Готові списки джерел за темами / RETENTION OF PRODUCT

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "RETENTION OF PRODUCT"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 11 вересня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "RETENTION OF PRODUCT"

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Yeo, Bee Li, and Rozita Naina Mohamed. "Assessing Customer Emotion Product Relationship and Customer Retention Towards Halal Cosmetic Products." GATR Journal of Management and Marketing Review 1, no. 1 (December 9, 2016): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/jmmr.2016.1.1(3).

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Objective - Retailers today have acknowledged that incorporating great customer emotionproduct relationship can lead to total customer retention. In this paper an overview of the existing literature on customer emotion is provided before it is examined for the creation of customer emotion product relationship from a holistic perspective. Methodology/Technique - A conceptual model which discusses the determinants of customer emotion towards Halal cosmetic products is provided. This is then followed by taking an explicit dynamic view of the importance of the retail service quality and Halal advertising, factors that can influence customer emotion and customer retention. Data collection was based on 414 sets of questionnaires which were distributed to Malaysian consumers. The PLS-SEM analysis was used to identify the relationships between retail service quality and Halal advertising, customer emotion and customer retention. Findings – Relations were found between retail service quality, customer emotion product relationship and customer retention of Malaysian customers for Halal cosmetic products. Novelty - The findings of this study provided some insights to managers in future strategy planning by identifying the important factors affecting customer emotion product relationship and customer retention. Type of Paper - Empirical Keywords: Halal Cosmetics; Retail Service Quality; Halal Advertising; Customer Emotion Product Relationship; Customer Retention JEL Classification: M11, M31.
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Moldoveanu, SC, and W. III Coleman. "A Pilot Study to Assess Solanesol Levels in Exhaled Cigarette Smoke." Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research 23, no. 3 (December 1, 2008): 144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2013-0857.

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AbstractThis paper describes the results obtained during the measurement of the level of solanesol in exhaled cigarette smoke from human subjects. The study was performed with three different cigarettes with U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) ‘tar’ values of 5.0 mg, 10.6 mg, and 16.2 mg. The number of human subjects was ten smokers for each of the evaluated products, each subject smoking three cigarettes within one hour. The exhaled smoke was collected using a vacuum assisted procedure that avoids strain in exhaling, and the solanesol was analyzed using an original high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique. The cigarette butts from the smokers were collected and also analyzed for solanesol. The results obtained for the cigarette butts from the smokers were used to calculate the level of solanesol delivered to the smoker, based on calibration curves. These curves were generated separately by analyzing the solanesol in smoke and in the cigarette butts obtained by machine smoking under different puffing regimes. Knowing the levels of solanesol delivered to the smoker and the exhaled levels it was possible to calculate the retention and retention % of this compound from mainstream smoke for different cigarettes types. The amount of retained solanesol is the lowest for the 5.0 mg ‘tar’ product, and the highest for the 16.2 mg ‘tar’ product, although there is not much difference between the 10.6 mg ‘tar’ product and the 16.2 mg ‘tar’ product. For the 10.6 mg ‘tar’ cigarettes the retention % was between 60% and 72%, for the 5.0 mg product the retention % was slightly lower ranging between 53% and 70%, while for the 16.2 mg ‘tar’ product, the retention % was slightly higher ranging between 62% and 82%.A statistical analysis of the retention % data using ANOVA single factor analysis showed that the 10.6 mg ‘tar’ cigarette is not different from the 16.2 mg ‘tar’ product while the retention % for the 5.0 mg ‘tar’ cigarette was statistically different from the other two products. The values for the retention % of solanesol by human smokers as found in this study were in very good agreement with the few reported results in the literature.
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Kassel, Ben, and Patrick David. "Long-Term Retention of Product Model Data." Journal of Ship Production 23, no. 02 (May 1, 2007): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.2007.23.2.118.

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This paper discusses strategies for the long-term data retention of Weapons System Information based on the Standard for the Exchange of Product Model data and the development of a set of product model test data.
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Bagheri, Hadi, and Sepideh Abbaszadeh. "Effect of Cold Plasma on Quality Retention of Fresh-Cut Produce." Journal of Food Quality 2020 (December 7, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8866369.

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In recent years, the consumption of the fresh-cut products has been increased due to the consumers’ lifestyle and awareness. However, maintaining the quality and nutritional value of these products during storage is being difficult in comparison to whole fruits and vegetables. In actual, the procedures used in the fresh-cut industry may intensify the deterioration caused by physical damage by minimal processing. Commonly, the quality degradation, discolouration, loss of moisture, loss of firmness, microbial load increase, and loss of nutrients and flavor occur in the fresh-cut product after minimal processing. To maintain the quality and increase the shelf-life of the fresh-cut product, it is necessary to use various techniques, including physical, chemical, and nondestructive processes. In this review, first, an introduction to minimal processing and its effect on fresh-cut product quality was expressed, and then, the methods used to maintain fresh-cut product quality after minimal processing were reviewed. Finally, the effect of cold plasma on the qualitative characteristics in some fresh-cut products was investigated. The review showed that cold plasma treatments can significantly inhibit microorganisms and extend the shelf-life of fresh-cut products. In addition, no or minimal impacts were observed on physicochemical and organoleptic quality attributes of the treated fresh-cut products. Therefore, the use of cold plasma is promising for the fresh-cut industry.
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Al-Rudainy, Basel, Mats Galbe, Frank Lipnizki, and Ola Wallberg. "Galactoglucomannan Recovery with Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Membranes: Process Performance and Cost Estimations." Membranes 9, no. 8 (August 10, 2019): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes9080099.

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In this study, we compared the GR51PP (hydrophobic/polysulfone) membrane with a series of hydrophilic (regenerated cellulose) membranes with the aim of increasing the retention of products and decreasing membrane fouling. The raw material used was a sodium-based spent sulfite liquor from the sulfite pulping process of spruce and pine. The results show that the hydrophilic membranes were superior to the hydrophobic membranes in terms of higher fluxes (up to twice the magnitude), higher product retentions and less fouling (up to five times lower fouling). The fouling was probably caused by pore blocking as observed in earlier studies. However, the hydrophilic membranes had a lower affinity for lignin, which was indicated by the lower retention and fouling. This also resulted in a separation degree, which was higher compared with the hydrophobic membrane, thus yielding a higher galactoglucomannan (GGM) purity. 2D HSQC NMR results show that no major structural differences were present in the hydrophilic and hydrophobic retentates. A techno-economical evaluation resulted in the RC70PP being chosen as the most cost-efficient membrane in terms of flux and product recovery.
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Nguyen, Giang Tien, Du Huy Nguyen, and Mai Anh Nguyen. "Synthesis of the reversed stationary phase for solid phase extraction using trimethoxyoctadecyl silane." Science and Technology Development Journal 19, no. 1 (March 31, 2016): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v19i1.536.

