various Fields in Offshore West Africa and the North Sea." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95618.

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Abstract When an aged mooring system seeks a life extension, it is necessary to assess the remaining fatigue life of the corroded mooring chain. This paper summarizes the results of fatigue tests performed on mooring chain samples retrieved from six different fields in West Africa and North Sea. The impacts of corrosion on fatigue life on the samples were researched. The tests were managed under a Joint Development Project, “Fatigue of Corroded Chains (FoCCs JDP)”. The objectives of the JDP are (1) to derive a methodology for assessing the remaining fatigue life of corroded chain, (2) to develop guidance for performing reliable FEA of chain links to assess remaining fatigue life, and (3) to provide more rational basis to improve industry guidance on mooring line replacement criteria for life extension. Fatigue test procedure was defined by the fifteen (15) participating members. The procedure specified the testing parameters, including mean tension, tension range, and test frequency. Six sets of fatigue tests have been completed in seawater with the number of cycles to failure recorded. These chain samples were retrieved from floating production and storage units, e.g. FPSOs and FSUs, that were still in service. Fatigue data obtained from the tests were plotted against the design SN curves and results from fatigue testing of new chain. It was found that most of these samples have limited amount of fatigue capacity remained. Most interesting finding is that the sharpness of the surface feature on the corroded chain link has a significant impact on the remaining fatigue life. Another interesting finding is that the surface feature created by corrosion can be quite distinct and unique depending on the geophysical locations where the sample came from. These findings and test results may serve as references for life extension assessment of an aged mooring system.
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Jawale, H. P., and H. T. Thorat. "Positional Accuracy Analysis in Serial Chain and Four-Bar Closed Chain Manipulator." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-37375.

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Serial chain robots are integral part of industrial automation. Better reach within workspace, higher Degree of Freedom (DoF), flexibility and positional accuracy are credit performance features behind its wide acceptance. The flexibility and higher DoF of this configuration is underutilized, when it is used for a repetitive task in hard automation. The present paper considers application of closed chain four-bar mechanism as substitute of a serial chain robot for repetitive task involving single trajectory generation. The manipulators are modelled for positional accuracy under the influence of joint clearances and drive backlash. The positional error in both manipulators for a coupler point on sample path is estimated. The manipulators are considered to operate with identical input constraints. The error is expressed in terms of dimensionless number-as Error Index to estimate the comparative behaviour of the manipulators. The paper presents method of analysing the performance of a closed chain manipulator over serial robot.
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Звіти організацій з теми "Sample chain"

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Alemu, Dawit, and Gashaw T. Abate. The Covid-19 Pandemic and Household Rice Consumption Patterns in Ethiopia: The Case of Addis Ababa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2021.012.

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The outbreak of COVID-19 also resulted in moderate changes to the operation of the domestic rice value chain in Ethiopia. These were caused by changing responses of value chain actors (domestic and others engaged in rice imports) to the COVID-19 prevention measures put in place by the government. These changes increased the price of rice, which favoured rice producers and adversely affected urban consumers. This research note assesses household rice consumption patterns in Addis Ababa by comparing the situation before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, using a representative sample of households.
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Willis, C., F. Jorgensen, S. A. Cawthraw, H. Aird, S. Lai, M. Chattaway, I. Lock, E. Quill, and G. Raykova. A survey of Salmonella, Escherichia coli (E. coli) and antimicrobial resistance in frozen, part-cooked, breaded or battered poultry products on retail sale in the United Kingdom. Food Standards Agency, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.xvu389.

