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Статті в журналах з теми "Robot defence"
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Hendrianto-Pratomo, Awang, Anton Satria Prabuwono, Siti Norul Huda Sheikh Abdullah, Mohammad Faidzul Nasrudin, Muhamad Syafiq Shohaimi, and Teddy Mantoro. "Adaptive Robot Soccer Defence Strategy via Behavioural Trail." Journal of Information Technology Research 5, no. 3 (July 2012): 25–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jitr.2012070102.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Robot soccer is a challenging platform for multi-agent research, involving topics such as real-time image processing and control. A team of robots must work together to put the ball in the opponent’s goal while at the same time defending their own goal. A good strategy for the robot defenders can determine who wins the robotic soccer game. Therefore, the goal of this study is to propose a strategy for the defenders using a production rule based on state diagrams. The rule can facilitate easy and rapid comprehension of certain behaviors with respect to two indicators, such as condition and action. The authors determine five key aspects as conditions, including the positions of two defender robots, the position of the goalkeeper and the ball, and coordination between two defender robots and the goalkeeper robot. Each robot has been set its own defence area and specific actions. They conducted three experiments namely simulator testing, real time testing, and ping pong testing to evaluate their proposed defence strategy. The experimental results show that the authors’ proposed strategy versus three state of the art strategies can defeat up to 92% of all types of attack modes. Meanwhile, in the ping pong testing, their proposed strategy can still protect any goal entering from different attacking modes even though only one or two robots are active in the defence area.
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Liu, Guoli, and Yadong Liang. "Research on attack and defence control of martial arts arena robot based on kinodynamics." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 17, no. 2 (March 1, 2020): 172988142091032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1729881420910322.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the research of intelligent mobile robot, autonomous mobility is a very key problem. It is very important to accurately and quickly respond to the surrounding environment, avoid obstacles in the process of moving in real time and move to the destination without interruption. Most of the existing path planning and obstacle avoidance algorithms do not consider the kinematic and geometric constraints of the robot parameters, there will be physical feasibility and versatility problems in the actual robot application; the existing martial arts challenge arena robot attack and defence control strategy, mainly rely on experience and try, accuracy and flexibility and other aspects are inadequate. In view of this, this article proposes a dynamic model based on virtual force, and applies it to the martial arts challenge arena robot, develops a set of attack and defence control strategy of martial arts challenge arena robot, completes the simulation experiment and the actual robot experiment, analyse the experimental results, and puts forward the improvement scheme. The experimental results show that the motion model proposed in this article can help the robot to complete the obstacle avoidance planning task, and the attack and defence control model based on the motion modelling can effectively improve the obstacle avoidance efficiency and attack and defence intensity of the martial arts challenge arena robot, and enhance the competitiveness of its confrontation.
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Yellamma, Pachipala, Ch Madhav Bharadwaj, K. R. Krishna Sai, and Challa Narasimham. "Implementing Robots in Defence Through Motion Capture with Mixed Reality." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.32 (May 31, 2018): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.32.15382.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Our soldiers are fighting for us, risking their lives and people working in mines spoiling their health. In this paper we will see how we will implement the technology of mixed reality and motion capture will give solutions for replacing humans with robots. We can save a lot of lot of human lives and it will be more cost efficient. As on today we are implementing motion capture in analyzing the responses of military soldiers to test their capabilities and doing animations in movies. So let us extend the existing features to implement a remote robot control system that allows us to replace humans with robots.
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Bogue, Robert. "Snake robots." Industrial Robot: An International Journal 41, no. 3 (May 13, 2014): 253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-02-2014-0309.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose – This paper aims to provide details of recent snake robot research, products and applications. Design/methodology/approach – Following a short introduction to snake robots, this paper considers a selection of key research activities and then describes a number of commercial products. Examples of applications are then provided and are followed by brief conclusions. Findings – In contrast to many other classes of robots, snake robots are being studied by only a relatively small number of academic groups. Despite their unique abilities, commercialisation has so far been very limited. Real and potential applications exist in fields that include the nuclear power sector, security and defence, aerospace, oil and gas, civil engineering and urban search and rescue. Originality/value – This paper reviews the preset-day status of snake robot research and provides details of commercial products and their applications.
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He, Hua, Zhiming Zhu, and Jie Zhang. "An immune system-based defence system of robot network security." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1873, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 012082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1873/1/012082.
Повний текст джерела
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Boxerbaum, Alexander S., Matthew A. Klein, Jeffery E. Kline, Stuart C. Burgess, Roger D. Quinn, Richard Harkins, and Ravi Vaidyanathan. "Design, Simulation, Fabrication and Testing of a Bio-Inspired Amphibious Robot with Multiple Modes of Mobility." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 24, no. 4 (August 20, 2012): 629–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2012.p0629.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Surf-zone environments represent an extreme challenges to robot operation. A robot that autonomously navigates rocky terrain, constantly changing underwater currents, hard-packed moist sand and loose dry sand characterizing this environment, would have significant utility in a range of defence and civilian missions. The study of animal locomotion mechanisms can elucidate specific movement principles that can be applied to address these demands. In this work, we report on the design and optimization of a biologically inspired amphibious robot for deployment and operation in an ocean beach environment. We specifically report a new design fusing a range of insectinspired passive mechanisms with active autonomous control architectures to seamlessly adapt to and traverse a range of challenging substrates both in and out of the water, and the design and construction of SeaDog, a proof-of-concept amphibious robot built for navigating rocky or sandy beaches and turbulent surf zones. The robot incorporates a layered hull and chassis design that is integrated into a waterproof Explorer Case in order to provide a large, protected payload in an easy-to-carry package. It employs a rugged drivetrain with four wheel-legs and a unique tail design and actuation strategy to aid in climbing, swimming and stabilization. Several modes of terrestrial and aquatic locomotion are suggested and tested versus range of mobility metrics, including data obtained in simulation and hardware testing. A waterproofing strategy is also tested and discussed, providing a foundation for future generations of amphibious mobile robots.
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Mohanty, Sudeshna, Subhrasmita Mahapatra, Sanat Ku Panda, Plavan Ku Rath, Manoj Ku Sarangi, and Olga I. Bylya. "Development and Optimization of Perimeter Traversing Robot." Applied Mechanics and Materials 186 (June 2012): 280–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.186.280.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper presents the development and optimization of control parameters of an autonomous robot capable of traversing a planar surface without going beyond the surface boundary. Based on standard Lego® design, the proposed robot travels on surfaces with different geometrical shapes and collects data on the basis of which the perimeter can be redrawn using MATLAB. The remote detection capabilities of this robot can find its application in construction, defence surveillance operations, geological and space research and industry as an automated process of measurement, especially when the surface being measured is beyond human reach. The robot detects the edge using a color sensor which differentiates the color of the surface from its boundary. After detecting an edge point, the robot retracts and turns to detect an edge point in another direction. The length of the paths traversed by the robot from one edge point to another serves as the input data to the MATLAB program which computes this data and transforms it to a plot of the perimeter. Experiments conducted demonstrate the optimal values of parameters for control of motion of the robot to give satisfactory results with minimal power and time expenditure.
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Alvarez, Gabriela, and Omar Flor. "Desempeño en métodos de navegación autónoma para robots móviles." Minerva 1, no. 2 (August 8, 2020): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47460/minerva.v1i2.8.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
En este trabajo se presenta una comparación de los tiempos de respuesta, optimización de la ruta y complejidad del grafo en métodos de planificación de trayectoria para robots móviles autónomos. Se contrastan los desarrollos de Voronoi, Campos potenciales, Roadmap probabilístico y Descomposición en celdas para la navegación en un mismo entorno y validándolos para un número variable de obstáculos. Las evaluaciones demuestran que el método de generación de trayectoria por Campos Potenciales, mejora la navegación respecto de la menor ruta obtenida, el método Rapidly Random Tree genera los grafos de menor complejidad y el método Descomposición en celdas, se desempeña con menor tiempo de respuesta y menor coste computacional. Palabras Clave: optimización, trayectoria, métodos de planificación, robots móviles. Referencias [1]H. Ajeil, K. Ibraheem, A. Sahib y J. Humaidi, “Multi-objective path planning of an autonomous mobile robot using hybrid PSO-MFB optimization algorithm, ” Applied Soft Computing, vol. 89, April 2020. [2]K.Patle, G. Babu, A. Pandey, D.R.K. Parhi y A. Jagadeesh, “A review: On path planning strategies for navigation of mobile robot,” Defence Technology, vol. 15, pp. 582-606, August 2019. [3]T. Mack, C. Copot, D. Trung y R. De Keyser, “Heuristic approaches in robot path planning: A survey,” Robotics and Autonomous Systems, vol. 86, pp. 13-28, December 2016. [4]L. Zhang, Z. Lin, J. Wang y B. He, “Rapidly-exploring Random Trees multi-robot map exploration under optimization framework,” Robotics and Autonomous Systems, vol. 131, 2020. [5]S. Khan y M. K. Ahmmed, "Where am I? Autonomous navigation system of a mobile robot in an unknown environment," 2016 5th International Conference on Informatics, Electronics and Vision (ICIEV), pp. 56-61, December 2016. [6]V. Castro, J. P. Neira, C. L. Rueda, J. C. Villamizar y L. Angel, "Autonomous Navigation Strategies for Mobile Robots using a Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN)," IECON 2007 - 33rd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, pp. 2795-2800, Taipei, 2007. [7]Y. Li, W. Wei, Y. Gao, D. Wang y C. Fan, “PQ-RRT*: An improved path planning algorithm for mobile robots,” Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 152, August 2020. [8]A. Muñoz, “Generación global de trayectorias para robots móviles, basada en curvas betaspline,” Dep. Ingeniería de Sistemas y Automática Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Universidad de Sevilla, 2014. [9]H. Montiel, E. Jacinto y H. Martínez, “Generación de Ruta Óptima para Robots Móviles a Partir de Segmentación de Imágenes,” Información Tecnológica, vol. 26, 2015. [10] C. Expósito, “Los diagramas de Vornooi, la forma matemática de dividir el mundo,” Dialnet, Diciembre 2016.
