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Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022
Оновлено: 29 липня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Reproductive rights – United States"

1

Johnson, María Cecilia. "Assisted Reproductive Techniques and Catholicism(s) in the US." Religion and Gender 9, no. 2 (December 10, 2019): 147–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18785417-00902001.

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Abstract Assisted Reproductive Techniques (ART s) have proposed a new way of understanding notions of sexuality, reproduction, gestation, and family, and these transformations have arguably been a challenge in the religious field. This study aims to analyze the stances taken within the Catholic spectrum in the United States on ART s. Catholicism in the United States is an internally heterogeneous space, and different agents have taken diverse stances on ART s, with an impact on health care regulations, Catholic facilities administrations, and Catholics’ and non-Catholics’ reproductive rights. Drawing from a qualitative, interpretive, and documentary analysis of three organizations (the US Conference of catholic bishops, the Catholic Health Organization, and Catholics for Choice), this article proposes some guidelines to analyze and understand the arguments and strategies of various Catholics actors in the United States regarding reproductive healthcare and ART s in the United States.
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Heinemann, Isabel. "Abortion and adoption as two poles of reproductive decision-making in the United States during the 1980s." Journal of Modern European History 17, no. 3 (June 20, 2019): 280–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1611894419854622.

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The 1980s were characterized not only by Ronald Reagan’s rhetoric of ‘traditional family values’ but also by a fierce anti-abortion movement that challenged the legalization of abortion. While the women’s movement fought to preserve abortion rights and reproductive choice, an organization that originated with the 1970s women’s rights and self-help movements conceived ‘adoption’ as a moral alternative to abortion. The self-help organization Concerned United Birthparents, founded in 1976 sought the opening of records and moral recognition for ‘birthmothers’ (and later ‘birth-parents’ in general). While their emphasis on adoption as an alternative to abortion seemed to meet with President Reagan’s pro-adoption campaign and the Christian Right’s support for adoption, Concerned United Birthparents nonetheless pursued an agenda of its own, demanding respect and legitimacy for unmarried women’s reproductive decision-making. This article draws primarily on the records of Concerned United Birthparents to develop a new perspective on single women’s changing perception of their reproductive rights and choices in the 1980s. Transforming an originally conservative claim (‘adoption instead of abortion’) into individual ‘adoption rights’ and an inclusive concept of ‘choice’, Concerned United Birthparents drew on the social movements of the period. Moreover, it provided a case for liberal reproductive decision-making within an ultra-conservative political climate that challenges the assumption of an all-encompassing conservative revolution.
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3

Dobrowolska, Karolina. "PRAWA REPRODUKCYJNE I SEKSUALNE W ONZ I ICH DOKTRYNALNE UWARUNKOWANIA." Zeszyty Prawnicze 16, no. 2 (December 9, 2016): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/zp.2016.16.2.08.

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Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights at the United Nations and Their Doctrinal Background Summary The concept of sexual and reproductive health and rights still remains unclear in the international law regime. Despite the fact that during the United Nations International Conference on Population and Development in Cairo (1994), all UN Member States agreed that the term sexual and reproductive health and rights does not contain the “right to abortion,” one can observe continuous attempts to renegotiate the established consensus. The discussion on SRHR is exerting a great impact on the policy of international organizations and therefore it has a potential to create obligations on their Member States. The aim of this article is to present the history of the concept of “sexual and reproductive health and rights” and to analyze it in two aspects. First, the article elaborates on the doctrinal and ideological connotations of SRHR construction. It shows how the SRHR construction derives from feminist theories that regard the spheres of procreation and sexuality as the main sources of inequality between men and women. Second, the article shows how feminist concepts of human sexuality have influenced and shaped the legal constructions of international treaties under the UN auspices.
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4

Price, Kimala. "What Is Reproductive Justice?" Meridians 19, S1 (December 1, 2020): 340–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/15366936-8566034.

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Abstract Frustrated by the individualist approach of the “choice” paradigm used by the mainstream reproductive rights movement in the United States, a growing coalition of women of color organizations and their allies have sought to redefine and broaden the scope of reproductive rights by using a human rights framework. Dubbing itself “the movement for reproductive justice,” this coalition connects reproductive rights to other social justice issues such as economic justice, education, immigrant rights, environmental justice, sexual rights, and globalization, and believes that this new framework will encourage more women of color and other marginalized groups to become more involved in the political movement for reproductive freedom. Using narrative analysis, this essay explores what reproductive justice means to this movement, while placing it within the political, social, and cultural context from which it emerged.
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5

Critchlow, Donald T. "Birth Control, Population Control, and Family Planning: An Overview." Journal of Policy History 7, no. 1 (January 1995): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898030600004127.

