Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Salt taxes"
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Статті в журналах з теми "Salt taxes"
Dodd, Rebecca, Joseph Alvin Santos, Monique Tan, Norm R. C. Campbell, Cliona Ni Mhurchu, Laura Cobb, Michael F. Jacobson, et al. "Effectiveness and Feasibility of Taxing Salt and Foods High in Sodium: A Systematic Review of the Evidence." Advances in Nutrition 11, no. 6 (June 20, 2020): 1616–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmaa067.
Повний текст джерелаLEGRAS, SOPHIE. "Managing correlated stock externalities: water taxes with a pinch of salt." Environment and Development Economics 15, no. 3 (February 26, 2010): 275–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x10000021.
Повний текст джерелаRogić Lugarić, Tereza. "More, brodovi i – porezi." Zbornik Pravnog fakulteta u Zagrebu 72, no. 1-2 (June 1, 2022): 591–617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3935/zpfz.72.12.17.
Повний текст джерелаWu, Yonghong. "Tax Exporting through Federal Deductibility of State and Local Taxes: A Cross-state Analysis." Public Finance & Management 22, no. 2 (December 15, 2023): 146–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.37808/pfm.22.2.2.
Повний текст джерелаAltig, David, Alan Auerbach, Patrick Higgins, Darryl Koehler, Laurence Kotlikoff, Ellyn Terry, and Victor Ye. "Did the 2017 Tax Reform Discriminate against Blue-State Voters?" National Tax Journal 73, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 1087–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.17310/ntj.2020.4.08.
Повний текст джерелаSchorling, Elisabeth, Dea Niebuhr, and Anja Kroke. "Cost-effectiveness of salt reduction to prevent hypertension and CVD: a systematic review." Public Health Nutrition 20, no. 11 (May 10, 2017): 1993–2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980017000593.
Повний текст джерелаPineda, Elisa, Mathilde Gressier, Danying Li, Todd Brown, Sarah Mounsey, Jack Olney, and Franco Sassi. "Review: Effectiveness and policy implications of health taxes on foods high in fat, salt, and sugar." Food Policy 123 (February 2024): 102599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2024.102599.
Повний текст джерелаYounes, Samer. "The influence of food tax on island places." Nutrition and Food Processing 7, no. 5 (May 30, 2024): 01–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2637-8914/205.
Повний текст джерелаAbeshu, Gemechu Adimassu. "The Rise of New Forms of Power in Africa: The Emergence of Big Men in the Afar Region of Ethiopia." Modern Africa: Politics, History and Society 7, no. 2 (December 15, 2019): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.26806/modafr.v7i2.262.
Повний текст джерелаJaacks, Lindsay M. "Taxes on saturated fat, salt, and sugar improve the healthiness of grocery purchases, but changes are frustratingly small." Lancet Public Health 4, no. 8 (August 2019): e363-e364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2468-2667(19)30110-0.
Повний текст джерелаДисертації з теми "Salt taxes"
Gómez, Contreras Luis Carlos. "Estudio de Grabación con Sala de Conciertos Adjunta." Thesis, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, 2004. http://catarina.udlap.mx/u_dl_a/tales/documentos/lar/gomez_c_lc/.
Повний текст джерелаPinheiro, Cláudio Júlio César. "Contribuições da matemática financeira para o ensino médio : O uso de tributos em tarefas de sala de aula." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/8091.
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Não recebi financiamento
The aim of this research is to verify the contributions of the tribute studies of Financial Mathematics contents for High School. The income tax implicates several areas of public and private interests. The tax collection is one of the mainly public funds resources, it’s necessary for the accomplishment of state functions. To discuss the taxes history with Financial Mathematics relating to the student routine was the center of attention in this Master’s Thesis in the financial education construction of the participating subjects of the research. The task was developed, by lessons, in a private school in Votorantim, in São Paulo’s countryside. The research-professor worked with the subject of Mathematics all along the Middle School and High School; the peculiarity that appointed a qualitative nature research. To the produce of our labor’s information, initially we did a diagnostic with our students and we determined their acknowledge about the abbreviations and conventional taxes’ purposes in our society. We aim to present in this labor the meaning of each abbreviation (taxes’ initials), tax collection and distribution tax. We elaborated and applied lessons divided in two steps: the research about taxes and questions about applicability of taxes with financial mathematics contents. The leading question of our research had the following elaboration: What contributions the study of taxes can generate in the learning of financial mathematics for High School students? The outcomes of our research showed that to insert the student in the historical taxes context, associating them with questions related to social context of our research subjects, contributes to the learning of the financial mathematics program contents, which are usually approached by the perspective of formulas application and algorithms, meaningless.