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Schmiljun, André. "Why Can´t We Regard Robots As People?" ETHICS IN PROGRESS 9, no. 1 (December 5, 2018): 44–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/eip.2018.1.3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With the development of autonomous robots, one day probably capable of speaking, thinking and learning, self-reflecting, sharing emotions, in fact, with the raise of robots becoming artificial moral agents (AMAs) robot scientists like Abney, Veruggio and Petersen are already optimistic that sooner or later we need to call those robots “people” or rather “Artificial People” (AP). The paper rejects this forecast, due to its argument based on three metaphysical conflicting assumptions. Firstly, it is the idea that it is possible to precisely define persons and apply the definition to robots or use it to differentiate human beings from robots. Further, the argument of APs favors a position of non-reductive physicalism (second assumption) and materialism (third assumption), finally producing weird convictions about future robotics. Therefore, I will suggest to follow Christine Korsgaard’s defence of animals as ends in themselves with moral standing. I will show that her argument can be transmitted to robots, too, at least to robots which are capable of pursuing their own good (even if they are not rational). Korsgaard’s interpretation of Kant delivers an option that allows us to leave out complicated metaphysical notions like “person” or “subject” in the debate, without denying robots’ status as agents.
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Bogue, Robert. "Underwater robots: a review of technologies and applications." Industrial Robot: An International Journal 42, no. 3 (May 18, 2015): 186–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-01-2015-0010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose This paper aims to provide details of underwater robot technology and its applications. Design/methodology/approach Following an introduction, this article first discusses remotely operated vehicle (ROV) technology and applications and then considers their use in the emerging field of deep-sea mining. It then discusses autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) technology and its applications, including sub-sea gliders. Finally, brief concluding comments are drawn. Findings ROVs were first developed in the 1950s for military applications. They are now widely used by the offshore oil and gas sector and other industries and are being developed for deep-sea mining. AUV technology has progressed rapidly in recent years and AUVs, including sub-sea gliders, are now emerging from their original role in oceanographic research and finding growing uses in the defence and offshore energy sectors. Originality/value This provides a detailed insight into underwater robot technologies, products and applications.
Дисертації з теми "Robot defence"
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Петрухно, Ігор Русланович. "Data Mining та машинні техніки навчання для виявлення вторгнення в кібербезпеку робототехнічних та автономних систем". Master's thesis, Київ, 2018. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/26428.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
У роботі розглянуто проблему в області кібербезпеки повязану з методами аналізу великих масивів даних для робототехнічних систем. Об’єктом даної роботи є дослідницька система на базі методології паралельних обчислень використовуючи інструменти Hadoop.
Предметом виступають методи та процеси Data Mining і машинних технік навчання для виявлення вторгнення в кібербезпеку робототехнічних і автономних систем.
В поданої роботі, розглянуто основні особливості існуючої системи (SIEM). які дозволяє оброблювати великі масиви даних, її переваги та недоліки, Здійснений аналіз тактик по побудові Security Analitics System, які впливають на точність, надійність, продуктивність, масштабованість проектуємих IDS систем.
Реалізована дослідницька система на базі методології паралельних обчислень використовуючи інструменти Hadoop, що забезпечує ефективне функціонування в умовах атак.
Дана система може бути використана в діяльності конкретної установи, а також може бути використаний і іншими установами для вдосконалення паралельних обчислень використовуючи інструменти Hadoop, також дана концепція викладу даного дослідження може бути використана в якості методичного посібника при розробці системи виявлення вторгнення в кібербезпеку робототехнічних і автономних систем.
Дозволяє збільшити швидкість обробки даних та зменшити час аналізу данних використовуючи парадигму MapReduce.
Розмір пояснювальної записки – 111 аркушів, містить 31 ілюстрацій, 26 таблиць, 5 додатків.The paper deals with the problem of cybersecurity associated with methods of analysis of large data sets for robotic systems. The object of this work is a research system based on the methodology of parallel computing using Hadoop tools. The subject is the methods and processes of Data Mining and machine learning techniques to detect the invasion of the cybersecurity of robotic and autonomous systems. In the given work, the main features of the existing system (SIEM) are considered. which allows processing large volumes of data, its advantages and disadvantages, Analysis of the tactics for constructing the Security Analitics System, which affect the accuracy, reliability, performance, scalability of project IDS systems. A research system implemented on the basis of parallel computing methodology using the Hadoop tools, which provides effective operation under attack conditions. This system can be used in the activities of a particular institution, and can also be used by other institutions to improve parallel computing using Hadoop tools, this concept can also be used as a methodological guide for the development of a system for detecting cybersecurity robotic and autonomous systems . Allows you to increase the speed of data processing and reduce the time of data analysis using the MapReduce paradigm. The size of the explanatory note is 111 sheets, contains 31 illustrations, 26 tables, 5 appendices.
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Kashyap, Anurag. "Ralstonia solanacearum-triggered defense responses at the tomato root xylem vasculature: Insights on the suberin pathway." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672532.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ralstonia solanacearum és un dels patògens bacterians de plantes més devastadors del món. Aquest bacteri és l’agent causant del marciment bacterià en més de 450 espècies de plantes i causa una devastació severa en cultius de solanàcies com la tomaquera. R. solanacearum accedeix a sistema radicular a través de ferides i llocs d’emergència d’arrels laterals i després es desplaça fins a la vasculatura radicular, on es multiplica al xilema i després es dissemina verticalment a través del xilema i horitzontalment entre els vasos i els teixits circumdants. Fins ara, l’estratègia de maneig més fiable per controlar R. solanacearum ha estat l’ús de resistència genètica. En tomàquet, entre les millors fonts de resistència es troba el conrear resistent Hawaii 7996 (H7996), que s’usa comunament com a patró en el cultiu comercial de tomàquet. Aquesta varietat resistent ha desenvolupat mecanismes de defensa efectius per prevenir la colonització de vasos o el moviment entre vasos un cop que ha passat la colonització vascular.
Publicacions recents mostren que el cilindre vascular del xilema de l’arrel actua com a teixit predominant per muntar una resposta de defensa eficaç contra els invasors vasculars, restringint l’avanç del patogen cap al teixit aeri. No obstant això, els mecanismes que regulen aquesta forma de resistència segueixen sent desconeguts en gran manera. Desentranyar els mecanismes a través dels quals les plantes bloquegen o alenteixen la progressió de patògens en la vasculatura del xilema de l’arrel pot ser vital en el desenvolupament de varietats resistents mitjançant intervencions biotecnològiques. Per tant, en aquesta tesi intentem aprofundir en les respostes de defensa que actuen en la vasculatura del xilema de l’arrel que restringeixen efectivament la colonització pel patogen bacterià vascular R. solanacerum en tomàquet.
