Готові списки джерел за темами / Requête rapide

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Requête rapide"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 3 вересня 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Requête rapide"

IVANKOVICH, ANTHONY D. "Asymptomatic Hyponatremia Does Not Require Rapid Correction." Anesthesiology 72, no. 2 (February 1, 1990): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199002000-00039.

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VAN BOVEN, MICHEL J. "Asymptomatic Hyponatremia Does Not Require Rapid Correction." Anesthesiology 72, no. 2 (February 1, 1990): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199002000-00040.

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Kuznar, W., J. L. Saver, A. H. Tilton, N. B. Fountain, and L. Gutmann. "Neurologic Emergencies Require Rapid Plan of Action." MD Conference Express 15, no. 9 (May 1, 2015): 20–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1559897715588494.

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Dinnes, Jacqueline. "COVID-19 rapid antigen testing strategies require careful evaluation." EBioMedicine 70 (August 2021): 103491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103491.

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Lagomarsino, Laura P. "Rapid plant diversification in the Andes does not require flowers." New Phytologist 222, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 11–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.15619.

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Ilin, V., A. Malyshev, F. Wolf, and M. Volgushev. "Fast Computations in Cortical Ensembles Require Rapid Initiation of Action Potentials." Journal of Neuroscience 33, no. 6 (February 6, 2013): 2281–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.0771-12.2013.

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Leib, David E., and Zachary A. Knight. "Rapid Sensing of Dietary Amino Acid Deficiency Does Not Require GCN2." Cell Reports 16, no. 8 (August 2016): 2051–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2016.08.022.

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Akrap, Gordan. "Hybrid Challenges Require Hybrid, Scientifically Based, Responses." National security and the future 20, no. 1-2 (January 9, 2020): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37458/nstf.20.1-2.4.

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New security challenges are looking for new security paradigms in order that state and societies can successfully face with them on preventive level. Due to the rapid influence of hybrid threats to almost all areas of our lives today, we must change our attitude toward those problems and introduce and transform existing intelligence and security studies as a separate science in order to prepare our societies for security challenges that are already here.

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Chowienczyk, S., A. Rose, H. Calderwood, T. Wright, and A. Hinton. "32IMPROVING THE CARE OF PATIENTS WHO REQUIRE RAPID TRANQUILISATION: A CLINICAL AUDIT." Age and Ageing 48, Supplement_1 (February 1, 2019): i1—i15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afy211.32.

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Asp, Lennart, Fredrik Kartberg, Julia Fernandez-Rodriguez, Maria Smedh, Markus Elsner, Frederic Laporte, Montserrat Bárcena, et al. "Early Stages of Golgi Vesicle and Tubule Formation Require Diacylglycerol." Molecular Biology of the Cell 20, no. 3 (February 2009): 780–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e08-03-0256.

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We have investigated the role for diacylglycerol (DAG) in membrane bud formation in the Golgi apparatus. Addition of propranolol to specifically inhibit phosphatidate phosphohydrolase (PAP), an enzyme responsible for converting phosphatidic acid into DAG, effectively prevents formation of membrane buds. The effect of PAP inhibition on Golgi membranes is rapid and occurs within 3 min. Removal of the PAP inhibitor then results in a rapid burst of buds, vesicles, and tubules that peaks within 2 min. The inability to form buds in the presence of propranolol does not appear to be correlated with a loss of ARFGAP1 from Golgi membranes, as knockdown of ARFGAP1 by RNA interference has little or no effect on actual bud formation. Rather, knockdown of ARFGAP1 results in an increase in membrane buds and a decrease of vesicles and tubules suggesting it functions in the late stages of scission. How DAG promotes bud formation is discussed.

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Дисертації з теми "Requête rapide"

Lardeux, Florian. "Robust Modelling and Efficient Recognition of Quasi-Flat Objects — Application to Ancient Coins." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LAROS002.

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Les objets quasi-plans sont obtenus à partir d’une matrice qui définit des caractéristiques spécifiques observables dans leur gravure. Les exemples de ce type d’objets incluent les timbres à sec, les timbres amphoriques ou encore les pièces de monnaies anciennes. Les objetsquasi-plans sont par conséquent des formes très plates sur lesquelles un relief caractéristique est inscrit. Reconnaître de tels objets est une tâche compliquée car de nombreux verrous entrent en jeu. Le relief d’objets quasi-plans est sujet à des déformations non rigides et les conditions lumineuses influencent la façon dont ils sont perçus. De plus, ces objets ont pu subir diverses détériorations menant à l’occlusion de certaines parties de leur relief. Dans cette dissertation, nous adressons le problème de la reconnaissance d’objets quasi-plans. Cette thèse est articulée autour de trois grands axes. Le premier axe vise à créer un modèle adapté pour représenter l’objet en exposant ces caractéristiques et en prenant en compte les divers verrous précités. Dans ce but, le concept de carte d’énergie lumineuse est introduit. Les deuxième et troisième axes introduisent des stratégies de reconnaissance. D’un côté, nous proposons l’utilisation de contours de l’objet en tant que données caractéristiques. Ceux-ci sont représentés via un modèle de signature à partir duquel sont calculés des descripteurs. Afin de stocker, retrouver et comparer ces descripteurs, une structure de donnée basée sur des tableaux associatifs, les LACS, est présentée ; elle permet une reconnaissance rapide de contours similaires. D’un autre côté, l’utilisation de textures comme descripteurs de l’objet est envisagée. Dans cette partie, l’étude est centrée sur l’emploi de régions 2D et leur description comme moyen de reconnaissance. Un angle similaire est adopté pour stocker et retrouver l’information ; une structure de donnée proche de celle précédemment décrite, mais plus complexe, est introduite
Quasi-flat objects are obtained from a matrix which defines specific features observable in their engraving. Some examples of these are dry stamps, amphora stamps or ancient coins. Quasi-flat objects are subsequently understood as very flat shapes onto which a characteristic relief is inscribed. Recognizing such objects is not an easy feat as many barriers come into play. The relief of quasi-flat objects is prone to non-rigid deformations and the illumination conditions influence the perception of the object’s relief. Furthermore, these items may have undergone various deteriorations, leading to the occlusion of some parts of their relief. In this thesis, we tackle the issue of recognizing quasi-flat objects. This work is articulated around three major axes. The first one aims at creating a model to represent the objects both by highlighting their main characteristics and taking into account the afore mentioned barriers. To this aim, the concept of multi-light energy map is introduced. The second and third axes introduce strategies for the recognition. On the one hand, we propose the use of contours as main features. Contours are described via a signature model from which specific descriptors are calculated. In order to store, retrieve and match those features, a data structure based on associative arrays, the LACS system, is introduced, which enables a fast retrieval of similar contours. On the other hand, the use of textures is investigated. The scope here is centered on the use of specific 2D regions and their description in order to perform the recognition. A similar angle is taken to store and retrieve the information as a similar, yet a more complex data structure is introduced

