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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Role prescription"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 21 грудня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Role prescription"

Owczarczyk, Anna, Magdalena Bogdan, Pawel Zuk, Marika Guzek, and Andrzej Sarnowski. "A role of nurse e-prescription in GPs’ time reorganization." International Journal of Integrated Care 23, S1 (December 28, 2023): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/ijic.icic23531.

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The digitization of Polish health care began before 2000, but recent years, especially the period of the COVID pandemic, accelerated it. The basis of the digital ecosystem of medical services is the e-health system P1. P1 consists of digital services: e-prescription, e-referral, DMR, and applications: Internet Patient Account, MojeIKP, office.gov.pl, as well as solutions improving the processes of planning and implementing health care services. One of the most popular e-tools used in medical services is the e-prescription. It was first issued in 2018, and since 2020 it has been a permanent element of e-services. Its advantages are, for example: -accelerating and facilitating the process of issuing prescriptions, -ensuring the correctness of issuing an e-prescription, -this prescription cannot be lost, because it is ""in the patient's phone"" and on his electronic account -the doctor has an access to all e-prescriptions filled by the patient -it enables the National Health Fund to keep accurate statistics on issued and dispensed prescriptions Since January 2016, nurses and midwives in Poland have had the right, with some restrictions, to prescribe basic medicines (on their own) and to continue prescription medicines ordered by a doctor, with the exception of narcotics and psychotropic drugs. That has given an easier access to certain health services for Polish patients. Currently, both e-prescriptions and the nurse prescribing, as a systemic solution, allow Polish doctors for saving their time and spending it more effectively on the complex needs of their patients. The aim of this study is to present the data of nursing prescribing as well as to show how nurse e-prescription influences the time saving by doctors. The study is based on the statistical data and the initial simulation was carried in Medical and Diagnostic Center LTD. An in-depth analysis may deliver crucial knowledge not only for single doctors, but also health managers and politicians. The study covers the years 2016-2022 and answers the following research questions: 1.How many e-prescriptions have been issued since the implementation of the e-prescription by doctors and nurses/midwives? 2.How has nursing prescription evolved due to digitalization – comparative study of statistical data 3.How many nurses do regularly issue e-prescriptions (at least once a month)? 4.What is the possibility of saving time by the doctors when prescription visits are carried out by nurses? 5.What challenges do e-prescriptions face as a tool that serves the medical personnel, patients and the whole health system?

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Firas Widianto, Izhhar, Akhmad Kharis Nugroh, and Chairun Wiedyaningsih. "The Role of E-Prescription in Reducing Medication Error in The Prescribing Stage at The Puskesmas Mojoanyar, East Java." BIO Web of Conferences 75 (2023): 05019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20237505019.

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Electronic prescription or e-prescription has been considered as a solution to overcome errors in the early stage of medicines use. However, the electronic prescribing is still not widely implemented in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to identify the role of electronic prescription in minimizing the incidence of medication errors at the prescribing stage. A cross-sectional study was conducted to compare errors between electronic and hand-written prescriptions in primary health care Mojoanyar. Mojokerto, East Java. Prescriptions were collected retrospectively using purposive and quota sampling based on predetermined criteria. A checklist form was used to collect and review prescriptions during the period February March 2021 (hand-written prescriptions) and December 2022 January 2023 (e-prescriptions). Errors in prescribing were identified in aspects related to the prescription writing process (incompleteness information; illegibility writing) and aspects related to drug selection decisions (drug interaction, drug dosage form, drug dosing and therapeutic duplication). The Chi-square test was used for testing relationships between categorical variables as appropriate. The data were presented in frequency and percentage using descriptive statistics. A total of 2570 prescriptions from 656 patients were reviewed for errors in which 1275 (328 patients) hand-written and 1295 (328 patients) electronic prescriptions. The results showed that incompleteness information was found to be significantly higher in hand-written compared to electronic prescriptions (p < 0.05). Illegible writing was only found in 92 (7.22%) hand-written prescriptions. The risk of drug interactions and other errors in drug selection decisions were not reduced by electronic prescribing. Electronic prescription was able to reduce prescribing errors, especially in the writing process, while for treatment decision it was necessary to add feature to the electronic support system.

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Poudel, R. S., R. M. Piryani, S. Shrestha, A. Prajapati, and B. Adhikari. "Prescription errors and pharmacist intervention at outpatient pharmacy of Chitwan Medical College." Journal of Chitwan Medical College 5, no. 2 (August 14, 2015): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v5i2.13150.

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Prescribing errors are harmful to the patients. The role of pharmacist in reducing potential harm from prescription errors have been highlighted by several studies. This study aimed to evaluate the drug related prescription error and pharmacist intervention at outpatient pharmacy of Chitwan Medical College Teaching Hospital. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the outpatient Pharmacy of Chitwan Medical College Teaching Hospital from November 2014 to December 2014. The outpatient pharmacist randomly selected 5000 prescription and checked for drug related prescription error using prescription error checklist. The pharmacist discussed the prescription errors with the prescriber. The prescriptions that were corrected by the prescribers were considered as pharmacist intervened prescriptions (pharmacist intervention). Descriptive statistics including Chi-square test were done for statistical analysis using IBM-SPSS version 20. Out of 5000 prescriptions 176 drug related prescription error was found. The commonest error was dose and dosing frequency error (39.2%), duplication (33.5%) and dosage form related error (19.3%). Most of the prescription errors were noted while prescribing antimicrobial drugs (27.8%), proton pump inhibitors (15.9%) and NSAIDs (12.5%). The pharmacist’s recommendation was accepted by prescriber in 90.3% of prescription . Chi-square test showed significant association (p=0.019) between prescription errors and pharmacist intervention. Pharmacist intervention can reduce the drug related prescription error, so the pharmacist and clinician need to strongly work together for reducing overall prescriptions error.

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Trivedi, Nitant, Hemangini R. Acharya, Manish J. Barvaliya, and C. B. Tripathi. "Prescribing pattern in patients of asthma visiting outpatient departments of a tertiary care hospital: a cross-sectional, observational study." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 6, no. 3 (February 24, 2017): 587. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20170818.

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Background: Objective of the study was to evaluate the prescribing pattern in patients of asthma visiting outpatient departments.Methods: Collected prescriptions were analyzed for demographic variables, proportions of various comorbid conditions, average number of drugs per prescription, average number of anti-asthmatic drugs per prescription, proportion of prescription with antibiotics, fixed dose combinations, and generic/brand names, proportion of formulations utilized, proportion of concomitant medications and possible drug interactions, average cost per prescription, average cost of antiasthmatic drugs per prescription, proportion of irrational prescription and adverse drug reactions.Results: Total 139 prescriptions were evaluated. Deriphyllin was the most commonly prescribed anti-asthmatic drug followed by beta agonist- steroid combination. Majority drugs were prescribed by inhalational route. Deriphyllin, and dexamethasone were prescribed by oral route and salbutamol was by both oral and inhalational route of administration. Antibiotics were prescribed to 24 patients. Possible drug interaction with deriphyllin was found in 15 prescriptions. Average cost per prescription was Rs. 193.4 (95%CI: 171.6-215.3).Conclusions: Prescribing pattern of asthma in our hospital shows more use of anti-asthmatic drugs. Standard treatment guideline should be followed. Role of methylxanthine in long term management of asthma should be justified.