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Octadecyl grafting silica was synthesized using trimethoxyoctadecyl silane. Reaction conditions were optimized so that the carbon percentage of resulted material was similar to that of commercial products. Temperature and catalyst played very important roles in the reaction. The material was also undergone the end-capping process to reduce unreacted silanol groups. Final product owned 14.1 % of carbon content and 75 % of the unreacted silanols. Retention behavior of product was tested and compared to the same noes available on the market. Results showed that both resulted material and commercial had the same retention properties.
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MÄKYNEN, J. M., J. K. JOKINIEMI, A. AUVINEN, T. ROUTAMO, and H. TUOMISTO. "FISSION PRODUCT RETENTION EXPERIMENTS IN THE HORIZON FACILITY." Journal of Aerosol Science 32 (September 2001): 591–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-8502(21)00272-x.

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Siegel, Michael J. "Reimagining the retention problem: Moving our thinking from end-product to by-product." About Campus 15, no. 6 (January 2011): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abc.20043.

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Herlambang, Hendi. "Six Sigma Implementation in Connector and Terminals Manufacturing Company : A Case Study." IJIEM - Indonesian Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management 1, no. 1 (August 25, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/ijiem.v1i1.9305.

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This research was conducted at an electronic component company located in Bekasi, Indonesia. Quality is a characteristic of this company, with the company's mission, one of which is eliminating customer claims. The application of the Six Sigma DMAIC method is expected to be used as a guideline for making durable product quality and reducing the high variation in the manufacturing process for bullet type products. This study aims to determine the variables of the factors that can affect the retention force value of bullet type terminal products, using the Taguchi method experiment. The research results with the Taguchi method experiment found that three variables affect the product retention force value, namely the largest outer diameter dimension, the most significant input diameter size dimension, and the smallest length position size dimension. After monitoring and data collection on the retention force dimension, it was found that the overall Cp process capability was 3.38, and Cpk was 1.58, so it could be said that the machine performance was excellent and stable.
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Borle, Sharad, Peter Boatwright, Joseph B. Kadane, Joseph C. Nunes, and Shmueli Galit. "The Effect of Product Assortment Changes on Customer Retention." Marketing Science 24, no. 4 (November 2005): 616–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mksc.1050.0121.

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Дисертації з теми "RETENTION OF PRODUCT"

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Hussain, Mushtaq, and Pratibha Ranabhat. "Influence of service and product quality on customer retention, A Swedish grocery store." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för ekonomi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-14762.

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Aim: The aim of this study is to examine and compare the importance of services and products in grocery store and to study the effects of services and products on customer retention. Method: This study is quantitative and data is collected by conducting a survey. Primary data is collected through questionnaires by visiting the stores in two cities of Sweden, namely Bollnäs and Gävle. In order to study the importance of service and products, importance scale is used in the questionnaire. Comparative analysis is used to analyze the data. Results & Conclusions: The results show that customers are more concerned about the quality of products rather than quality of services. Further, it is found that among all service elements, personal interaction is considered more important whereas, among products elements, quality of products has most influence on customer decisions. After the comparison of services and products, we found out that product quality influences customer retention to a greater extent. Suggestions for future research: Research always continues and could be followed up with more perception dimensions either from customers’ perspectives or from managerial perspectives. Future research can be conducted to study managerial perception of service and product quality. Furthermore, future research can be conducted to find out other factors that determine customer retention. Customers from multiple stores and larger cities can also be the theme for future researches. Contribution of the study: This study helps retail business to build strong customer base by focusing first on quality of products and then services. Further this helps firms to know how customer’s decision making is affected. Firms with limited resources can first focus on product improvement then on services.
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Bäcklund, Emma. "Growth rate control of periplasmic product retention in Escherichia coli." Licentiate thesis, KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4732.

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The recombinant product is secreted to the periplasm in many processes where E. coli is used as host. One drawback with secretion is the undesired leakage of the periplasmic products to the medium.

The aim of this work was to find strategies to influence the periplasmic retention of recombinant products. We have focused on the role of the specific growth rate, a parameter that is usually controlled in industrial bioprocesses. The hypothesis was that the stability of the outer membrane in E. coli is gained from a certain combination of specific phospholipids and fatty acids on one side and the amount and specificity of the outer membrane proteins on the other side, and that the specific growth rate influences this structure and therefore can be used to control the periplasmic retention.

We found that is possible to control the periplasmic retention by the growth rate. The leakage of the product increased as the growth rate increased. It was however also found that a higher growth rate resulted in increased productivity. This resulted in equal amounts of product inside the cells regardless of growth rate.

We also showed that the growth rate influenced the outer membrane composition with respect to OmpF and LamB while OmpA was largely unaffected. The total amount of outer membrane proteins decreased as the growth rate increased. There were further reductions in outer membrane protein accumulation when the recombinant product was secreted to the periplasm. The lowered amount of outer membrane proteins may have contributed to the reduced ability for the cell to retain the product in the periplasm.

The traditional way to control the growth rate is through a feed of substrate in a fed-batch process. In this work we used strains with a set of mutations in the phosphotransferase system (PTS) with a reduced uptake rate of glucose to investigate if these strains could be used for growth rate control in batch cultivations without the use of fed-batch control equipment. The hypothesis was that the lowering of the growth rate on cell level would result in the establishment of fed-batch similar conditions.

This study showed that it is possible to control the growth rate in batch cultivations by using mutant strains with a decreased level of substrate uptake rate. The mutants also produced equivalent amounts of acetic acid as the wild type did in fed-batch cultivation with the same growth rate. The oxygen consumption rates were also comparable. A higher cell density was reached with one of the mutants than with the wild type in batch cultivations. It is possible to control the growth rate by the use of the mutants in small-scale batch cultivations without fed-batch control equipment.