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Книги з теми "Requête rapide"

Ivanishchev, Viktor (Victor). Molecular biology. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/01857-6.

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The textbook presents the main range of issues in molecular biology — the most rapidly developing area of biological science. The logic of the presentation of the material includes sequential coverage of the structural organization and functions of DNA, RNA, proteins. Important attention is paid to the mechanisms of signal transmission in living systems, the problems of creating and using genetically engineered organisms. Each chapter ends with control questions and assignments for independent work. The textbook includes a set of laboratory and practical works that do not require specialized equipment and materials. The new edition has been supplemented and clarified, reflecting the current state of science. The content of the textbook corresponds to a number of competencies, the development of which is provided for by the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education in the preparation of bachelors in the fields of "Pedagogical Education" (profiles "Biology" and "Chemistry"), "Biology". Certain topics can be used in the preparation of masters in the fields of "Biology", "Chemistry", "Natural Science Education". The book is intended for students studying in natural sciences, and will also be useful for teachers of biology and chemistry of high school.

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Beuningen, Cor, and Kees Buitendijk, eds. Finance and the Common Good. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463727914.

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Over the past fifty years, (financial) capitalism has brought about an enormous growth in wealth. Millions around the world have been lifted out of poverty. However, the downsides of the present global economic constitution are rapidly becoming evident as well. Rising inequality, soaring debt levels, and repeated cycles of boom and bust have proven to be some of its key characteristics. After the 2008 crisis brought the financial system to the brink of collapse, new regulations, stricter supervision, higher capital requirements, and ethical codes were introduced to the sector. Today we find ourselves in the middle of another economic boom. Yet one pressing question remains: has anything changed? Have the (necessary) repairs fixed the flaws in the system? Or do we require even more fundamental reforms? This volume builds on the observation that society has co-evolved with the financial sector. We cannot simply claim that 'finance' was the sole instigator of the 2008 crisis. Society itself has become financialized; the process of replacing relations, structures of trust and reciprocity, by anonymous and systemic transactions. The volume poses vital questions with regard to this societal development. How did this happen? And more importantly: is change possible? If yes, how? This volume contains 21 essays on the themes mentioned above. Authors include Jan Peter Balkenende, Wouter Bos, Lans Bovenberg, Govert Buijs, and Herman Van Rompuy. A recommendation by Dutch Minister of Finance Wopke Hoekstra is also included.

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To establish policies and procedures in the Peace Corps to provide for the safety and security of volunteers from rape and sexual assault, and for other purposes; and to amend the Peace Corps Act to require sexual assault risk-reduction and response training, the development of sexual assault protocol and guidelines, the establishment of victims advocates, the establishment of a sexual assault advisory council, and for other purposes: Markup before the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, first session, on H.R. 2699 and H.R. 2337, September 21, 2011. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2011.

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Fountoulakis, Konstantinos N., and Dimos Dimellis. The treatment of rapid cycling bipolar disorder. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198748625.003.0006.

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Rapid cycling may complicate the course of a significant proportion of patients with bipolar disorder (BD). It is defined in DSM-5 by the occurrence of at least four distinct mood episodes in 12 months. Rapid cycling BD has been consistently associated with worse outcomes compared with non-rapid cycling BD. Thus, rapid cycling BD may require specific treatment strategies. Antidepressants, antipsychotics, and mood stabilizers/anticonvulsants have been studied either as monotherapy or in combination treatments. Concerning the treatment of acute mood episodes, the best available data exist for atypical antipsychotics. On the other hand, maintenance or relapse-prevention treatment, and newer-generation antipsychotics and anticonvulsants seem to be efficacious for rapid cycling BD. Lithium may also be efficacious. Treatment with antidepressants should be avoided in this subpopulation of patients. Overall, few randomized controlled trials have been conducted, and many have been underpowered. Therefore, a significant gap remains in evidence-based treatment of rapid cycling BD.

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Paddock, LeRoy, and Karyan San Martano. Energy Supply Planning in a Distributed Energy Resources World. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198822080.003.0021.

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Traditional electricity planning in the United States has typically been focused on forecasting future demand and identifying the need for new large generating facilities that involve one-way flows from central power plants to customers. However, legal innovation has incentivized the deployment of more energy resources at the customer end of the electricity network and technological innovation has facilitated rapid expansion in the number and capacity of these distributed energy resources. These changes now require innovation in the type of planning for future energy resources that must be employed to ensure an efficient and reliable electric energy network. Deployment of the rapidly growing number of distributed energy resources —solar and wind generation, combined heat and power, fuel cells, battery storage, demand response and energy efficiency—is facilitated by an increasingly smart grid. This chapter proposes a new, distributed resource-planning process to better integrate all of these distributed resources into the grid.