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Tasleem, P., M. Reshma, M. Sai Kiran, L. Reddenna, and V. Sreedhar. "ROLE OF CLINICAL PHARMACIST IN CLINICAL AUDIT AT DEPARTMENT OF GENERAL MEDICINE." Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research 10, no. 1 (February 9, 2021): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32553/jbpr.v10i1.826.

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Background of the study: Inaccuracy in writing and poor legibility of handwriting or incomplete writing of a prescription can lead to misinterpretation, thus leading to errors in dispensing and administration. Both individual and system related factors are responsible for prescribing errors. Recognition is the essential step in building safer systems and preventing errors. These errors can be detected by systematic analysis of prescriptions through a prescription audit. Hence, this project was proposed to improve the prescription practice by recommending the prescribing and therapeutic interventions in a selected setting of Anantapur. Research Methodology: The study was approved by the ethical committee of the hospital. Before starting the study, the researcher obtained formal permission from Government General Hospital, Anantapuramu. The data collection period was for 6 months. A prospective observational design was adopted for this study. The prescriptions were selected on the basis of inclusion criteria. Descriptive statistics like frequency and percentage were calculated to describe the data. Results and discussion: The overall observation made from this study was that clinical pharmacist could identify some drug related problems, provides clinical pharmacy services and contribute to better patient care being a part of the healthcare team. Conclusion: There is enormous scope for the clinical pharmacist to play an important role in health care in various aspects like monitoring ADRs, provision of drug information, identifying DRPs and patient counseling which will bring better patient outcome. Key words: Adverse drug reactions, Clinical audit, Clinical Pharmacist, prescription audit

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Talay, Louis, Matt Vickers, and Tiffany Cheng. "The Role of Pharmacists in Minimizing the Risk Inherent in Unbundled Telehealth Services: A 12-Month Retrospective Case Study." Pharmacy 12, no. 6 (November 25, 2024): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy12060177.

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Pharmacists have often been viewed as the last line of defence against prescription errors in traditional care models. Although a large number of chronic care patients are using telehealth services to increase their access to continuous care, researchers have yet to investigate prescription safety in such settings in Australia. The absence of this literature is particularly concerning in the context of the Australian Government’s admission in a 2024 report that the national health system has not adequately addressed the World Health Organization’s ‘Medication without harm’ objective. One of the report’s key findings was that knowledge on digital direct-to-consumer services is insufficient. A defining feature of some of these services is their unbundling of the pharmacy component, which logically increases the risk for prescription errors. This study analyzed the frequency of which the Cloud pharmacy network intercepted prescription errors in an unbundled digital sexual dysfunction service for men. Investigators found that Cloud pharmacists were responsible for intercepting 22 (5.31%) the 414 prescribing errors observed in the Pilot Australia service in 2023, including 12 (8.05%) of the 149 prescription errors for premature ejaculation (PE) patients and 10 (3.77%) of the 265 errors for erectile dysfunction (ED) patients. Seven of the errors intercepted by Cloud pharmacists were of high or medium severity, including four drug contraindications, two cases of inadequate patient history reviews, and one case of inadequate counselling. This study also appears to be the first to provide digital prescribing error rate data in an Australian sexual healthcare setting, observing an error rate of 0.86% from 30,649 ED prescriptions, 1.13% from the 13,154 PE prescriptions, and a total prescription error rate of 0.95% (414 out of 43,792 prescriptions). These findings demonstrate the vital role of pharmacists in intercepting prescribing errors in unbundled telehealth services. Possible implications of these findings include the allocation of additional resources across the pharmacy sector and the establishment of regulatory safety standards for unbundled telehealth services.

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Elfowiris, Abdulsalam F. "Pattern of PPIs dispensing and the role of pharmacists in control of inappropriate prescriptions." مجلة أكاديمية الجبل للعلوم الأساسية والتطبيقية 1, no. 1 (November 28, 2022): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.58309/aajpas.v1i1.10.

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Even though Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are generally considered safe, they still have serious adverse effects in case of inappropriate use. The prescription of PPIs must be based on clear clinical need. This study was aimed to prospects the uncontrolled and inappropriate dispensing of PPIs, as well as the pattern of PPIs prescription. A total of 20932 prescriptions of PPIs were collected from the community and private pharmacies, and the prescribed and non-prescribed dispensing PPIs were evaluated. The results of the study have shown that there is an irrational prescription of PPIs with a huge demand for non-prescribed PPIs. For omeprazole, the percentage of prescribed to non-prescribed was 12% and 88%, respectively. While, Pantoprazole and Esomeprazole were 40% and 60%, and Lansoprazole was 27% and 73%. In summary, PPIs need more control from qualifying pharmacists to avoid the dangers of misuse and drug interaction.

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Eteraf Oskouei, Tahereh, Elaheh Vatankhah, and Moslem Najafi. "The Status of Potentially Inappropriate Medication Prescription by General Physicians for The Elderly in Tabriz (Iran) According to Beers Criteria." Salmand 16, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 274–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/sija.16.2.3045.1.

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Objectives: Prescribing medication for the elderly is an important health issue. This study aimed to investigate the status of Potentially Inappropriate Medications (PIMs) prescription for the elderly by general physicians in Tabriz, Iran. Methods & Materials: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 on the prescriptions of general physicians for the elderly in Tabriz, Iran. After initial screening of 16842 prescriptions belonged to two insurance systems (social security insurance and health insurance), 1500 prescriptions were selected. The Beers criteria 2019 was used to assess PIM prescription status and their alternatives were suggested if needed. Data were expressed as Mean±Standard Deviation (SD) and No. (%), and analyzed in SPSS v. 21 software. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to examine the differences in the study factors between the prescriptions related to two insurance systems. The relationship between patients’ age and PIM prescription was examined using Spearman correlation test. Results: The Mean±SD number of drugs in each prescription was 3.93±1.5 and the Mean±SD number of prescribed PIMs was 0.74±0.8. Polypharmacy was observed in 32.6% of the prescriptions, and 53.9% had at least one PIM. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antihistamines and benzodiazepines were the most PIM groups (45.6, 10.9 and 10.6%, respectively). The most common prescribed PIMs were Adult cold, Diclofenac, Glibenclamide, Ketorolac and Diphenhydramine. Number of PIMs in each prescription did were not statistically different between the prescriptions related to two insurance systems (P=0.343). Moreover, patients’ age and gender had no significant relationship with PIM prescription (P=0.312 and P=0.660, respectively). Conclusion: About 54% of the prescriptions issued by general physicians for the elderly in Tabriz contain PIMs, and polypharmacy is present in about one third of the prescriptions. In order to improve this condition, it is necessary to hold appropriate training and continuous retraining courses in geriatric medicine for general physicians. Supervisions by the Iranian Ministry of Health and Iranian Medical Council can also play an important role in improving the current situation.

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Lim, Dong Woo, Jung Yun Ahn, Ga Ram Yu, Jai Eun Kim, and Won Hwan Park. "Study on the distribution in major disease category and frequency of clinical usage of national health insurance herbal prescription based on analysis on KCD8 disease code of indications." Journal of Korean Medicine 44, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.13048/jkm.23001.