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The cultural fission created by the controversy over birth control and abortion, as Juvenal's satiric comment above indicates, has a long and bitter history. The emergence of the modern state, however, transformed cultural differences into political acrimony as reproduction rights became public policy. In the United States, reproductive rights in the post-World War II period became a matter of political controversy when the federal government began to fund family planning programs domestically and abroad in the 1960s.
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Kosikhina, Svetlana Stepanovna. "WOMEN’S REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS IN THE UNITED STATES (CASE STUDY TEXAS HEARTBEAT ACT)." Вестник Амурского государственного университета. Серия: Гуманитарные науки, no. 96 (2022): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/20730284_2022_96_38.

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Beckman, Linda J. "Abortion in the United States: The continuing controversy." Feminism & Psychology 27, no. 1 (February 2017): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959353516685345.

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In the United States, abortion rates have been falling for several decades while attitudes have remained relatively stable. Given this background, this paper examines the current status of the fluid and contentious US abortion debate. Five relevant questions are examined: (1) What is responsible for the new wave of restrictive laws and what are their effects? (2) What is most likely responsible for changes in abortion rates? (3) What are the effects of the addition of medication abortion into the mix of abortion services? (4) What forces continue to fuel economic, geographic and racial/ethnic disparities in access to abortion services? (5) Why have gay rights been embraced by a majority of the US public and supported in legislation and judicial decisions, while during this same time period abortion rights have stagnated or declined? It is crucial for feminists to continue to promote the cause of abortion and other reproductive rights. Most important, however, is a focus on broader social issues for women (e.g., adequate education, affordable day care) and the underlying causes of unequal power in society.
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8

Hodge, James G., Jennifer L. Piatt, Leila Barraza, and Erica N. White. "Regressive Federalism, Rights Reversals, and the Public’s Health." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 50, no. 2 (2022): 375–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jme.2022.65.

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AbstractAs the United States emerges from the worst public health threat it has ever experienced, the Supreme Court is poised to reconsider constitutional principles from bygone eras. Judicial proposals to roll back rights under a federalism infrastructure grounded in states’ interests threaten the nation’s legal fabric at a precarious time. This column explores judicial shifts in 3 key public health contexts — reproductive rights, vaccinations, and national security — and their repercussions.
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Nwaogazie, Innocent. "Diagnosis of Abortion Laws in Nigeria and Human Rights Trajectory: Lessons from Great Britain and United States of America." Nigerian Juridical Review 16 (June 28, 2022): 219–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.56284/tnjr.v16i1.21.

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Abortion is the termination of pregnancy before its birth for whatever reason. The present study is concerned with therapeutic abortion which is criminalized in Nigeria been the focus of this study. The Nigerian societal attitude to abortion is one of stereotyped stigmatization notwithstanding the validity of the reasons. The aim of the study is to examine the trajectory between abortion laws and human rights in Nigeria and the lessons Nigeria can learn from Great Britain and United States jurisdictions. The objective is to interrogate the extant abortion laws with a view to locating their inadequacies in the area of both the African and international human rights concerns of sexual and reproductive health of women on abortion rights. Using doctrinal design by reliance on primary and secondary sources analysed through deductive reasoning based on extant statutes and case law, this study interrogated the extant abortion laws in Nigeria in juxtaposition with the British and the United States legal framework on abortion as well as critical examination of the African and international human rights jurisprudences, and found out that the current position of abortion law in Nigeria is not in the same wavelength with both the African and international human rights jurisprudences on sexual and reproductive health rights of females to access safe abortions implicit in the fundamental rights and freedoms of privacy, non-discrimination, right to life, good health and bodily autonomy as it relates to unwanted pregnancies induced by other factors such as rape, incest or severe foetus abnormalities. The study recommended law reform by using the models provided by the British and United States legal framework to allow women access to legal abortion in deserving cases in conformity with African and international human rights treaties.
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Gozdecka, Dorota Anna. "Backlash or Widening the Gap?: Women’s Reproductive Rights in the Twenty-First Century." Laws 9, no. 1 (February 20, 2020): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/laws9010008.

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This article examines legal challenges to women’s reproductive rights in Ireland and the United States, arguing that backlash against reproductive rights is a consequence of the long unsettled position of women’s reproductive freedom in liberal democracies and the catalogue of rights. It examines the legal foundations of reproductive rights and their perceived conflicts with other values, such as religion, and focuses on the current legal challenges to women’s bodily autonomy regarding choice and motherhood. It demonstrates the many contexts in which women have not acquired full reproductive freedom, and explores the nature of the current backlash. It argues that the nature of the backlash is not simply a reclamation of what has been legally guaranteed, but instead a deepening of the preexisting divides within reproductive justice globally.
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Дисертації з теми "Reproductive rights – United States"

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Yelverton, Brittany. "The representation of women's reproductive rights in the American feminist blogosphere: an analysis of the debate around women's reproductive rights and abortion legislation in response to the reformation of the United States health care system in 2009/10." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002949.