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Mitchell, John D., and Marek Brzezinski. Introduction to Pulmonary Urgencies and Emergencies. Edited by Matthew D. McEvoy and Cory M. Furse. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190226459.003.0013.

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The lungs exchange gases and also provide for some metabolic functions. Respiratory failure can be grouped into types I-IV. Type I (hypoxemic) and type II (hypercapnic) are the most prominent; type III is perioperative and often considered a subset of type I, while type IV is due to shock. Pulmonary urgencies and emergencies require rapid diagnosis and treatment in order to avoid morbidity and mortality. Identification of risk factors for desaturation and the application of an appropriate management algorithm can facilitate diagnosis and management. The ABCD-A SWIFT CHECK algorithm and its subalgorithms represent a logical approach to rapid diagnosis and management.

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Phillips, Dennis, and Joshua Knight. The Difficult Airway (DRAFT). Edited by Raghavan Murugan and Joseph M. Darby. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190612474.003.0018.

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The difficult airway invariably presents itself to all airway managers and is mostly unpredictable in the context of rapid response team (RRT) calls. A multiprofessional difficult airway team (DAT) that could be called for airway emergencies is likely to reduce complications and death. The DAT is organized with predefined roles for each member so that rapid intervention occurs during the emergency. Priority is given to oxygenation throughout the airway response. The anticipated and unanticipated difficult airways should be approached differently and often require medication adjuncts that should be carefully chosen. Airway devices such as the video laryngoscope and the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) have dramatically improved the ability to secure an airway quickly. Finally, it is important to recognize when a surgical airway is needed in the setting of the RRT calls.

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Akhtar, Shamsuddin. Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State. Edited by Matthew D. McEvoy and Cory M. Furse. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190226459.003.0031.

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The incidence of diabetes mellitus has rapidly increased in recent years. Perioperative care of patients with diabetes presents challenges of glycemic control and management of associated cardiovascular disease. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) are life-threatening complications of diabetes that require emergent therapy. Although elective surgery in patients with DKA or HHS is contraindicated, there are times when an emergent surgical condition may require anesthesia in the presence of DKA or HHS. There are many different factors that may precipitate these disorders and an understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and treatment is important for successful management of anesthesia.

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Colebourn, Claire, and Jim Newton. Field guide to critical care echocardiography. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757160.003.0008.

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This chapter is intended as a summary or reference for clinician echocardiographers at the bedside. It gives step-by-step algorithms which address both commonly asked questions and clinical situations which require rapid decision-making using echocardiography in the critically ill. These algorithms cover fluid status and fluid responsiveness, cardiovascular parameters, assessment of the shocked and breathless patient including trauma, assessment of the patient with a clinical diagnosis of pulmonary embolism, and assessment of the unwell obstetric patient and patients who are weaning from mechanical ventilatory support.

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Sevransky, Jon. Management of sepsis in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0296.

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Sepsis is triggered by an infection, and treatment of sepsis requires timely identification of the patient, and rapid treatment with antibiotics, source control, and fluids. The site of infection, patient’s phenotype, and location of the patient will help drive decisions about initial antibiotic therapy. Patients with sepsis should be treated to ensure adequate cardiac output and organ perfusion, which usually requires infusion of intravenous fluids. In addition to haemodynamic and fluid support, some patients require infection source control. Many sepsis patients require additional supportive therapy with vasoactive agents, mechanical ventilation, renal replacement therapy, and nutritional therapy.. When using these supportive therapies, the clinician should attempt to minimize the complications of the therapies, including withdrawal of therapies that are no longer necessary.. Patients who do not respond to initial therapy should be evaluated for resistant organisms, persistent sources, or alternate diagnoses.

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Частини книг з теми "Requête rapide"

Shearn, Dan, Francesca Rubulotta, and Michael A. DeVita. "Other Efferent Limb Teams: Crises that Require Specialized Resources." In Textbook of Rapid Response Systems, 219–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39391-9_21.

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Saigal, Saurabh, and Manal M. Khan. "Primary Assessment and Care in Maxillofacial Trauma." In Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery for the Clinician, 983–95. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1346-6_48.

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AbstractThe patient with maxillofacial trauma presents with serious challenges and requires the rapid assessment of injuries and institution of life-preserving therapy. It is essential to apply rapid and accurate systematic approach because the timing is crucial. This chapter highlights the correct sequence of priorities for assessment (primary and secondary surveys) and management of severely injured patients and also recognizes patients who will require transfer for definitive management.

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Kapsoulis, Nikolaos, Antonis Litke, and John Soldatos. "Efficient and Accelerated KYC Using Blockchain Technologies." In Big Data and Artificial Intelligence in Digital Finance, 115–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94590-9_7.

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AbstractDespite the rapid digital transformation of banks and financial institutions, state-of-the-art Know Your Customer (KYC) processes still require customers to provide multiple artifacts to the different banks they collaborate with. In an era where data sharing is facilitated from a technological and a regulatory point of view, there is huge potential for improving the efficiency of KYC processes. However, this requires a trustful environment for exchanging data across the various stakeholders, including customers, banks, and other financial organizations. This chapter illustrates how blockchain technology can be used to foster such a trusted environment. It also presents the implementation of a decentralized KYC solution over the Hyperledger Fabric permissioned blockchain infrastructure.

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Spiegel, Holger, Stefan Schillberg, and Greta Nölke. "Production of Recombinant Proteins by Agrobacterium-Mediated Transient Expression." In Recombinant Proteins in Plants, 89–102. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2241-4_6.

