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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Rift Margins"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Rift Margins"

Peace, Alexander L., and J. Kim Welford. "Conjugate margins — An oversimplification of the complex southern North Atlantic rift and spreading system?" Interpretation 8, no. 2 (May 1, 2020): SH33—SH49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2019-0087.1.

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The prevalence of conjugate margin terminology and studies in the scientific literature is testimony to the contribution that this concept and approach has made to the study of passive margins, and more broadly extensional tectonics. However, when applied to the complex rift, transform, and spreading system of the southern North Atlantic (i.e., the passive margins of Newfoundland, Labrador, Ireland, Iberia, and southern Greenland), it becomes obvious that at these passive continental margin settings, additional geologic phenomena complicate this convenient description. These aspects include (1) the preservation of relatively undeformed continental fragments, (2) formation of transform systems and oblique rifts, (3) triple junctions (with rift and spreading axes), (4) multiple failed rift axes, (5) postbreakup processes such as magmatism, (6) localized subduction, and (7) ambiguity in identification of oceanic isochrons. Comparison of two different published reconstructions of the region indicates the ambiguity in conducting conjugate margin studies. This demonstrates the need for a more pragmatic approach to the study of continental passive margin settings where a greater emphasis is placed on the inclusion of these possibly complicating features in palinspastic reconstructions, plate tectonics, and evolutionary models.

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Heine, C., J. Zoethout, and R. D. Müller. "Kinematics of the South Atlantic rift." Solid Earth Discussions 5, no. 1 (January 16, 2013): 41–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sed-5-41-2013.

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Abstract. The South Atlantic rift basin evolved as branch of a large Jurassic-Cretaceous intraplate rift zone between the African and South American plates during the final breakup of western Gondwana. While the relative motions between South America and Africa for post-breakup times are well resolved, many issues pertaining to the fit reconstruction and particular the relation between kinematics and lithosphere dynamics during pre-breakup remain unclear in currently published plate models. We have compiled and assimilated data from these intraplated rifts and constructed a revised plate kinematic model for the pre-breakup evolution of the South Atlantic. Based on structural restoration of the conjugate South Atlantic margins and intracontinental rift basins in Africa and South America, we achieve a tight fit reconstruction which eliminates the need for previously inferred large intracontinental shear zones, in particular in Patagonian South America. By quantitatively accounting for crustal deformation in the Central and West African rift zone, we have been able to indirectly construct the kinematic history of the pre-breakup evolution of the conjugate West African-Brazilian margins. Our model suggests a causal link between changes in extension direction and velocity during continental extension and the generation of marginal structures such as the enigmatic Pre-salt sag basin and the São Paulo High. We model an initial E–W directed extension between South America and Africa (fixed in present-day position) at very low extensional velocities until Upper Hauterivian times (≈126 Ma) when rift activity along in the equatorial Atlantic domain started to increase significantly. During this initial ≈17 Myr-long stretching episode the Pre-salt basin width on the conjugate Brazilian and West African margins is generated. An intermediate stage between 126.57 Ma and Base Aptian is characterised by strain localisation, rapid lithospheric weakening in the equatorial Atlantic domain, resulting in both progressively increasing extensional velocities as well as a significant rotation of the extension direction to NE–SW. From Base Aptian onwards diachronous lithospheric breakup occurred along the central South Atlantic rift, first in the Sergipe-Alagoas/Rio Muni margin segment in the northernmost South Atlantic. Final breakup between South America and Africa occurred in the conjugate Santos–Benguela margin segment at around 113 Ma and in the Equatorial Atlantic domain between the Ghanaian Ridge and the Piauí-Ceará margin at 103 Ma. We conclude that such a multi-velocity, multi-directional rift history exerts primary control on the evolution of this conjugate passive margins systems and can explain the first order tectonic structures along the South Atlantic and possibly other passive margins.

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Heine, C., J. Zoethout, and R. D. Müller. "Kinematics of the South Atlantic rift." Solid Earth 4, no. 2 (August 1, 2013): 215–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-4-215-2013.

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Abstract. The South Atlantic rift basin evolved as a branch of a large Jurassic–Cretaceous intraplate rift zone between the African and South American plates during the final break-up of western Gondwana. While the relative motions between South America and Africa for post-break-up times are well resolved, many issues pertaining to the fit reconstruction and particularly the relation between kinematics and lithosphere dynamics during pre-break-up remain unclear in currently published plate models. We have compiled and assimilated data from these intraplated rifts and constructed a revised plate kinematic model for the pre-break-up evolution of the South Atlantic. Based on structural restoration of the conjugate South Atlantic margins and intracontinental rift basins in Africa and South America, we achieve a tight-fit reconstruction which eliminates the need for previously inferred large intracontinental shear zones, in particular in Patagonian South America. By quantitatively accounting for crustal deformation in the Central and West African Rift Zones, we have been able to indirectly construct the kinematic history of the pre-break-up evolution of the conjugate west African–Brazilian margins. Our model suggests a causal link between changes in extension direction and velocity during continental extension and the generation of marginal structures such as the enigmatic pre-salt sag basin and the São Paulo High. We model an initial E–W-directed extension between South America and Africa (fixed in present-day position) at very low extensional velocities from 140 Ma until late Hauterivian times (≈126 Ma) when rift activity along in the equatorial Atlantic domain started to increase significantly. During this initial ≈14 Myr-long stretching episode the pre-salt basin width on the conjugate Brazilian and west African margins is generated. An intermediate stage between ≈126 Ma and base Aptian is characterised by strain localisation, rapid lithospheric weakening in the equatorial Atlantic domain, resulting in both progressively increasing extensional velocities as well as a significant rotation of the extension direction to NE–SW. From base Aptian onwards diachronous lithospheric break-up occurred along the central South Atlantic rift, first in the Sergipe–Alagoas/Rio Muni margin segment in the northernmost South Atlantic. Final break-up between South America and Africa occurred in the conjugate Santos–Benguela margin segment at around 113 Ma and in the equatorial Atlantic domain between the Ghanaian Ridge and the Piauí-Ceará margin at 103 Ma. We conclude that such a multi-velocity, multi-directional rift history exerts primary control on the evolution of these conjugate passive-margin systems and can explain the first-order tectonic structures along the South Atlantic and possibly other passive margins.