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Objectives: National health insurance herbal prescription of Korean medicine has been serving important role in public healthcare in spite of continuous demand on revision of system. However, the categories of insurance herbal prescriptions are not equally distributed throughout the KCD-based major disease categories. We analyzed statistical database of claimed national health insurance classified as major disease categories by years. We classified all 56 herbal prescriptions as per their total medical indications into 22 major disease categories to analyze their distribution. Significant increase of M and S-T code claims were found, whereas decrease of U code claims by years. We figured out that the 56 prescriptions were unequally distributed along with enrichment of certain codes such as K and J. Meanwhile, the insurance claim of each prescription was positively correlated with number of code types of their indications. As a result, we believe that the reform of national health insurance herbal prescription list is necessary to promote use of it in clinic.

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Kim, Heekyung, Mangyeong Lee, Jaegon Kim, and Juhee Cho. "General prescription pattern of insured herbal preparation in South Korea: A nationwide cohort study." Journal of Korean Medicine 45, no. 3 (September 1, 2024): 14–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.13048/jkm.24034.

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Objectives: Research on the general prescription patterns of insured herbal preparations in Korea has been limited. This study aimed to analyze prescription patterns of insured herbal preparations, utilizing the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) sample cohort 2.0 data from 2010 to 2019.Methods: NHIS sample cohort 2.0 database, which represents a sample of 2.2% of the Korean population, was analyzed. We analyzed data related to prescriptions recognized as insured herbal preparations. Variables included patient demographics, diagnosis codes, prescription details, and healthcare institution characteristics. We examined trends over the decade, focusing on herbal formulae and single herb extracts.Results: During the study period, 275,358 patients visited Korean traditional medicine clinics and received at least one prescription of herbal preparations, representing 27.5% of the total sample. The number of prescriptions increased by 209%, from 34,621 in 2010 to 72,553 in 2019. Females accounted for 67% of these prescriptions, and 77% were for patients aged 70 and older. The top ten herbal formulae (TTHF), including Ojeok-san and Gungha-tang, constituted 76% of all prescriptions. Herbal formulae were used more frequently than single herb extracts, with certain prescriptions being commonly utilized. There was a notable focus on musculoskeletal disorders, with low back pain being the most common diagnosis.Conclusion: The study demonstrates a significant increase in the use of insured herbal preparations, primarily in small clinics and among the elderly. Prescription patterns showed a preference for specific single herb extracts and herbal formulae, with consistent trends over time. These findings provide valuable insights for future clinical research and policy development, particularly as herbal medicine's role in the national healthcare system continues to expand.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Role prescription"

Gerrett, David. "The role of community pharmacists as advisors on prescription medication." Thesis, University of Derby, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10545/193190.

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This thesis describes the historical and functional evolution of British community pharmacists showing the succession of a compounding role by a supply function with incumbent bureaucracy. Development of a role as advisors on prescription medication is reviewed and the potential benefit explored by reviewing patients' lack of understanding about their medication following advice from general medical practitioners. Although ethical directives and specific guidance could be identified for the application and use of additional labels, little was found for provision of verbal advice. No comprehensive research was found to describe the prescription medication advisory role of community pharmacists. The present thesis primarily addresses this lack of knowledge. For a total of 651/2d ays between June 1988 and February 1989 the discussions of twenty of twenty four randomly selected community pharmacists which involved prescription medication were tape recorded, transcribed and the circumstances observed. For half this time a poster advertising community pharmacists' advisory service was displayed. Verbal advice was provided by the community pharmacist to 473 of 3519 individuals involved with prescription medication. Two types of community pharmacists were identified, proactive and reactive. Irrespective of type, a constant level of requests for advice was noted. Overall, display of the poster was not associated with any significant effect on the quantity of advice; however, it was associated with changes in the nature of advice with greater emphasis on 'Specific problem' and 'Side effects' over 'What is prescribed' and 'What to do with it'. Although reiteration of the prescribers' directions and verbalising additional label warnings accounted for the majority of verbal advice, qualitative analysis revealed an element of independent judgement. The sociological literature on the professions provides an understanding for the observations. It is argued that guidance for verbal advice provided in the British National Formulary may facilitate community pharmacists' prescription medication advisory role.

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Pauly, Nathan James. "INVESTIGATING THE ROLE OF PRESCRIPTION DRUG MONITORING PROGRAMS IN REDUCING RATES OF OPIOID-RELATED POISONINGS." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/pharmacy_etds/84.

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The United States is in the midst of an opioid epidemic. In addition to other system level interventions, almost all states have responded to the crisis by implementing prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs). PDMPs are state-level interventions that track the dispensing of Controlled Substances. Data generated at the time of medication dispensing is uploaded to a central data server that may be used to assist in identifying drug diversion, medication misuse, or potentially aberrant prescribing practices. Prior studies assessing the impact of PDMPs on trends in opioid-related morbidity have often failed to take into account the wide heterogeneity of program features and how the effectiveness of these features may be mitigated by insurance status. Previous research has also failed to differentiate the effects of these programs on prescription vs. illicit opioid-related morbidity. The studies in this dissertation attempt to address these gaps using epidemiological techniques to examine the associations between specific PDMP features and trends in prescription and illicit opioid-related poisonings in populations of different insurance beneficiaries. Results of these studies demonstrate that implementation of specific PDMP features is significantly associated with differential trends in prescription and illicit-opioid related poisonings and that the effectiveness of these features vary depending on the insurance status of the population studied. These results suggest that PDMPs offer a valuable tool in addressing the United States’ opioid epidemic, and may be used as empirical evidence to support PDMP best practices in the future.

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Goss, Randall C., Rudy Jr Molina, and Jared Roswurm. "The Impact of a Prescription Service Checklist on Patient Awareness of the Role of Pharmacists in the Community Pharmacy." The University of Arizona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624610.

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Class of 2006 Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the public’s awareness regarding the professional role pharmacists have in a community pharmacy setting. Methods: The study design was a small-scale, cross-sectional survey conducted in two community pharmacy sites. Subjects included patients picking up prescription medications requiring pharmacist consultation. Volunteer participation and completion of the PQ, constituted eligible enrollment into the study. The pharmacy questionnaire (PQ) consisted of 11 statements. Subjects were to read and signify along an ordinal scale whether they strongly disagreed to strongly agree with each statement. A total of 134 surveys were completed and returned for analysis from the two pharmacy sites. Analysis of the PQ looked at responses within and between group demographics, such as gender, age, frequency and reason for visitation to pharmacy. The impact of the independent variables on patient responses to the questionnaire and the differences in patient responses between the two collection periods was analyzed using independent t-tests or a one-way ANOVA. Results: The average response scores were positive for all Statements, ranging from ‘Somewhat Agree’ to ‘Agree.’ The two lowest rated statements were concerning the refusal to fill an unsafe prescription, and checking for prescription 3x for accuracy. The three highest rated Statements were ensuring patient understanding of proper medication use, answering questions about side effects, and pharmacist knowledge and expertise. Women answering questions more positively than men, particularly with ensuring patient understanding of proper medication use (p <0.01) and answering questions about side effects (p <0.05). The pharmacists’ knowledge and expertise was significantly higher rated in women than in men (p <0.01) and older women answered more positively than younger women (p <0.05). The statement about Refusing to fill an unsafe prescriptions had subjects 26 to 35 years old answering more negatively when compared to the 46 to 55 and >65 year old groups (p <0.05). As age increased, subjects responded more positively to the pharmacist verifying dosages, and men disagreed to a greater degree than women (p <0.01). Increases in the frequency of pharmacy visits had a visual trend of more positive responses, but only the verification of dosages was nearly significant (p <0.05). By whom the questionnaire was completed by (self or non-self) had no bearing on the response. Conclusions: Regardless of age, gender, or setting, patients tended to be reasonably familiar with the role community pharmacists take part in as a member of the health care profession.