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AbstractThe agroinfiltration of plant tissue is a robust method that allows the rapid and transient expression of recombinant proteins. Using wild-type plants as biomass, agroinfiltration exploits the ability of plants to synthesize even complex multimeric proteins that require oxidative folding and/or post-translational modifications, while avoiding the expensive and time-consuming creation of stably transformed plant lines. Here we describe a generic method for the transient expression of recombinant proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana at the small to medium laboratory scale, including appropriate binary vectors, the design and cloning of expression constructs, the transformation, selection, and cultivation of recombinant Agrobacterium tumefaciens, the infiltration of plants using a syringe or vacuum device, and finally the extraction of recombinant proteins from plant tissues.

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Mathews, Ky L., and José Crossa. "Experimental Design for Plant Improvement." In Wheat Improvement, 215–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90673-3_13.

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AbstractSound experimental design underpins successful plant improvement research. Robust experimental designs respect fundamental principles including replication, randomization and blocking, and avoid bias and pseudo-replication. Classical experimental designs seek to mitigate the effects of spatial variability with resolvable block plot structures. Recent developments in experimental design theory and software enable optimal model-based designs tailored to the experimental purpose. Optimal model-based designs anticipate the analytical model and incorporate information previously used only in the analysis. New technologies, such as genomics, rapid cycle breeding and high-throughput phenotyping, require flexible designs solutions which optimize resources whilst upholding fundamental design principles. This chapter describes experimental design principles in the context of classical designs and introduces the burgeoning field of model-based design in the context of plant improvement science.

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Ferrante, Mauro, and Anna Maria Parroco. "Media and fake news: An analysis of citizens’ attitudes toward misinformation in European countries." In Proceedings e report, 185–90. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-461-8.35.

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The rapid changes determined by the rise of Internet and the recent development of social media in daily life have led to profound consequences on the quantity and quality of data made available and on the mechanisms of their dissemination. The rapid spread of on-line disinformation is one of the most discussed topic, and has been identified as one of the top-trends in modern societies by the World Economic Forum, also because of the link between these processes and political communication. Thanks to the availability of micro-data from the Flash Eurobarometer survey on “Fake news and disinformation online”, the present work aims at analyzing the attitude of European citizens toward fake news and disinformation. In a first step, cluster of citizens are identified according to their level of trust in media news, in relation to different types of media. Given the categorical nature of the variables considered, k-mode clustering is implemented. Secondly, the main determinants of news trust levels are analyzed, through regression models for categorical response variables. Preliminary results show that socio-demographic characteristics as well as technological use have an influence on trust in the media, which in turn determines different approaches on the role of institutions in tackling disinformation. The relevance of fake news in contemporary period and its potential consequences on the political side require a reflection on the role of statistical literacy and of official statistical institutes in dealing with disinformation in the post-truth era.

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Strasser, Thomas, Martijn Rooker, Gerhard Ebenhofer, and Alois Zoitl. "Standardized Dynamic Reconfiguration of Control Applications in Industrial Systems." In Rapid Automation, 776–93. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8060-7.ch036.

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Industrial areas like manufacturing, logistics and power systems require highly flexible and adaptable control solutions in order to fulfill future requirements. An industrial automation system has to provide technologies, concepts and mechanisms allowing the adaption of control logic during operation. Proper engineering approaches as well as execution environments with dynamic reconfiguration capabilities are needed to turn this vision into reality. This article provides an overview of applying the IEC 61499 reference model for distributed automation as basis for a standard-compliant reconfigurable method in industrial environments. It covers the modeling and engineering of reconfiguration applications and their execution on distributed embedded controllers using IEC 61499. This approach significantly increases engineering efficiency and reuse in component-based design of industrial automation and control applications. A special focus of this contribution is the discussion of implemented industrial use cases from the manufacturing, robotics and power systems domain.

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Joshi, Aditi U., and Neal Sikka. "Telehealth Training and Education." In A Practical Guide to Emergency Telehealth, edited by Dean Smith, 24–38. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190066475.003.0003.

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Despite the rapid expansion of telehealth services, education and training regarding the telehealth modality have lagged and yet to be validated. While clinical skills are traditionally taught in undergraduate and graduate training programs, few programs currently teach telehealth-specific skills. This is particularly challenging given that both novice and experienced clinicians require training and components of that training are program-specific. Training should include clinicians, patients, their carepartners, and telepresenters as the future health care team is rapidly evolving and will require a collaborative approach. This chapter outlines the various types of telehealth education, the groups of learners for whom training should be targeted, and various models of training.

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"Rapid access and emergency issues." In Oxford Handbook of Musculoskeletal Nursing, edited by Susan M. Oliver and Susan M. Oliver, 399–414. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198831426.003.0013.

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Musculoskeletal infections such as septic arthritis require prompt action. This chapter describes how to recognize the different conditions that can present as arthritis as a result of an infection and provides a detailed overview of issues to consider and how to support the patient encountering such problems. Medical emergencies such as drug toxicity, septic arthritis, and complications of inflammatory forms of arthritis are briefly described, and investigations and treatments are discussed. The chapter continues with guidance on related respiratory conditions such as pulmonary hypertension and breathlessness, and how to identify the conditions, the causes, and the management approaches.

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Lachman, Peter, John Brennan, John Fitzsimons, Anita Jayadev, and Jane Runnacles. "Safety in the emergency department." In Oxford Professional Practice: Handbook of Patient Safety, edited by Peter Lachman, John Brennan, John Fitzsimons, Anita Jayadev, and Jane Runnacles, 303–12. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780192846877.003.0027.

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Safety in the emergency department is challenging, given the rapidly changing demands on clinical staff, which often works in environments that may not be ideal for safe care. Overcrowding and delays in admission to hospital beds can add significant pressure on the staff and increase the risk for the patients who are waiting. The triage of patients requires diagnostic accuracy. The specific safety challenges are: patients who present with varying degrees of acuity that requires rapid assessment; and tasks that are varied and require a wide skill set, often with fairly junior staff on the front line. Diagnostic error is common, owing to cognitive biases. These challenges can be addressed by a culture of safety and through focus on situation awareness, reliability, and human factors. Solutions require teamwork and effective communication.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Requête rapide"

Cavallazzi, R., A. Hirani, A. Nair, E. Machare-Delgado, T. Vasu, E. Gates, R. Sorokin, and M. Baram. "The In-Hospital Outcome of Patients Who Require Rapid Response Team Care." In American Thoracic Society 2009 International Conference, May 15-20, 2009 • San Diego, California. American Thoracic Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2009.179.1_meetingabstracts.a3104.