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Bäcklund, Emma. "Growth rate control of periplasmic product retention in Escherichia coli /." Stockholm : School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4732.

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Lundin, Michael. "Knowledge retention and reuse : supporting engineering decisions in simulation-driven product development." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Produkt- och produktionsutveckling, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-26539.

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Information exchange is becoming more and more important as modern manufacturers increasingly rely on integrated product development. Research shows that designers may not be aware of existing information or be willing to disrupt their work to search for the relevant information. One part of the answer to issues related to understanding, availability and actual consideration is context. The research trend in knowledge sharing seems to be moving towards integration of additional platform-independent applications and lightweight product representations to accommodate contextual communication, even though findings suggest user reservation to additional applications. The part Computer Aided Design and Engineering systems play in the product lifecycle however continues to expand, as is the concept of Simulation-Driven Design as a means of ensuring downstream product lifecycle consideration. The underlying purpose of the research presented in this thesis is essentially to, enable and ensure awareness, access and understanding of product and process related information, for relevant actors, during relevant activities and within relevant environments.The proposed approach serves to enable, and to an extent ensure, contextual decision support within the early stages of product development, thus increasing the foundation for continued understanding and overall development. The approach has been implemented, and the resulting demonstrator includes but a few examples of how heavyweight technologies can, and to an extent should be used to ensure a better foundation for design decisions. The presented approach is a general way of not only enabling Simulation-Driven Design capabilities, but ensuring that they in fact have the desired impact. Investigations and demonstrator evaluations show that access to supporting tools and relevant information has to be made readily and contextually available. These have to be intuitive, integrated into the environment where they are needed, and ultimately be perceived as a natural part of daily development in order for them to be accepted and used. It is important to realise that the tools themselves are no cure-alls, nor are they replacements for purposeful communication and conscious consideration to all aspects of the product lifecycle. Still, transparency and an educational approach to tool development could be a catalyst, an entry point towards ensuring insight and understanding, so that each actor in turn can act with consideration to the product lifecycle as a whole, instead of just the task at hand.
Godkänd; 2012; 20120507 (miclun); LICENTIATSEMINARIUM Ämnesområde: Datorstödd maskinkonstruktion/Computer Aided Design Examinator: Docent Mats Näsström, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, Luleå tekniska universitet Diskutant: Teknisk doktor Martin Helgoson, AB Sandvik Coromant Tid: Torsdag den 14 juni 2012 kl 10.00 Plats: E231, Luleå tekniska universitet
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Terrell, Jonathan Trent Weaver Charles A. "Eyewitness testimony in civil litigation retention, suggestion, and misinformation in product identification /." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/5162.

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Widlund, Matilda. "Product-Led Growth - The Future of User Acquisition, Expansion and Retention for SaaS Companies." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-448837.

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In today's society, technology has been given a more prominent role. The amount of digital products is increasing exponentially and people have a large range of products to choose from. Consequently, the competitiveness between companies is great. This has called upon the emergence of a business model named Product-Led Growth (PLG). PLG is about how to develop a product so that it, with its features and properties, itself acquires, activates and retains customers. The goalis to create a viral product without extensive marketing. This Master's Thesis examines PLG and underlying theories. It presents a prototype of a framework for what a product development process with aPLG strategy could look like for a SaaS company. The work is carried outwith a qualitative research study with semi-structured interviews and a thematic analysis. The work demonstrates how PLG can be implemented in astructured product development process. The work also suggests that PLGis not only a method for product development, but also a method forbeing successful in the market. The method highlights the importance of creating a virality, which is integrated from the beginning of the development process. A main component in PLG is to allow customers to participate in product development, so that a value gap does not arise between users' expectations and what the product delivers.
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Xue, Meng. "Development, relative retention, and oviposition of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (herbst), on different starches." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/7055.

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Master of Science
Department of Grain Science and Industry
Subramanyam Bhadriraju
The development, relative retention, and oviposition of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), on six different types of starches, wheat flour, and wheat flour plus yeast were investigated in the laboratory. The particle size of starch and flours were different; the mean size of 90% of particles for starches ranged from 15 μm for high amylose corn starch to 58 μm for potato, whereas that of the flour was ≤ 133 μm. Larval length, head capsule width, and weight gain of T. castaneum larvae were measured every 3 d on starches, flour, and flour plus 5% (by wt) yeast diet for 30 d at 28oC, 65% r.h., and 14:10 (L:D) photoperiod. Larvae reared on flour and flour plus yeast developed normally and showed better survival compared to those reared on starches. Larvae on the starches failed to develop beyond second, and rarely, third instars. Adults of T. castaneum did not show any preference to flour over starches in dual-choice tests in circular arenas. On average, T. castaneum laid less than 3 eggs/female over a 15-d period on starches compared to 97 and 109 eggs/female on flour and flour plus yeast diet, respectively. These studies suggest that starches are poor substrates for larval survival and development. Starches were as attractive as flour to adults; however, starches do not appear to be a suitable medium for egg-laying. Both aggregation pheromone and volatiles did not trigger oviposition behavior. Experiments by moving adults between wheat starch and wheat flour and vice versa showed that feeding on wheat flour was necessary for egg-laying, indicating the absence of essential nutrients in wheat starch. On wheat flour, feeding for 0.5 d was necessary to lay eggs. Females that were starved failed to lay eggs, reinforcing that the nutrional status of females and not males was essential for egg-laying. A minimum of 4% of wheat gluten (wheat protein) elicited egg-laying on starches, although 4-5 times fewer eggs were laid in starch gluten compared with wheat flour alone. Supplementing wheat starch with 1% cholesterol, in addition, to gluten, did not result in an increase in egg-laying by T. castaneum females. These findings suggest that starches may have potential in managing development and reproduction of T. castaneum—a pest that is common and severe in food-processing facilities. Furthermore, starches can be used as a suitable substrate for studying the nutritional ecology of T. castaneum.
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Phillips, Gary Pelham. "Effect of Solids Retention Time on Activated Sludge Properties and Effluent Quality." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46517.