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Etheridge, M. A., P. A. Symonds, and T. G. Powell. "APPLICATION OF THE DETACHMENT MODEL FOR CONTINENTAL EXTENSION TO HYDROCARBON EXPLORATION IN EXTENSIONAL BASINS." APPEA Journal 29, no. 2 (1989): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj88062.

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The extension of the continental lithosphere that gives rise to continental rifts and eventually to passive continental margins and their basins is considered generally to involve shear on one or more major, shallow dipping normal faults (detachments). The operation of these detachments induces a basic asymmetry into the extensional terrane that is analogous to that in thrust terranes. As a result, the two sides of a continental rift and conjugate passive margin segments are predicted to have contrasting structure, facies development, subsidence history and thermal evolution.The major structural consequence of the detachment model is that half- graben rather than full graben geometry is expected in rift basins, consistent with recent interpretations in a wide range of continental rifts and passive margins. Half- graben geometry dominates in the Bass Strait basins, the Canning Basin and in a number of Proterozoic rifts, and has been observed on most parts of the Australian continental margin. Variations in the along- strike geometry of extensional basins are accommodated by transfer faults or fault zones. Transfer faults are as important and widespread in rifts as the classical normal faults, and they have important consequences for hydrocarbon exploration (e.g. design of seismic surveys, structural interpretation of seismic data, play and lead development).The fundamental asymmetry of extensional basins, and their compartmentalisation by transfer faults also control to a large extent the distribution of both source and reservoir facies. A model for facies distribution in a typical rift basin is presented, together with its implications for the prime locations of juxtaposed sources and reservoirs. Maturation of syn- rift source rocks depends on both the regional heat flow history and the amount of post- rift subsidence (and therefore burial). Both of these factors are influenced, and are partly predictable by the detachment model. In particular, there may be substantial horizontal offset of both the maximum thermal anomaly and the locus of post- rift subsidence from the rift basin. Analysis of deep crustal geophysical data may aid in the interpretation of detachment geometry and, therefore, of the gross distribution of thermal and subsidence histories.

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Etheridge, M. A., P. A. Symonds, and T. G. Powell. "APPLICATION OF THE DETACHMENT MODEL FOR CONTINENTAL EXTENSION TO HYDROCARBON EXPLORATION IN EXTENSIONAL BASINS." APPEA Journal 28, no. 1 (1988): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj87015.

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Анотація:

The extension of the continental lithosphere that gives rise to continental rifts and eventually to passive continental margins and their basins is considered generally to involve shear on one or more major, shallow dipping normal faults (detachments). The operation of these detachments induces a basic asymmetry into the extensional terrane that is analogous to that in thrust terranes. As a result, the two sides of a continental rift and conjugate passive margin segments are predicted to have contrasting structure, facies development, subsidence history and thermal evolution.The major structural consequence of the detachment model is that half-graben rather than full graben geometry is expected in rift basins, consistent with recent interpretations in a wide range of continental rifts and passive margins. Half-graben geometry dominates in the Bass Strait basins, the Canning Basin and in a number of Proterozoic rifts, and has been observed on most parts of the Australian continental margin. Variations in the along-strike geometry of extensional basins are accommodated by transfer faults or fault zones. Transfer faults are as important and widespread in rifts as the classical normal faults, and they have important consequences for hydrocarbon exploration (e.g. design of seismic surveys, structural interpretation of seismic data, play and leav development).The fundam* nal asymmetry of extensional basins, and their compartmentalisation by transfer faults also control to a large extent the distribution of both source and reservoir facies. A model for facies distribution in a typical rift basin is presented, together with its implications for the prime locations of juxtaposed sources and reservoirs. Maturation of synrift source rocks depends on both the regional heat flow history and the amount of post-rift subsidence (and therefore burial). Both of these factors are influenced, and are partly predictable by the detachment model. In particular, there may be substantial horizontal offset of both the maximum thermal anomaly and the locus of post-rift subsidence from the rift basin. Analysis of deep crustal geophysical data may aid in the interpretation of detachment geometry and, therefore, of the gross distribution of thermal and subsidence histories.

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Reuber, Kyle, and Paul Mann. "Control of Precambrian-to-Paleozoic orogenic trends on along-strike variations in Early Cretaceous continental rifts of the South Atlantic Ocean." Interpretation 7, no. 4 (November 1, 2019): SH45—SH69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2018-0257.1.

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The Early Cretaceous (135–130 Ma) continental rupture of Western Gondwana to form the South American and African plates closely paralleled the elongate trends of Precambrian and Paleozoic orogenic belts. These orogenic belts were produced as a result of the Neoproterozoic convergent and strike-slip assembly of Gondwana that redeformed during later, Paleozoic orogenic events. Continued continental rifting led to the formation of conjugate, South Atlantic volcanic passive margins whose widths vary from 55 to 180 km. Along-strike variations in crustal stretching, as measured from deep-penetration seismic reflection profiles, correlate with parallel and oblique orientations of rifts relative to the trend of the orogenic, basement fabric. Where orogenic fabric trends parallel to the north–south South Atlantic rift direction such as in the Dom Feliciano orogenic belt of Uruguay and Brazil and the Kaoko Uruguay/Brazil and Kaoko orogenic belt of Namibia, we observe narrow (55–90 km) rift zones with modest continental beta factors of 2.5–3.5 because smaller amounts of rifting were needed to stretch the weaker and parallel, orogenic, basement fabric. Where the basement fabric trends near-orthogonally to the north–south South Atlantic rift direction such as in the Salado suture of Southern Uruguay and the Damara Belt of Namibia, we observe wider (185–220 km) rift zones with higher beta factors of 4.3–5 because greater amounts of stretching were needed to rupture the orthogonal, orogenic, basement fabric. The rift-oblique Gariep Belt intersects the South Atlantic continental rupture at an intermediate angle (30°) and exhibits a predicted intermediate beta factor of 4.0. A compilation of published beta factors from 36 other rifted margins worldwide supports the same basement-trend-degree of stretching relationship that we have developed — with rift-parallel margins having lower beta factors in a range of 1.3–3.5 and rift-orthogonal or oblique margins having higher beta factors in a range of 4–8.