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Coskun, Mustafa Bulut, and Mahmut Faruk Aksit. "A Brief Overview on High Temperature Friction and Wear." In STLE/ASME 2010 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2010-41297.

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With the race for higher power and efficiency new gas turbines operate at ever increasing pressures and temperatures. Increased compression ratios and firing temperatures require many engine parts to survive extended service hours under large pressure loads and thermal distortions while sustaining relative vibratory motion. On the other hand, wear at elevated temperatures limits part life. Combined with rapid oxidation for most materials wear resistance reduces rapidly with increasing temperature. In order to achieve improved wear performance at elevated temperatures better understanding of combined wear and oxidation behavior of high temperature super alloys and coatings needed. In an attempt to aid designers for high temperature applications, this work provides a quick reference for the high temperature friction and wear research available in open literature. High temperature friction and wear data have been collected, grouped and summarized in tables.

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Xie, Zhenhua, Xiangmin Wei, and Ying Zhang. "Automatic Extraction of Hyperbolic Signatures in Ground Penetrating Radar Images." In ASME 2012 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2012-8153.

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Deterioration of concrete structures has become a widespread problem with high repair costs. The corrosion of rebar is one of the major causes. GPR has potential for rebar corrosion detection. But the rapid survey generates a large amount of data, which require an automatic approach for effective data processing and information extraction. This paper proposes an automatic process to effectively extract the rebar reflection in the radargram image and estimate the concrete condition above the rebar. The process uses template matching to locate the hyperbola position, image processing to extract hyperbolic region, and algebraic fitting to rapidly estimate hyperbola parameters. The estimated parameters can be used to calculate the wave propagation velocity and relative permittivity in concrete above the rebar, which can be used to further evaluate the concrete condition. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated using experiment testing.

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Phaneuf, Christopher R., Nikita Pak, and Craig R. Forest. "Rapid, Low-Cost, Microfluidic Thermocycler for High-Throughput Genetic Diagnostics." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19714.

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Conventional instrumentation for amplifying nucleic acids by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which involves repeated temperature cycling, suffers from slow heating rates (e.g., 3 C/s) and large, costly sample volumes (i.e., 50 μL). Performing PCR is often the most time-consuming step in genetic sample preparation for common procedures such as pathogen detection and forensics. Faster thermocycling can reduce overall runtime and facilitate time-sensitive analyses. Smaller reaction volumes require fewer expensive reagents. Efforts to miniaturize genetic sample preparation have been largely confined to glass devices that are relatively expensive and require elaborate fabrication methods. Landers [1] has used glass microchips fabricated by wet etching to perform PCR, in which volumes of approximately 270 nL can be cycled 25 times with a tungsten filament lamp in only 5 min. Other developments include the work of Yasuda [2] and Faris [3], using infrared laser radiation to perform real-time PCR in 10–30 nL droplets suspended in mineral oil with amplification times of 3.5 and 6 min, respectively. Still, these devices can only perform a single reaction at a time.

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Colquhoun, Iain R., Evelyn Choong, Richard Kania, Ming Gao, and Pat Wickenhauser. "Rapid Analysis Tool for High-Level Risk Assessment of Pipelines." In 2002 4th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2002-27264.

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When the benefits of using risk-based decision making in pipeline integrity management programs have been identified, operators are immediately faced with the challenge of large amounts of risk analysis work. This work frequently has to be done with minimum resources and/or in logistic situations that require a graduated approach extending over several years. In answering this challenge, a starting point must be identified that focuses resources where the risks are greatest. Since these locations are generally unknown in the first instance, the need exists to have a tool available to perform a first or high-level assessment to identify areas requiring further or more detailed study to support the integrity management program. The need also exists to have a robust tool that can be used to direct the assessments of smaller lines that might not require the detailed attention generally given to larger diameter transmission lines. This paper describes the extension of a simple indexing methodology comprising both theoretical and historical components to produce such a tool. It describes the use of so-called “smart” defaults to account for missing data, and a rudimentary decision model that can be used to grade the risk results. Examples are given of applications of the methodology to a gathering system and to the high-level evaluation of a transmission system. The paper also compares the results obtained to other, more detailed methodologies.

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Tien Chong, Alecs Kak, John Chen, Mike Tapley, and Kristof Crolla. "Creating parametric design workflows for rapid conceptual design and optioneering." In IABSE Congress, Christchurch 2021: Resilient technologies for sustainable infrastructure. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/christchurch.2021.0912.

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<p>Complex, large span structures including roofs and footbridges are functional structures and are often presented as works of art or sculpture to complement the surrounding landscape. The design process of architectural large span structures or footbridges require architects and engineers to collaborate closely to co-create visually appealing and structurally efficient forms that serve the aesthetic, functional and economical objectives. In the co-creation process, a rapid turnaround is often expected. However, a tool that links form exploration and engineering is lacking; a tool that allows exploration of parametric forms quickly with instantaneous engineering and physical feedback to assess feasibility of the concept.</p><p>This paper presents a journey of exploration in developing workflows and associated tools in the digital virtual space that allows collaboration, co-creation between architects and engineers so as to work seamlessly in creating structurally efficient, functional yet architectural pleasing structures.</p>

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Deng, Zhong-Shan, and Jing Liu. "Rapid Electromagnetic Rewarming of Cryopreserved Tissues Using Nano-Magnetoparticles: Feasibility Study." In 2008 Second International Conference on Integration and Commercialization of Micro and Nanosystems. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/micronano2008-70282.