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This study investigates the representation of women's reproductive rights in the feminist blogopshere during 2009/10 United States health care reform. Focusing on two purposively selected feminist blogsites - Feministing and Jezebel- it critically examines the discursive and rhetorical strategies employed by feminist bloggers to contest the erosion of women's reproductive rights as proposed in health care reform legislation. While the reformation of the U.S. health care system was a lengthy process, my analysis is confined to feminist blog posts published in November 2009, December 2009 and March 2010. These three months have been designated as they are roughly representative of three pivotal stages in health care reform: the drafting of the House of Representatives health care reform bill and Stupak Amendment in November 2009, the creation of the Senate health care bill inclusive of the Nelson compromise in December 2009, and the passage of the finalised health care reform bill, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and supplementary executive order, in March 2010. This study is informed by feminist poststructuralist theory and Foucault's conceptions of discourse and power - an appropriate framework for identifying and analysing the unequal power relations that exist between men and women in patriarchal societies. Foucault conceives of discourse as both socially constituted and constitutive and contends that through the constitution of knowledge, discourses designate acceptable ways of talking, writing, and behaving, while simultaneously restricting and prohibiting alternatives, thereby granting power and authority to specific discourses. However, Foucault also stresses the multi-directionality of power and asserts that though hegemonic discourses are privileged over others, power lays in discursive practice at all social sites; hence the socially and politically transformative power of contesting discourses. Critical discourse analysis is informed by this critical theory of language and regards the use of language as a form of social practice located within its specific historical context. Therefore, it is through engaging in the struggle over meaning and producing different 'truths' through the reappropriation of language that the possibility of social change exists. Employing narrative, linguistic and rhetorical analysis, this study identifies the discursive strategies and tactics utilised by feminist bloggers to combat and contest anti-choice health care legislation. The study further seeks to determine how arguments supportive of women's reproductive rights are framed and how feminist discourses are privileged while patriarchal discourse is contested. Drawing on public sphere theory, I argue that the feminist blogosphere constitutes a counter-public which facili tates the articulation and circulation of marginalised and counter-discourses. I conclude this study by examining the feminist blogopshere's role in promoting political change and transformation through alternative representations of women and their reproductive rights.
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2

Sloan, Tyler E. "The Abortion Burden: Examining Abortion Access, Undue Burden and Supreme Court Rulings in the United States." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1494418153379172.

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Fair, Alexandra Kathryn. "“THE PEOPLE WHO NEED US READ BETWEEN THE LINES”: THE FACES OF EUGENIC IDEOLOGY IN THE POST-WWII UNITED STATES." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1556874590527973.

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4

Park, Daniel H. "The Development of United States Property Rights." Thesis, Boston College, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/498.

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Thesis advisor: Dennis Hale
The right to property is debatably the most fundamental American right, and its breadth and strength is more controversial today than ever before. Thus it is more important than ever to understand that its development was not accidental but has had a long and fascinating history. Such a conception of property was theoretically formed by John Locke, recognized by the Founding Fathers in the U.S. Constitution, and developed through case law. The purpose of this thesis is to show the significance of the idea of private property for America and its citizens, the development and history of that idea through past cases, and the implications of the idea and its development of the future of America
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2007
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Political Science
Discipline: College Honors Program
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5

Klepper, Howard. "Liberalism and the rights of children." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186639.

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My dissertation examines the rights of children in the context of liberal conceptions of justice. The theoretical aspects of the dissertation concern liberal paternalism, autonomy, and the adequacy of Rawls's argument for the lexical priority of liberty. I apply my theoretical conclusions to practical issues of medical decision making for children, compulsory education, parental and state authority, and the age of majority. I begin with an analysis of paternalism in liberal political theory and its justificatory bases in the concepts of rationality and autonomy. On the basis of empirical studies of children's rationality I draw the preliminary conclusion that the age of majority should be lowered to fourteen years. Next, I consider utilitarian justifications for paternalistic treatment of children. I conclude that utilitarianism leads to an illiberal paternalism that would both maintain the present age of majority and call for expanded compulsory education and compulsory parent training. In light of utilitarian objections to rationality-based paternalism I consider whether the scope of liberal paternalism might be expanded to give greater weight to welfarist concerns. I argue against Rawls's lexical priority of liberty and for a more flexible balancing of liberty against welfare within the conception of justice as fairness. Turning to concrete problems, I analyze recent cases in law involving transplantation of organs between siblings, and argue that the nature of intimate relationships provides a ground for the partial compromise of freedom of the person in the context of family medical needs. However, I contend that adolescents should have authority to make their own medical decisions at age fourteen. I consider the proper scope of parental authority to shape the lives and values of children. I consider the justification and scope of compulsory education and propose a non-compulsory incentive system for continued education after the age of fourteen years. On the basis of my earlier argument for balancing welfare against liberty, I claim that it is permissible and advisable to set a higher age threshold for drinking, driving, marriage, and military service than is set for majority generally.
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6