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Frozen, breaded, ready-to-cook chicken products have been implicated in outbreaks of salmonellosis. Some of these outbreaks can be large. For example, one outbreak of Salmonella Enteritidis involved 193 people in nine countries between 2018 and 2020, of which 122 cases were in the UK. These ready-to-cook products have a browned, cooked external appearance, which may be perceived as ready-to-eat, leading to mishandling or undercooking by consumers. Continuing concerns about these products led FSA to initiate a short-term (four month), cross-sectional surveillance study undertaken in 2021 to determine the prevalence of Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in frozen, breaded or battered chicken products on retail sale in the UK. This study sought to obtain data on AMR levels in Salmonella and E. coli in these products, in line with a number of other FSA instigated studies of the incidence and nature of AMR in the UK food chain, for example, the systematic review (2016). Between the beginning of April and the end of July 2021, 310 samples of frozen, breaded or battered chicken products containing either raw or partly cooked chicken, were collected using representative sampling of retailers in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland based on market share data. Samples included domestically produced and imported chicken products and were tested for E. coli (including extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing, colistin-resistant and carbapenem-resistant E. coli) and Salmonella spp. One isolate of each bacterial type from each contaminated sample was randomly selected for additional AMR testing to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for a range of antimicrobials. More detailed analysis based on Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) data was used to further characterise Salmonella spp. isolates and allow the identification of potential links with human isolates. Salmonella spp. were detected in 5 (1.6%) of the 310 samples and identified as Salmonella Infantis (in three samples) and S. Java (in two samples). One of the S. Infantis isolates fell into the same genetic cluster as S. Infantis isolates from three recent human cases of infection; the second fell into another cluster containing two recent cases of infection. Countries of origin recorded on the packaging of the five Salmonella contaminated samples were Hungary (n=1), Ireland (n=2) and the UK (n=2). One S. Infantis isolate was multi-drug resistant (i.e. resistant to three different classes of antimicrobials), while the other Salmonella isolates were each resistant to at least one of the classes of antimicrobials tested. E. coli was detected in 113 samples (36.4%), with counts ranging from <3 to >1100 MPN (Most Probable Number)/g. Almost half of the E. coli isolates (44.5%) were susceptible to all antimicrobials tested. Multi-drug resistance was detected in 20.0% of E. coli isolates. E. coli isolates demonstrating the ESBL (but not AmpC) phenotype were detected in 15 of the 310 samples (4.8%) and the AmpC phenotype alone was detected in two of the 310 samples (0.6%) of chicken samples. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) testing showed that five of the 15 (33.3%) ESBL-producing E. coli carried blaCTX-M genes (CTX-M-1, CTX-M-55 or CTX-M-15), which confer resistance to third generation cephalosporin antimicrobials. One E. coli isolate demonstrated resistance to colistin and was found to possess the mcr-1 gene. The five Salmonella-positive samples recovered from this study, and 20 similar Salmonella-positive samples from a previous UKHSA (2020/2021) study (which had been stored frozen), were subjected to the cooking procedures described on the sample product packaging for fan assisted ovens. No Salmonella were detected in any of these 25 samples after cooking. The current survey provides evidence of the presence of Salmonella in frozen, breaded and battered chicken products in the UK food chain, although at a considerably lower incidence than reported in an earlier (2020/2021) study carried out by PHE/UKHSA as part of an outbreak investigation where Salmonella prevalence was found to be 8.8%. The current survey also provides data on the prevalence of specified AMR bacteria found in the tested chicken products on retail sale in the UK. It will contribute to monitoring trends in AMR prevalence over time within the UK, support comparisons with data from other countries, and provide a baseline against which to monitor the impact of future interventions. While AMR activity was observed in some of the E. coli and Salmonella spp. examined in this study, the risk of acquiring AMR bacteria from consumption of these processed chicken products is low if the products are cooked thoroughly and handled hygienically.
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Safta, Cosmin, Mohammad Khalil, and Habib N. Najm. Transitional Markov Chain Monte Carlo Sampler in UQTk. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1606084.

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Semaan, Dima, and Linda Scobie. Feasibility study for in vitro analysis of infectious foodborne HEV. Food Standards Agency, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.wfa626.

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a member of the Hepeviridae family capable of infecting humans producing a range of symptoms from mild disease to kidney failure. Epidemiological evidence suggests that hepatitis E genotype III and IV cases may be associated with the consumption of undercooked pork meat, offal and processed products such as sausages [1]. A study carried out by the Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA), found hepatitis E virus contamination in the UK pork production chain and that 10% of a small sample of retail pork sausages were contaminated with the virus [2]. Furthermore, studies have confirmed the presence of HEV in the food chain and the foodborne transmission of Hepatitis E virus to humans [reviewed in 5]. Likewise, Scottish shellfish at retail [6] have also been found positive for HEV viral nucleic acid and some preliminary studies indicate that the virus is also detectable in soft fruits (L Scobie; unpublished data). There are current misunderstandings in what this data represents, and these studies have raised further questions concerning the infectivity of the virus, the processing of these foods by industry and the cooking and/or preparation by caterers and consumers. There are significant gaps in the knowledge around viral infectivity, in particular the nature of the preparation of food matrices to isolate the virus, and also with respect to a consistent and suitable assay for confirming infectivity [1,3]. Currently, there is no suitable test for infectivity, and, in addition, we have no knowledge if specific food items would be detrimental to cells when assessing the presence of infectious virus in vitro. The FSA finalised a comprehensive critical review on the approaches to assess the infectivity of the HEV virus which is published [3] recommending that a cell culture based method should be developed for use with food. In order to proceed with the development of an infectivity culture method, there is a requirement to assess if food matrices are detrimental to cell culture cell survival. Other issues that may have affected the ability to develop a consistent method are the length of time the virally contaminated sample is exposed to the cells and the concentration of the virus present. In most cases, the sample is only exposed to the cells for around 1 hour and it has been shown that if the concentration is less that 1x103 copies then infection is not established [3,5,10,11].
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Johnson, James H. Samuel P. Massie Chair of Excellence Program. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1165364.

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Boruchowicz, Cynthia, Florencia López Bóo, Benjamin Roseth, and Luis Tejerina. Default Options: A Powerful Behavioral Tool to Increase COVID-19 Contact Tracing App Acceptance in Latin America? Inter-American Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002983.