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Cryopreservation and banking of biological cells and tissues have been widely utilized in scientific research and clinical applications. All practical cryopreservation protocols require biomaterials to survive two processes: cooling down to cryogenic storage temperature and the subsequent rewarming. Many investigations have shown that both cooling and rewarming rates are critical to the survival of cryopreserved cells, tissues, and organs [1]. Experimental evidence from a range of cell and organ model systems has suggested that better results may sometimes be obtained by rapid rewarming, particularly if the biomaterials have been cryopreserved via vitrification [2]. Unfortunately, the vitrification also introduces a new hazard — the formation of ice crystals during thawing the samples. By rewarming the vitrified biomaterials rapidly, it is possible to avoid recrystallization of the numerous micro ice nuclei formed during the cooling process [2]. For tissue samples with dimensions more than a few millimeters, the need for rapid rewarming precludes the use of the traditional approaches such as heat convection and conduction because the low thermal diffusivity of biomaterials prevents energy from conducting into the centre sufficiently quickly. Electromagnetic heating may be the only feasible method, which offers a significant advantage (i.e., heat is generated volumetrically) over conventional heating methods. However, for bulk tissue sample, the warming rate of tissue at the center of sample will inevitably be much less than that close to the surface. Such undesired results will lead to non-uniform heating, and may further result in thermal runaway, which is localized as exponential increase in temperature due to the temperature dependence of water’s dielectric properties [3]. In addition, for some cases, the warming rate of cryopreserved tissue by electromagnetic heating may still be not large enough. To solve the above problems, this study proposed an effective approach to perform rapid and uniform electromagnetic rewarming for cryopreserved bulk tissues through adjuvant use of nano-magnetoparticles. The principle of the present method is similar to that of electromagnetic induced nano-hyperthermia.

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Gonzalez-Domenzain, Walter, and Ashwin A. Seshia. "Rapid Prototyping of PDMS Devices With Applications to Protein Crystallization." In ASME 2007 5th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2007-30046.

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This paper describes a microfabrication process for constructing three-dimensional microfluidic structures in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Rapid prototyping of microfluidic devices is possible starting from ink-jet printed masks and by utilising replica molding to create fluidic structures in PDMS from SU-8 and SPR-220 masters pre-patterned on a silicon or glass substrate. Multi-layer bonded and stacked alignment of up to 13 different functional polymer microfluidic layers with through-layer fluidic interconnects has been demonstrated. Pneumatically actuated valves have also been demonstrated for the regulation of sub-10 nL of fluid volumes. The geometric design of the valves is described with experimental verification conducted on rounded and vertical channel profiles to examine the effects of channel geometry on valve leak rates. The PDMS-based technology allows for the fabrication of devices with extremely small reaction volumes and parallel sample processing, making these devices ideally suited to applications which require high throughput processing and the ability to conduct parallel assays with very limited volumes of reagent and sample. We describe the applications of this technology to protein crystallization in particular.

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Yoshimura, Masataka, Satoshi Yoshida, Yoshinori Konishi, Kazuhiro Izui, Shinji Nishiwaki, Yutaka Inamori, Ayako Nomura, Keiji Mitsuyuki, Yuji Kawaguchi, and Toru Inagaki. "A Collaborative Rapid Analysis Method for Decision-Making in Assembly Line Design." In ASME 2004 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2004-57370.

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Many highly accurate computer simulation tools have been developed for assembly line design, such as for simulation of assembly processes, but these tools require much input information and are generally utilized only in detailed design stages. This paper proposes a rapid analysis method for manual assembly line design, which can be utilized in the conceptual design stage. This method is based on a layout tool where design engineers can construct assembly line models using 2- and 3-D views. This method provides design evaluation techniques for multiple important criteria such as volume flexibility, visibility, and so on, using the layout data. Spatial evaluation and quantitative efficiency analyses can be simultaneously performed, which enhance collaborative decision-making in the conceptual design stage.

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Panta, Yogendra M., Param C. Adhikari, and Sanket Aryal. "Development of a Electro-Osmotic Micromixer for Uniform and Rapid Mixing." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80641.

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Micro Total Analysis Systems (μTAS) require rapid yet homogeneous mixing of a number of fluid streams that carry bio/chemical species in the solution. Current analysis has been continued from our previously published work [1]. New models were designed by rendering some particular fluid and geometric variables from the original design and then analyzed for the degree of mixing effectiveness. A careful placement of obstacles in the mixing zone of the model and the electrodes in it showed enhancement in mixing performance. In addition, models with varied geometrical parameters such as converging inlet and diverging outlet yielded even better mixing capabilities. Concentration variances over time at the outlet were simultaneously compared in all models for mixing. Also average concentration was tracked over time so as to confirm the uniformity in mixing. The concentration variances at the outlet have been dramatically observed to be reduced by a factor of at least 10 from our designs as reported earlier [1].

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Звіти організацій з теми "Requête rapide"

Torres, Marissa, and Norberto Nadal-Caraballo. Rapid tidal reconstruction with UTide and the ADCIRC tidal database. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41503.

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The quantification of storm surge is vital for flood hazard assessment in communities affected by coastal storms. The astronomical tide is an integral component of the total still water level needed for accurate storm surge estimates. Coastal hazard analysis methods, such as the Coastal Hazards System and the StormSim Coastal Hazards Rapid Prediction System, require thousands of hydrodynamic and wave simulations that are computationally expensive. In some regions, the inclusion of astronomical tides is neglected in the hydrodynamics and tides are instead incorporated within the probabilistic framework. There is a need for a rapid, reliable, and accurate tide prediction methodology to provide spatially dense reconstructed or predicted tidal time series for historical, synthetic, and forecasted hurricane scenarios. A methodology is proposed to combine the tidal harmonic information from the spatially dense Advanced Circulation hydrodynamic model tidal database with a rapid tidal reconstruction and prediction program. In this study, the Unified Tidal Analysis program was paired with results from the tidal database. This methodology will produce reconstructed (i.e., historical) and predicted tidal heights for coastal locations along the United States eastern seaboard and beyond and will contribute to the determination of accurate still water levels in coastal hazard analysis methods.