Els estudis histopatològics comparatius en línies de tomàquet resistents i susceptibles indiquen que un reforç vascular compost de ferulats, que culmina en la formació d’una zona ferulo-suberínica que pot actuar com una forta barrera fisico-química contra la invasió de R. solanacearum (Capítol 1). Aquesta barrera fenòlic-alifàtica reforça les parets del teixit vascular del xilema en H7996 i pot restringir el moviment del bacteri des de l’interior del vas del xilema cap al xilema circumdant, cèl·lules de l’parènquima, vasos propers i espais intercel·lulars. Els canvis de composició en les parets es van estudiar mitjançant espectroscòpia, la qual cosa va mostrar una intensa acumulació de metabòlits compatibles amb la suberina específicament en les arrels de H7996 resistent, després de la infecció de R. solanacearum (Capítol 2). Es van observar diferències en l’estat de polimerització de la lignina en les arrels després de la infecció entre tomàquet resistent i susceptible. L’H7996 contenia una major proporció de lignina de tipus G, que és més resistent a la degradació, mentre que Marmande susceptible contenia més lignina de tipus S, que és més propensa a degradar-se. L’expressió de gens de la via biosintètica d’àcids grassos de la suberina es va incrementar significativament en el teixit vascular de l’xilema de l’arrel primària de les plantes infectades amb H7996 en comparació amb els controls o el tomàquet susceptible (Capítol 3). Això indica que la regulació positiva d’aquests gens és una resposta específica de plantes H7996 resistents que té lloc a la vasculatura suberizada després de la infecció per R. solanacearum. A més, es va observar inducció de ProSlFHT::GUS en la vasculatura del xilema de l’arrel principal de les plantes H7996 infectades, així com en teixits que se sap que dipositen suberina com ara epidermis, exodermis i teixits que experimenten cicatrització de ferides.Ralstonia solanacearum es uno de los patógenos bacterianos de plantas más devastadores del mundo. Esta bacteria del suelo es el agente causante de la marchitez bacteriana en más de 450 especies de plantas y causa una devastación severa en cultivos de solanáceas como el tomate. R. solanacearum accede al sistema radicular a través de heridas y sitios de emergencia de raíces laterales y luego se desplaza hasta la vasculatura radicular, donde se multiplica en el xilema y luego se disemina verticalmente a través del xilema y horizontalmente entre los vasos y los tejidos circundantes. Hasta la fecha, la estrategia de manejo más fiable para controlar R. solanacearum ha sido el uso de resistencia genética. En tomate, entre las mejores fuentes de resistencia se encuentra el cultivar resistente Hawaii 7996 (H7996), que se usa comúnmente como patrón en el cultivo comercial de tomate. Este cultivar resistente ha desarrollado mecanismos de defensa efectivos para prevenir la colonización de vasos o el movimiento entre vasos una vez que ha ocurrido la colonización vascular. Publicaciones recientes muestran que el cilindro vascular del xilema de la raíz actúa como tejido predominante para montar una respuesta de defensa eficaz contra los invasores vasculares, lo que restringe el avance del patógeno hacia el tejido aéreo. Sin embargo, los mecanismos que regulan esta forma de resistencia siguen siendo desconocidos en gran manera. Desentrañar los mecanismos a través de los cuales las plantas bloquean o ralentizan la progresión de patógenos en la vasculatura del xilema de la raíz puede ser vital en el desarrollo de cultivares resistentes mediante intervenciones biotecnológicas. Por lo tanto, en esta tesis intentamos arrojar luz sobre las respuestas de defensa que actúan en la vasculatura del xilema de la raíz que restringen efectivamente la colonización por el patógeno bacteriano vascular R. solanacerum en tomate. Los estudios histopatológicos comparativos en líneas de tomate resistentes y susceptibles indican que un refuerzo vascular compuesto de ferulatos, que culmina en la formación de una zona ferulo-suberínica, puede actuar como una fuerte barrera físico-química contra la invasión de R. solanacearum (Capítulo 1). Esta barrera fenólico-alifática refuerza las paredes del tejido vascular del xilema en H7996 y puede restringir el movimiento de la bacteria desde la luz del vaso del xilema hacia el xilema circundante, células del parénquima, vasos cercanos y espacios intercelulares. Los cambios de composición en las paredes se estudiaron mediante espectroscopia, lo cual mostró una intensa acumulación de metabolitos compatibles con la suberina específicamente en las raíces de H7996 resistente, tras la infección de R. solanacearum (Capítulo 2). Se observaron diferencias en el estado de polimerización de la lignina en las raíces después de la infección entre tomate resistente y susceptible. El H7996 contenía una mayor proporción de lignina de tipo G, que es más resistente a la degradación, mientras que Marmande susceptible contenía más lignina de tipo S, que es más propensa a degradarse. La expresión de genes de la vía biosintética de ácidos grasos de la suberina se incrementó significativamente en el tejido vascular del xilema de la raíz primaria de las plantas infectadas con H7996 en comparación con los controles o el tomate susceptible (Capítulo 3). Esto indica que la regulación positiva de estos genes es una respuesta específica de plantas H7996 resistentes que tiene lugar en la vasculatura suberizada tras la infección por R. solanacearum. Además, se observó inducción de ProSlFHT::GUS en la vasculatura del xilema de la raíz principal de las plantas H7996 infectadas, así como en tejidos que se sabe que depositan suberina tales como epidermis, exodermis y tejidos que experimentan cicatrización de heridas.
Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the world's most devastating bacterial pathogens of plants. This soil-borne bacterium is the causative agent of bacterial wilt on more than 450 plant species, and it causes severe devastation on Solanaceous crops like tomato. R. solanacearum gains access to the root system through wounds and lateral root emerging sites and then moves to the root vasculature, where it multiplies in the xylem and later spreads vertically within the xylem sap and horizontally between vessels and to the surrounding tissues. To date, the most reliable management strategy to control R. solanacearum has been the use of genetic resistance. In tomato, among the best resistance sources is the resistant cultivar Hawaii 7996 (H7996), which is commonly used as a rootstock in commercial tomato cultivation. This resistant cultivar has evolved effective defense mechanisms to prevent vessel colonization or movement between vessels once vascular colonization has occurred. Recent reports show that the root xylem vascular cylinder acts as a predominant tissue for mounting an efficient defense response against vascular invaders, restricting onward movement of the pathogen to the aerial tissue. However, the mechanisms regulating this form of resistance remain elusive. Unravelling the mechanisms through which the plants block or slow down pathogen progression at the root xylem vasculature can be vital in the development of resistant cultivars by biotechnological interventions. Hence, in this thesis we attempted to shed light on the defense responses acting at the root xylem vasculature that effectively restrict colonization by the vascular bacterial pathogen R. solanacerum in tomato. Comparative histopathological studies in resistant and susceptible tomato lines indicated that a ferulate vascular reinforcement, culminating into a ferulo-suberin zone, may act as a strong physico-chemical barrier against R. solanacearum invasion (Chapter 1). This phenolic- aliphatic barrier reinforces the walls of xylem vascular tissue in H7996 and may restrict movement of the bacterium from the xylem vessel lumen to the surrounding xylem parenchyma cells and nearby vessels and inter-cellular spaces. Compositional changes in walls were studied using spectroscopy, which showed strong accumulation of suberin- compatible metabolites specifically in roots of resistant H7996, upon infection of R. solanacearum (Chapter 2). Differences in the polymerization state of lignin in roots were observed after infection between resistant and susceptible tomato. H7996 contained a higher proportion of G-type lignin, which is more resistant to degradation, whereas susceptible Marmande contained more S-type lignin, which is more prone to degradation. Expression of genes from the suberin fatty acid biosynthetic pathway was significantly upregulated in the taproot xylem vascular tissue of H7996 infected plants compared to the mock controls or susceptible tomato (Chapter 3). This indicates that upregulation of these genes is a specific response of resistant H7996 plants that takes place in suberizing vasculature upon R. solanacearum infection. Further, induction of ProSlFHT::GUS was observed in taproot xylem vasculature of infected H7996 plants, as well as in tissues known to deposit suberin such as epidermis, exodermis and tissues undergoing wound healing. Implications of overexpressing genes from pathway of suberin and the associated soluble phenolics synthesis, were evaluated in susceptible tomato background. Overexpression of suberin feruloyl transferase (FHT), which catalyzes the formation feruloyl esters showed limited restriction against R. solanacearum. In contrast, overexpression of tyramine N-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (THT 1-3), responsible for synthesis of hydroxycinnamic acid amides (HCAA) such as feruloyl tyramine resulted in an increase of resistance against R. solanacearum with disease progressing remarkably slower in this line compared to wild type plants. Accumulation of such aminated phenolics may act as a chemical barrier acting as phytoalexin but could also act as physical barrier if cross-linked to the poly-aromatic domain of suberin.
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Biologia i Biotecnologia Vegetal
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Vaughan, Martha Marie. "Molecular and Functional Characterization of Terpene Chemical Defense in Arabidopsis Roots in Interaction with the Herbivore Bradysia spp. (fungus gnat)." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77974.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Roots and leaves are integrated structural elements that together sustain plant growth and development. Insect herbivores pose a constant threat to both above- and belowground plant tissues. To ward off herbivorous insects, plants have developed different strategies such as direct and indirect chemical defense mechanisms. Research has primarily focused on visible aboveground interactions between plants and herbivores. Root-feeding insects, although often overlooked, play a major role in inducing physical and physiological changes in plants. However, little is known about how plants deploy chemical defense against root herbivores.