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Being able to follow the chain of contagion of COVID-19 is important to help save lives and control the epidemic without sustained costly lockdowns. This is especially relevant in Latin America, where economic contractions have already been the largest in the regions history. Given the high rates of transmission of COVID-19, relying only in manual contact tracing might be infeasible. Acceptability and uptake of contact tracing apps with exposure notifications is key for the implementation the “test, trace and treat” triad. In the first study of its kind in Latin America, we find that for a nationally representative sample of 10 countries, an opt-out regime with automatic installation significantly increases the probability of acceptance of such apps in almost 22 p.p. compared to an opt-in regime with voluntary installation. This triples the size and is of opposite sign of the effect found in Europe and the United States. We see that an opt-out regime is more effective in increasing acceptability in South America compared to Central America and Mexico; for those who claim not to trust the national government; and for those who do not use their smartphones for financial transactions. The severity of the pandemic at the place of residence does not seem to affect the effectiveness of the opt-out regime versus an opt-in one, but feeling personally at risk does increase the willingness to accept contact tracing apps with exposure notifications in general. These results can shed light on the use of default options in public health in the context of a pandemic in Latin America.
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Osburn, Bennie, Marius Ianconescu, Geoffrey Akita, and Rozalia Kaufman. Rapid, Sensitive Bluetongue Virus Serogroup and Serotype Detection Using Polymerase Chain Reaction. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7612836.bard.

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The objectives of this proposal were to enhance animal health by 1) development of a BTV serogroup diagnostic assay using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and 2) development of a BTV serotype specific diagnostic PCR assay. A PCR assay for diagnosis of bluetongue virus (BTV) serogroup from clinical samples meeting the criteria of objective 1 was developed. This PCR assay is more sensitive than virus isolation and has been adopted by both the U.S. and Israeli collaborating laboratories of this project, as well as at least one other U.S. laboratory for routine diagnosis of BTV infection in ruminants. The basic BTV PCR protocol has also become an essential tool in BTV molecular research in both collaborating laboratories. During development of the BTV serotype specific PCR we had the opportunity to investigate a nationwide outbreak of abortions and fatal disease in dogs in the U.S. purportedly due to BTV infection via a BTV contaminated canine vaccine. The BTV serogroup PCR was integral in confirming BTV in tissues from affected dogs and in lots of the suspect vaccine. This led to the first published report of BTV infection in dogs. We discovered that BTV can produce silent persistent infection in canine cell culture. This indicated a need for more stringent screening of biologics for occult BTV infection. A novel mixed cell culture method was developed to identify occult BTV and other occult viral infection cell cultures. Serotype specific primers for PCR detection of all U.S. BTV serotypes and two Israel serotypes (BTV-2 and 10) have been evaluated and are available. A subsequent collaboration would logically include sequencing of the L2 genes of Israel BTV-4, 6 and 16, allowing incorporation of these Israel BTV serotypes into a multiplex PCR assay.
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Adeyiga, Adeyinka A. Samuel P. Massie Chair of Excellence In Environmental Disciplines: Hampton University 1994-2010 Year Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1165483.

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9

Ringhand, Madlen, Maximilian Bäumler, Christian Siebke, Marcus Mai, and Felix Elrod. Report on validation of the stochastic traffic simulation (Part A). Technische Universität Dresden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26128/2021.242.

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This document is intended to give an overview of the human subject study in a driving simulator that was conducted by the Chair of Traffic and Transportation Psychology (Verkehrspsychologie – VPSY) of the Technische Universität Dresden (TUD) to provide the Chair of Automotive Engineering (Lehrstuhl Kraftfahrzeugtechnik – LKT) of TUD with the necessary input for the validation of a stochastic traffic simulation, especially for the parameterization, consolidation, and validation of driver behaviour models. VPSY planned, conducted, and analysed a driving simulator study. The main purpose of the study was to analyse driving behaviour and gaze data at intersections in urban areas. Based on relevant literature, a simulated driving environment was created, in which a sample of drivers passed a variety of intersections. Considering different driver states, driving tasks, and traffic situations, the collected data provide detailed information about human gaze and driving behaviour when approaching and crossing intersections. The collected data was transferred to LKT for the development of the stochastic traffic simulation.
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Fernandez-Stark, Karina. Innovation and Competitiveness in the Copper Mining Global Value Chain: Developing Local Suppliers in Peru. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003814.

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Peru is the second largest producer and exporter of copper in the world. However, the countrys sector has weak background linkages and the emergence of innovative suppliers able to provide high-value products and services is still incipient. This article explores the opportunities to leverage Perus international positioning in the mining industry to foster the development and innovation capacities of local suppliers. Based on data analysis and interviews with local industry stakeholders, this research--which uses the global value chain framework--finds that the incorporation of a larger number of high-value local suppliers into the copper value chain is limited by weaknesses in the national innovation system. In addition to this, it notes that the national copper policy places little emphasis in the need to innovate and add value. In order to generate a critical mass of strong and innovative suppliers, Peru must create solid institutions and coordination mechanisms to develop the sector. At the same time, it should favor the insertion of domestic suppliers into the value chain and incentivize these to innovate and scale. The article presents recommendations in these areas, as well as best practices from other mining countries that have successfully overcome these challenges.
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