O objetivo da pesquisa foi verificar as contribuições do estudo de tributos em conteúdos de Matemática Financeira para o Ensino Médio. A tributação da renda envolve diversas áreas de interesse público e privado. A arrecadação tributária é uma das principais fontes de recursos públicos, necessários para a realização das funções estatais. Discutir a história dos tributos junto com a Matemática Financeira e relacionando com o cotidiano do aluno, foi o foco desta dissertação de Mestrado na construção da educação financeira de nossos sujeitos participantes da pesquisa. O trabalho foi desenvolvido, por meio de tarefas, em um colégio da rede particular de ensino particular de Votorantim, interior do Estado de São Paulo. O professor-pesquisador trabalhou a disciplina de matemática durante todo o Ensino Fundamental II e Ensino Médio; uma peculiaridade que designou uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa. Para a produção de informações de nosso trabalho, inicialmente fizemos um diagnóstico com nossos alunos e constatamos o desconhecimento deles quanto às siglas e finalidades dos tributos usuais em nossa sociedade. Dedicamos apresentar neste trabalho o significado de cada abreviatura (sigla do tributo), o processo de arrecadação e a distribuição tributária. Elaboramos e aplicamos tarefas divididas em duas etapas: uma pesquisa sobre tributos e questões envolvendo a aplicabilidade de tributos com os conteúdos de matemática financeira. A questão norteadora de nossa pesquisa teve a seguinte formulação: Que contribuições o estudo de tributos pode gerar no aprendizado de matemática financeira para alunos do Ensino Médio? Os resultados de nossa pesquisa mostraram que inserir o aluno no contexto histórico dos tributos, associando-os com questões relacionadas ao contexto social dos nossos sujeitos de pesquisa, contribuiu para a aprendizagem dos conteúdos programáticos de matemática financeira, os quais geralmente são abordados pela perspectiva da aplicação de fórmulas e algoritmos, desprovidos de significados.
Rosso, Donete Simoni. "Do rap aos "Contos Crespos", de Luiz Silva (Cuti): a voz da resistência em sala de aula." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2016. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/956.
Повний текст джерелаCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This research consists of a study focused on literature and teaching, with interfaces in reading, writing and interculturality. We intend to analyze the relevance of working activities of reading and writing with students in a the ninth grade of elementary school, based upon national rap lyrics and tales from Luiz Silva (Cuti), specifically those ones in the book Contos Crespos (2008), with a view to develop or foster the criticality and the emancipatory reading. It consists of a bibliographical research; along with a practical propose of activities in the classroom. As for the technical procedures, it fits an action research with qualitative approach. It involves the use of standardized data collection techniques: it is a documentary analysis of interpretation activities and textual productions- rap lyrics and critical-reflective comments according to Didactic Unit drafted during the master's degree specifically for this purpose. We waited, with this proposal, encourage the intercultural debate in the classroom with the support of aesthetic forms drawn up by subject historically silenced, such as rappers and afro-descendent writers, as well as motivate teachers possible readers of this essay to try the experience such a