We have developed an Arabidopsis aeroponic culture system based on clay granulate, which provides access to root tissue and accommodates subterranean insect herbivores. Using this system, feeding performance and plant tissue damage by the root herbivore Bradysia (fungus gnat) were evaluated. Larval feeding was found to reduce Arabidopsis root biomass and water uptake.
Furthermore, we have characterized a root-specific terpene synthase AtTPS08, which is responsible for the constitutive formation of the novel volatile diterpene compound, rhizathalene, in Arabidopsis roots. Rhizathalene synthase is a class I diterpene synthase that has high affinity for the substrate geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) and is targeted to the root leucoplast. Expression of the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene fused to the upstream genomic region of AtTPS08 demonstrated constitutive promoter activity in the root vascular tissue and root tips. Using the established bioassay with Arabidopsis and Bradysia larvae, in aeroponic culture we could show that roots deficient in rhizathalene synthesis were more susceptible to herbivory. Our work provides in vivo-evidence that diterpene compounds are involved in belowground direct defense against root-feeding insects.
Future work is still required to improve our understanding of plant root defense. This study has provided a basis for future investigations on the biochemistry, molecular regulation and defensive function of Arabidopsis root chemicals in interaction with both above- and belowground herbivores (and pathogens).Ph. D.
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Zhang, Jingyu. "Cell-type specificity and herbivore-induced responses of primary and terpene secondary metabolism in Arabidopsis roots." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23742.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Plants employ diverse defense mechanisms to combat attack by harmful organisms. For instance, plants produce constitutive physical barriers or use chemical compounds such as specialized secondary metabolites to resist herbivore or pathogen invasion. Considering the cost-efficiency and energy balance between defense, growth and reproduction, defense reactions in plants have to be regulated temporally and spatially. As more cost-efficient strategies, plants may induce their defense response only in the presence of the attacker or restrict constitutive defenses to specific tissues or cells.
In this study, we investigated aspects of the spatial regulation and induced changes of primary and secondary metabolism in roots of Arabidopsis thaliana. Roots represent important organs for anchoring plants in the soil and taking up water and nutrients. Hence, it is assumed that roots are as well protected as aerial tissues by different defense mechanisms. The first part of this work is focused on the cell-type-specific biosynthesis of volatile terpenes in Arabidopsis roots. Terpenes are the most abundant specialized metabolites in plants and play an important role in plant defense against pathogens or herbivores. Terpene biosynthetic enzyme activities are often coordinated in specific tissues and cellular compartments. Fine-scale transcriptome maps of Arabidopsis roots have shown that terpene biosynthesis is restricted to particular cell types. However, the reasons and significance of this cell-type specificity are not well understood. We hypothesized that the formation of terpene metabolites is not restricted to specific cells but can be supported by different cell types. We, therefore, probed the plasticity of the cell-specific formation of terpenes by swapping the expression of the terpene synthase (TPS) genes, TPS08, TPS13 and TPS25, between different root cell types in the respective mutant background. To investigate the ectopic expression of TPSs at different levels, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), confocal microscopy, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were performed. We found that terpene synthase TPS08, which produces the diterpene rhizathalene and is normally expressed in the root vascular tissue, is functionally active when expressed in the epidermis or cortex, although at substantially lower levels compared to the wild type. We did not find an obvious correlation between the volatile emission level and gene transcript level of TPS08, which may be attributed to a reduced activity of the expressed TPS08-yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) fusion protein. When expression of TPS13 (producing the sesquiterpene (Z)-"-bisabolene) was directed from the cortex to the epidermis or stele, TPS13 gene expression and (Z)-"-bisabolene formation was supported by these cell types although to varying levels in comparison to wild type. TPS13-YFP fluorescent signal driven by the epidermal WER and GL3 promoters was primarily detected at the root tip. Terpene production was also observed for the (E)-"-farnesene sesquiterpene synthase TPS25 when its expression was switched from the endodermis and non-hair producing epidermal cells to hair producing epidermal cells although only a weak fluorescent signal was detected from the expressed TPS25-mGFP protein. Together, the results provide preliminary evidence for a relaxed cell specificity of terpene biosynthesis in Arabidopsis roots and suggest that tissue-specific terpene metabolite patterns could change depending on different selective pressures in rhizosphere.
In the second part of this study, we performed global gene transcript profiling and primary metabolite analysis of Arabidopsis roots upon feeding by the generalist root herbivore, Bradysia (fungus gnat). In a microarray analysis, we identified 451 of 22,810 genes that were up-regulated more than 2-fold. Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that 26% of those genes with predicted or known functions play a role in primary or secondary metabolism, while 24% are involved in cell signaling or in responses to stimulating factors, such as jasmonic acid (JA), ethylene, wounding, and oxidative stress. At the metabolite level, we observed only marginal changes of amino acid, sugar and carboxylic acid relative levels over a time course of 4 days of Bradysia feeding. There was a trend for increased levels of amino acids and the relative levels of sucrose were increased significantly ("=0.05) at the fourth day of feeding. In conclusion, the study provided evidence for the induction of genes related to primary and secondary metabolism and stress responses in Arabidopsis roots, but showed only marginal changes at the primary metabolite level. In addition, the work indicated that the formation of terpene-specialized metabolites in Arabidopsis roots is not restricted to specific cells, but can be supported by different cell types.Master of Science
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Bonnín, Pascual Francisco. "Contributions to Robot-based Vessel Visual Inspection." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/543844.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
[cat]El transport marítim és una de les maneres més efectives de transportar béns d’un lloc a l’altre
del món. Encara que avui dia es realitzen grans esforços per tal d’evitar els accidents
marítims, aquests encara ocorren i, de tant en tant, tenen conseqüències catastròfiques en
termes ambientals, humans i/o econòmics. Els problemes estructurals causats per esquerdes
i/o corrosió són la causa principal d’aquests accidents i, per això, els vaixells són sotmesos a
ins-peccions periòdiques amb l’objectiu de garantir la seva integritat estructural. Per dur a
terme una inspecció, els vaixells són buidats i portats a una drassana on s’instal·len bastides
que permeten als inspectors arribar a les zones més altes de la seva estructura. Aquestes
inspeccions es realitzen sovint en compartiments perillosos o de difícil accés. En termes
econòmics, el procés pot suposar un desemborsament de fins a un milió de dòlars. Per tot
això, qualsevol contribució que suposi una reducció en el temps/cost de la inspecció, o un
increment en la seguretat dels operaris, està justificada. En aquesta tesi es proposen noves
eines tecnològiques que pretenen contribuir al redisseny dels processos d’inspecció visual de
vaixells. D’una banda, es proposa una nova plataforma robòtica aèria que permet a l’operari
realitzar la ins-pecció del vaixell des d’una posició segura i còmoda. Aquesta plataforma
consisteix en un dispositiu de fàcil ús que ha estat desenvolupat seguint el paradigma de
l’Autonomia Supervisada, de tal manera que el vehicle s’encarrega de totes les tasques
referents a la seguretat, mentre que l’operari proporciona les consignes de desplaçament i pot
centrarse en el procés d’inspecció. D’altra banda, es proposen diversos algorismes basats en
visió per a la detecció de defectes en l’estructura del vaixell. En primer lloc, es proposen
diversos mètodes per a la detecció de corrosió, basats en la combinació de diferents
descriptors de color i de textura. En segon lloc, es proposa un algorisme per a la detecció
d’esquerdes que combina l’extracció de contorns amb un procés de creixement de regions.