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Lipovsky, Bradley Paul. "Ice shelf rift propagation: stability, three-dimensional effects, and the role of marginal weakening." Cryosphere 14, no. 5 (May 27, 2020): 1673–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1673-2020.

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Abstract. Understanding the processes that govern ice shelf extent is important to improving estimates of future sea-level rise. In present-day Antarctica, ice shelf extent is most commonly determined by the propagation of through-cutting fractures called ice shelf rifts. Here, I present the first three-dimensional analysis of ice shelf rift propagation. I model rifts using the assumptions of linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM). The model predicts that rifts may be stabilized (i.e., stop propagating) when buoyant flexure results in the partial contact of rift walls. This stabilizing tendency may be overcome, however, by processes that act in the ice shelf margins. In particular, loss of marginal strength, modeled as a transition from zero tangential displacement to zero tangential shear stress, is shown to favor rift propagation. Rift propagation may also be triggered if a rift is carried with the ice flow (i.e., advected) out of an embayment and into a floating ice tongue. I show that rift stability is closely related to the transition from uniaxial to biaxial extension known as the compressive arch. Although the partial contact of rift walls is fundamentally a three-dimensional process, I demonstrate that it may be parameterized within more numerically efficient two-dimensional calculations. This study constitutes a step towards a first-principle description of iceberg calving due to ice shelf rift propagation.

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Ady, Bridget E., and Richard C. Whittaker. "Examining the influence of tectonic inheritance on the evolution of the North Atlantic using a palinspastic deformable plate reconstruction." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 470, no. 1 (March 19, 2018): 245–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp470.9.

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AbstractTo accurately reconstruct plate configurations, there is a need for a quantitative method to calculate the amount and timing of crustal extension independent of any one model for the formation of rifted margins. This paper evaluates the suitability of the various plate modelling methods for structural inheritance studies and proposes a classification scheme for the methods that are currently in use. A palinspastic deformable margin plate kinematic model is most suitable for tectonic inheritance studies, particularly at hyperextended margins. This type of plate model provides a valuable analytical tool that can be used to show the temporal and spatial relationship between pre-existing orogenic structures, evolving rift axes and global plate reorganization events. We use a palinspastic deformable margin plate model for the southern North Atlantic and Labrador Sea to quantitatively restore up to 350 km of Mesozoic–Cenozoic extension. This provides us with a pre-rift restoration of the Proterozoic and Paleozoic terranes and structural lineaments on the conjugate margins that helps us to analyse their relationship to evolving rift axes and global plate reorganization events through time. Interpretation of these modelling results has led to a clearer understanding of the relationship between inherited structural features and their control on rifting and the break-up history.

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Allen, Janice, and Christopher Beaumont. "Continental margin syn-rift salt tectonics at intermediate width margins." Basin Research 28, no. 5 (May 29, 2015): 598–633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bre.12123.

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Thomas, William A. "Tectonic inheritance at multiple scales during more than two complete Wilson cycles recorded in eastern North America." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 470, no. 1 (February 9, 2018): 337–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp470.4.

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AbstractEastern North America holds clear records of two Wilson cycles and hints of two earlier cycles, through which tectonic inheritance is evident at multiple scales. Large-scale transform offsets of rifted margins indicate inheritance through multiple cycles; transform-parallel intracratonic fault systems suggest a transform-parallel fabric in the lithosphere. Rift segments of the continental margins did not inherit the locations of earlier rifts; synrift intracratonic fault systems follow earlier contractional fabrics of supercontinent assembly. Large-scale curves of the Appalachian–Ouachita orogenic belt (closing of the Iapetus Ocean) mimic the shape of the Iapetan rifted margin of Laurentia. Basins along the Iapetan rifted margin reflect inheritance from transform faults in the greater magnitudes of early post-rift thermal subsidence and later synorogenic tectonic loading and flexural subsidence. Older synrift basement faults buttressed the frontal ramps of Appalachian–Ouachita thin-skinned thrust faults. Basement fault blocks and associated synrift stratigraphic variations in the weak layers that host the regional décollement localized transverse alignments of lateral ramps, as well as tectonic thickening of a mud-dominated graben-fill succession in a ductile duplex (mushwad). The many examples of tectonic inheritance attest to the linkages between processes of successive opening and closing of oceans, as well as the break-up and assembly of supercontinents, through successive Wilson cycles.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Rift Margins"

Cornwell, David Graham. "Magma-assisted continental rift margins : the Ethiopian rift." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30462.

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Continental rifting and incipient seafloor spreading are observed either side of the main Ethiopian rift (MER). EAGLE (the Ethiopia Afar Geoscientific Lithospheric Experiment) included a 400 km-long profile containing 97 passive seismometers to investigate the change from mechanical to magmatic extension by defining the lithospheric structure and extent of magmatism beneath the rifted northern MER. Changes in crustal structure along the cross-rift profile are imaged using forward modelling, H-kappa stacking and non-linear inversion analyses of receiver functions. The lithospheric structure is inherently different beneath the north-western rift flank, rift valley and south-eastern rift flank, with contrasting crustal thickness and composition, upper mantle velocity and lithospheric anisotropy. Magmatic addition is imaged in the form of an 6--18 km-thick underplate lens at the base of the crust beneath the high Ethiopian plateau and zones of intense dyking and partial melt beneath the rift valley. The underplate layer probably formed synchronous with an Oligocene flood basalt event and therefore pre-dates the rifting by ~20 Myr. A 20--30 km-wide magmatic system pervades the entire crust beneath volcanic chains that mark the locus of current rift extension. To the southeast of the rift, a lithospheric suture is inferred, which was created during the Precambrian collision of East and West Gondwana. Collision-related lithospheric fabric is proposed to be the main source of strong anisotropy observed along the entire profile, which is locally augmented by rift-related magmatism. An active followed by passive magma-assisted rifting model that is controlled by a combination of far-field plate stresses, pre-existing lithospheric framework and magmatism is preferred to explain the evolution of the northern MER.

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Davis, Mark Jonathan. "Lithospheric stretching at rifted continental margins." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367652.

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Trout, Mark N. "Sediment transport and deposition across active faulted rift margins." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247727.

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Stephens, Clare. "Mass flow sedimentation adjacent to rift basin margins, central Greece." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367593.

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Couzens, Timothy John. "The rift to drift transition and sequence stratigraphy at passive continental margins." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333509.