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Mohammad, Annim. "Role of community pharmacists in enhancing health literacy of culturally and linguistically diverse community members." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17933.

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ABSTRACT To ensure there is excellence and equality in healthcare, it is imperative to cater for the needs of increasingly diverse patient populations due to globalisation and migration patterns. Australia has a sizeable population of culturally and linguistically diverse community members who are proficient in a language other than the official national language that is English. Such individuals may have impaired health literacy due to language challenges that may manifest when accessing healthcare. Community pharmacists are often the last point of contact for patients before any medicine is taken. Nearly two-thirds of Australia’s 30,000 registered pharmacists work in 5700 community pharmacies all over the country, providing professional care in over 350 million patient encounters annually. Despite this, a broad search of the literature revealed there has been a paucity of in-depth exploration of the interaction between the Australian community pharmacist and culturally and linguistically diverse community member with low English proficiency. The first two phases of research in this project thus involved obtaining an insight into how community pharmacists were meeting the health and medicine-related needs of culturally and linguistically diverse patients with low English proficiency; the first phase from the perspective of the culturally and linguistically diverse community member with low English proficiency and the second phase from the perspective of the community pharmacist. Among the many findings, one major finding was the need for the development of a resource uniquely tailored to the community pharmacy space that could be utilised to communicate essential medicine-related information, particularly at the point of prescription medicine supply. This finding and studies in the literature, informed the final phase in this project in which a randomised trial was conducted on a research-team developed intervention in the form of enhanced pharmacist-affixed prescription medicine labels with low English proficient, Vietnamese community members. Study results revealed improved comprehensibility of medicine-related information with the enhanced labels compared to currently available labels being supplied by community pharmacists. Findings from this project have profound implications for pharmacist practice and patient safety and may also inform continuing professional development activities as well as vii guidelines and standards for provision of medicines information to culturally and linguistically diverse patients with low English proficiency within community pharmacy.

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Whittemore, Hannah C. "The Expanding Role of Pharmacists: From Autonomous Apothecaries to Patient Care Team Players." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/597.

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This thesis discusses the evolution of the role of the pharmacist in U.S. health care delivery from its early origins to modern day practice. Public policy, education and licensing requirements, and technological advances have substantially shaped the role of the pharmacist and what health care services they provide. Where pharmacists once provided direct patient care when formal modes of pharmacist professionalization did not exist, post-WWII mass production of pharmaceuticals confined pharmacists to dispensing and distribution duties that did not fully utilize their drug knowledge. Consequently, pharmacy educators and leaders have pushed pharmacy practice into an era of “pharmaceutical care,” emphasizing direct patient care activities and the employment of pharmacists’ drug expertise. Pharmacists today have moved back into clinical roles, participating in patient care activities alongside other health care professionals—sometimes even providing primary care services. Due to the U.S.’s growing dependence of prescription drugs and the American public’s continuous demands for high quality care, greater access to health care services, and containment of health care costs, pharmacists will likely acquire greater responsibilities in direct patient care.

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Santiago, Zalvidea. "Role of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on electrical and contractile properties of cardiomyocytes from failing heart in mice." Montpellier 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON1T003.

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Williams, Faustine, Kellie R. Imm, Graham A. Colditz, Ashley J. Housten, Lin Yang, Keon L. Gilbert, and Bettina F. Drake. "Physician Role in Physical Activity for African-American Males Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy for Prostate Cancer." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/64.

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Purpose Physical activity is recognized as a complementary therapy to improve physical and physiological functions among prostate cancer survivors. Little is known about communication between health providers and African-American prostate cancer patients, a high risk population, regarding the health benefits of regular physical activity on their prognosis and recovery. This study explores African-American prostate cancer survivors’ experiences with physical activity prescription from their physicians. Methods Three focus group interviews were conducted with 12 African-American prostate cancer survivors in May 2014 in St. Louis, MO. Participants’ ages ranged from 49 to 79 years, had completed radical prostatectomy, and their time out of surgery varied from 7 to 31 months. Results Emerged themes included physician role on prescribing physical activity, patients’ perceived barriers to engaging in physical activity, perception of normalcy following surgery, and specific resources survivors’ sought during treatment. Of the 12 men who participated, 8 men (67%) expressed that their physicians did not recommend physical activity for them. Although some participants revealed they were aware of the importance of sustained physical activity on their prognosis and recovery, some expressed concerns that urinary dysfunction, incontinence, and family commitments prevented them from engaging in active lifestyles. Conclusions Transitioning from post radical prostatectomy treatment to normal life was an important concern to survivors. These findings highlight the importance of physical activity communication and prescription for prostate cancer patients.

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Jones, Christopher McCall. "Estimating the Magnitude and Characteristics of Prescription Opioid Injection Misuse and the Role of Syringe Services Programs in Response to the Opioid Crisis in the United States." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13806240.

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The United States is experiencing an unprecedented crisis of prescription and illicit opioid misuse, addiction and overdose. Coincident with the increase in opioid misuse and addiction in the U.S. over the past decade are rising rates of prescription opioid injection and transmission of infectious diseases such as hepatitis C virus (HCV) and endocarditis.

Following the 2015 HIV outbreak in Scott County, Indiana associated with injection of the prescription opioid oxymorphone, and a decade-long increase in viral hepatitis infection rates, especially in areas of the U.S. with long-standing prescription opioid misuse and addiction, policymakers, public health practitioners, and other stakeholders have become increasingly concerned about prescription opioid injection misuse and related harms.

Syringe Services Programs (SSPs)—evidence-based programs that provide sterile injection equipment and comprehensive infectious disease, substance use, and overdose prevention and treatment services—have been identified as a potential key intervention in response to the opioid crisis and increasing opioid injection. However, there is limited recent research characterizing the population of people injecting prescription opioids and other drugs that can help guide how to best position SSPs to reach and impact this population. Further, the policy environment for SSPs is rapidly evolving, with multiple states enacting laws, regulations, and policies in recent years to enable the establishment of SSPs. Collectively, the research gaps around prescription opioid injection and the changing policy environment for SSPs has created a critical need to better define the characteristics of people who inject prescription opioids, to identify the services and resources needed by this population, and to understand how SSPs are navigating the evolving policy environment in order to maximize their role in response to the opioid crisis.