Finalment, s’avalua el concepte de notorietat per a la detecció de defectes genèrics, i per a la
millora del rendiment dels detectors de corrosió i d’esquerdes. La plataforma robòtica i els detectors de defectes proposats han estat avaluats tant en laboratori com durant proves de
camp realitzades a bord d’un vaixell real. Els resultats obtinguts permeten confirmar la utilitat i
el bon rendiment de les diferents eines tecnològiques propostes.[spa]El transporte marítimo es una de las maneras más efectivas de transportar mercancías de un lugar a otro del mundo. Aunque hoy en día se llevan a cabo muchos esfuerzos para evitar los accidentes marítimos, estos todavía ocurren y, de vez en cuando, tienen consecuencias catastróficas en términos ambientales, humanos y/o económicos. Los daños estructurales causados por grietas y/o corrosión son la causa principal de estos accidentes y, por ello, los barcos son sometidos a inspecciones periódicas con el objetivo de garantizar su integridad estructural. Para llevar a cabo una inspección, los barcos son vaciados y llevados a un astillero donde se instalan andamiajes para permitir a los inspectores alcanzar las zonas más altas de su estructura. Estas inspecciones se realizan muchas veces en entornos peligrosos o de difícil acceso. En términos económicos, el proceso puede suponer un desembolso de hasta un millón de dolares. Por todo ello, cualquier contribución que suponga una reducción en el tiempo/coste de la inspección, o un incremento en la seguridad de los operarios, está justificada. En esta tesis se proponen nuevas herramientas tecnológicas que pretenden contribuir al rediseño de los procesos de inspección visual de barcos. Por un lado, se propone una nueva plataforma robótica aérea que permite al operario realizar la inspección del barco desde una posición segura y cómoda. Esta plataforma consiste en un dispositivo de fácil manejo que ha sido desarrollado siguiendo el paradigma de la Autonomía Supervisada, de tal manera que el vehículo se encarga de todas las tareas referentes a la seguridad, mientras que el operario proporciona las consignas de desplazamiento y puede centrarse en el proceso de inspección. Por otro lado, se proponen diversos algoritmos basados en visión para la detección de defectos en la estructura del barco. En primer lugar, se proponen varios métodos para la detección de corrosión, basados en la combinación de diferentes descriptores de color y de textura. En segundo lugar, se propone un algoritmo para la detección de grietas que combina la extracción de contornos con un proceso de crecimiento de regiones. Finalmente, se evalúa el concepto de notoriedad para la detección de defectos genéricos, y para la mejora del rendimiento de los detectores de corrosión y de grietas. La plataforma robótica y los detectores de defectos propuestos han sido evaluados tanto en laboratorio como durante pruebas de campo realizadas a bordo de un barco real. Los resultados obtenidos permiten confirmar la utilidad y el buen rendimiento de las diferentes herramientas tecnológicas propuestas.
[eng]Vessels are nowadays one of the most cost effective ways to transport goods around the world. Despite the efforts to avoid maritime accidents, these still occur and, from time to time, have catastrophic consequences in environmental, human and/or economic terms. Structural failures caused by cracks and/or corrosion are the main cause of these accidents and, as such, vessels are submitted to periodical inspections in order to ensure their structural integrity. To carry out this task, vessels have to be emptied and situated in a dockyard where high scaffoldings are installed to allow the human inspectors to reach the highest parts of the vessel structure. Besides, the surveys are on many occasions performed in hazardous environments with difficult access. In economic terms, total expenses can reach up to one million dollars. Therefore, it is clear that any level of automation of the inspection process that can lead to a reduction of the inspection time, a reduction of the financial costs and/or an increase in the safety of the operation is fully justified. In this regard, this dissertation presents novel technological tools to contribute to re-engineering the process of vessel visual inspection. On the one hand, a novel aerial robotic platform is proposed to allow the surveyor to perform a proper inspection from a safe and comfortable position. It consists in an easy-to-use device which has been developed around the Supervised Autonomy paradigm, so that the vehicle is in charge of all the safety-related issues, while the surveyor provides the displacement commands and focuses on the inspection process. On the other hand, novel vision-based algorithms for defect detection on vessels structures are proposed. Firstly, several corrosion detection methods are described, based on the combination of different colour and texture descriptors. Secondly, a crack detection method, which combines edge detection with a region growing procedure, is proposed. Finally, the idea of saliency for detecting generic defects on vessel structures is evaluated, and also to improve the performance of the corrosion and crack detectors. The aerial platform and the defect detectors are evaluated both under laboratory conditions and during field tests performed on board real vessels. The results obtained allow to confirm the usability and the good performance of all the proposed technological tools.
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Cosme, Marco [Verfasser]. "Impact of mutualistic root fungi on crop quality and pest defense / Marco Cosme." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1079525343/34.
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Curlango-Rivera, Gilberto. "Function of Root Border Cells and their Exudates on Plant Defense in Hydroponic Systems." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/202535.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Controlled environment agriculture offers a solution to challenges including less available land, water deficits, and consumer demand for pesticide free produce. However, control of soil-borne diseases is a major limiting factor. The goal of this dissertation was to examine predictions of the hypothesis that border cells function to protect plant health by controlling microorganisms associated with plants grown in hydroponic culture. Border cells separate from root tips upon immersion in water, and appear to have important roles in the defense mechanisms of plant roots. The general objectives were (1) to study the delivery of border cells in hydroponics; (2) to evaluate interactions between border cells and microorganisms in hydroponics; and (3) to explore approaches to alter border cell production for improved root disease control. In this study it was confirmed that border cells can be released continuously into the solution of hydroponic culture suggesting that plants grown in this system may use extra energy in the production of new border cells. Free border cells interacted with microorganisms present in the hydroponic solution by secreting an extracellular capsule. Previous studies showed that proteins are a key component of this capsule, including lectins. The interaction of pea lectin and Nectria haematococca spores therefore was explored. Results demonstrated that pea lectin agglutinates fungal spores in a hapten-specific manner, and inhibits their germination. Lectin had no negative effect on root development suggesting that it could be used as a potential control for soil-borne diseases in hydroponics. To control the production of border cells, subsequent studies measured the impact of a transient exposure of root tips to different metabolites secreted by root caps and border cells. Exposure to specific metabolites altered the production of border cells without measurable effects on root growth and development. This is in contrast to results obtained with altered gene expression. For example, gene silencing of a border cell specific gene resulted in altered root growth.
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McGinley, Susan. "Root Border Cells Defend Plants: UA Researcher First to Describe Mechanism." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622263.
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Sohrabi, Reza. "Biochemical and Functional Characterization of Induced Terpene Formation in Arabidopsis Roots." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/74938.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Plants have evolved a variety of constitutive and induced chemical defense mechanisms against biotic stress. Emission of volatile compounds from plants facilitates interactions with both beneficial and pathogenic organisms. However, knowledge of the chemical defense in roots is still limited. In this study, we have examined the root-specific biosynthesis and function of volatile terpenes in the model plant Arabidopsis. When infected with the root rot pathogen Pythium irregulare, Arabidopsis roots release the acyclic C11-homoterpene (E)-4,8-dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene (DMNT), which is a common constituent of volatile blends emitted from insect-damaged foliage. We have identified a single cytochrome P450 monooxygenase of the CYP705 family that catalyzes a root-specific oxidative degradation of the C30-triterpene precursor arabidiol thereby causing the release of DMNT and a C19-degradation product named arabidonol. We found that DMNT shows inhibitory effects on P. irregulare mycelium growth and oospore germination in vitro, and that DMNT biosynthetic mutant plants were more susceptible to P. irregulare infection. We provide evidence based on genome synteny and phylogenetic analysis that the arabidiol biosynthetic gene cluster containing the arabidiol synthase (ABDS) and CYP705A1 genes possibly emerged via local gene duplication followed by de novo neofunctionalization. Together, our studies demonstrate differences and plasticity in the metabolic organization and function of terpenes in roots in comparison to aboveground plant tissues.
Additionally, we demonstrated that the arabidiol cleavage product, arabidonol, is further modified by yet unknown enzymatic reactions into three products, which are found in root exudates. We suggested a pathway for their biosynthesis based on precursor feeding experiments and NMR analysis. Although DMNT biosynthetic genes are clustered on chromosome 4 along with several potential modification genes, we did not find a possible role of these genes in the derivatization of arabidonol. Preliminary experimental results using genetic and biochemical approaches for identifying genes involved in the modification steps are also presented. In summary, this study demonstrates an alternative route for volatile terpene formation belowground different from aboveground plant tissues via triterpene degradation and provides evidence for an unexplored triterpene catabolism pathway in Arabidopsis.
Ph. D.