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The effect of solids retention time (SRT) or sludge age on activated sludge properties and effluent quality was investigated using laboratory scale reactors. It was found that an increase in SRT resulted in an increase in effluent solution polysaccharide, with the < 3,000 daltons (3K) size fraction contributing up to 68 percent of solution polysaccharides. The feed consisted of low molecular weight, readily degradable protein, suggesting that the observed increases in protein and polysaccharide were due to increased release of exocellular microbial product (EMP). The increase in solution protein and polysaccharide resulted in an increase in effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD). The increase in effluent COD was not accompanied by a similar increase in effluent biological oxygen demand (BOD), indicating that the EMPs released were resistant to biodegradation. At the highest SRT, the resistance to shear decreased and the capillary suction time (CST) increased. Following an initial increase, the sludge volume index (SVI) decreased at higher SRT.
Master of Science
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Norman, Andrew Tyler. "Cross-promotion in marketing: An examination of the effects of product fit and brand fit on memory retention and attitude formation." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284103.

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This dissertation explores the manner in which a marketing strategy known as cross-promotion affects consumer processing and evaluation of promotional information. Specifically, variation in key dimensions of cross-promotion is examined to determine the effects on attitude formation and memory retention. Cross-promotion is defined as any promotion that combines two or more different products and brands in a cooperative manner. Based on the presence of both multiple products and multiple brands, a unique aspect of cross-promotion is the two-dimensional nature of fit on both the brand and the product levels. It is this two-dimensional fit that is examined as the key variable that affects both memory and attitude. Literature in the fields of cognitive and social psychology provides a foundation for the development of a theoretical framework of cross-promotion. Specifically, the concepts of categorization and congruency provide a relevant application of the how distinct items present in a given context affect cognitive and evaluative processes. Based on this literature, it is proposed that brand fit and product fit each affect different dimensions of elaboration in distinct manners. The involvement of elaboration processes in cross-promotional evaluation leads to the logical development of hypothesized relationships between cross-promotional fit and memory and attitude. A 2 x 2 factorial experiment is designed as a means of testing the hypotheses. Using original print advertisements as stimuli, participants are presented with cross-promotional material in a laboratory setting and tested for levels of the dependent measures. The data from this study are examined through a series of ANOVAs. Results provide partial support for the hypotheses. The most interesting finding is the confirmation that a low level of brand fit, crossed with a high level of product fit, can actually lead to the highest level of memory retention and the development of more positive attitudes than when both dimensions of fit are high.
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Troxel, Cameron Francis. "Life cycle analysis of sediment control devices." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/49105.

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Sediment control devices (SCDs) are critical to reducing the contamination of waterways from adjacent construction sites. Perimeter sediment controls retard the flow of surface runoff water originating on site and subsequently reduce solid, nutrient, and metal concentrations suspended in the flowing water. Silt fence is a commonly used SCD comprised of geotextile filter fabric, steel or wood support posts, and wire mesh reinforcement. The Georgia Department of Transportation (GDOT) uses an extensive amount of silt fence every year, and because of high degradation of geotextile in the field, the silt fence installations are rarely recycled. This research measures the performance of five SCDs (two types of silt fence, mulch berm, compost sock, and straw bales) at suspended solid, turbidity, nutrient, and metal reduction. A life cycle analysis (LCA) is performed to identify environmental impacts associated with material production, assembly, installation, use on site, and disposal. An impact analysis is performed according to for each SCD. Results of the impact analysis are compared to determine the SCD with lowest overall environmental impact. Results of the SCD performance study show that silt fence installations performed the best at reducing suspended solids and turbidity, mulch was best at reducing nutrients, and compost was the best at reducing metal concentrations. The life cycle impact analysis indicates that a mulch berm is the SCD with the lowest overall environmental impact. The impact analysis included global warming potential, acidification, eutrophication, and aquatic toxicity.
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Книги з теми "RETENTION OF PRODUCT"

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Salhani, Sandra A. The effects of generative and rhetorical questions upon retention of product brand names. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, Department of Psychology, 1997.

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Office, General Accounting. Insurance, activity under the Product Liability Risk Retention Act of 1981: Briefing report to the honorable Edward F. Feighan, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: GAO, 1986.

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Barrett, Edward T. Implementation report, Liability Risk Retention Act of 1986. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, 1987.

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4

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service, ed. The risk retention acts: How effective are they? [Washington, D.C.]: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 1990.

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S, Breakstone Donald, and American Bar Association. Tort and Insurance Practice Section., eds. Cushioning against insurance cycles: The role of risk retention and purchasing groups. [Chicago, Ill.]: Tort and Insurance Practice Section, American Bar Association, 1989.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Small Business. Subcommittee on Regulation, Business Opportunities, and Energy. Federal job retention programs for distressed timber communities. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1990.

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Fliehman, Deborah G. Customer retention through quality leadership: The Baxter approach. Milwaukee, Wis: ASQC Quality Press, 1993.

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Mooney, James E. Liability risk retention: Choices, chances, and challenges : a review of the 1986 federal act and its prospects. Springfield, N.J. (262 Mountain Ave., P.O. Box 50, Springfield 07081): J.E. Mooney, 1987.

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9

United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Risk Retention amendments of 1986: Report together with additional and minority views (to accompany S. 2129). [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. G.P.O., 1986.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Commerce, Consumer Protection, and Competitiveness. Liability risk retention amendments: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Commerce, Consumer Protection, and Competitiveness of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred First Congress, second session, on H.R. 4351 ... amendments to the Liability Risk Retention Act ... July 11, 1990. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1991.

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Частини книг з теми "RETENTION OF PRODUCT"

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Bauer, Hans H., Frank Huber, and Thomas Keller. "Design of Lines as a Product-Policy Variant to Retain Customers in the Automotive Industry." In Customer Retention in the Automotive Industry, 67–92. Wiesbaden: Gabler Verlag, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-84509-2_4.

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Oggenfuss, Christoph W., and Romeo Lacher. "Neue Wege der Kundenpflege — „Retention Marketing“." In Produkte mit Profil, 366–82. Wiesbaden: Gabler Verlag, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-84706-5_17.