This dissertation research aims, through the use of mixed methods, to address these knowledge and policy gaps through: 1) systematically reviewing the literature to synthesize what is known about the population of individuals who inject prescription opioids in the U.S.; 2) estimating the magnitude of prescription opioid injection in the United States; 3) examining overall, sociodemographic, and substance use trends and correlates of prescription opioid injection among a nationally representative sample to identify populations at-risk for prescription opioid injection and related harms; and 4) using these quantitative findings to inform a qualitative exploration of SSPs’ responses to the rapidly changing policy environment in the midst of the evolving opioid epidemic and how they can be further leveraged to reduce the harms associated with opioid injection. This dissertation accomplishes these aims through three separate, but related studies. Taken together, the new knowledge produced from this dissertation can be used to inform the development, prioritization, and implementation of policies, programs, and practices that aim to reduce prescription opioid injection and its related harms and expand the role of SSPs in response to the U.S. opioid crisis.

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Fuller, Molly. "Gender Role Prescriptions and Apologies." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1512503273561072.

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Denis, Adeline. "Dans la fabrique des prescriptions de rôles gouvernants. Ethnographie des coulisses du gouvernement municipal de Montreuil-sous-Bois (2008-2014)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ0014.

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Fondée sur une enquête ethnographique menée auprès des dirigeant·e·s de Montreuil-sous-Bois entre 2008 et 2014, la thèse fait plonger dans les coulisses d'un gouvernement municipal, et esquisse une sociologie des prescriptions en acte, qui articule la question classique de « Qui se conforme aux prescriptions plurielles de rôle, et comment ? » à celle de « Qui a le pouvoir de prescrire, et comment, au sein d'un gouvernement ? ». L'alternance municipale montreuilloise en 2008 se caractérise par l'arrivée d'une professionnelle politique nationale, l'écologiste Dominique Voynet, qui cherche à bousculer les arrangements et prescriptions localement dominants. Le fait qu'elle ne se représente pas aux élections municipales de 2014, en dénonçant les pratiques de patronage et de notabilité de son prédécesseur Jean-Pierre Brard, apparenté communiste, interroge sur le poids des attentes qui pèsent sur les élu·e·s dans cet ancien bastion rouge, et les luttes pour (re)définir ce qu'est être un·e « bon·ne » gouvernant·e local·e aujourd'hui.La thèse explore cette énigme de formulations locales et concurrentielles de prescriptions de rôles gouvernants. Or, au-delà des luttes visibles sur les scènes politiques, l'enquête menée en coulisses révèle combien les luttes prescriptives structurent l'activité gouvernante « de l'intérieur » et expliquent la variété des prises de rôle en mairie. La focale ethnographique sur l'entourage mayoral montre que les normes et prescriptions de rôle, sédimentées dans une histoire institutionnelle singulière, sont aussi intermédiées par des auxiliaires, qui interviennent pour déterminer et imposer ce qu'ils·elles jugent être les bonnes normes de conduite en matière de gouvernement. En prenant le travail prescriptif comme piste d'analyse centrale, la thèse souligne le poids de ces auxiliaires prescripteur·rice·s dans la professionnalisation des élu·e·s, et les concurrences qui émergent entre eux·elles autour des prescriptions à faire valoir. Deux principaux modèles prescriptifs s'affrontent : un modèle de gouvernement « à chaud », porté par le cabinet, vs un modèle de gouvernement « à froid », portée par la direction générale. Le suivi au long cours révèle le poids croissant de cette dernière qui, par divers instruments de procédure et de gestion, renforce peu à peu son pouvoir professionnel et prescriptif sur le personnel démocratiquement élu.La thèse tire ainsi tous les bénéfices du croisement entre plusieurs sociologies - la sociologie des institutions et des rôles, la sociologie des entourages et de la professionnalisation politique, la sociologie du travail et des professions, la sociologie du genre - pour passer de l'étude des prescriptions de rôle à celle des prescripteur·rice·s de gouvernement, et pour éclairer le nouveau règne des gouvernant·e·s « à froid » au cœur de la démocratie locale
Based on an ethnographic survey carried out among the leaders of Montreuil-sous-Bois between 2008 and 2014, the thesis takes us behind the scenes of a municipal government, and outlines a new sociology of prescriptions in action, which articulates the classical question of “Who conforms to plural role prescriptions, and how?” to that of “Who has the power to prescribe, and how, within a government? ". The municipal changeover in Montreuil in 2008 was characterized by the arrival of a national political leader, the ecologist Dominique Voynet, who sought to shake up the locally dominant arrangements and prescriptions. The fact that she did not run again in the 2014 municipal elections, denouncing the patronage and notability practices of her predecessor Jean-Pierre Brard, questions the weight of expectations on elected officials in this former communist bastion, and the struggles to (re)define what it means to be a “good” local governor today.The thesis explores this conundrum of local and competitive formulations of governing role prescriptions. Beyond the visible struggles on the political scenes, the investigation carried out behind the scenes reveals how prescriptive competition structures the governing activity “from the inside” and explains the variety of role taking among municipal rulers. The ethnographic focus on the mayoral entourage shows that the norms and role prescriptions, sedimented in a singular institutional history, are also mediated by auxiliaries, who intervene to determine and impose what they judge to be the good standards of conduct and ways of governing. By taking this prescriptive work as a central line of analysis, the thesis underlines the weight of these auxiliary prescribers in the professionalization of elected officials, and the competition that emerges between them around the prescriptions to be upholded. Two main prescriptive models confront each other: a government model “in the heat of the moment”, supported by the cabinet, vs. a government model “with a cool head”, supported by managing directors. The long-term observation reveals the growing weight of the latter which, through various procedural and management instruments, gradually strengthens their professional and prescriptive power over democratically elected staff.The thesis thus draws all the benefits of the crossing between several sociologies - the sociology of institutions and roles, the sociology of entourages and political professionalization, the sociology of work and professions, the sociology of gender - to move from the study of the governing role prescriptions to that of government prescribers, and to illuminate the new reign of “cold” rulers at the heart of local democracy

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Книги з теми "Role prescription"

Lillian, Glickman, ed. The Physician's role in the cost of prescription drugs. Boston, Mass: Gerontology Institute, University of Massachusetts at Boston, 1992.

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Gerrett, David. The role of community pharmacists as advisors on prescription medication. [Derby: University of Derby], 1995.

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Keeling, Arlene Wynbeek. Nursing and the privilege of prescription, 1893-2000. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2007.

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Keeling, Arlene Wynbeek. Nursing and the privilege of prescription, 1893-2000. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2007.

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Bangladesh Public Administration Training Centre., ed. Limiting the role of state: Prescription of the World Bank and the Bangladesh economy. Dhaka: Bangladesh Public Administration Training Center, 1999.

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Rizzo, John A. Generic scrip share and the price of brand-name drugs: The role of consumer choice. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2005.

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Rizzo, John A. Generic scrip share and the price of brand-name drugs: The role of the consumer. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2005.

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1956-, McGrath Robert E., Moore Bret A, and American Psychological Association, eds. Pharmacotherapy for psychologists: Prescribing and collaborative roles. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 2010.

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Singh, Peter. Prescription for change: A Mencap report on the role of GPs and carers in the provision of primary care for people with learning disabilities. London: Mencap, 1997.

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James, Buchan. Implementing nurse prescribing: An updated review of current practice internationally. Geneva, Switzerland: ICN, 2004.

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Sherif, Katherine. "Transdermal Estrogen as Preferred Prescription for Perimenopausal Symptom Relief, and the Role of Progesterone." In Hormone Therapy, 53–56. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6268-2_6.