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Most passive margins display a prominent breakup unconformity coinciding with the rift to drift transition. The unconformity, as defined by Falvey, (1974) is of broad regional extent affecting both basins and highs and is easily recognised on seismic sections. Criteria for the recognition of the breakup unconformity include an inflection in the subsidence curve, fault terminations and volcanic strata (and/or evaporites) at the level of the unconformity. Falvey considered that it was caused by "erosion during the final uplift pulse associated with pre-breakup upwelling in the mantle". It is more likely that the uplift is caused by magmatic underplating in response to the passive upwelling of the mantle and the flexural isostatic effects of erosion throughout the syn-rift phase. The primary objective has been to quantify the amount of uplift and erosion associated with the breakup unconformity / breakup megasequence boundary. This is of particular importance in hydrocarbon exploration as it quantifies the potential loss of old reservoirs and predicts the provenance of new reservoir clastics. Two data sets, from the Grand Banks and the Northwest Shelf of Australia, have been studied. In both cases there are multiple breakup events and breakup megasequence boundaries form part of a complex tectono-stratigraphy. Regional seismic lines have been interpreted, depth converted and modelled using a new technique of combined reverse post-rift and forward syn-rift modelling. The results of this process, together with seismic megasequence analysis, show that the morphology of the breakup megasequence boundary varies systematically across a passive margin. It is strongly erosional at about 70 km landward of the continentocean boundary, where regional "breakup" uplift outweighs extensionally controlled subsidence, but may be depositional on either side of this zone. A coupled, quantitative magmatic-tectonic model has been constructed by combining the Bickle-McKenzie melt generation model with the flexural cantilever model for continental extension. The magnitude of underplating can be estimated using the Bickle-McKenzie model, in which the amount of melt produced is controlled by the extension factor, ß, and the proximity of a mantle plume convection cell.

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Soares, Duarte. "Sedimentologial and stratigraphical aspects of the syn- to post-rift transition on fully separated conjugate margins." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2014. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/68378/.

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The integration of several industry and scientific 2D seismic surveys with various well data allowed for the first time a detailed analysis of the sedimentological, stratigraphic and architectural changes recorded during syn- to post-rift transitions on passive margins. The Northwest Iberia margin and its conjugate margin of Newfoundland formed the basis for an interpretive model. Comparison with the South Australia�East Antarctica conjugate margins enabled hypothesis testing and premise refinement. The breakup unconformity concept is revised and a more comprehensive term is proposed for the stratigraphic surface recording the transition between syn- and post-rift: the lithospheric breakup surface. This new term: a) discriminates between continental crust breakup and complete lithospheric breakup as verified in several magma-poor margins, and b) takes into account the different character this surface can show according to its position on the margin. The concept of a breakup sequence is proposed as a sedimentary sequence showing a distinct architecture to strata deposited prior to the lithospheric breakup event. The breakup sequence records the depositional changes occurring across the lithospheric breakup surface due to lithospheric adjustments triggered by lithospheric breakup. Contourites were identified for the first time as being associated with lithospheric breakup, supposedly being triggered by the lithospheric plate in-plane stress release occurring at the time of lithospheric breakup. Consequently, it is proposed that contourites can be used as an indicator for established lithospheric breakup. On the East Antarctica margin, a surface usually dated as mid Eocene to early Oligocene by comparison with the conjugate South Australia margin, is dated as latest Maastrichtian�earliest Palaeocene using data from IODP Site 1356. This new date suggests that the surface is a lithospheric breakup surface, which can explain its generation and the overlying strong contouritic deposition.

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Stab, Martin. "Interactions tectono-magmatiques au cours de l’extension des marges volcaniques : nouvelle lecture de l’évolution de la province Afar en tant qu’analogue actif." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066600/document.

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Les marges passives volcaniques, qui représentent plus des trois-quarts des marges passives sur Terre, sont les témoins privilégiés des processus d'extension lithosphérique menant à l'ouverture de nouveaux bassins océaniques. Nous explorons les relations structurales et temporelles qui existent entre le développement des grandes structures qui accommodent l'extension et l'amincissement, et la production magmatique qui lui est associée pendant le développement d'une marge volcanique naissante, accessible à l'observation directe : le point triple Afar en Éthiopie. Nous produisons une nouvelle lecture de la province Afar en tant qu'analogue en devenir des marges volcaniques. L'approche combine (1) une étude de terrain et de datation du volcanisme pour caractériser le timing de la déformation crustale et le style structural du rift pendant les phases les plus précoces, (2) la détermination géochimique de l'évolution des régimes de fusion mantellique au cours de l'extension, (3) la construction d'un modèle régional qui traite de l'évolution des marges volcaniques en lien avec leur segmentation. Nous mettons en évidence un style structural de " magmatic wide rift " en Afar, associé au jeu de grands détachements. Des phases tectoniques ponctuelles alternent avec des périodes de magmatisme plus prolongées. La segmentation précoce syn-rift contrôle le style structural, la mise en place du magma et l'asymétrie des marges. Le break-up correspond à l'amincissement et le remplacement de la croûte initiale par du matériel mafique pour former la première croûte océanique
Volcanic passive margins, that represent more than the three quarters of continental margins worldwide, are privileged witnesses of the lithospheric extension processes that form new oceanic basins. We explore the structural and temporal relationships that exist between the development of the major thinning and stretching structures and the magmatic production associated to them. To do so, we will focus our work on the Afar triple junction, Ethiopia, a nascent volcanic passive margin. The rationale of this work is threefold. First, we present fieldwork analysis with lavas geochronology to determine the timing and style of the rift formation, since the early syn-rift period to present days. Second, we determine how the melting regime evolved in response to the deformation of the crust, through a geochemical study of the pre- to syn-rift lavas. Third, we present a synthetic regional that describes the evolution of the volcanic margins in relationship with their segmentation. Central Afar deformed as a magmatic wide rift, associated with major detachment faults. Punctual tectonic phases alternate with protracted magmatic periods. Early syn-rift segmentation controls the structural style, magma emplacement and asymmetry of the margins. The break-up is reached when the initial crust is thinned and replaced by mafic material to form the first oceanic crust

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Burgess, Peter Mark. "A quantitative forward modelling analysis of the controls on passive rift-margin stratigraphy." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1249833d-ef11-4327-bdbd-5d0c40faa29e.