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Berney, Ernest, Naveen Ganesh, Andrew Ward, J. Newman, and John Rushing. Methodology for remote assessment of pavement distresses from point cloud analysis. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40401.

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The ability to remotely assess road and airfield pavement condition is critical to dynamic basing, contingency deployment, convoy entry and sustainment, and post-attack reconnaissance. Current Army processes to evaluate surface condition are time-consuming and require Soldier presence. Recent developments in the area of photogrammetry and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) enable rapid generation of three-dimensional point cloud models of the pavement surface. Point clouds were generated from data collected on a series of asphalt, concrete, and unsurfaced pavements using ground- and aerial-based sensors. ERDC-developed algorithms automatically discretize the pavement surface into cross- and grid-based sections to identify physical surface distresses such as depressions, ruts, and cracks. Depressions can be sized from the point-to-point distances bounding each depression, and surface roughness is determined based on the point heights along a given cross section. Noted distresses are exported to a distress map file containing only the distress points and their locations for later visualization and quality control along with classification and quantification. Further research and automation into point cloud analysis is ongoing with the goal of enabling Soldiers with limited training the capability to rapidly assess pavement surface condition from a remote platform.

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Adams, Sophie, Lisa Diamond, Tara Esterl, Peter Fröhlich, Rishabh Ghotge, Regina Hemm, Ida Marie Henriksen, et al. Social License to Automate: Emerging Approaches to Demand Side Management. IEA User-Centred Energy Systems Technology Collaboration Programme, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47568/4xr122.

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The Social License to Automate Task has investigated the social dimensions of user engagement with automated technologies in energy systems to understand how end-user trust to automate is built and maintained in different jurisdictions and cultural settings. The rapid uptake of renewable energy systems will require new automated technologies to balance energy supplies. Some developers are looking to locate these in households where energy is being used. This saves moving the energy from centralised generation sites (remote hydro, solar or wind). This report details the findings from a 2 year project with 16 researchers in 6 countries, 26 Case studies spanning electric vehicles, home and precinct batteries, air conditioners and other heat pumps.

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Dempsey, Terri L. Handling the Qualitative Side of Mixed Methods Research: A Multisite, Team-Based High School Education Evaluation Study. RTI Press, September 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2018.mr.0039.1809.

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Attention to mixed methods studies research has increased in recent years, particularly among funding agencies that increasingly require a mixed methods approach for program evaluation. At the same time, researchers operating within large-scale, rapid-turnaround research projects are faced with the reality that collection and analysis of large amounts of qualitative data typically require an intense amount of project resources and time. However, practical examples of efficiently collecting and handling high-quality qualitative data within these studies are limited. More examples are also needed of procedures for integrating the qualitative and quantitative strands of a study from design to interpretation in ways that can facilitate efficiencies. This paper provides a detailed description of the strategies used to collect and analyze qualitative data in what the research team believed to be an efficient, high-quality way within a team-based mixed methods evaluation study of science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) high-school education. The research team employed an iterative approach to qualitative data analysis that combined matrix analyses with Microsoft Excel and the qualitative data analysis software program ATLAS.ti. This approach yielded a number of practical benefits. Selected preliminary results illustrate how this approach can simplify analysis and facilitate data integration.

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Gallardo, Laura, Rafiq Hamdi, A. K. M. Saiful Islam, Ian Klaus, Zbigniew Klimont, Jagdish Krishnaswamy, Izidine Pinto, et al. What the Latest Physical Science of Climate Change Means for Cities. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/supsv108.2022.

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The 6 th Assessment Report cycle of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (AR6) comes at a precipitous moment in history. Human influence has warmed the planet, and widespread and rapid impacts are occurring to natural and human systems in all regions of the world. In response, immediate action is needed if there is to be any hope of limiting global warming to 1.5°C or well below 2°C below pre-industrial levels, as well as preparing for and adapting to current and future risks. The transformations needed in response to climate change will require decisive action in cities and urban areas. Cities and urban areas are a major source and driver of emissions; they are also crucial sites for system transitions in the near term and transformations over longer time frames

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Carrillo, Carra, S. McKay, Safra Altman, and Todd Swannack. Ecological model development : Toolkit for interActive Modeling (TAM). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45101.

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Ecological models provide crucial tools for informing many aspects of ecosystem restoration and management, ranging from increasing understanding of complex ecological functions to prioritizing restoration sites and quantifying benefits for project reporting. The diversity of ecosystem types and restoration objectives often precludes the use of existing models; as such, model development is commonly required to inform restoration decision-making. Index-based habitat models are a common approach for assessing ecosystem condition. These models relate habitat quality to species’ distributions. Habitat suitability (quality) typically ranges on a scale from 0 to 1. Habitat models have been developed to assess habitat suitability for specific taxa, communities, or ecosystem functions. Restoration-project timelines often require that these models be developed rapidly and in conjunction with many external stakeholders or partners. Here, the Toolkit for interActive Modeling (TAM) is proposed as a platform for rapidly developing index-based models, particularly for US Army Corps of Engineers’ (USACE) ecosystem-restoration or mitigation planning processes. The TAM is a consistent quantitative framework that allows for development of a generic platform for index-based model development.

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Rob, Ubaidur, and Donna Nager. Support for research, dissemination, utilization, and policy in Bangladesh. Population Council, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1995.1030.