Jones, Alfred Renard. "Civil rights initiation and implementation the role of the United States' president 1960-1980 /." Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 1993. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.

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Thesis (M.P.A.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 1993.
Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2945. Abstract precedes thesis title page as [2] preliminary leaves. Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 88-91).
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Thalmann, Vanessa. "Prison labour for private corporations : the impact of human rights." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82672.

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In the past two decades, the prison population has increased considerably in many industrialized countries. In the United States, for example, the prison population has more than quadrupled since 1980. As a response to the considerable incarceration costs, the number of private prisons and the number of prisoners working for private corporations have increased significantly. Proponents of private sector involvement in prison industries argue that inmate labour can reduce the incarceration costs and contribute to rehabilitation of prisoners.
The question of private sector involvement in prison facilities raises significant concerns as regards to international labour standards. Opponents of private sector involvement argue that private hiring of prison labour can involve exploitation. They also argue that the authority for punishment is a core governmental function that cannot be delegated to the private sector. Furthermore, in most cases, labour and social security laws are not applied to inmates. Therefore, prison labour can constitute unfair competition with free labour or even go as far as to replace free labour.
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8

Pascale, Meredith Grace. "Determining a legacy John F. Kennedy's civil rights record /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2009.

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Tuchovsky, Charleen M. "Galatea's uprising activism in the United States sex workers' rights movement /." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU0NWQmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=3739.

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Jürgens, Ralf Erich 1961. "Equality and gay rights in the United States and in Canada." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59933.

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Both in Canada and in the United States the law disadvantages gay men and lesbians.
This master's thesis considers whether the guarantee of equality in the U.S. Constitution and in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms can change this situation.
The first part argues that in theory the Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection clause provides a promising basis for challenges to policies and statutes that discriminate against gays. Nevertheless, these challenges are unlikely to be successful because most U.S. courts fail to see beyond the stereotypes that prevent homosexuals from gaining access to their civil rights.
The second part contends that the approach to constitutional equality taken by the Supreme Court of Canada might be more helpful in eradicating discrimination against gays. Challenges of, e.g., policies excluding homosexuals from the Canadian Forces or the exclusion of same-sex couples from the benefits that heterosexual couples enjoy should be successful.
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Книги з теми "Reproductive rights – United States"

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1964-, Dudley William, ed. Reproductive rights. San Diego, Calif: Greenhaven Press, 2006.

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A, Baer Judith, ed. Historical and multicultural encyclopedia of women's reproductive rights in the United States. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 2002.

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Nancy, Ehrenreich, ed. The reproductive rights reader. New York: New York University Press, 2007.

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4

Solinger, Rickie. Reproductive politics: What everyone needs to know. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.

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5

Knudsen, Lara M. Reproductive rights in a global context: South Africa, Uganda, Peru, Denmark, United States, Vietnam, Jordan. Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University Press, 2006.

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6

Gerber, Fried Marlene, ed. From abortion to reproductive freedom: Transforming a movement. Boston, MA: South End Press, 1990.

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7

Solinger, Rickie. Pregnancy and power: A short history of reproductive politics in America. New York: New York University Press, 2005.

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8

Breastfeeding Rights in the United States (Reproductive Rights and Policy). Praeger Publishers, 2007.

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9

Reproductive Politics in the United States. Taylor & Francis Group, 2022.

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10

Price, Kimala. Reproductive Politics in the United States. Taylor & Francis Group, 2022.

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Частини книг з теми "Reproductive rights – United States"

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DeArmey, Michael H. "Bill of Rights III: Reproductive Rights and Sexual Non-discrimination." In The Constitution of the United States Revised and Updated, 217–33. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40426-9_10.

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Gelb, Joyce. "Reproductive Rights Policy in the United States and Japan." In Gender Policies in Japan and the United States, 83–102. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403976789_5.