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A quantitative forward model has been developed to investigate the controls on the deposition, erosion, and preservation of passive rift margin stratigraphy. The model includes thermal subsidence, variable absolute sealevel, flexural isostasy, subaerial and submarine deposition on fluvial and marine equilibrium profiles, and the facility to vary sediment supply through time. Results from the quantitative model can be used to reproduce elements of the sequence stratigraphic depositional model. Conducting sensitivity tests demonstrates that variables such as sediment supply and fluvial profile behaviour are likely to be of equal importance to thermal subsidence and eustasy in passive margin stratigraphy. Sensitivity tests with the quantitative model also demonstrate the problems associated with attempting to use a discretised stratigraphic model to investigate unforced cyclicty resulting from complex interactions in stratigraphic systems. Although the model appears capable of producing such unforced cyclical behaviour, this cyclicity is shown to be due to a numerical instability within the model which occurs with certain initial conditions and assumptions. The applicability of the model to observed stratigraphy is tested by comparing specific model output to patterns of stratigraphy from the North American Atlantic margin. The results from this test demonstrate that although the model is in many respects simplistic when compared to the complexities of natural systems, it is nevertheless capable of reproducing some of the basic elements of the observed stratigraphic patterns.

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Russell, Simon Mark. "A magnetic study of the west Iberia and conjugate rifted continental margins : constraints on rift-to-/drift processes." Thesis, Durham University, 1999. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4358/.

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The analysis and modelling of magnetic anomalies at the conjugate rifted continental margins of the southern Iberia Abyssal Plain (TAP) and Newfoundland Basin have revealed that the sources of magnetic anomalies are distinctly different across both each margin and between the two margins. Analyses of synthetic anomalies and gridded sea surface magnetic anomaly charts west of Iberia and east of Newfoundland were accomplished by the methods of Euler deconvolution, forward and inverse modelling of the power spectrum, reduction-to-the-pole, and forward and inverse indirect methods. In addition, three near-bottom magnetometer profiles were analysed by the same methods in addition to the application of componental magnetometry. The results have revealed that oceanic crust, transitional basement and thinned continental crust are defined by magnetic sources with different characteristics. Over oceanic crust, magnetic sources are present as lava-flow-like bodies whose depths coincide with the top of acoustic basement seen on MCS profiles. Top-basement source depths are consistent with those determined in two other regions of oceanic crust. In the southern IAP, oceanic crust, ~4 km thick with magnetizations up to +1.5 A/m, generated by organized seafloor spreading was first accreted -126 Ma at the position of a N-S oriented segmented basement peridotite ridge. To the west, seafloor spreading anomalies can be modelled at spreading rates of 10 mm/yr or more. Immediately to the east, in a zone -10-20 km in width, I identify seafloor spreading anomahes which can only be modelled assuming variable spreading rates. In the OCT, sources of magnetic anomalies are present at the top of basement and up to -6 km beneath. I interpret the uppermost source as serpentinized peridotite, and the lowermost source as intruded gabbroic bodies which were impeded, whilst rising upwards, by the lower density serpentinized peridotites. Intrusion was accompanied by tectonism and a gradual change in conditions from rifting to seafloor spreading as the North Atlantic rift propagated northwards in Early Cretaceous times. Within thinned continental crust, sources are poorly lineated, and distributed in depth. Scaling relationships of susceptibility are consistent with the sources of magnetic anomalies within continental crust. OCT-type intrusions may be present in the mantle beneath continental crust. At the conjugate Newfoundland margin, seafloor spreading anomalies can be modelled at rates of 8 and 10 mm/yr suggesting an onset age consistent with that of the IAP. In the OCT there, I propose that magnetic anomalies are sourced in near top-basement serpentinized peridotites. An absence of magmatic material and the differences in basement character (with the IAP) suggest that conjugate margin evolution may have been asymmetric.

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Pinto, Victor Hugo. "Linking tectonic evolution with fluid history in hyperextended rifted margins : examples from the fossil Alpine and Pyrenean rift systems, and the present-day Iberia rifted margin." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAH018/document.

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Cette thèse est centrée sur la caractérisation des traceurs des fluides qui interagissent avec les roches du socle et les roches sédimentaires dans les systèmes riftés hyper-amincis exposés dans la Téthys alpine, les Pyrénées et Ibérie-Terre Neuve. L’étude de ces fluides est basée sur les observations géologiques, les analyses géochimiques et les données géophysiques. Deux types de fluides ont été identifiés : les fluides associés à la croûte continentale, avec une signature caractérisée par Si et Ca, ainsi que les fluides liés au manteau en exhumation, avec une signature caractérisée par Si, Mg, Fe, Mn, Ca, Ni, Cr et V. La percolation des fluides est fortement liée à la formation des failles de détachement et à l’évolution des systèmes hyper-amincis. Le flux de fluides dans ces systèmes a des implications importantes pour les changements rhéologiques, pour la nature des sédiments et pour les modifications chimiques des réservoirs de la Terre
This thesis focus in the identification of geochemical tracers and effects of fluid that interact with basement and sedimentary rocks in hyperextended systems. The investigation of such fluids is based on geological observation, geochemical analyses and geophysical data from fossil hyperextended rift systems exposed in the Alps and in the West Pyrenees, and the present-day distal margins of Iberia and Newfoundland. Two types of fluids were identified during this study. The first type, referred to as continental crust-related fluids, has a signature of Si and Ca. The second type, referred to as mantle-related fluids, has a signature of Si, Mg, Fe, Mn, Ca, Ni, Cr and V. The fluid percolation is strongly related to the formation of extensional detachment faults and the evolution of hyperextended systems. Fluid flow in these systems has major implications for the nature of sediments, rheological changes and chemical modifications of the Earth’s reservoirs throughout its evolution

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Книги з теми "Rift Margins"

Mohriak, Webster, and Manik Taiwani, eds. Atlantic Rifts and Continental Margins. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm115.

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Misra, Achyuta Ayan, and Soumyajit Mukherjee. Tectonic Inheritance in Continental Rifts and Passive Margins. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20576-2.

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W, Manspeizer, ed. Triassic-Jurassic rifting: Continental breakup and the origin of the Atlantic Ocean and passive margins. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1988.