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Hardon, Anita. "Chemical Highs." In Critical Studies in Risk and Uncertainty, 43–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57081-1_2.

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Abstract Chemical Highs looks at how young people themselves develop and share with their peers a multitude of ways to maximize the pleasures and minimize the risks involved in getting high, an empowering practice that we refer to as “harm reduction from below.” Ethnographies from the Amsterdam festival and afterparty scene illuminate two patterns: young people’s efforts to creatively self-regulate to achieve “hassle-free highs,” and the potentially positive role of government policy. This context is contrasted with that of youth in Indonesia, who also seek out hassle-free highs with their peers, but live under a government that is waging a deadly war against drugs, where they have little access to harm reduction information and tools. Our team discovered that Indonesian youth are turning to psychoactive prescription drugs (PPDs) to get high, which they consider safer than illicit drugs that can lead to the death penalty, but which are also highly addictive.

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Gonzalez, Wenceslao J. "Scientific Side of the Future of the Internet as a Complex System. The Role of Prediction and Prescription of Applied Sciences." In Synthese Library, 103–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-01315-7_6.

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Lunghi, Alessandro. "Spin-Phonon Relaxation in Magnetic Molecules: Theory, Predictions and Insights." In Challenges and Advances in Computational Chemistry and Physics, 219–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-31038-6_6.

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AbstractMagnetic molecules have played a central role in the development of magnetism and coordination chemistry, and their study keeps leading innovation in cutting-edge scientific fields such as magnetic resonance, magnetism, spintronics, and quantum technologies. Crucially, a long spin lifetime well above cryogenic temperature is a stringent requirement for all these applications. In this chapter, we review the foundations of spin relaxation theory and provide a detailed overview of first-principles strategies applied to the problem of spin-phonon relaxation in magnetic molecules. Firstly, we present a rigorous formalism of spin-phonon relaxation based on open-quantum systems theory. These results are then used to derive classical phenomenological relations based on the Debye model. Finally, we provide a prescription of how to map the relaxation formalism onto existing electronic structure methods to obtain a quantitative picture of spin-phonon relaxation. Examples from the literature, including both transition metals and lanthanides compounds, will be discussed in order to illustrate how Direct, Orbach, and Raman relaxation mechanisms can affect spin dynamics for this class of compounds.

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Park, Yujong. "Facework in Patient Requests for Treatment Recommendations in Korean Medical Interactions: The Use of Main Clause Omission." In Exploring Korean Politeness Across Online and Offline Interactions, 223–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50698-7_10.

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AbstractThis studyexamined the involvementof facework in main clause omissions employed by patients when performing requests. The data were drawn from a corpus of videotaped primary care visits collected from Korean medical practitioners. Drawing on previous work on faceworkin politeness research, requests in conversation analytic research, and main clause ellipsis in Korean, the study found that main clause omissions provided a mechanism for patients to minimize any threats to the participants’ face when requesting a prescription for a treatment plan. By employing this practice, patients were able to prove the relevance for a proposed treatment without directly requesting it. By only providing the relevance for a specific type of treatment by omitting the main clause, the patient allowed the doctor to indirectly reject or grant the request. The analysis allowed the notion of facework to be respecified as one emerging from both participants’ joint construction of the sequential unfolding of the interaction. This study supports the view that face is a discursive, interactional, and social accomplishment by examining a linguistic practice employed primarily by patients in Korean medical interactions. The role of epistemic imbalance and asymmetry in this setting is also discussed.

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Settle, Robert B., Pamela L. Alreck, and Michael A. Belch. "A Standardized Measure of Sex Role Prescriptions." In Developments in Marketing Science: Proceedings of the Academy of Marketing Science, 261–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16976-7_65.

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Petrakaki, Dimitra, Tony Cornford, Ralph Hibberd, Valentina Lichtner, and Nick Barber. "The Role of Technology in Shaping the Professional Future of Community Pharmacists: The Case of the Electronic Prescription Service in the English National Health Service." In IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 179–95. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21364-9_12.

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Schiffman, Daniel, Warren Young, and Yaron Zelekha. "Politicization of Policy Prescriptions: Friedman and Israeli Economic Reform, 1977." In The Role of Economic Advisers in Israel's Economic Policy, 81–123. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60682-8_5.

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Schiffman, Daniel, Warren Young, and Yaron Zelekha. "Economic Crisis and Policy Prescriptions: The Kalecki and Mikesell Reports, 1950–1952." In The Role of Economic Advisers in Israel's Economic Policy, 7–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60682-8_2.

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Rönnegard, David. "The Role of the Corporation in Society: The Prescriptive View." In Issues in Business Ethics, 143–208. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9756-6_11.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Role prescription"

Ditya, Tantri Puspa, and Wiku Bakti Bawono Adisasmito. "Role of Electronic Prescription in the Reduction of Prescription Error Rate: A Systematic Review." In The 6th International Conference on Public Health 2019. Masters Program in Public Health, Graduate School, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the6thicph.04.04.

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Noe, Hsu Myat, M. Chinedu, and R. Raju. "Late Breaking Abstract - Role of Discharge VTE Assessment in Correct VTE Prophylaxis Prescription." In ERS International Congress 2021 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2021.pa3309.

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Khudadad, Hanan, and Lukman Thalib. "Antibiotics Prescription Patterns in Primary Health Care in Qatar – A Population based study from 2017 to 2018." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0169.

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Background: Antibiotics are antimicrobial drugs used in the treatment and prevention of bacterial infections. They played a pivotal role in achieving major advances in medicine and surgery (1). Yet, due to increased and inappropriate use of antibiotics, antibiotic resistance (AR) has become a growing public health problem. Information on antibiotic prescription patterns are vital in developing a constructive approach to deal with growing antibiotic resistance (2). The study aims to describe the population based antibiotic prescriptions among patients attending primary care centers in Qatar. Methodology: A population based observational study of all medications prescribed in the all Primary Health Care Centers during the period of 2017-2018 in Qatar. Records with all medication prescriptions were extracted and linked to medical diagnosis. Antibiotics prescriptions records were compared to non- antibiotics records using logistic regression model in identifying the potential predictors for antibiotic prescriptions. Results: A total of 11,069,439 medication prescriptions given over a period of two-years, we found about 12.1% (n= 726,667) antibiotics prescriptions were antibiotics, and 65% of antibiotics are prescribed and received by the patients at the first visits. Paracetamol (22.3%) was the first highest medication prescribed followed by antibiotics (12.1 %) and vitamin D2 (10.2 %). More than half of all antibiotics prescribed during the period of January 2017 to December 2018 were Penicillin (56.9%). We found that half of the antibiotics (49.3 %) have been prescribed for the respiratory system comparing to the other body system. We found that males were 29% more likely be given an antibiotic compared to females (OR=1.29, 95% CI= 1.24- 1.33). Implications: The study provides a baseline data to enable PHCC management to design effective intervention program to address the problem of antibiotics resistance. Furthermore, it will help the policymakers to comprehend the size of the issue and develop a system to manage the antibiotics therapy. Conclusion: Antibiotics was the second highest medication prescribed in the Primary Health Care Centers in Qatar after paracetamol and most of the patients received it at the first visit. Most of the prescriptions in Primary Health Care Centers in Qatar were for the respiratory system, and Penicillin was the highest class prescribed. Male visitors were prescribed antibiotics more than female visitors.