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Mishkin, Kathryn, and Luisa Fernandes. "Doulas as Agents of Reproductive Justice Who Promote of Women’s International Human Rights: An Evidence-Based Review and Comparative Case Study Between Brazil and the United States." In Reproductive Ethics II, 161–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89429-4_13.

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4

Wolohan, John T. "United States." In TV Rights and Sport, 567–86. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-487-5_38.

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Dohrn, Bernardine. "United States." In Litigating the Rights of the Child, 71–87. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9445-9_5.

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Corby, Susan, and Pete Burgess. "United States of America." In Adjudicating Employment Rights, 188–205. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137269201_12.

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Janis, Mark Weston. "United States of America." In Judging International Human Rights, 589–604. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94848-5_24.

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Head, Michael. "The United States." In Domestic Military Powers, Law and Human Rights, 38–59. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020. | Series: International and comparative criminal justice: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429325489-4.

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Baehr, Peter R. "The United States." In The Role of Human Rights in Foreign Policy, 83–95. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25046-2_7.

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Baehr, Peter R. "The United States." In The Role of Human Rights in Foreign Policy, 81–93. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23480-6_7.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Reproductive rights – United States"

1

Xie, Jinyu, and Chuanji Zhang. "Comparative Analysis of Women’s Rights in the United States and Modern China." In 2021 5th International Seminar on Education, Management and Social Sciences (ISEMSS 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210806.080.

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SLIME, Soulef. "TYPES OF RIGHTS FOR REFUGEES." In International Research Congress of Contemporary Studies in Social Sciences (Rimar Congress 2). Rimar Academy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/rimarcongress2-5.

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International protection of refugees is one of the most important issues both at the domestic level of States and at the international level. Refugee protection is a human rights issue, but it is unique to refugee because of their status in the asylum State. As a result, many of the rights enjoyed by the latter within the framework of the so-called international protection of refugee, as enshrined in the 1951 United Nation Convention on refugees, as well as human rights charters, have been recognized.
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3

Krainii, P. I. "SECTION 24. Comparative legal analysis of administrative and legal regulation of advisory bodies in the United States of America and Ukraine." In HUMAN RIGHTS AND PUBLIC GOVERNANCE IN MODERN CONDITIONS. Baltija Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-320-0-24.

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4

Skelton, Kara, and Erin Donahue. "Cannabis Nomenclature: Perceptions and Preferences Among Women of Reproductive Age." In 2022 Annual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.02.000.04.

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Background: Cannabis use among women of reproductive age has been rapidly increasing over the past decade in the United States (US). Effective communication about risks of cannabis use is essential for preventing adverse health effects. However, prevention efforts, including public health messaging and clinician-directed communication often interchange the terms marijuana and cannabis. Few studies have examined how women perceive cannabis terminology to guide the development of cannabis prevention efforts. Methods: In April of 2021, we recruited women of reproductive age (18-40 years) for an online survey. We collected sociodemographic information and asked women about their knowledge of and attitudes towards cannabis, including perceptions of cannabis terminology. We used descriptive statistics and chi-squared tests to examine variations in cannabis terminology perceptions and preferences across sociodemographic characteristics and state-level cannabis policies. Results: Our sample (N=166) consisted of predominantly low-income (52.63%), white (77.19%) women, of whom 58.9% were currently pregnant or pregnant within the last 2 years. About 23.49% of women perceived the word marijuana to reference the smoked form of the plant only (e.g., joint). Although not statistically significant, more women residing in states where recreational cannabis was legal were more likely to report this perception (26.56%) compared to women residing in states yet to legalize cannabis (21.57%). Overall, most women (62.42%) preferred that the term, cannabis should be used when referencing THC-containing products. Conclusions: Future cannabis prevention efforts should consider these findings when designing interventions and public health campaigns to address cannabis use among women of reproductive age, including pregnant women.
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5

Anyalechi, G., J. Hong, D. Danavall, D. Martin, S. Gwyn, P. Horner, B. Raphael, R. Kirkcaldy, E. Kersh, and K. Bernstein. "O20.3 Quantitative Chlamydia trachomatis Pgp3 seropositivity and reproductive sequelae among women, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, United States, 2013–2016." In Abstracts for the STI & HIV World Congress, July 14–17 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2021-sti.166.

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6

G. Emanuel, Nicholas. "Reestablishing the Protection of Civil Rights How Systemic Deterrents to Filing Civil Rights Lawsuits are Undermining Civil Rights Protection Laws in the United States, and What Can Be Done to Reverse That Trend." In Annual International Conference on Law, Regulations and Public Policy. Global Science & Technology Forum (GSTF), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2251-3809_lrpp15.41.