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Through the initiative of the Family Planning Fortnight: Meeting the Future Challenges, held in December 1993, the Government of Bangladesh made a policy statement about the critical importance of dealing with the nation's population problem. The Fortnight provided the strategic framework for developing actions to strengthen the National Family Planning Program that would meet the country's population challenges. To initiate rapid action, the Family Planning Fortnight Steering Committee, under the chairmanship of the Secretary, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, formed a working group to prepare a report that would capitalize on all earlier efforts and lay out a plan of action. The working group identified a number of priority areas requiring immediate action to regain the momentum of the National Family Planning Program, and to ensure success in meeting the government's demographic, social, and economic goals. The working group recognized that there are a number of long-term, strategic policy issues that also require quick attention. As noted in this report, efforts to increase the dissemination and utilization of research results for policy formulation have been productive in Bangladesh from the perspective of the government, NG0s, and donors.

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Warrick, Arthur, Uri Shani, Dani Or, and Muluneh Yitayew. In situ Evaluation of Unsaturated Hydraulic Properties Using Subsurface Points. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7570566.bard.

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The primary information for accurately predicting water and solute movement and their impact on water quality is the characterization of soil hydraulic properties. This project was designed to develop methods for rapid and reliable estimates of unsaturated hydraulic properties of the soil. Particularly, in situ methodology is put forth, based on subsurface point sources. Devices were designed to allow introduction of water in subsurface settings at constant negative heads. The ability to operate at a negative head allows a direct method of finding unsaturated soil properties and a mechanism for eliminating extremely rapid preferential flow from the slow matrix flow. The project included field, laboratory and modeling components. By coupling the measurements and the modeling together, a wider range of designs can be examined, while at the same time realistic performance is assured. The developed methodology greatly expands the possibilities for evaluating hydraulic properties in place, especially for measurements in undisturbed soil within plant rooting zones. The objectives of the project were (i) To develop methods for obtaining rapid and reliable estimates of unsaturated hydraulic properties in situ, based on water distribution from subsurface point sources. These can be operated with a constant flow or at a constant head; (ii) To develop methods for distinguishing between matrix and preferential flow using cavities/permeameters under tension; (iii) To evaluate auxiliary measurements such as soil water content or tensions near the operating cavities to improve reliability of results; and (iv: To develop numerical and analytical models for obtaining soil hydraulic properties based on measurements from buried-cavity sources and the auxiliary measurements. The project began in July 1995 and was terminated in November 1998. All of the objectives were pursued. Three new subsurface point sources were designed and tested and two old types were also used. Two of the three new designs used a nylon cloth membrane (30 mm) arranged in a cylindrical geometry and operating at a negative water pressure (tension). A separate bladder arrangement allowed inflation under a positive pressure to maintain contact between the membrane and the soil cavity. The third new design used porous stainless steel (0.5 and 5 mm) arranged in six segments, each with its own water inlet, assembled to form a cylindrical supply surface when inflated in a borehole. The "old" types included an "off-the-shelf" porous cup as well as measurements from a subsurface drip emitter in a small subsurface cavity. Reasonable measurements were made with all systems. Sustained use of the cloth membrane devices were difficult because of leaks and plugging problems. All of the devices require careful consideration to assure contact with the soil system. Steady flow was established which simplified the analysis (except for the drip emitter which used a transient analysis).

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Rycroft, Taylor, Sabrina Larkin, Alexander Ganin, Treye Thomas, Joanna Matheson, Tessa Van Grack, Xinrong Chen, Kenton Plourde, Alan Kennedy, and Igor Linkov. A framework and pilot tool for the risk-based prioritization and grouping of nano-enabled consumer products. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41721.

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The use of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in consumer products has expanded rapidly, revealing both innovative improvements over conventional materials, and the potential for novel risks to human health and the environment. As the number of new nano-enabled products and the volume of toxicity data on ENMs continues to grow, regulatory agencies like the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) – a small, independent federal agency responsible for protecting consumers from unreasonable risks associated with product use – will require the ability to screen and group a diverse array of nano-enabled consumer products based on their potential risks to consumers. Such prioritization would allow efficient allocation of limited resources for subsequent testing and evaluation of high-risk products and materials. To enable this grouping and prioritization for further testing, we developed a framework that establishes a prioritization score by evaluating a nano-enabled product's potential hazard and exposure, as well as additional consideration of regulatory importance. We integrate the framework into a pilot version software tool and, using a hypothetical case study, we demonstrate that the tool can effectively rank nano-enabled consumer products and can be adjusted for use by agencies with different priorities. The proposed decision-analytical framework and pilot-version tool presented here could enable a regulatory agency like the CPSC to triage reported safety concerns more effectively and allocate limited resources more efficiently.

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Fitzpatrick, Rachael. Evidence on the Impact of Population Growth on Education Financing and Provision in Tanzania. Institute of Development Studies, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.072.

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Tanzania has made great strides in increasing enrolment rates amidst a rapidly growing population. However, despite gains made in primary enrolment, completion rates have not exceeded 70% in the past five years, and enrolment at secondary level remains low (37%). An analysis of expenditure suggests a lack of equitability in distribution of funds within the education sector. Having achieved near universal enrolment at primary level, since 2016 the Government of Tanzania has almost doubled spend on secondary education and increased spending on higher education. In the same period, however, spend per pupil at primary level has halved suggesting that budget is being directed away from pre-primary and primary education to fund secondary, with higher education slightly increasing. Furthermore, the Education Sector Analysis outlines that 35% of the education budget is spent on the top 10% highest educated in the system (Kahangwa et al. 2021, 168). In addition to disparities on spend by education level, regional differences persist in the number of classrooms, textbooks, desks and teacher shortages also exist. Despite current disparities and challenges, Tanzania’s economic growth in recent years suggests that, with increased commitment in minimum spending on education as a proportion of GDP, the education needs of the population could be met. However, this would assume continued economic growth and require a greater proportion of spend to be allocated to education, suggesting trade-offs may be required.

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