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Novič, Milko, and Paul R. Haddad. "Retention Processes in Ion-Exclusion Chromatography: A New Perspective." In Applications of Ion Chromatography for Pharmaceutical and Biological Products, 23–47. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118147009.ch2.

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Bazilinski, Nadine, Mashouf Shaykh, Sarosh Ahmed, Theodore Musiala, Robert H. Williams, Ann Poulos, Alvin Dubin, and George Dunea. "Amino Acid Composition of Uremic Middle and Low Molecular Weight Retention Products." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 197–204. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5445-1_31.

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Curtis, David, Timothy Benjamin, Alexander Gancarz, Robert Loss, Kevin Rosman, John DeLaeter, James Delmore, and William Maeck. "Geochemical Controls on the Retention of Fission Products at the Oklo Natural Fission Reactors." In Natural Analogues in Radioactive Waste Disposal, 140–41. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3465-8_14.

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Amos, B., M. Al-Rubeai, and A. N. Emery. "Dialysis Perfusion Systems for the Production and Retention of High-Valued Products from Animal Cells." In Animal Cell Technology: Basic & Applied Aspects, 151–56. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0848-5_21.

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Mondal, Chirapriya, and Sougata Karmakar. "Visual Features of Ethnic Handloom Products for Retention of the Unique Traditional Signatures Along with Detection of Authenticity." In Design for Tomorrow—Volume 1, 531–42. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0041-8_44.

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Farmer, Jane, Anthony McCosker, Kath Albury, and Amir Aryani. "Case Studies of Data Projects." In Data for Social Good, 27–62. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5554-9_2.

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AbstractThree illustrative case studies are provided of non-profit organisations’ data projects conducted by the authors, with partner non-profits, during 2017–2021. The case studies all use a collaborative data action methodology, but differ in the nature of datasets analysed, visualisations and data products generated. Case Study 1 included government departments and agencies and used datasets from public consultation, social media and news media. It generated timeline and topic visualisations about changes in the public conversation about family violence following a new policy. Case Study 2 engaged staff across several departments of three non-profits of different sizes and used operational data plus open public data to show the impact of mental health and youth employment programmes and to inform staff retention policy. Case Study 3 describes a data collaborative involving six non-profits and a bank that united to geospatially analyse internal data of organisations and open public data to examine community resilience. Overall, project participants benefitted from new learning about working with data and built relationships within and across organisations.
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McEwan, Margaret A., Tom A. van Mourik, Mihiretu C. Hundayehu, Frezer Asfaw, Sam Namanda, Issahaq Suleman, Sarah Mayanja, Simon Imoro, and Prince M. Etwire. "Securing Sweetpotato Planting Material for Farmers in Dryland Africa: Gender-Responsive Communication Approaches to Scale Triple S." In Root, Tuber and Banana Food System Innovations, 353–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92022-7_12.

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AbstractTriple S (Storage in Sand and Sprouting) is a root-based system for conserving and multiplying sweetpotato planting material at the household level. In sub-Saharan Africa, farmers predominantly source planting material by cutting vines from volunteer plants that sprout from roots left in the field from a previous crop. However, it takes 6 to 8 weeks after the rains start to produce enough vines for planting material, and normally these vines are infected by sweetpotato diseases and pests carried over from previous crops. Where rainfall is unpredictable, farmers can use Triple S to take advantage of the whole growing season, planting and harvesting early to obtain food, higher yields, and income. Triple S facilitates household retention and adoption of new sweetpotato varieties, notably the beta-carotene-rich, orange-fleshed varieties. Triple S PLUS is the combined innovation package of core Triple S components and complementary components used to scale the innovation. These included good agricultural practices, different storage containers, local multiplication and sales of planting material, and a multimedia communication strategy for training and extension to encourage the uptake of Triple S. Components were at different levels of scaling readiness. This chapter explores evidence from Ethiopia and Ghana (2018–2019) on the extent to which exposure to different communication channels and their combinations influenced the uptake of Triple S PLUS by male and female farmers, the partnering arrangements that supported this, and the resulting changes in food security. We discuss implications for future scaling initiatives.
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"Product Assembly, Sales, and Marketing." In University-Industry Technology Transfer in the UK, 95–119. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7408-8.ch005.

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In developing and executing IS strategy, current business processes are analyzed, modified, or redefined in order to better support company strategic objectives and targets. Process analysis—an integral part of IS strategy development—can identify problems of information flow, data maintenance, systems integration, and process alignment with business strategy. Technology transfer projects in two product assembly companies are examined here. These projects developed and implemented IS strategies to align with contrasting business objectives: to provide stability and customer retention on the one hand and to provide key management information to support increased profitability on the other.
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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "RETENTION OF PRODUCT"

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Burgess, K., E. Groopman, A. Meshik, L. Nittler, O. Pravdivtseva, R. Stroud, and D. Willingham. "Investigating Oklo Fuel Fission Product Retention by NAUTILUS, TEM, NanoSIMS." In Tranactions - 2019 Winter Meeting. AMNS, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/t30753.

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Dmitriev, Serge A., Olga K. Karlina, Vsevolod L. Klimov, Micheal I. Ojovan, Galina Yu Pavlova, and Andrew Yu Yurchenko. "Retention Properties of Carbide-Corundum Ceramics Containing Carbon-14, Caesium-137, and Strontium-90." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4567.

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The system C–Al–TiO2 is of considerable interest for the processing of irradiated reactor graphite waste with the retention of biologic hazardous carbon-14. Investigations of this system were conducted both theoretically and experimentally. Previously, the thermodynamic calculations of the phase composition of resulting end product were performed for a wide variety of components content in the system being investigated. These simulation results have been supported by XRD-analysis of produced specimens. The experimental processing of reactor graphite was conducted by the use of self-sustaining reactions in C–Al–TiO2 mixtures. A search of modifier additives was performed to perfect end product properties. Test specimens were produced by mass ranging from 0.2 to 3 kg in the argon atmosphere. Various techniques were applied to characterize the produced specimens. The compressive strength of specimens of doped carbide-corundum matrices synthesized ranged from 7 to 18 MPa. The carry over of Cs-137 and Sr-90 during synthesis reaction was about 3% wt. The leachability attained of Cs-137 and Sr-90 from specimens was around 10−5 g/(cm2.day). The carbon-14 is combined in the end product in chemically and thermic stable titanium carbide. The carry-over of the carbon combined in carbon monoxide from the reacting mixtures during exothermic process was less than 1% wt. This corresponds roughly to up 0.01% wt. of the carbon-14 inventory, which can be present in the irradiated reactor graphite.
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3

Lundin, Michael, Stefan Sandberg, and Mats Na¨sstro¨m. "Knowledge Retention and Reuse: Using CAD Models as Carriers of Knowledge in Product Development." In ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2010-28711.