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7

Krug, Lindsey. "Corpus Comunis: precedent, privacy, and the United States Supreme Court, in seven architectural case studies." In 111th ACSA Annual Meeting Proceedings. ACSA Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.111.57.

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Following World War II, as America grappled with the cultural revolution of the 1950s and 60s and defining its identity domestically and on the world stage, a core tenet of American life bubbled to the surface of political, social, and aesthetic discourse: privacy. Once the revelry of the Allies’ win in the World War cooled into the precarity of the Cold War, American democracy and the culture it afforded its citizens were positioned and advertised, first and foremost, in opposition to the totalitarian government and culture of the Soviet Union. In her book Pursuing Privacy in Cold War America (2002), American literature scholar Deborah Nelson attributes the eulogizing of privacy that emerged in Cold War America to heightened national security discourse and the accompanying fear of the Eastern Bloc.1 The trajectory of American life would be forever shaped by this discourse, and nowhere is its lasting influence more evident than in two layers of American infrastructure: law and the built environment. Conceptually, privacy presents a straightforward notion, so much so that it’s often defined and understood in a binary condition: that which is not public. However, the public versus private dichotomy quickly dissolves when presented in legal and architectural contexts. Perhaps surprisingly, the word privacy does not appear in the United States Constitution and, thus, has not always been a guar-anteed, fundamental right. Privacy was first acknowledged as a right bestowed in America’s founding documents in the U.S. Supreme Court (SCOTUS) case of Griswold v. Connecticut (1965). This case granted married couples the right to use contraception on the grounds that this was within the confines of their private lives and not to be meddled with by the government. Justice William Douglas wrote for the Court’s majority: “Specific guarantees in the Bill of Rights have penumbras, formed by emanations from those guarantees that help give them life and substance. Various guarantees create zones of privacy.”2 Exceedingly spatial in this description, these shadowy zones of implied privacy rights can be located in the First, Third, Fourth, Ninth, or Fourteenth Amendments, or some combination therein, depending on constitutional interpretation. In the discipline of architecture, where we construct and delineate private and public spaces, it’s worth mapping the evolution of legal privacy with the evolution of private space. Where do these zones of privacy exist spatially, and how are they occupied? How can we begin to characterize the role of architecture, past and present, as good or bad, antagonistic or protective, and as an active player in this discourse? Using digital modeling and imaging tools, Corpus Comunis assembles and excavates material from a lineage of seven Supreme Court cases from 1965 to 2022 to establish a cohesive visual language through which we can speculate on how law and architecture together have, and may continue to, define the extents of our private, interior lives.
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Dehghani, Hossein, Shihao Zhang, Pankaj Kulkarni, Pradipta Biswas, Leslie Simms, and Sang-Eun Song. "Design and Simulation of Robotic Needle Guide for Transperineal Prostate Biopsy." In 2018 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2018-6867.

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Prostate cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related death for males in the United States [1]. Over three million Americans with prostate cancer were reported in 2016 [2] marking the prostate cancer as the most prevalent cancer among males in the US. In 2016, 180,890 new cases and 26,120 deaths were reported [1]. The prostate is a male reproductive gland located in the pelvis and surrounded by the rectum posteriorly and the bladder superiorly.
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Petkova, Tatyana V., and Daniel Galily. "When you are named Ruth." In 8th International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences. Center for Open Access in Science, Belgrade, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32591/coas.e-conf.08.06085p.

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This study aims to recall the ideas and activities in the field of law, politics, philosophy, the struggle for democracy and respect for human rights of two bright and exceptional personalities who left this world last year: Ruth Gavison (her areas of study include ethnic conflicts, protection of minorities, human rights, political theory, the judiciary, religion and politics, and Israel as a Jewish and democratic state. She was a member of the Israeli Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Nominated as a Judge at the Supreme Court of Israel in 2005.) and Ruth Bader Ginsburg (Judge at the Supreme Court of the United States. She upholds and defends the rights of women and people of color, gender equality.).
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Deynekli, Adnan. "Field of Application of United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01265.

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United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) entered into force on the 1st August 2011 in Turkey. CISG is accepted with the purpose of development and encouragement of international trade and application of uniform rules for resolution of disputes arising from the contracts for the international sale of goods. CISG applies to contracts of sale of goods between parties whose places of business are in different states when the states are contracting states; or when the rules of private international law lead to the application of the law of a contracting state. Neither the nationality of the parties nor the civil or commercial character of the parties or of the contract is to be taken into consideration in determining the application of CISG. In order to apply CISG, there has to be a contract about international sale of goods and the parties shall be from different contracting states or the rules of private international law shall lead to the application of the law of a contracting state. The parties may totally or partially exclude the application of this CISG. CISG does not apply in terms of third party rights and the validity of the contract or of any of its provisions or of any usage.
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Звіти організацій з теми "Reproductive rights – United States"

1

Bruce, Judith, and Shelley Clark. The implications of early marriage for HIV/AIDS policy. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy22.1000.