possibility of pedagogical approach and with this deepen, the theme of this research in other biases. The theoretical approach is focused on the design of language and literature as social practice, since these are born of the needs of social interaction and questioning political, social, economic among the speakers, supported by Bakhtin (1997/2003/2010) and in reading literacy, as advocated by Soares (2001/2006) Kleiman (1995/2006) and Rojo (2009). Reading strategies based on the recepcional method proposed by Aguiar and Bordini (1993) and Zilberman (1989) are based on Reader-Response Criticism, according to Jauss (2002). The theoretical bases of the process of reading and reader training count on the contribution of Lajolo (1997/1999), Orlandi (1988), Silva (2005) and Zilberman (1982). In literary issues, it was seek support in Bosi (1986), Candido (1972/2004), Cortázar (2006), Compagnon (2009), Rosenfeld (1976), Barthes (2007), Petit (2008), Abreu (2006), Gotlib (2006), Cuti (2010), Andrade (1999), Proença Filho (2004), Duarte (2014) and Bernd (1997/2011), among others
Esta pesquisa consiste em um estudo voltado à literatura e ao ensino escolar, com interfaces na leitura, escrita e interculturalidade. Tem por objetivo analisar a pertinência de se trabalhar atividades de leitura e escrita com os alunos do 9º Ano do Ensino Fundamental a partir de letras de rap nacional e de contos de Luiz Silva (Cuti), especificamente no livro Contos Crespos (2008), com vistas a desenvolver ou fomentar a criticidade e a leitura emancipatória. Constitui-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica juntamente com uma proposta prática de atividades em sala de aula. Quanto aos procedimentos técnicos, encaixa-se como pesquisa-ação, com abordagem qualitativa. Envolve o uso de técnicas padronizadas de coleta de dados: análise documental de atividades de interpretação e produções textuais letras de rap e comentários crítico-reflexivos conforme Unidade Didática elaborada no decorrer do mestrado especificamente para esse fim. Espera-se, com essa proposta, incentivar o debate intercultural em sala de aula com o suporte de formas estéticas elaboradas por sujeitos historicamente silenciados, como os rappers e os escritores negros, além de motivar professores possíveis leitores desta dissertação a experimentarem tal possibilidade de abordagem pedagógica e, com isso, aprofundarem o tema desta pesquisa em outros vieses. A abordagem teórica está voltada à concepção de língua e de literatura como práticas sociais, visto que estas nascem das necessidades de interação da vida social e da problematização política, social, econômica entre os falantes, amparada em Bakhtin (1997/2003/2010) e na leitura como letramento, defendida por Soares (2001/2006) e Kleiman (1995/2006). As estratégias de leitura, com base no método recepcional proposto por Aguiar e Bordini (1993) e Zilberman (1989), fundamentam-se na Estética da Recepção segundo Jauss (2002). As bases teóricas do processo de leitura e de formação de leitor contam com o aporte de Lajolo (1997/1999), Orlandi (1988), Silva (2005) e Zilberman (1982). Para as questões literárias, foi buscado respaldo em Bosi (1986), Candido (1972/2004), Cortázar (2006), Compagnon (2009), Rosenfeld (1976), Barthes (2007), Petit (2008), Gotlib (2006), Cuti (2010), Andrade (1999), Proença Filho (2004), Duarte (2014) e Bernd (1997/2011), entre outros
Moucheront, Nicolas. "Le Palais des doges de Venise à l'époque moderne (1595-1625) : la conclusion d’un grand chantier." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EHES0014.