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Kamaluddin, Rachmat, and Wiku Bakti Bawono Adisasmito. "The Role of Electronic Medical Record in Enhancing Rational Antibiotics Prescription: A Systematic Review." In The 6th International Conference on Public Health 2019. Masters Program in Public Health, Graduate School, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the6thicph-fp.04.33.

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Ditya, Tantri Puspa, and Wiku Bakti Bawono Adisasmito. "Role of e-Prescribing in the Reduction of Prescription Error Rate: A Systematic Review." In The 6th International Conference on Public Health 2019. Masters Program in Public Health, Graduate School, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the6thicph-fp.04.38.

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Kamaluddin, Rachmat, and Wiku Bakti Bawono Adisasmita. "The Role of Electronic Medical Record in Enhancing Rational Antibiotics Prescription: A Systematic Review." In The 6th International Conference on Public Health 2019. Masters Program in Public Health, Graduate School, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the6thicph.04.07.

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Saravanan, Pratima, Charity Hipple, Jingxin Wang, Christopher McComb, and Jessica Menold. "Decision-Making in the Prescription of Orthotics and Prosthetics for Partial-Foot Amputees." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97470.

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Abstract Prosthetists face a daunting number of decisions that directly affect an amputee’s ability to walk and indirectly affect the overall quality of life of that amputee. In addition, the lack of resources in low-income countries provides a barrier to receive care after an amputation, and approximately 80% of amputees in low-income countries lack appropriate prosthetic care. In this research, we are motivated to understand what factors affect the decision-making strategies of prosthetists and podiatrists when prescribing prosthetics and orthotics to partial foot amputees. This work establishes a decision-making framework as a step towards automated methods that may reduce the complexities and decision-making burden of prosthetic prescription, ultimately increasing the efficiency of prosthetic prescription in low-resourced areas. A decision-making model is proposed based on an extensive literature review of over 100 papers. The proposed model is compared to qualitative data regarding decision-making strategies during prosthetic or orthotic prescription collected from nine prosthetists, surgeons, and other healthcare professionals directly involved in amputee care. Changes to the proposed model are described and future work exploring the role of automated methods to support decision-making in the context of prosthetics is discussed.

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Sánchez Suárez, MDM, A. Martín Roldan, MR Cantudo Cuenca, MI Archilla Amat, and C. Montero-Vilchez. "4CPS-015 Role of clinical pharmacist in the optimisation of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir prescription in the emergency department." In 27th EAHP Congress, Lisbon, Portugal, 22-23-24 March 2023. British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2023-eahp.62.

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Yoga, Ana Caroline Santana, Taline Canto Tristan, and Jociel Honorato de Jesus. "The risks of self-medication in times of Covid – 19 among university students in a municipality located in the Legal Amazon." In V Seven International Multidisciplinary Congress. Seven Congress, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/sevenvmulti2024-169.

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Self-medication, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), refers to the use of medicines without a prescription, based on the belief that non-prescription medicines are safe if used as directed. However, easy access to medicines without professional guidance increases the risks of irrational use, leading to undesirable effects and health problems. This is exacerbated by the presence of pharmacies in homes and the idea that medicines are solutions to various health problems, amplified by the dissemination of medicine advertisements on social media. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a significant increase in self-medication, influenced by the dissemination of the "covid-kit", a combination of medicines promoted as early treatment, despite the lack of conclusive scientific evidence. Pharmaceutical professionals play a crucial role in raising awareness about the proper use of medicines, providing guidance and ensuring safe dispensing. Promoting Health Education is essential to alert the population about the risks of self-medication and promote the rational use of medicines. This research aims to report the risks of self-medication during COVID-19, especially among university students in the Legal Amazon, with the aim of highlighting the importance of responsible use of medicines.

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Enggarani, Nuria Siswi, and Bita Gadsia Spaltani. "The role of local governments in Karanganyar Regency on managing green open spaces as the green prescription concept enforcement in pandemic era." In 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF BIO-BASED ECONOMY FOR APPLICATION AND UTILITY. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0136928.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Role prescription"

Alpert, Abby, Darius Lakdawalla, and Neeraj Sood. Prescription Drug Advertising and Drug Utilization: The Role of Medicare Part D. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w21714.

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Marusich, Julie, Timothy Lefever, Scott Novak, Bruce Blough, and Jenny Wiley. Prediction and Prevention of Prescription Drug Abuse: Role of Preclinical Assessment of Substance Abuse Liability. Research Triangle Park, NC: RTI Press, July 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2013.op.0014.1307.

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McSpadden, James. Medication Literacy Series: The Role That Pharmacy Networks Play in Accessing and Affording Prescription Drugs. Washington, DC: AARP Public Policy Institute, October 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.26419/ppi.00337.001.

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Alpert, Abby, Sarah Dykstra, and Mireille Jacobson. How Do Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs Reduce Opioid Prescribing? The Role of Hassle Costs versus Information. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w27584.

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Obiakor, Thelma, and Kirsty Newman. Education and Employability: The Critical Role of Foundational Skills. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-ri_2022/048.

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A great deal of policy attention is paid to the role that education plays in driving employment outcomes. Most of this attention has focused on post-primary education— particularly Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET). This paper sets out the less-discussed role that foundational skills, typically built through basic primary education, play in driving employability; how foundational skills affect TVET provision; and what implications this body of evidence has for education policy. We acknowledge the need to consider how education systems build skills which will contribute to countries’ economic aspirations. However, we suggest that the dominant discourse which focuses specifically on TVET and how it can be linked to employer demands is unlikely to be successful for several reasons. Firstly, we show that foundational skills are themselves associated with economic gains for individuals and societies. This, together with the evidence showing extremely low levels of foundational skills in many countries, suggests that focusing on improving foundational skills may be a more cost-effective approach to driving employability than has been previously acknowledged. Furthermore, we show that TVET (and other later forms of education) may struggle to add value where foundational skills are not in place. Focusing large amounts of energy and resources on reforming TVET may not achieve hoped-for impacts if TVET entrants don’t have the necessary foundations to learn. We discuss the popular policy prescription of linking TVET provision to employer needs. As well as noting our concern that this focus fails to acknowledge the binding constraint of low foundational skills, we also set out why employer demand for skills may not be a good indication of actual future skills needs. We therefore suggest a more nuanced discussion on skills for employability which acknowledges economic development goals; the skills that will be needed to achieve them; and, crucially, a country’s starting point. We end the paper by highlighting the fact that unemployment and underemployment are generally caused by a lack of jobs, not a lack of skills. We therefore urge policymakers to be realistic about the extent to which any education policy—whether focusing on foundations, technical, and vocation skills or any other type of skills—can affect employment outcomes. Considering the evidence presented in this paper, we suggest that policymakers in many low- and lower-middle income countries may want to consider a stronger focus on foundational skills. The major reason for focusing on foundational skills is that a quality education is a fundamental right for all children which will allow them to experience lifelong learning. This paper sets out that foundational skills will also be the first step towards achieving a more employable workforce—but also that policymakers should consider the full range of policies that need to be in place to deliver productive employment and economic growth.