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Kinney, Sean Thomas. Re-evaluating the timescale of rift and post-rift magmatism on the Eastern North American Margin via zircon U-Pb geochronology. [New York, N.Y.?]: [publisher not identified], 2021.

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E, Banda, Torné M, Talwani M, and NATO Scientific Affairs Division, eds. Rifted ocean-continent boundaries. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 1995.

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Canada, Geological Survey of. Ancient Western North American Margin: An Alpine Rift Model For the East-Central Canadian Cordillera. S.l: s.n, 1987.

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Struik, L. C. The ancient western North American margin: An alpine rift model for the east-central Canadian Cordillera. Ottawa, Canada: Geological Survey of Canada, 1987.

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R, Evans Kevin, and Aber James S, eds. From Precambrian rift volcanoes to the Mississippian Shelf margin: Geological field excursions in the Ozark Mountains. Boulder, Colo: Geological Society of America, 2010.

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Ulf, Linnemann, ed. The evolution of the Rheic Ocean: From Avalonian-Cadomian active margin to Alleghenian-Variscan collision. Boulder, Colo: Geological Society of America, 2007.

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A, Luzietti Eugene, ed. Shallow deformation along the Crittenden County fault zone near the southeastern margin of the Reelfoot rift, northeastern Arkansas. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1995.

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Частини книг з теми "Rift Margins"

Williams, Frances M. "The Rift Margins and the Great Western Escarpment." In GeoGuide, 225–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02180-5_20.

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Misra, Achyuta Ayan, and Soumyajit Mukherjee. "Role of Lithosphere Rheology on Rift Architecture." In Tectonic Inheritance in Continental Rifts and Passive Margins, 53–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20576-2_5.

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Mohriak, Webster U., Marcelo Bassetto, and Ines S. Vieira. "Tectonic Evolution of the Rift Basins in the Northeastern Brazilian Region." In Atlantic Rifts and Continental Margins, 293–315. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm115p0293.

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Ziegler, Peter A. "Evolution of the Arctic — North Atlantic Rift System." In Earthquakes at North-Atlantic Passive Margins: Neotectonics and Postglacial Rebound, 37–38. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2311-9_3.

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Paton, Douglas. "Post-Rift Deformation of the North East and South Atlantic Margins: Are “Passive Margins” Really Passive?" In Tectonics of Sedimentary Basins, 249–69. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444347166.ch12.

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Fantozzi, P. L., and M. Sgavetti. "Tectonic and sedimentary evolution of the eastern Gulf of Aden continental margins: new structural and stratigraphic data from Somalia and Yemen." In Sedimentation and Tectonics in Rift Basins Red Sea:- Gulf of Aden, 56–76. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4930-3_5.

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Hinz, K., M. Hemmerich, U. Salge, and O. Eiken. "Structures in Rift — Basin Sediments on the Conjugate Margins of Western Tasmania, South Tasman Rise, and Ross Sea, Antarctica." In Geological History of the Polar Oceans: Arctic versus Antarctic, 119–30. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2029-3_7.

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Brune, Sascha. "Rifts and Rifted Margins." In Plate Boundaries and Natural Hazards, 11–37. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119054146.ch2.

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Talwani, Manik, and Vitor Abreu. "Inferences regarding initiation of oceanic crust formation from the U.S. East Coast margin and conjugate South Atlantic margins." In Atlantic Rifts and Continental Margins, 211–33. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm115p0211.

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Heilbron, Monica, Webster U. Mohriak, Cláudio M. Valeriano, Edison J. Milani, Julio Almeida, and Miguel Tupinambá. "From collision to extension: The roots of the southeastern continental margin of Brazil." In Atlantic Rifts and Continental Margins, 1–32. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm115p0001.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Rift Margins"

Stein, Carol, Seth Stein, Reece P. Elling, and Molly Gallahue. "INSIGHTS FROM THE FAILED MIDCONTINENT RIFT INTO THE EVOLUTION OF CONTINENTAL RIFTS, PASSIVE CONTINENTAL MARGINS, AND OTHER FAILED RIFTS." In GSA Connects 2022 meeting in Denver, Colorado. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2022am-377910.

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Baby, G., F. Guillocheau, C. Robin, and M. Dall'Asta. "Post-Rift Vertical Movements Of The Southern African Margins - Implications For The South African Plateau Uplift." In Third EAGE Eastern Africa Petroleum Geoscience Forum. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201702412.

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Sears, James. "INVERTED NEOPROTEROZOIC GRABENS ON WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN AND SIBERIAN RIFT MARGINS: CONJUGATE PIERCING POINTS IN RODINIA?" In Joint 118th Annual Cordilleran/72nd Annual Rocky Mountain Section Meeting - 2022. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2022cd-374244.

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Granath, James, Rolf Rango, Pete Emmet, Colin Ford, Robert Lambert, and Michael Kasli. "New Viewpoint on the Geology and Hydrocarbon Prospectivity of the Seychelles Plateau." In SPE/AAPG Africa Energy and Technology Conference. SPE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/afrc-2556681-ms.

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ABSTRACT We have reprocessed, re-imaged, and interpreted 10000+ km of legacy 2D seismic data in the Seychelles, particularly in the western part of the Plateau. Seychelles data have been difficult to image, particularly for the Mesozoic section: volcanics are a major attenuator of low frequency signal, and a hard water bottom contributes to signal problems. Enhanced low frequency techniques were applied to improve the signal fidelity in the 4 to 20 Hz range, and to remove spectral notches of shallow geologic origin. These efforts have allowed a reasonable view of the structure of the Plateau to a depth equivalent to about 3.5 sec TWT, and permit a comparison of areas atop the Plateau to the south coast where the three 1980's Amoco wells were drilled. It is clear that the main Plateau area of the Seychelles (excluding the outlying territories) is comprised of several separate basins, each with similar Karoo, Cretaceous, and Cenozoic sections that relate to the East African and West Indian conjugate margins, but the basins each have nuanced tectono-stratigraphic histories. The previously recognized Correira Basin in the SE and the East and West South Coast Basins face the African conjugate margin; other unimaged ones complete the periphery of the Plateau. The interior of the Plateau is dominated by the Silhouette Basin to the west of the main islands and the Mahé Basin to the east. The co astal basins have harsh tectono-thermal histories comparable to other continental margins around the world; they are typically characterized by stretching, subsidence and breakaway from their respective conjugate margins. In contrast the interior basins are comparable to ‘failed’ rift systems such as the North Sea or the Gulf of Suez. The South Coastal Basins, for example, tend to be more extended which complicated interpretation of the Amoco wells, but they have significant upside, as exemplified by the Beau Vallon structure. The interior basins, on the other hand, have typically simpler structure: the Silhouette Basin contains a system of NW-trending linked normal faults that could easily harbor North Sea-sized hydrocarbon traps with a variety of rift-related reservoir possibilities. Bright, reflective, hard volcanic horizons are less common than usually presumed, but most of the basins may contain considerable pyroclastic material in parts of the section. All of the basins appear to be predominantly oil prone, with considerable upside prospectivity.