Повний текст джерелаThe gothic Venice Ducal Palace was realized for 1340 but all the last centuries of Middle Ages long and for whole Renaissance, works have gone ahead seamless. Around 1625, the building reach its actual design and till this moment, only restoration works have been realized. This PhD tesis in architecture history studies the conclusive moment of this building process in order to understand why and how for 1595 so big a building site achieves. Financing dynamics of public works in Venice are first of all inserted within a long term analysis from the amortization of public debt between Middle Ages and Modern times. Such a study consent to pass in review thanks to available publications the main steps of the Ducal Palace building and to advocate a financial study of some of the major public buildings in Venice late XVIth century such as Rialto bridge or Redentore church.This study on the institutional functions of the Salt Office is in a second moment addressed to a specific political moment for the Venice Republic, the Interdetto crisis. A series of biographic researches about public and private commissions of several doges on power from 1595 to 1625 is developed, focusing on the respective leaders from the pro papalist vecchi and their opponents, the giovani patricians, Marino Grimani and Leonardo Donà. Specific research on public records and family archives are also dedicated to the exceptional journey from Padua to Paris of Antonio Priuli. Indeed, as Surveyor from all the Ducal palace places, he is responsible for the transformation of this building between 1601 and 1614. Then, he relaunches the works when arriving on power from 1618 till his death in 1624. During all this time long, the carpenter Bartolomeo Manopola conducts the works as Salt office proto. A detailed study is realized on his family building firm associating stone carvers, carpenters and masons. The relationships between public building and important figures from the time such as the stone carver Giovanni Grapiglia, the architect Vincenzo Scamozzi and the art seller Daniel Nijs are also developed associating a study on the commissioners network, architecture details and building site accounts. Such a micro-historic approach from the productive structure of the building site is the base for an analysis from the superstructure, ie for a survey on the Ducal palace architecture transformations from 1595 to 1625.Internal conflicts enable an interpretation of the functional program for the room gradually arranged on the ground floor on the building and inside the lodges. The powers representations shaped on on the clock facade and inside the new banqueting room are then analyzed through a political length, considering the difficult situation resulting from the Gradisca war and the hot moment of the Bedmar plot in 1618, just when Antonio Priuli finally became doge. An opening chapter concludes the tesis putting the Ducal palace transformations within the current transformation cycles of the other headquarters of the Venitian power in Main Land and Sea Land main towns. The aim is to catch the political function from architecture design process in a Republic. Public palaces are sophisticated representations from power. Theirs material transformations are as a consequence the tools from complex negotiations in grade of overall political crisis moments
Valls, Marsal Joan. "Mortalitat per càncer de mama a Europa l'any 2005 i projeccions per a l'any 2015." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/2329.
Повний текст джерелаPel que fa a la metodologia estadística, en aquesta tesi aportem un marc de modelització que permet analitzar eficientment dades de mortalitat o d'incidència durant un període de temps i, mitjançant models edat-període, obtindre projeccions en el futur. L'estratègia de modelització ha donat lloc a uns resultats raonablement acceptables per a analitzar la mortalitat per càncer de mama a Europa. Hem desenvolupat un conjunt de funcions en el programa "R" que són lliurement accessibles i que permeten reproduir els resultats o bé aplicar la metodologia en altres àmbits i dades. També s'ha implementat una eina web que permet analitzar quina part de les diferències observades en la mortalitat o incidència d'una malaltia entre dos moments són degudes a factors demogràfics respecte el risc de desenvolupar o morir per la malaltia.
In this work, we present a statistical and epidemiological analysis of the breast cancer mortality in Europe. More particularly we have analyzed its recent trend up to 2005, for 32 European countries, and we provide projections for breast cancer mortality for the year 2015. Our results indicate that the trend is decreasing, with a diminution around 2% each year. However in most countries for Eastern and Center Europe this decrease affects only to younger women, while for older ones we detect an increasing trend. We have estimated for the year 2015 127,983 deaths from breast cancer in Europe, which represents a global increase of 4.68% respect to the number observed in 2005. Furthermore, this increase can be decomposed in three components: an increase of 5.28% due to the fact that European population will increase; and increase of 6.20% due to the aging of the European population and, finally, a decrement of 6.8% which can be attributed to a decrease of the risk of dying from breast cancer. Therefore, we have stated that, in fact, the risk associated to die from breast cancer will decrease in the years to come, more importantly in the North (14%), followed by the West and South of Europe (10.61% and 7.37% respectively). However in Eastern and Central Europe it is expected an increase of this risk (0.49%).
Regarding statistical methodology, we provide a modeling frame which is efficient for analyzing incidende or mortality data for a given disease, by means of using age-period models and providing also projections for the future. We have developed a set of functions in R code, which are freely available.
Ramírez, Estrada Karla. "Cultivos celulares de Taxus spp., una eficaz herramienta biotecnológica para la producción de taxanos y el desarrollo de estudios básicos sobre su biosíntesis." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/300431.