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Nguyen, Trang Hieu. "Analysis of wound-induced jasmonate biosynthesis and signaling in defense and root development responses in rice." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTG034.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Le riz est la première céréale consommée dans l’alimentation avec plus de 600 millions de tonnes produites chaque année. Ainsi les contraintes d’ordre biotique et abiotique exercées sur cette céréale peuvent être particulièrement préjudiciables a la sécurité alimentaire. Des interactions moléculaires complexes orchestrant le développement des plantes et les mécanismes de défense face a des agents pathogènes ou a des contraintes climatiques jouent un rôle majeur dans l’adaptation des plantes. Récemment, il a été mis en évidence le rôle crucial joue par les hormones de défense tel que le jasmonate dans la modulation des réponses permettant aux plantes de s’adapter a leur environnement. Ainsi, le décryptage de la signalisation et des réponses au jasmonate présentent un intérêt majeur chez les céréales. Dans ce cadre, ces travaux de thèse ont permis d’analyser le rôle de cette phytohormone dans les réponses de défense locales et distales suite à un stress mécanique. De plus, par des approches fonctionnelles, un nouveau rôle du jasmonate a été mis en évidence dans le contrôle systémique du développement des racines coronaires sous stress chez le riz. La compréhension des mécanismes de réponse à la blessure et l’impact sur le développement, notamment au niveau de la partie « cachée » de la plante, le système racinaire, permet d'envisager la création de nouvelles variétés et l’optimisation de méthodes de culture du rizRice is the first cereal consumed by human with more than 600 million tons produced each year. Thus the biotic and abiotic constraints on this cereal can be particularly damaging to food security. Complex molecular interactions orchestrating plant development and defense mechanisms against pathogens or climatic constraints play a major role in plant adaptation. Recently, it has been highlighted the crucial role played by defense hormones such as jasmonate in modulating responses allowing plants to adapt to their environment. Thus, the analysis of signaling and responses to jasmonate are of major interest for cereals. In this context, this thesis work allowed to analyze the role of this phytohormone in local and distal defense responses following mechanical stress. In addition, by functional approaches, a new role of jasmonate has been demonstrated in the systemic control of stress-induced coronary root development in rice. The understanding of the mechanisms of response to injury and the impact on development, especially at the level of the "hidden" part of the plant, the root system, makes it possible to consider the creation of new varieties and the optimization of breeding methods and rice cultivation
Книги з теми "Robot defence"
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author, Hedrick Tim, Iverson Mitch author, Yamashin Mariko ill, Brill Ian, Digital Art Chefs, and AndWorld Design (Firm), eds. DreamWorks Voltron: Legendary defender. St. Louis, Missouri: Lion Forge, LLc, The, 2016.
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2
author, Iverson Mitch, Yoo Jung Gwan, Choi Ji-In ill, Rubine, Lobel Benito ill, Puste (Comic artist) ill, and AndWorld Design (Firm), eds. Voltron, legendary defender: Pilgrimage. [Saint Louis, Missouri]: Lion Forge, LLc, The, 2018.
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3
katastrofy, Ukraine Ministerstvo Ukraïny z. pytanʹ nadzvychaĭnykh sytuat︠s︡iĭ ta u. spravakh zakhystu naselenni︠a︡ vid naslidkiv Chornobylʹsʹkoï. Dosvid roboty orhaniv upravlinni︠a︡ ta syl T︠S︡yvilʹnoï oborony Ukraïny shchodo likvidat︠s︡iï nadzvychaĭnykh sytuat︠s︡iĭ tekhnohennoho ta pryrodnoho kharakteru. Kyïv: "Chornobylʹinterinform", 2002.
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Arena, Mark V. Management perspectives pertaining to root cause analyses of Nunn-McCurdy breaches: Contractor motivations and anticipating breaches. Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corporation, 2014.
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5
Rouff, Christopher. Experience from the DARPA Urban Challenge. London: Springer-Verlag London Limited, 2012.
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6
Sepowski, Stephen J., ed. The Ultimate Hint Book. Old Saybrook, CT: The Ultimate Game Club Ltd., 1991.
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Tom, Badgett, ed. Official Sega Genesis and Game Gear strategies, 2ND Edition. Toronto: Bantam Books, 1991.
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Sandler, Corey. Official Sega Genesis and Game Gear strategies, 3RD Edition. New York: Bantam Books, 1992.
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9
Galliott, Jai. The Unabomber on Robots. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190652951.003.0024.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter offers a limited defense of a controversial argument put forward by Ted Kaczynski, the “Unabomber,” namely that technological society threatens humanity’s survival. It draws on direct correspondence and prison interviews with Kaczynski and applies his broader views to the robotization of humanity; and it argues that the technological system is so complex that users are forced into choosing between jailed technology controlled by those within existing oppressive power structures, dedicating their lives to building knowledge and understanding of the software and robotics that facilitate participation in the technological system, or otherwise revolting against said system. That is, contra Peter Ludlow, it is not simply a matter of putting technology back in the hands of the people through “hacktivisim” or open-source design and programming. We must either accept revolt as permissible or recover a philosophy of technology truly geared toward human ends—parts set against the dehumanizing whole.
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Burri, Susanne. What Is the Moral Problem with Killer Robots? Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190495657.003.0009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An autonomous weapon system (AWS) is a weapons system that, “once activated, can select and engage targets without further intervention by a human operator” (US Department of Defense directive 3000.09, November 21, 2012). Militaries around the world are investing substantial amounts of money and effort into the development of AWS. But the technology has its vocal opponents, too. This chapter argues against the idea that a targeting decision made by an AWS is always morally flawed simply because it is a targeting decision made by an AWS. It scrutinizes four arguments in favor of this idea and argues that none of them is convincing. It also presents an argument in favor of developing autonomous weapons technology further. The aim of this chapter is to dispel one worry about AWS, to keep this worry from drawing attention away from the genuinely important issues that AWS give rise to.
Частини книг з теми "Robot defence"
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Espina, Maria Valera, Raphael Grech, Deon De Jager, Paolo Remagnino, Luca Iocchi, Luca Marchetti, Daniele Nardi, Dorothy Monekosso, Mircea Nicolescu, and Christopher King. "Multi-robot Teams for Environmental Monitoring." In Innovations in Defence Support Systems – 3, 183–209. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18278-5_8.
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Surana, Harsh, Nitesh Agarwal, Akash Udaykumar, and Rucha Darekar. "Blackbox-Based Night Vision Camouflage Robot for Defence Applications." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 631–37. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1513-8_64.
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Dasgupta, Prithviraj. "Multi-Robot Task Allocation for Performing Cooperative Foraging Tasks in an Initially Unknown Environment." In Innovations in Defence Support Systems -2, 5–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17764-4_2.
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Franke, Ulrike Esther. "Military Robots And Drones." In Routledge Handbook Of Defence Studies, 339–49. Abingdon, Oxon: New York, NY: Routledge, [2018]: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315650463-28.
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Steinberg, Christian, Charline Lecomte, Claude Alabouvette, and Véronique Edel-Hermann. "Root Interactions with Nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporum." In Belowground Defence Strategies in Plants, 281–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42319-7_12.
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Franklin, Stephen J., Anthony Finn, John E. Pattison, and Lakhmi C. Jain. "Motion Optimization Scheme for Cooperative Mobile Robots." In Innovations in Defence Support Systems – 1, 139–73. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14084-6_6.
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Amine, Khadija, Wafa El Kholti, and Jamila Kissa. "Prognostic Factors: Defect Related Factors." In Periodontal Root Coverage, 29–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20091-6_4.
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Baetz, Ulrike. "Root Exudates as Integral Part of Belowground Plant Defence." In Belowground Defence Strategies in Plants, 45–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42319-7_3.
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Mendoza, Juan Pablo, Joydeep Biswas, Danny Zhu, Richard Wang, Philip Cooksey, Steven Klee, and Manuela Veloso. "CMDragons 2015: Coordinated Offense and Defense of the SSL Champions." In RoboCup 2015: Robot World Cup XIX, 106–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29339-4_9.
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Cheema, Faisal H., Sophie Kathryn Jones, and Michael Argenziano. "Robot-Assisted Atrial Septal Defect Closure." In Atlas of Robotic Cardiac Surgery, 293–98. London: Springer London, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6332-9_29.
Повний текст джерелаТези доповідей конференцій з теми "Robot defence"
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Tickle, Andrew J., James Buckle, Josef E. Grindley, and Jeremy S. Smith. "Development and modeling of a stereo vision focusing system for a field programmable gate array robot." In Security + Defence, edited by Edward M. Carapezza. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.865003.
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Tickle, Andrew J., Yan Meng, and Jeremy S. Smith. "Simulation of a dead reckoning embedded system security patrol robot for deployment inside structures and buildings." In Security + Defence, edited by Edward M. Carapezza. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.865011.
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Vadivel, M., and S. Siva Sundara Pandian. "Realization of multitasking wireless robot for defence applications." In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Power, Control, Signals and Instrumentation Engineering (ICPCSI). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpcsi.2017.8392118.
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Harris, C., R. Evans, and E. Tidey. "Assessment of a visually guided autonomous exploration robot." In SPIE Europe Security and Defence, edited by Edward M. Carapezza. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.800100.
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Chereau, Romain, and Toby P. Breckon. "Robust motion filtering as an enabler to video stabilization for a tele-operated mobile robot." In SPIE Security + Defence, edited by Gary W. Kamerman, Ove K. Steinvall, Gary J. Bishop, and John D. Gonglewski. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2028360.