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Pindell, J., T. Heyn, and K. Reuber. "Early Post-Rift Dynamo-Thermal Subsidence and Stratigraphic Architecture as Magma-Rich Rifted Margins Move off Plumes." In Third HGS and EAGE Conference on Latin America. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202188018.

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Stockli, Daniel F. "TEXAS THREE STEP – THE EXHUMATION AND EXPOSURE HISTORY OF THE LLANO UPLIFT ALONG THE LAURENTIA AND GULF OF MEXICO RIFT MARGINS." In 51st Annual GSA South-Central Section Meeting - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017sc-289335.

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Granath, James, and William Dickson. "Regionally Connected Structural Systems: The Power of the Big (Continental-Scale) Picture." In SPE/AAPG Africa Energy and Technology Conference. SPE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/afrc-2571578-ms.

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ABSTRACT Beyond offshore West Africa where modern densely-sampled data from ships and satellites have played a key role in current understanding of passive margin evolution, Africa is in general rather unevenly known, especially in the subsurface in more remote areas. The GIS-based Exploration Fabric of Africa (EFA, the ‘Purdy project’) was designed to address that problem. It includes structural features such as faults and basin outlines but at a very high and often generalized level, divorced from their underlying genetic linkages. We have undertaken to compile a more detailed tectonic synthesis aimed to integrate understanding of the oceanic margins with the continental realm. This is an overlay to EFA with a variety of public domain, published, non-exclusive, and derivatives of proprietary work at a closer and more detailed level, importantly guided by known patterns of structural styles. Potential field (gravity and magnetic) data provide guidance in locating, extending, and connecting key mapped features; we then rely on the kinematic patterns to predict missing details in a testable interpretation. The result is a detailed structural features map that can function as a framework within which to target and prioritize both conventional and unconventional activity by operators and licensing/regulatory organizations. We illustrate the process in theory and in practice along the Central African Rift System (CARS), where data is sparse. This fault linkage systems approach has flagged underexplored areas where unmapped structure is likely that could, for example, be targeted with hi-resolution geophysical data. A similar system to CARS appears to cross southern Africa from Namibia to Tanzania – a “Southern Trans-African Rift system" or STARS. Exploration in the eastern Owambo Basin resulted in the mapping of a pull-apart basin from depth-to-basement inversion of high-resolution magnetic data and subsequently studied with structural modeling. Thinking in terms of such fault and structural systems, this ‘Kavango Basin’ can be related along strike to the Karoo Basins in Eastern Africa via features such as the Omaruru lineament, implying the possibility of a fairway of extensional basins and shears across the continent that are not obvious in existing low-resolution data. STARS represents a blue-sky frontier concept for both conventional and nonconventional exploration potentially offering new exploration leads, the ultimate objective of big picture work.

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Escalona, A., R. Tasrianto, M. J. Young, N. T. Grant, and C. D. Hirning. "Rift Segmentation and Domain Architecture of Lofoten-Vesterålen margin (LVM), Offshore Norway." In EAGE/AAPG Workshop on Basin-Margin Wedge Exploration Plays. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20131995.

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Pall, I. C., M. B. Gordon, J. Angelier, and P. L. Hancock. "Cenozoic Brittle Deformation in the Central Arabian Plate: Implications for the Tectonics of the Middle East." In International Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/igs-2022-192.

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Abstract Jurassic to Eocene sedimentary rocks in central Arabia have been deformed by faulting and jointing. We measured these structures in the field. Paleostress directions from these data demonstrate that successive extensional events occurred. Introduction The effects on platforms of distal tectonic events can be used to study the deformation in front of mountain belts (Bergerat, 1987) or between more highly deformed regions (Bergerat et al., 1992). These studies may yield clues to the directions of plate motion which may be difficult to decipher within the mountain belts due to the complexity of the deformation, or they may aid in determining the deformation process. Unlike regions previously studied in this context, the Arabian Platform is not just in front of a mountain belt such as the West European Platform (Bergerat, 1987) nor trapped between deformed zones such as the Colorado Plateau (Bergerat et al., 1992), but is the foreland of the Bitlis/Zagros/Oman deformation belt and is also near the Red Sea/Gulf of Aden which have been forming as small ocean basins simultaneously with convergence in the mountain belt. Previous workers have argued that the Red Sea/Gulf of Aden could not have formed as a "passive" rift related to the formation of the Bitlis/Zagros belt because the Arabian Platform is undeformed. In this paper, we show that the central Arabian platform has indeed been deformed and we link its deformation to tectonic events occurring on the margins of the Arabian plate supporting models for a passive origin of the Red Sea/Gulf of Aden (Gordon and Hempton, 1986; Hempton, 1987; Bohannon et al., 1989).

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B. Gibbs, Peter, Eugene R.Brush, and Joseph C. Fiduk. "The evolution of the syn rift and transition phases of the central / southern Brazilian and W. African conjugate margins: the implications for source rock distribution in time and space, and their recognition on seismic data." In 8th International Congress of the Brazilian Geophysical Society. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.168.arq_433.

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Dafoe, L. T., K. Dickie, and G. L. Williams. Stratigraphy of western Baffin Bay: a review of existing knowledge and some new insights. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/321846.