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This brief is based on a background paper prepared for the WHO/UNFPA/Population Council Technical Consultation on Married Adolescents, held in Geneva, Switzerland, December 9–12, 2003. The final paper is entitled “Including married adolescents in adolescent reproductive health and HIV/AIDS policy.” The consultation brought together experts from the United Nations, donors, and nongovernmental agencies to consider the evidence regarding married adolescent girls’ reproductive health, vulnerability to HIV infection, social and economic disadvantage, and rights. The relationships to major policy initiatives—including safe motherhood, HIV, adolescent sexual and reproductive health, and reproductive rights—were explored, and emerging findings from the still relatively rare programs that are directed at this population were discussed. Married adolescent girls are outside the conventionally defined research interests, policy diagnosis, and basic interventions that have underpinned adolescent reproductive health programming and many HIV/AIDS prevention activities. They are an isolated, often numerically large, and extremely vulnerable segment of the population, largely untouched by current intervention strategies. As stated in this brief, promoting later marriage, to at least age 18, and shoring up protection options within marriage may be essential means of stemming the epidemic.
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Haberland, Nicole, Erica Chong, and Hillary J. Bracken. A world apart: The disadvantage and social isolation of married adolescent girls. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy22.1010.

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This brief is based on a paper prepared for the WHO/UNFPA/Population Council Technical Consultation on Married Adolescents, held in Geneva, Switzerland, December 9–12, 2003. The consultation brought together experts from the United Nations, donors, and nongovernmental agencies to consider the evidence regarding married adolescent girls’ reproductive health, vulnerability to HIV infection, social and economic disadvantage, and rights. The relationships to major policy initiatives—including safe motherhood, HIV, adolescent sexual and reproductive health, and reproductive rights—were explored, and emerging findings from the still relatively rare programs that are directed at this population were discussed. Despite the program attention and funding that have been devoted to adolescents, early marriage and married adolescents have fallen largely outside of the field’s concern. Comprising the majority of sexually active adolescent girls in developing countries, this large and vulnerable subpopulation has received neither program and policy consideration in the adolescent sexual and reproductive health field, nor special attention from reproductive health and development programs for adult women. While adolescent girls, irrespective of marital status, are vulnerable in many settings and deserve program, policy, and resource support, the purpose of this brief is to describe the distinctive and often disadvantaged situations of married girls and to propose possible future policy and program options.
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Skuster, Patty, Elizabeth A. Sully, and Amy Friedrich-Karnik. Evidence for Ending the Global Gag Rule: A Multiyear Study in Two Countries. Guttmacher Institute, April 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1363/2024.300502.

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As a leading funder of global health programs, the United States has the power to make a tremendous impact on people’s sexual and reproductive health and rights. But restrictions on funding that target abortion care internationally have had broad, detrimental impacts on reproductive health care systems, advocacy and outcomes. Such is the case with the so-called global gag rule, a policy that conditions US global health assistance on nongovernmental organizations’ agreement not to provide or promote abortion. Our multiyear research study in Uganda and Ethiopia examines the impact of this policy in two countries that rely on US assistance for their family planning programs but where the legal context around abortion differs—highly restrictive in Uganda and liberal in Ethiopia. Until now, no research has fully captured the effects of the most recent implementation of the global gag rule, which, during the four-year Trump administration, was the greatest expansion of the policy in its history. The research shows how, in both countries, the gag rule stalled and even reversed progress toward expanded access to modern contraception, impacting the countries’ reproductive health outcomes, the ability of people to decide whether and when to have children, and overall bodily autonomy. Abortion care cannot be separated from reproductive health care; evidence clearly demonstrates that the US government’s attempts to limit abortion care through the gag rule also limit access to other essential sexual and reproductive health services. Although the gag rule is currently not in effect, the risk of an anti-abortion president reinstating and expanding the gag rule and causing significant harm to reproductive health progress globally remains. And even after the gag rule is rescinded, its effects persist. The time for a permanent end to the global gag rule is now.
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Cantor, Amy G., Rebecca M. Jungbauer, Andrea C. Skelly, Erica L. Hart, Katherine Jorda, Cynthia Davis-O'Reilly, Aaron B. Caughey, and Ellen L. Tilden. Respectful Maternity Care: Dissemination and Implementation of Perinatal Safety Culture To Improve Equitable Maternal Healthcare Delivery and Outcomes. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), January 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer269.