Повний текст джерелаPlant cell cultures constitute eco-friendly biotechnological platforms for the production of plant secondary metabolites with pharmacological activities, as well as a suitable system for extending our knowledge of secondary metabolism. Taxol and related taxanes are plant secondary metabolites with a remarkable anticancer activity. Despite the importance of these phytochemicals, their biotechnological production still requires optimization and several aspects of their biosynthesis remain unknown. In this work, we studied the response of two Taxus cell cultures (T. media and T. globosa) to the addition of β-methyl cyclodextrin (CD) and coronatine (CORO) with the aim of finding alternative systems for taxane production; we also characterized the TB768 gene, which a previous cDNA-AFLP analysis revealed to be a putative candidate for encoding a taxol biosynthetic enzyme. Taxane production was higher in the T. media than the T. globosa cell line, and was significantly enhanced by the simultaneous addition of both elicitors (CD and CORO); the expression of known taxol biosynthetic genes was correlated with the improved taxane production. Confirming in silico predictions, functional analysis of the TB768 gene showed that it encodes a cytoplasmic acyl-CoA ligase able to convert β-phenylalanine into its respective CoA ester derivative, a precursor of the taxol lateral chain. Therefore, this newly characterized enzyme, β-phenylalanine CoA ligase (TBPCCL), must be involved in one of the last steps of the taxane biosynthetic pathway. These studies are a contribution to the establishment of sustainable taxol production systems by elicitation or metabolic engineering approaches.
SILVA, Jacklaine de Almeida. "Com graça na escola: da ficção à realidade da sala de aula." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2008. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/1668.
Повний текст джерелаMade available in DSpace on 2018-09-10T16:55:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JACKLAINE DE ALMEIDA SILVA - DISSERTAÇÃO POSLE 2008..pdf: 17291100 bytes, checksum: 6a76e5dd310503dd1d36b983333f470c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05
Capes
Dentro do conjunto da obra de Graciliano Ramos, considerado um autor de textos complexos e, portanto, de difícil acesso ao público de um modo geral, a crítica literária tem abordado seus personagens infantis isoladamente, sem observar a relevância no conjunto de sua obra. De acordo com levantamento bibliográfico para esta pesquisa, observou-se que o autor é pouco explorado nos livros didáticos do ensino fundamental e médio e o viés infantil não é devidamente explorado pela crítica literária e/ou livros didáticos. Por esse motivo, este trabalho se propõe a trabalhar as seguintes narrativas: A terra dos meninos pelados (conto infantil: 1937); “Luciana” (1946) e “Minsk” (1945) (contos de Insônia), com objetivo de analisar a representação do personagem infantil em Graciliano Ramos e examinar a recepção desses contos em sala de aula, a partir das seguintes questões: Qual a relevância do personagem infantil na obra do autor? Como alunos do ensino fundamental receberiam a expressão de sofrimento e exclusão infantil, apresentada por Graciliano Ramos? Partiu-se da hipótese de que a representação do cotidiano, as ansiedades e expectativas, além das dificuldades que os personagens infantis possuem de compreender a si mesmos e situarem-se histórica e psicologicamente no meio social em que vivem, passando por momentos de descoberta e amadurecimento, possivelmente envolveriam o leitor “iniciante”, uma vez que os problemas desses sintetizam e projetam a experiência humana infanto-juvenil. Com esse intuito, a experiência pedagógica foi desenvolvida através de seqüência didática, em uma escola pública. A principal fonte de dados foram as respostas, dos alunos-colaboradores, aos roteiros de leitura e às perguntas formuladas em sala de aula. Do ponto de vista teórico, para a análise dos contos, esta pesquisa fundamentou-se na vertente da hermenêutica, filiando-se, para isso, a autores como Bosi (2003a), Eco (1993), Eagleton (1983), entre outros. No que se refere ao ensino de literatura, apoiou-se na teoria da estética da recepção e do efeito, baseando-se nas propostas de Jauss (1994), Chartier (2001), Iser (1979), Zilberman (1989) e nas propostas metodológicas de Chiappini (2005), Cosson (2006) e Pinheiro (2003), entre outros. Embora, inicialmente, a pesquisa se voltasse à recorrência do sofrimento dos personagens infantis na obra do autor, os alunos leram as narrativas por outro viés: o da diversão e brincadeira, ensinando à professora-pesquisadora a olhar os contos a partir de outra perspectiva. A pesquisa mostrou que há várias leituras para um mesmo texto e que a experiência do aluno deve ser levada em consideração.