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In order to ensure competitive advantage, manufacturers need to reduce the time and resources spent on development without affecting the quality and performance of the final product. Studies show that designers are likely to change both job and company several times during their career. The loss of experience and expertise implies that new methods for efficient knowledge retention and reuse need to be developed. Results presented in this paper include development and implementation of a previously proposed method suggesting the use of CAD models as carriers of knowledge. The method has been further developed and realised in a three-part demonstrator, each part addressing one aspect of a holistic approach to efficient knowledge retention and reuse. The approach presented here does not require the use of any additional applications during product development and it ensures that the designer has access to necessary information, where and when it is needed. This approach also results in less time spent on documentation, data conversion and information retrieval.
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Ojovan, Michael I., Olga K. Karlina, Vsevolod L. Klimov, Boris G. Trusov, Galina Yu Pavlova, and Igor A. Sobolev. "Self-Sustaining Reactions for the Processing Technologies of Chemically Stable Matrices Incorporating Carbon and Zirconium Wastes." In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1184.

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Abstract During operation of uranium-graphite reactors, waste graphite, containing fragments of nuclear fuel and fission products, as well as radioactive zirconium alloy components from fuel assemblies are produced. A large number of experiments should be carried out for the synthesis of appropriate matrix materials for radioactive nuclides that occur in these wastes. For the choice of processing technologies, an approach was used based on the thermodynamic simulation and application of self-sustaining reactions. A preliminary batch compaction and a hot pressing of the end product were not carried out. The end composite matrix product provides strong retention of the carbon-14 and other radionuclides. The processing technologies proposed are rather simple in implementation, can be realized without complex production equipment and energy supply.
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Du, Ping, and Erin F. MacDonald. "Product Body Shapes, Not Features, Provide Fast and Frugal Cues for Environmental Friendliness." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-60283.

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Mental associations between a product’s visual design and its unobservable characteristics aid consumer judgments. It is hypothesized these associations, or cues, allow people to decrease the mental load required to make a decision. This paper investigates the rapid-building of mental associations between visual cues and unobservable attributes. It questions if it is more effective to cue holistically, through body-shape, or by individual features. Subjects participated in an association-building task and were then surveyed for retention of positive and negative cues for environmental friendliness ratings. Results demonstrate retention of body shapes cues but not feature cues. Additionally, eye-tracking data demonstrate that people redistribute their attention to a product after the association-building task, increasing the percentage of attention in the cued visual areas-of-interest. This supports the hypothesis that cues work to distribute mental load more efficiently; subjects’ evaluations became more targeted when judging environmental friendliness.
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DuPont, Bryony, and Addison Wisthoff. "Exploring the Retention of Sustainable Design Principles in Engineering Practice Through Design Education." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-46778.

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The School of Mechanical, Industrial, and Manufacturing Engineering at Oregon State University is home to one of the largest academic Mechanical Design groups in the country. As a leader in undergraduate design education, we have been able to keep in touch with a large group of mechanical design graduates, and as such are capable of assessing how students retain information learned in undergraduate coursework to see how this understanding is employed in real-world engineering practice. However, the principles governing the design of sustainable products and processes are relatively novel and are only now being integrated into the undergraduate and graduate mechanical design curriculum. It is our hypothesis that particular means of learning and understanding sustainable design — via lectures, homework assignments, design projects, and the use of various sustainability-related LCA tools — will enable the highest retention of sustainable design understanding, and a higher likelihood that this sustainable design knowledge will be propagated into design practice in industry. Multiple curricular studies that explore dissemination and retention of sustainable design skills are being explored, including a junior-level introductory mechanical design course and a graduate level sustainable product development course. In the junior-level course, baseline sustainability knowledge is tested by allowing students to make sustainable design decisions by applying varied skill sets, including general principles, a list of sustainable design guidelines, and an innovative online survey (The GREEn Quiz). The graduate-level course, which employs sustainable design principles within a larger product development architecture, will capitalize on more “expert” knowledge. Future work will also be discussed, including planned validation studies and curriculum improvements, as well as the means of quantifying the retention of sustainable design information.
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Mehboob, Khurram, Kwangheon Park, Rehan Khan, Majid Ali, and Raheel Ahmed. "Kinetic Study of Containment Retention Factor (CRF) for Large Dry Containment Under Radiation Load." In 2014 22nd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone22-30194.

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The Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) have been built on the concept of Defense in depth. The severe accident causes the failure of fission product barriers and let the fission products to escape into environment. The containment is the last barrier to the fission products. Thus, the containment is installed with engineering safety features (ESFs) i.e. spray system, heat removal system, recirculation filtration system; containment filtered venting system (CFVS), and containment exhaust filtration system. In this work, kinetic study of the containment retention factor (CRF) has been carried out for a large dry PWR containment considering 1000 MWe PWR. The computational modeling and simulation have been carried out by developing a kinetic code in MATLAB, which uses the fractions of activity airborne into the containment after the accident. The Kinetic dependency of CRF on containment filtration systems, spray system with caustic and boric acid spray has been carried out. For noble gases, iodine and aerosols, the CRF increases with the increase in exhaust rate. While, CRF for iodine first increases then start reducing with containment spray flow rate. The Kinetic dependency of CRF has also been studied for boric and caustic spray.
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Schroder, Verginica, Manuela Rossemary Apetroaei, Mirela Adina Anton, Irina Mihaela Iancu, and Ileana Rau. "Evaluation of Manganese Retention in the Crustacean Tissue and its Implications for Chitin Product and Applications." In 2021 International Conference on e-Health and Bioengineering (EHB). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ehb52898.2021.9657691.

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Wang, Shaojin, and Xu Zhou. "Radio frequency-vacuum drying of kiwifruits: kinetics, uniformity and product quality." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7960.