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Suleman, Fatima. Do additional services provided by pharmacists reduce healthcare costs or the demand for healthcare? SUPPORT, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.30846/170113.

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The role of pharmacists includes dispensing medication, and the packaging and compounding of prescriptions. But over the last two decades these responsibilities have expanded to include ensuring the proper use of medication as well as identifying, preventing and resolving drug-related problems. Pharmacists also promote health services and provide educational information.

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Soares, Tatiana Fontes, Alexis Smith-Juvelis, Cheryl Gray, and Alejandro Soriano. IDB-9: Financial and Risk Management. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010520.

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This paper analyzes whether the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB, or Bank) has fully and effectively implemented the IDB-9 requirements related to risk and financial management. IDB-9 included four requirements in this area: (i) adopt a rule-based Income Management Model (IMM); (ii) implement the recently introduced risk-based Capital Adequacy Policy; (iii) execute a set of agreed actions to enhance the short-term sustainability of the Fund for Special Operations (FSO); and (iv) continue strengthening the Banks Risk Management Framework. The Bank has fully implemented the IDB-9 financial and risk management actions. The highly detailed and prescriptive nature of the requirements aided implementation. In terms of effectiveness, the IMM imposes financial discipline and enhances financial selfsustainability by linking Bank expenses directly to income through loan charges. The CAP supports prudent risk management and the Banks AAA rating. The actions taken for the FSO will not be sufficient to ensure the Funds sustainability until 2020, as mandated in IDB-9, and Management is preparing to propose additional measures for the Board¿s approval. A few issues with the IMM and CAP merit further review going forward. First, the IMM is very strict, with a high administrative expense coverage rule and its inclusion of nonoperational expenses. Second, it is not clear that the reserve ratios for sovereignguaranteed (SG) and non-sovereign-guaranteed (NSG) exposure adequately reflect their relative levels of risk or lead to the most effective leveraging of scarce Bank capital. Third, the Bank¿s unused borrowing capacity rule¿though perhaps reassuring to potential investors¿is outdated and is not relevant to the maintenance of the Bank¿s AAA rating, while a criterion that rating agencies do consider relevant¿country portfolio concentration¿is not factored into the Bank¿s rules. Finally, the IDB-9 architecture is inward-looking and does not promote a focus on the Bank¿s financial competitiveness. In light of these findings, OVE suggests that the Bank (i) consider introducing greater flexibility in the IMM by setting an administrative coverage band and perhaps excluding certain nonoperational expenses; (ii) review the capital accumulation rule and the reserve ratios for SG and NSG exposures; (iii) update the Bank¿s financial rules by phasing out the borrowing authority limit; and (iv) use the financial and risk management architecture as input to strategic decision-making on the projected size of the Bank, the blend of SG and NSG lending, expected countercyclical support, the role of the FSO, and the Bank¿s approach to future capitalization.

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Gruson-Daniel, Célya, and Maya Anderson-González. Étude exploratoire sur la « recherche sur la recherche » : acteurs et approches. Ministère de l'enseignement supérieur et de la recherche, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52949/24.

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• Introduction Dans le cadre du deuxième Plan National de la Science Ouverte, le Comité pour la science ouverte a souhaité mener une étude pour la préfiguration d’un Lab de la science ouverte (LabSO) afin de mieux comprendre le périmètre de la recherche sur la recherche (research on research) dans un contexte international. • Objectifs de l’étude : L’étude répond ainsi à trois objectifs : 1. repérer des grands courants de recherche sur la recherche (RoR) dans le paysage plus général de la recherche universitaire en Europe et outre-atlantique, en reconnaître les principaux acteurs institutionnels et différencier les approches mobilisées par les uns et les autres ; 2. proposer une méthodologie d’analyse dans une démarche de science ouverte (méthodes mixtes et cartographie numérique) pour faciliter l’appropriation de son contenu ; 3. émettre des recommandations pour faciliter le positionnement du LabSO et s’inspirer d’initiatives existantes. • Méthodologie Une série de treize entretiens et une collecte de données d’une sélection thématique de sites web ont permis de dresser un paysage d’acteurs et d’approches impliqués dans des recherches sur la recherche. Ce dernier s’est nourri d’une démarche de cartographie numérique pour repérer et visualiser les liens existants entre différentes communautés, mouvements, réseaux et initiatives (financeurs, projets, centres de recherche, fournisseurs de données, éditeurs, etc.). • Résultats Le rapport présente différents courants de « recherche sur la recherche » issus des traditions théoriques et méthodologiques de la sociologie, de l’économie, des sciences politiques, de la philosophie, des sciences de l’information et des mesures (biblio/scientométrie). Des courants plus récents sont aussi décrits. Ils s’inscrivent dans un contexte de politiques publiques favorables à la science ouverte et ont émergé dans le champ des sciences sociales computationnelles, des Big Data ou encore des domaines biomédicaux. Si certaines de ces approches s’appuient sur des courants académiques (STS, sciences des mesures) établis depuis de nombreuses décennies, d’autres comme ceux de la « métascience » ou de la « science de la science », se sont structurées plus récemment avec une visée prescriptive et de changement fondé sur des preuves (evidence-based) se basant sur un engagement normatif pour une science plus ouverte, inclusive et diverse. Bien loin d’un paysage statique, l’étude fait ressortir des recherches en mouvement, des débats tout autant que des mises en garde afin que certains courants « ne réinventent pas la roue » en faisant fit d’une longue tradition académique de l’étude des sciences et de la production scientifiques. De nouvelles alliances entre centres de recherche et laboratoires, institutions subventionnaires, décideurs politiques et fournisseurs de données ont été repérées. Elles participent à une dynamique actuelle d’équipement des politiques publiques par des outils d’évaluation et des protocoles de recherche pour guider les actions menées, on parle d’évidence-based policies. Un des exemples les plus récents étant laa seconde feuille de route du RoRI1 poussant notamment à la formation d’un réseau international d’instituts de recherche sur la recherche, fondé sur le partage et la mutualisation de données, de méthodes et d’outils. Outre la présentation de ces différents acteurs et courants, le rapport pointe le rôle joué par les infrastructures et les fournisseurs de données scientifiques (publications, données, métadonnées, citations, etc.) dans la structuration de ce paysage et les équilibres à trouver. • Recommandations 1. Accompagner la construction d’indicateurs et de métriques par le biais d’un regard critique et de discussions collectives pour mesurer leurs impacts sur les comportements des professionnels de la recherche (mésusages, gaming). 2. Porter attention aux étapes de diffusion des résultats scientifiques issus des « recherches sur la recherche » pour les adapter aux différents publics ciblés (chercheurs, responsables des politiques publiques de recherche, journalistes, etc.). 3. Articuler les travaux de « recherche sur la recherche » avec une démarche de science ouverte en questionnant notamment les choix faits concernant les fournisseurs de données, les infrastructures et outils d’évaluation, de découvrabilité et d’analyse de la production scientifique (gouvernance, utilisation des données, etc.). 4. Soutenir les approches thématiques et transversales plutôt que disciplinaire de manière collaborative entre les différents membres du Lab de la science ouverte et aider le dialogue entre les différentes approches et mouvements (STS, research on research, science of science, scientométrie, etc.)

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