Inside of Graciliano Ramos' works, he is considered an author with complex texts also not available to the public in general, the literary critic has been approached on his infantile characters separately, hindering his work relevance at all. Through the bibliographical research data, it was observed that the author is little explored in the fundamental and high school teaching and text books, and his juvenile inclination is not properly explored by the literary critic or in text books. For that reason, this study intends to work in the following narratives: The skinned boys' earth (infantile story: 1937); Luciana (1946) and Minsk (1945) (Insomnia stories), in order to analyze the juvenile character's representation in Graciliano Ramos also to examine the reception of those stories in the classroom, from the following subjects: Which is the infantile character's relevance in the author's work? How fundamental teaching students would receive the suffering expression and infantile exclusion presented by Graciliano Ramos? It departures from an hypothesis of the daily representation, such as: anxieties and expectations, besides difficulties the young characters possess in understanding themselves being placed historically and psychologically on their social context, throughout discovery and ripening moments, possibly, the beginning reader should be involved, once that those problems synthesize and project the infant-juvenile human experience. With this intention, the pedagogic experience is developed through a didactic sequence, in a public school. The main source data were the student-collaborators answers to the reading routes and the questions done in the classroom. Through a theoretical point of view, this research story analysis is based on the comprehension slope, according to authors as Bosi (2003a), Echo (1993), Eagleton (1983), among others. It refers to the literature teaching; it leaned in the aesthetics, reception and effect theory, related to the proposals of Jauss (1994), Chartier (2001), Iser (1979), Zilberman (1989) and in Chiappini (2005), Cosson (2006) and Pinheiro (2003), methodological proposals among others. Although, initially, the research turned to the appealing the infantile characters' suffering, in the author's work, the students read the narratives through another point of view: the amusement and game, teaching the researcher teacher observe the stories from other perspective. This research shows that there are several interpretations for the same text that student's experience may be let in consideration.
Silva, Francisco de Assis Dourado da. "A influência da descoberta do pré-sal na economia fluminense." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2010. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2421.
Повний текст джерелаSilva, Mariana Bergmann da. "Otimização de redes de distribuição física considerando incentivo fiscal baseado no crédito presumido de ICMS." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3148/tde-08012008-164701/.
Повний текст джерелаThis research evaluates the influence of some specific fiscal benefits related to current states sale taxes for internal and interstate operations over distribution center location decisions. The objective is to develop a mathematic model that determines a distribution network with lower cost considering fiscal benefits based on presumed credit, which is calculated as a proportional value of sales prices. To reach this objective a Mixed Integer Linear Programming model was developed. The optimizing function was structured to minimize the total cost, composed by logistics costs (freight and warehousing) and by fiscal benefit, which is a negative cost function due to the fact that the fiscal benefit is related to the tax that won\'t be paid. Some scenarios considering these fiscal characteristics were studied. The model was applied on a fictitious problem based on the distribution network of a manufacturer that produces and commercializes non durables consumption products. In order to get realistic results, logistics costs (freight and warehousing) and demand parameters were real data gathered from that manufacturer.
Raddo, Thiago Roberto. "Proposal of a new approach for BER evaluation of multirate, multiservice OCDMA systems." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18155/tde-16102012-105005/.