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A radio frequency (RF) vacuum technology is proposed for drying kiwifruit slices using a 27.12 MHz, 3 kW RF-vacuum drying system. The results demonstrated that electrode gap, vacuum pressure and sample thickness had major effects on the RF-vacuum drying. The RF-vacuum drying was associated with internal heating and rapid drying, resulting in 65% reduction of hot air (60ºC) drying time. Moreover, kiwifruits dehydrated by RF-vacuum drying were associated with better color stability, higher vitamin C retention and higher rehydration capacity (P&lt;0.05). Overall, the RF-vacuum drying process may provide a more effective and practical method for high-quality dehydration of kiwifruits. Keywords: radio frequency-vacuum drying; hot air; moisture content distribution; moisture effective diffusivity; quality
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Kim, Youmin, Donghbin Kim, and Byoungdeog Choi. "Optimization of Annealing Process Conditions to Reduce Gate Induced Drain Leakage Current in Buried-Gate FETs." In ISTFA 2022. ASM International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2022p0411.

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Abstract As devices shrink, mitigating off-state power consumption has become a major concern for dynamic random access memory (DRAM) product development. The interface trap induced reduction of the retention time of DRAM cells has become increasingly critical due to aggressive device shrinkage. In this paper, the influence of reliability evaluation after device manufacturing on the number of interface traps in buried-channel-array-transistors and the optimal H2 annealing temperature were investigated for the reduction of trap-induced leakage currents that cause retention time degradation in DRAM cells. This study is expected to solve the problem of retention time and off-state power consumption caused by interface traps and to be utilized as a cornerstone for next-generation DRAM development.
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Звіти організацій з теми "RETENTION OF PRODUCT"

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Sohn, Yongho, Kevin Coffey, Jacob Eapen, and K. L. Murty. Mechanisms of Retention and Transport of Fission Products in Virgin and Irradiated Nuclear Graphite. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1846653.

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Godwin, William, Wesley Bolch, and Charles M. Jenkins. Development of Intake Retention, and Excretion Fractions used in Bioassay Programs for Metallic Nanoparticle Aerosols Produced in Modern Munitions Development. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada599900.

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Fluhr, Robert, and Volker Brendel. Harnessing the genetic diversity engendered by alternative gene splicing. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7696517.bard.

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Our original objectives were to assess the unexplored dimension of alternative splicing as a source of genetic variation. In particular, we sought to initially establish an alternative splicing database for Arabidopsis, the only plant for which a near-complete genome has been assembled. Our goal was to then use the database, in part, to advance plant gene prediction programs that are currently a limiting factor in annotating genomic sequence data and thus will facilitate the exploitation of the ever increasing quantity of raw genomic data accumulating for plants. Additionally, the database was to be used to generate probes for establishing high-throughput alternative transcriptome analysis in the form of a splicing-specific oligonucleotide microarray. We achieved the first goal and established a database and web site termed Alternative Splicing In Plants (ASIP, http://www.plantgdb.org/ASIP/). We also thoroughly reviewed the extent of alternative splicing in plants (Arabidopsis and rice) and proposed mechanisms for transcript processing. We noted that the repertoire of plant alternative splicing differs from that encountered in animals. For example, intron retention turned out to be the major type. This surprising development was proven by direct RNA isolation techniques. We further analyzed EST databases available from many plants and developed a process to assess their alternative splicing rate. Our results show that the lager genome-sized plant species have enhanced rates of alternative splicing. We did advance gene prediction accuracy in plants by incorporating scoring for non-canonical introns. Our data and programs are now being used in the continuing annotation of plant genomes of agronomic importance, including corn, soybean, and tomato. Based on the gene annotation data developed in the early part of the project, it turned out that specific probes for different exons could not be scaled up to a large array because no uniform hybridization conditions could be found. Therefore, we modified our original objective to design and produce an oligonucleotide microarray for probing alternative splicing and realized that it may be reasonable to investigate the extent of alternative splicing using novel commercial whole genome arrays. This possibility was directly examined by establishing algorithms for the analysis of such arrays. The predictive value of the algorithms was then shown by isolation and verification of alternative splicing predictions from the published whole genome array databases. The BARD-funded work provides a significant advance in understanding the extent and possible roles of alternative splicing in plants as well as a foundation for advances in computational gene prediction.
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Litaor, Iggy, James Ippolito, Iris Zohar, and Michael Massey. Phosphorus capture recycling and utilization for sustainable agriculture using Al/organic composite water treatment residuals. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600037.bard.