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Buermann, Jan, and Jie Zhang. "Multi-Robot Adversarial Patrolling Strategies via Lattice Paths." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/582.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In full-knowledge multi-robot adversarial patrolling, a group of robots have to detect an adversary who knows the robots' strategy. The adversary can easily take advantage of any deterministic patrolling strategy, which necessitates the employment of a randomised strategy. While the Markov decision process has been the dominant methodology in computing the penetration detection probabilities, we apply enumerative combinatorics to characterise the penetration detection probabilities. It allows us to provide the closed formulae of these probabilities and facilitates characterising optimal random defence strategies. Comparing to iteratively updating the Markov transition matrices, our methods significantly reduces the time and space complexity of solving the problem. We use this method to tackle four penetration configurations.
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Witus, Gary, Robert Karlsen, James Overholt, and Grant Gerhart. "Visual tracking for mobile robot pursuit." In European Symposium on Optics and Photonics for Defence and Security, edited by Edward M. Carapezza. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.634478.
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Hunt, Shawn, Yung-Sen Li, Gary Witus, Steven Walter, R. Darin Ellis, Gregory Auner, Alex Cao, and Abhilash Pandya. "Integration of new communications and mast subsystems on an Omni-Directional Inspection Robot (ODIS)." In Optics/Photonics in Security and Defence, edited by Edward M. Carapezza. SPIE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.738078.
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Khan, Muhammad Tahir, Toar Imanuel, Yelnil Gabo, and C. W. de Silva. "Robust Multi-Robot Cooperation Using an Idiotypic Model of Artificial Immune Systems." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-37966.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The human immune system is a network of cells, tissues, and other organs that defend the body against foreign invaders called antigens. Jerne’s Idiotypic network theory concerns how an antibody in the immune system stimulates or suppresses another antibody and recognizes an antigen. Based on the principles of the human immune system and Jerne’s idiotypic network theory this paper presents a method for cooperation among robots in a multi-robot system. The developed cooperative multi-robot system is fully autonomous and distributed. In the present paper, cooperation is not assumed a priori. If a robot is unable to complete a task alone, the system autonomously chooses the appropriate number of suitable and most capable robots in the fleet to cooperate with each other in carrying out a global task. The approach developed in the paper incorporates robustness and fault tolerance in immune system–based multi-robot cooperation.
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Tierney, Terrance M., William J. Protzman, and Brian Samples. "Human-robot teaming." In Defense and Security, edited by Grant R. Gerhart, Charles M. Shoemaker, and Douglas W. Gage. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.607330.
Повний текст джерелаЗвіти організацій з теми "Robot defence"
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Cary, Dakota. Robot Hacking Games: China’s Competitions to Automate the Software Vulnerability Lifecycle. Center for Security and Emerging Technology, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51593/2021ca005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Software vulnerability discovery, patching, and exploitation—collectively known as the vulnerability lifecycle—is time consuming and labor intensive. Automating the process could significantly improve software security and offensive hacking. The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency’s Cyber Grand Challenge supported teams of researchers from 2014 to 2016 that worked to create these tools. China took notice. In 2017, China hosted its first Robot Hacking Game, seeking to automate the software vulnerability lifecycle. Since then, China has hosted seven such competitions and the People’s Liberation Army has increased its role in hosting the games.
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Brown Horowitz, Sigal, Eric L. Davis, and Axel Elling. Dissecting interactions between root-knot nematode effectors and lipid signaling involved in plant defense. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7598167.bard.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Root-knot nematodes, Meloidogynespp., are extremely destructive pathogens with a cosmopolitan distribution and a host range that affects most crops. Safety and environmental concerns related to the toxicity of nematicides along with a lack of natural resistance sources threaten most crops in Israel and the U.S. This emphasizes the need to identify genes and signal mechanisms that could provide novel nematode control tactics and resistance breeding targets. The sedentary root-knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogynespp. secrete effectors in a spatial and temporal manner to interfere with and mimic multiple physiological and morphological mechanisms, leading to modifications and reprogramming of the host cells' functions, resulted in construction and maintenance of nematodes' feeding sites. For successful parasitism, many effectors act as immunomodulators, aimed to manipulate and suppress immune defense signaling triggered upon nematode invasion. Plant development and defense rely mainly on hormone regulation. Herein, a metabolomic profiling of oxylipins and hormones composition of tomato roots were performed using LC-MS/MS, indicating a fluctuation in oxylipins profile in a compatible interaction. Moreover, further attention was given to uncover the implication of WRKYs transcription factors in regulating nematode development. In addition, in order to identify genes that might interact with the lipidomic defense pathway induced by oxylipins, a RNAseq was performed by exposing M. javanicasecond-stage juveniles to tomato protoplast, 9-HOT and 13-KOD oxylipins. This transcriptome generated a total of 4682 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Being interested in effectors, we seek for DEGs carrying a predicted secretion signal peptide. Among the DEGs including signal peptide, several had homology with known effectors in other nematode species, other unknown potentially secreted proteins may have a role as root-knot nematodes' effectors which might interact with lipid signaling. The molecular interaction of LOX proteins with the Cyst nematode effectors illustrate the nematode strategy in manipulating plant lipid signals. The function of several other effectors in manipulating plant defense signals, as well as lipids signals, weakening cell walls, attenuating feeding site function and development are still being studied in depth for several novel effectors. As direct outcome of this project, the accumulating findings will be utilized to improve our understanding of the mechanisms governing critical life-cycle phases of the parasitic M. incognita RKN, thereby facilitating design of effective controls based on perturbation of nematode behavior—without producing harmful side effects. The knowledge from this study will promote genome editing strategies aimed at developing nematode resistance in tomato and other nematode-susceptible crop species in Israel and the United States.
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Chamovitz, A. Daniel, and Georg Jander. Genetic and biochemical analysis of glucosinolate breakdown: The effects of indole-3-carbinol on plant physiology and development. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597917.bard.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Genetic and biochemical analysis of glucosinolate breakdown: The effects of indole-3-carbinol on plant physiology and development Glucosinolates are a class of defense-related secondary metabolites found in all crucifers, including important oilseed and vegetable crops in the Brassica genus and the well-studied model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Upon tissue damage, such as that provided by insect feeding, glucosinolates are subjected to catalysis and spontaneous degradation to form a variety of breakdown products. These breakdown products typically have a deterrent effect on generalist herbivores. Glucosinolate breakdown products also contribute to the anti-carcinogenic effects of eating cabbage, broccoli and related cruciferous vegetables. Indole-3-carbinol, a breakdown product of indol-3-ylmethylglucosinolate, forms conjugates with several other plant metabolites. Although some indole-3-carbinol conjugates have known functions in defense against herbivores and pathogens, most play as yet unidentified roles in plant metabolism, and possibly also plant development. At the outset, our proposal had three main hypotheses: (1) There is a specific detoxification pathway for indole-3-carbinol; (2) Metabolites derived from indole-3-carbinol are phloem-mobile and serve as signaling molecules; and (3) Indole-3-carbinol affects plant cell cycle and cell-differentiation pathways. The experiments were designed to enable us to elucidate how indole-3-carbinol and related metabolites affect plants and their interactions with herbivorous insects. We discovered that indole-3- carbinol rapidly and reversibly inhibits root elongation in a dose-dependent manner, and that this inhibition is accompanied by a loss of auxin activity in the root meristem. A direct interaction between indole-3-carbinol and the auxin perception machinery was suggested, as application of indole-3-carbinol rescued auxin-induced root phenotypes. In vitro and yeast-based protein interaction studies showed that indole-3-carbinol perturbs the auxin-dependent interaction of TIR1 with Aux/IAA proteins, supporting the notion that indole-3-carbinol acts as an auxin antagonist. Furthermore, transcript profiling experiments revealed the influence of indole-3-carbinol on auxin signaling in root tips, and indole-3-carbinol also affected auxin transporters. Brief treatment with indole-3-carbinol led to a reduction in the amount of PIN1 and to mislocalization of PIN2. The results indicate that chemicals induced by herbivory, such as indole-3-carbinol, function not only to repel herbivores, but also as signaling molecules that directly compete with auxin to fine tune plant growth and development, which implies transport of indole-3- carbinol that we are as yet unsuccessful in detecting. Our results indicate that plant defensive metabolites also have secondary functions in regulating aspects of plant metabolism, thereby providing diversity in defense-related plant signaling pathways. Such diversity of of signaling by defensive metabolites would be beneficial for the plant, as herbivores and pathogens would be less likely to mount effective countermeasures. We propose that growth arrest can be mediated directly by the herbivory-induced chemicals, in our case, indole-3-carbinol. Thus, glucosinolate breakdown to I3C following herbivory would have two outcomes: (1) Indole-3-carbinaol would inhibit the herbivore, while (2) at the same time inducing growth arrest within the plant. Thus, our results indicate that I3C is a defensive phytohormone that modulates auxin signaling, leading to growth arrest.