Повний текст джерелаA contínua evolução da tecnologia de comunicações ópticas observada nos últimos anos vem possibilitando atender a crescente demanda dos usuários por maior largura de banda. Esta nova demanda é atribuída principalmente à popularidade crescente de aplicações de banda larga, tais como TV por protocolo de Internet (IPTV), televisão de alta definição (HDTV), ensino online, e-saúde, filmes digitais de super alta definição (SHD) e e-cultura baseado em vídeo 3-D full-HD. Esta vasta gama de aplicações acabará por necessitar de tipos de serviços diferenciados e taxas de transmissão de dados diversificadas. Como resultado, capacidades de suportar diferenciamento de qualidade de serviço (QoS) e transmissão de múltiplas taxas estão se tornando um desafio para as redes ópticas futuras. Dentre muitas técnicas de multiplexação existentes, OCDMA constitui-se em um candidato potencial para as redes ópticas de próxima geração, particularmente devido a características como operação assíncrona, controle de rede simplificada, fácil adição de novos usuários, e também possibilidade de QoS diferenciado na camada física. O desempenho desta técnica de acesso múltiplo é limitado principalmente por interferência múltipla de acesso (MAI). Embora em sistemas OCDMA de múltiplas taxas e multiserviços a MAI deva ser considerada binomialmente distribuída, outras distribuições de probabilidade para a análise da MAI e, consequentemente, da BER têm sido utilizadas como uma aproximação. Neste contexto, este trabalho propõe um novo formalismo para avaliar o desempenho da BER de sistemas OCDMA 1-D e 2-D de múltiplas taxas e multisserviços considerando a MAI como binomialmente distribuída, o que resulta em uma expressão mais precisa para a BER. Além disso, o método proposto neste trabalho não requer conhecimento, a priori, das sequências de códigos geradas, o que significa que a análise do desempenho do sistema é obtida mais facilmente utilizando apenas os parâmetros do código. Um sistema OCDMA de múltiplas taxas empregando códigos 1-D OOC e 2-D OFFH será também investigado. Uma comparação do desempenho em termos de BER para o sistema baseado em OOC supondo tanto a distribuição de Poisson quanto a binomial para a MAI é investigada. De forma análoga, uma comparação para o sistema de múltiplas taxas baseado em OFFH supondo desta vez tanto a distribuição gaussiana quanto a binomial para a MAI também é analisada. É mostrado que a BER em cenários de múltiplas taxas pode ser superestimada ou subestimada em várias ordens de grandeza, dependendo da distribuição suposta para a MAI e do número de usuários simultâneos no sistema. Além disso, é apresentado pela primeira vez um switch óptico híbrido de pacotes OCDM/WDM capaz de prover transmissões de múltiplas taxas e serviços diferenciados. A arquitetura do switch proposto e seu desempenho em termos de probabilidade de perda de pacotes também são apresentados. Finalmente, é mostrado que o uso da distribuição gaussiana ou poissoniana para a MAI pode não ser apropriado para uma estimativa confiável de BER, uma vez que não são aproximações aceitáveis para avaliar o desempenho de sistemas de múltiplas taxas e multiserviços com boa precisão.
Книги з теми "Salt taxes"
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Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "Salt taxes"
Dunteman, Aubrey, and Soo-Yeun Lee. "Umami and Salty: A Cooperative Pair." In Food and Health, 73–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-32692-9_4.
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Повний текст джерелаТези доповідей конференцій з теми "Salt taxes"
Almajed, Hussain M., Omar J. Guerra, Ana Somoza-Tornos, Wilson A. Smith, and Bri-Mathias Hodge. "The design and operational space of syngas production via integrated direct air capture with gaseous CO2 electrolysis." In Foundations of Computer-Aided Process Design, 641–51. Hamilton, Canada: PSE Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69997/sct.134920.
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Повний текст джерелаЗвіти організацій з теми "Salt taxes"
Millis, R. Processing of YBa sub 2 Cu sub 3 O sub 7 tapes from a molten salt precursor. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6617452.
Повний текст джерелаSala-i-Martin, Xavier. Economic Integration, Growth, and Poverty. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009175.
Повний текст джерелаWiggins, Steve, Marco Carreras, and Amrita Saha. Returns to Commercialisation: Gross Margins of Commercial Crops Grown by Smallholders in Sub-Saharan Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2022.013.
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Повний текст джерелаDelbridge, Victoria, Astrid Haas, Oliver Harman, Anthony Venables, and Khady Dia-Sarr. Enhancing the financial position of cities: Evidence from Dakar. UNHabitat, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-igc-wp_2022/3.
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