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Sedimentary basins within the Labrador-Baffin Seaway are the product of rifting between Greenland and the paleo-North American Plate. Rifting started in the Early Cretaceous, with seafloor spreading initiated in the Paleocene and ending near the Eocene-Oligocene boundary. A change in the spreading direction in the latest Paleocene resulted in transform offsets in the Davis Strait and along fracture zones in Baffin Bay, with deformation in northern Baffin Bay during the Eurekan Orogeny. Since the stratigraphy of western Baffin Bay is poorly constrained, analogues are used from the well studied Labrador and West Greenland margins and exposures on nearby Bylot Island. The generally northwest-trending basement structures are infilled with Cretaceous strata, which are overlain by a seaward-thickening wedge of post-rift Paleocene to Middle Miocene sedimentary rocks. Finally, a thick Middle Miocene and younger interval blankets the deep water and oceanic crust, with clinoforms locally developed on the shelf.

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Gregersen, U., P. C. Knutz, G. K. Pedersen, H. Nøhr-Hansen, J. R. Ineson, L. M. Larsen, J R Hopper, et al. Stratigraphy of the West Greenland Margin. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/321849.

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The stratigraphy and the geological evolution of the West Greenland margin from the Labrador Sea to Baffin Bay in both the onshore and offshore areas are described. The primary data sets include seismic reflection surveys, wells, and outcrops. In addition, seabed samples, seismic refraction and magnetic data, onshore and offshore maps, and stratigraphic compilations were used. The basins of the West Greenland continental margin are described in three regions from the south to the north: southern West Greenland basins, central West Greenland basins, and northern West Greenland basins. Each region includes a description of the stratigraphy and evolution from the Archean to the Quaternary, divided into six phases: pre-rift and early extension, early rift, subsidence and rifting, late rift, drift, and post-drift. Finally, the regions are correlated and described in a tectonostratigraphic context together with analogues from the Canadian conjugate margin.

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Keen, C. E., K. Dickie, L. T. Dafoe, T. Funck, J. K. Welford, S A Dehler, U. Gregersen, and K J DesRoches. Rifting and evolution of the Labrador-Baffin Seaway. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/321854.

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The evolution of the 2000 km long Mesozoic rift system underlying the Labrador-Baffin Seaway is described, with emphasis on results from geophysical data sets, which provide the timing, sediment thickness, and crustal structure of the system. The data sets include seismic reflection and refraction, gravity, and magnetic data, with additional constraints provided by near-surface geology and well data. Many features that characterize rift systems globally are displayed, including: wide and narrow rift zones; magma-rich and magma-poor margin segments; exhumation of continental mantle in distal, magma-poor zones; and occurrences of thick basalts, associated with the development of seaward-dipping reflectors, and magmatic underplating. The magma-rich regions were affected by Paleogene volcanism, perhaps associated with a hotspot or plume. Plate reconstructions help elucidate the plate tectonic history and modes of rifting in the region; however, many questions remain unanswered with respect to this rift system.

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Cecile, M. P., B. S. Norford, G. S. Nowlan, and T. T. Uyeno. Lower Paleozoic stratigraphy and geology, Richardson Mountains, Yukon (with stratigraphic and paleontological appendices). Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329454.

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The Richardson Trough was a rift basin on the southern margin of an ancestral Iapetus Ocean. It was part of a complex paleogeography that included at least two major rift basins on western Franklinian and northern Cordilleran continental shelves. This paleogeography included the Ogilvie Arch, Porcupine Platform, Blackstone 'supra-basin', Babbage Basin, Husky Lakes Arch, Richardson Trough, Mackenzie Arch, Lac des Bois Platform, and the White Mountains and Campbell uplifts. The Richardson Trough was the failed arm of a triple rift system that formed when an early Paleozoic Iapetus Ocean developed north of the trough. The Richardson Trough displays a classic 'steer's head' profile with two rift fill cycles. The first features late early to middle late Cambrian rifting and late late Cambrian to late Early Ordovician post-rift subsidence; the second, late Early Ordovician to early Silurian rifting and late early Silurian to early Middle Devonian post-rift subsidence. Lower Paleozoic strata exposed in the Richardson Trough range in age from middle Cambrian to early Middle Devonian and are similar to strata in their sister rift, the Misty Creek Embayment. Before this study, the stratigraphic units defined for the Richardson Trough were the Slats Creek Formation and the Road River Formation. Here, the Slats Creek Formation and a new Road River Group are recognized. In order, this group consists of the middle and/or late Cambrian to Early Ordovician Cronin Formation; the early Early Ordovician to latest early Silurian Mount Hare Formation; the early Silurian to late Silurian Tetlit Formation; and the late Silurian to early Middle Devonian Vittrekwa Formation. These Road River Group strata are unconformably overlain by the late Middle to Late Devonian Canol Formation (outcrop) and by the Early Devonian Tatsieta Formation (subsurface).

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Dafoe, L. T., K. J. DesRoches, and G. L. Williams. A structural and stratigraphic framework for the western Davis Strait region. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/321831.

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Western Davis Strait lies within the Labrador-Baffin Seaway rift system, which began forming in the Early Cretaceous as Greenland separated from North America. At chron C27n (Danian), regional seafloor spreading began, as well as significant magmatism. The opening direction changed from southeast-northwest to more north-south in the Thanetian-Ypresian between chrons C25n and C24n, resulting in significant strike-slip motion through the Davis Strait region until seafloor spreading ended at chron C13, near the Eocene-Oligocene boundary. This tectonism has influenced the stratigraphy preserved in basins within western Davis Strait, including confirmed Cretaceous successions in the Lady Franklin Basin and Cumberland Sound; however, regional overprinting of Paleocene-Eocene volcanic rocks obscures pre-rift basement and possible older strata over much of the region. Three industry wells and several seabed samples of bedrock help constrain the stratigraphic distribution of Cretaceous and Cenozoic strata based on the lithostratigraphy of the well sampled Labrador margin.

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Struik, L. C. The Ancient western North American Margin: An Alpine Rift Model For the East - Central Canadian Cordillera. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/122388.

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Williamson, M. C., R. C. Courtney, C. E. Keen, and S. A. Dehler. Relationship between crustal deformation and magmatism in rift zones: modelling approach and applications to the eastern Canadian margin. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/194122.

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Harrison, J. C., J. H. Wall, T. A. Brent, T. P. Poulton, and E H Davies. Rift-related structures in Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous strata near the Canadian polar margin, Yukon Territory, Northwest Territories, and Nunavut. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/210852.

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