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Davies, Will. Improving the engagement of UK armed forces overseas. Royal Institute of International Affairs, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/9781784135010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The UK government’s Integrated Review of security, defence, development and foreign policy, published in March 2021 alongside a supporting defence command paper, set a new course for UK national security and highlighted opportunities for an innovative approach to international engagement activity. The Integrated Review focused principally on the state threats posed by China’s increasing power and by competitors – including Russia – armed with nuclear, conventional and hybrid capabilities. It also stressed the continuing risks to global security and resilience due to conflict and instability in weakened and failed states. These threats have the potential to increase poverty and inequality, violent extremism, climate degradation and the forced displacement of people, while presenting authoritarian competitors with opportunities to enhance their geopolitical influence. There are moral, security and economic motives to foster durable peace in conflict-prone and weakened regions through a peacebuilding approach that promotes good governance, addresses the root causes of conflict and prevents violence, while denying opportunities to state competitors. The recent withdrawal from Afghanistan serves to emphasize the complexities and potential pitfalls associated with intervention operations in complex, unstable regions. Success in the future will require the full, sustained and coordinated integration of national, allied and regional levers of power underpinned by a sophisticated understanding of the operating environment. The UK armed forces, with their considerable resources and global network, will contribute to this effort through ‘persistent engagement’. This is a new approach to overseas operations below the threshold of conflict, designed as a pre-emptive complement to warfighting. To achieve this, the UK Ministry of Defence (MOD) must develop a capability that can operate effectively in weak, unstable and complex regions prone to violent conflict and crises, not least in the regions on the eastern and southern flanks of the Euro-Atlantic area. The first step must be the development of a cohort of military personnel with enhanced, tailored levels of knowledge, skills and experience. Engagement roles must be filled by operators with specialist knowledge, skills and experience forged beyond the mainstream discipline of combat and warfighting. Only then will individuals develop a genuinely sophisticated understanding of complex, politically driven and sensitive operating environments and be able to infuse the design and delivery of international activities with practical wisdom and insight. Engagement personnel need to be equipped with: An inherent understanding of the human and political dimensions of conflict, the underlying drivers such as inequality and scarcity, and the exacerbating factors such as climate change and migration; - A grounding in social sciences and conflict modelling in order to understand complex human terrain; - Regional expertise enabled by language skills, cultural intelligence and human networks; - Familiarity with a diverse range of partners, allies and local actors and their approaches; - Expertise in building partner capacity and applying defence capabilities to deliver stability and peace; - A grasp of emerging artificial intelligence technology as a tool to understand human terrain; - Reach and insight developed through ‘knowledge networks’ of external experts in academia, think-tanks and NGOs. Successful change will be dependent on strong and overt advocacy by the MOD’s senior leadership and a revised set of personnel policies and procedures for this cohort’s selection, education, training, career management, incentivization, sustainability and support.
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Chefetz, Benny, Baoshan Xing, Leor Eshed-Williams, Tamara Polubesova, and Jason Unrine. DOM affected behavior of manufactured nanoparticles in soil-plant system. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7604286.bard.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The overall goal of this project was to elucidate the role of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in soil retention, bioavailability and plant uptake of silver and cerium oxide NPs. The environmental risks of manufactured nanoparticles (NPs) are attracting increasing attention from both industrial and scientific communities. These NPs have shown to be taken-up, translocated and bio- accumulated in plant edible parts. However, very little is known about the behavior of NPs in soil-plant system as affected by dissolved organic matter (DOM). Thus DOM effect on NPs behavior is critical to assessing the environmental fate and risks related to NP exposure. Carbon-based nanomaterials embedded with metal NPs demonstrate a great potential to serve as catalyst and disinfectors. Hence, synthesis of novel carbon-based nanocomposites and testing them in the environmentally relevant conditions (particularly in the DOM presence) is important for their implementation in water purification. Sorption of DOM on Ag-Ag₂S NPs, CeO₂ NPs and synthesized Ag-Fe₃O₄-carbon nanotubebifunctional composite has been studied. High DOM concentration (50mg/L) decreased the adsorptive and catalytic efficiencies of all synthesized NPs. Recyclable Ag-Fe₃O₄-carbon nanotube composite exhibited excellent catalytic and anti-bacterial action, providing complete reduction of common pollutants and inactivating gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria at environmentally relevant DOM concentrations (5-10 mg/L). Our composite material may be suitable for water purification ranging from natural to the industrial waste effluents. We also examined the role of maize (Zeamays L.)-derived root exudates (a form of DOM) and their components on the aggregation and dissolution of CuONPs in the rhizosphere. Root exudates (RE) significantly inhibited the aggregation of CuONPs regardless of ionic strength and electrolyte type. With RE, the critical coagulation concentration of CuONPs in NaCl shifted from 30 to 125 mM and the value in CaCl₂ shifted from 4 to 20 mM. This inhibition was correlated with molecular weight (MW) of RE fractions. Higher MW fraction (> 10 kDa) reduced the aggregation most. RE also significantly promoted the dissolution of CuONPs and lower MW fraction (< 3 kDa) RE mainly contributed to this process. Also, Cu accumulation in plant root tissues was significantly enhanced by RE. This study provides useful insights into the interactions between RE and CuONPs, which is of significance for the safe use of CuONPs-based antimicrobial products in agricultural production. Wheat root exudates (RE) had high reducing ability to convert Ag+ to nAg under light exposure. Photo-induced reduction of Ag+ to nAg in pristine RE was mainly attributed to the 0-3 kDa fraction. Quantification of the silver species change over time suggested that Cl⁻ played an important role in photoconversion of Ag+ to nAg through the formation and redox cycling of photoreactiveAgCl. Potential electron donors for the photoreduction of Ag+ were identified to be reducing sugars and organic acids of low MW. Meanwhile, the stabilization of the formed particles was controlled by both low (0-3 kDa) and high (>3 kDa) MW molecules. This work provides new information for the formation mechanism of metal nanoparticles mediated by RE, which may further our understanding of the biogeochemical cycling and toxicity of heavy metal ions in agricultural and environmental systems. Copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuSNPs) at 1:1 and 1:4 ratios of Cu and S were synthesized, and their respective antifungal efficacy was evaluated against the pathogenic activity of Gibberellafujikuroi(Bakanae disease) in rice (Oryza sativa). In a 2-d in vitro study, CuS decreased G. fujikuroiColony- Forming Units (CFU) compared to controls. In a greenhouse study, treating with CuSNPs at 50 mg/L at the seed stage significantly decreased disease incidence on rice while the commercial Cu-based pesticide Kocide 3000 had no impact on disease. Foliar-applied CuONPs and CuS (1:1) NPs decreased disease incidence by 30.0 and 32.5%, respectively, which outperformed CuS (1:4) NPs (15%) and Kocide 3000 (12.5%). CuS (1:4) NPs also modulated the shoot salicylic acid (SA) and Jasmonic acid (JA) production to enhance the plant defense mechanisms against G. fujikuroiinfection. These results are useful for improving the delivery efficiency of agrichemicals via nano-enabled strategies while minimizing their environmental impact, and advance our understanding of the defense mechanisms triggered by the NPs presence in plants.
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Ibdah, Mwafaq, Dorothea Tholl, and Philipp W. Simon. How temperature stress changes carrot flavor: Elucidating the genetic determinants of undesired taste in carrots. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7598171.bard.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Global climate change and warming temperatures represent the greatest future challenge for global food production and quality. In this project, we will define the genetic factors of climate-associated taste deficiencies in carrot. Carrot is considered one of the leading horticultural crops in the world in terms of its nutritional value, health benefits, and unique flavor based on its high content of carotenoids and volatile aroma compounds. In recent years, carrot genotypes of different color with improved nutraceutical attributes have been developed. When exposed to high growth temperatures, carrots develop an undesired harsh and bitter taste caused by the accumulation of terpene metabolites. This taste deficiency represents a quality defect to carrot breeders and large- scale growers and needs to be minimized for successful marketing of carrot crops. Surprisingly, the genetic determinants of bitter and harsh flavor in carrot and their response to temperature stress are not well characterized. We started to elucidate these factors in different carrot cultivars by investigating the biosynthesis of volatile terpenes, which represent the predominant flavor compounds in carrots. Also, up to date we identified and characterized two terpenesynthase enzymes, one of which produces (E)-β- caryophyllene, a major terpene component in carrot root. Both TPSs may contribute to the observed variation in volatile terpene formation.