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Objectives: 1) develop a thorough understanding of the sorption mechanisms of Pi and Po onto the Al/O- WTR; 2) determine the breakthrough range of the composite Al/O-WTR during P capturing from agro- wastewaters; and 3) critically evaluate the performance of the composite Al/O-WTR as a fertilizer using selected plants grown in lysimeters and test-field studies. Instead of lysimeters we used pots (Israel) and one- liter cone-tainers (USA). We conducted one field study but in spite of major pretreatments the soils still exhibited high enough P from previous experiments so no differences between control and P additions were noticeable. Due to time constrains the field study was discontinued. Background: Phosphorous, a non-renewable resource, has been applied extensively in fields to increase crop yield, yet consequently has increased the potential of waterway eutrophication. Our proposal impetus is the need to develop an innovative method of P capturing, recycling and reuse that will sustain agricultural productivity while concurrently reducing the level of P discharge from and to agricultural settings. Major Conclusions & Achievements: An innovative approach was developed for P removal from soil leachate, dairy wastewater (Israel), and swine effluents (USA) using Al-based water treatment residuals (Al- WTR) to create an organic-Al-WTR composite (Al/O-WTR), potentially capable of serving as a P fertilizer source. The Al-WTR removed 95% inorganic-P, 80% to 99.9% organic P, and over 60% dissolved organic carbon from the agro-industrial waste streams. Organic C accumulation on particles surfaces possibly enhanced weak P bonding and facilitated P desorption. Analysis by scanning electron microscope (SEM- EDS), indicated that P was sparsely sorbed on both calcic and Al (hydr)oxide surfaces. Sorption of P onto WW-Al/O-WTR was reversible due to weak Ca-P and Al-P bonds induced by the slight alkaline nature and in the presence of organic moieties. Synchrotron-based microfocused X-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF) spectrometry, bulk P K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (XANES), and P K-edge micro-XANES spectroscopy indicated that adsorption was the primary P retention mechanism in the Al- WTR materials. However, distinct apatite- or octocalciumphosphatelike P grains were also observed. Synchrotron micro-XRF mapping further suggested that exposure of the aggregate exteriors to wastewater caused P to diffuse into the porous Al-WTR aggregates. Organic P species were not explicitly identified via P K-edge XANES despite high organic matter content, suggesting that organic P may have been predominantly associated with mineral surfaces. In screen houses experiments (Israel) we showed that the highest additions of Al/O-WTR (5 and 7 g kg⁻¹) produced the highest lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolial) yield. Lettuce yield and P concentration were similar across treatments, indicating that Al/O- WTR can provide sufficient P to perform similarly to common fertilizers. A greenhouse study (USA) was utilized to compare increasing rates of swine wastewater derived Al/O-WTR and inorganic P fertilizer (both applied at 33.6, 67.3, and 134.5 kg P₂O₅ ha⁻¹) to supply plant-available P to spring wheat (TriticumaestivumL.) in either sandy loam or sandy clay loam soil. Spring wheat straw and grain P uptake were comparable across all treatments in the sandy loam, while Al/O-WTR application to the sandy clay loam reduced straw and grain P uptake. The Al/O-WTR did not affect soil organic P concentrations, but did increase phosphatase activity in both soils; this suggests that Al/O-WTR application stimulated microorganisms and enhance the extent to which microbial communities can mineralize Al/O-WTR-bound organic P. Implications: Overall, results suggest that creating a new P fertilizer from Al-WTR and agro-industrial waste sources may be a feasible alternative to mining inorganic P fertilizer sources, while protecting the environment from unnecessary waste disposal.
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Chefetz, Benny, Baoshan Xing, Leor Eshed-Williams, Tamara Polubesova, and Jason Unrine. DOM affected behavior of manufactured nanoparticles in soil-plant system. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7604286.bard.

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The overall goal of this project was to elucidate the role of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in soil retention, bioavailability and plant uptake of silver and cerium oxide NPs. The environmental risks of manufactured nanoparticles (NPs) are attracting increasing attention from both industrial and scientific communities. These NPs have shown to be taken-up, translocated and bio- accumulated in plant edible parts. However, very little is known about the behavior of NPs in soil-plant system as affected by dissolved organic matter (DOM). Thus DOM effect on NPs behavior is critical to assessing the environmental fate and risks related to NP exposure. Carbon-based nanomaterials embedded with metal NPs demonstrate a great potential to serve as catalyst and disinfectors. Hence, synthesis of novel carbon-based nanocomposites and testing them in the environmentally relevant conditions (particularly in the DOM presence) is important for their implementation in water purification. Sorption of DOM on Ag-Ag₂S NPs, CeO₂ NPs and synthesized Ag-Fe₃O₄-carbon nanotubebifunctional composite has been studied. High DOM concentration (50mg/L) decreased the adsorptive and catalytic efficiencies of all synthesized NPs. Recyclable Ag-Fe₃O₄-carbon nanotube composite exhibited excellent catalytic and anti-bacterial action, providing complete reduction of common pollutants and inactivating gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria at environmentally relevant DOM concentrations (5-10 mg/L). Our composite material may be suitable for water purification ranging from natural to the industrial waste effluents. We also examined the role of maize (Zeamays L.)-derived root exudates (a form of DOM) and their components on the aggregation and dissolution of CuONPs in the rhizosphere. Root exudates (RE) significantly inhibited the aggregation of CuONPs regardless of ionic strength and electrolyte type. With RE, the critical coagulation concentration of CuONPs in NaCl shifted from 30 to 125 mM and the value in CaCl₂ shifted from 4 to 20 mM. This inhibition was correlated with molecular weight (MW) of RE fractions. Higher MW fraction (> 10 kDa) reduced the aggregation most. RE also significantly promoted the dissolution of CuONPs and lower MW fraction (< 3 kDa) RE mainly contributed to this process. Also, Cu accumulation in plant root tissues was significantly enhanced by RE. This study provides useful insights into the interactions between RE and CuONPs, which is of significance for the safe use of CuONPs-based antimicrobial products in agricultural production. Wheat root exudates (RE) had high reducing ability to convert Ag+ to nAg under light exposure. Photo-induced reduction of Ag+ to nAg in pristine RE was mainly attributed to the 0-3 kDa fraction. Quantification of the silver species change over time suggested that Cl⁻ played an important role in photoconversion of Ag+ to nAg through the formation and redox cycling of photoreactiveAgCl. Potential electron donors for the photoreduction of Ag+ were identified to be reducing sugars and organic acids of low MW. Meanwhile, the stabilization of the formed particles was controlled by both low (0-3 kDa) and high (>3 kDa) MW molecules. This work provides new information for the formation mechanism of metal nanoparticles mediated by RE, which may further our understanding of the biogeochemical cycling and toxicity of heavy metal ions in agricultural and environmental systems. Copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuSNPs) at 1:1 and 1:4 ratios of Cu and S were synthesized, and their respective antifungal efficacy was evaluated against the pathogenic activity of Gibberellafujikuroi(Bakanae disease) in rice (Oryza sativa). In a 2-d in vitro study, CuS decreased G. fujikuroiColony- Forming Units (CFU) compared to controls. In a greenhouse study, treating with CuSNPs at 50 mg/L at the seed stage significantly decreased disease incidence on rice while the commercial Cu-based pesticide Kocide 3000 had no impact on disease. Foliar-applied CuONPs and CuS (1:1) NPs decreased disease incidence by 30.0 and 32.5%, respectively, which outperformed CuS (1:4) NPs (15%) and Kocide 3000 (12.5%). CuS (1:4) NPs also modulated the shoot salicylic acid (SA) and Jasmonic acid (JA) production to enhance the plant defense mechanisms against G. fujikuroiinfection. These results are useful for improving the delivery efficiency of agrichemicals via nano-enabled strategies while minimizing their environmental impact, and advance our understanding of the defense mechanisms triggered by the NPs presence in plants.
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