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Objective. To summarize current research defining and measuring respectful maternity care (RMC) and evaluate the effectiveness of RMC and implementation strategies to improve health outcomes, particularly for populations at risk for health disparities. Data sources. Ovid MEDLINE®, Embase®, and Cochrane CENTRAL from inception to November 2022 and SocINDEX to July 2023; manual review of reference lists and responses to a Federal Register Notice. Review methods. Dual review of eligible abstracts and full-text articles using predefined criteria. Data abstraction and quality assessment dual reviewed using established methods. Systematic evaluation of psychometric studies of RMC tools using adapted criteria. Meta-analysis not conducted due to heterogeneity of studies and limited data. Results. Searches identified 4,043 unique records. Thirty-seven studies were included across all questions, including the Contextual Question (CQ). Twenty-four validation studies (3 observational studies, 21 cross-sectional studies) evaluated 12 tools for measuring RMC. One randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluated RMC effectiveness. There were no effectiveness trials from settings relevant to clinical practice in the United States and no studies evaluating effectiveness of RMC implementation. For the CQ, 12 studies defined 12 RMC frameworks. Two types of frameworks defined RMC: (1) Disrespect and Abuse (D&A) and (2) Rights-Based. Components of D&A frameworks served as indicators for recognizing mistreatment during childbirth, while Rights-Based frameworks incorporated aspects of reproductive justice, human rights, and anti-racism. Overlapping themes from RMC frameworks included: freedom from abuse, consent, privacy, dignity, communication, safety, and justice. Tools that measured RMC performed well based on psychometric measures, but no single tool stood out as the best measure of RMC. The intrapartum version of the Mother’s Autonomy in Decision-Making (MADM), Mothers On Respect index (MORi), and the Childbirth Options, Information, and Person-Centered Explanation (CHOICES) index for measuring RMC demonstrated good overall validity based on analysis of psychometric properties and were applicable to U.S. populations. The Revised Childbirth Experience Questionnaire (CEQ-2) demonstrated good overall validity for measuring childbirth experiences and included RMC components. One fair-quality RCT from Iran demonstrated lower rates of postpartum depression at 6-8 weeks for those who received RMC compared with controls (20% [11/55] vs. 50% [27/54], p=0.001), measured by the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale. No studies evaluated any other health outcomes or measured the effectiveness of RMC implementation strategies. Conclusions. RMC frameworks with overlapping components, themes, and definitions were well described in the literature, but consensus around one operational definition is needed. Validated tools to measure RMC performed well based on psychometric measures but have been subject to limited evaluation. A reliable metric informed by a standard definition could lead to further evaluation and implementation in U.S. settings. Evidence is currently lacking on the effectiveness of strategies to implement RMC to improve any maternal or infant health outcome.
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Graef, Katherine. The European Court of Human Rights: Implications for United States National Security. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada613370.

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Jackson, Darla W. The European Convention on Human Rights: A Threat to United States-European Security Relations and the United States Military Justice System? Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada420659.

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Douglas-Hall, Ayana, Naomi Li, and Megan L. Kavanaugh. State-Level Estimates of Contraceptive Use in the United States, 2019. Guttmacher Institute, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1363/2020.32465.

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Nearly all women in the United States who have ever had sexual intercourse have used a contraceptive method at some point during their reproductive years. Estimates presented in this report, which come from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), highlight differences in the most effective contraceptive method used at last sex among U.S. women aged 18–49 who are at risk of pregnancy (i.e., those who are sexually active with one or more male partners, are not pregnant or postpartum, and have not had a hysterectomy). In every state, the majority of women of reproductive age are using some form of contraception. Use estimates for primary methods show wide variability across the states, especially for female sterilization, IUDs, oral contraceptive pills and condoms. Among states with available data, Oregon and Utah have the highest levels of contraceptive use among women at risk of pregnancy, with more than half of women at risk of pregnancy in these two states reporting use of a highly or moderately effective method at last sex. The BRFSS offers an opportunity to explore basic indicators of reproductive health among resident women in each U.S. state. A previous report examining contraceptive use prevalence with BRFSS data from 2017 represented the most comprehensive documentation of contraceptive use at the state level since 2004.2 This analysis builds from that report to provide updated state-level estimates of contraceptive use prevalence among women of reproductive age across the United States.
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Morgaine, Karen. “Creative Interpretation and Fluidity in a Rights Framework”: The Intersection of Domestic Violence and Human Rights in the United States. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5820.

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Lindberg, Laura D., Jennifer Mueller, Marielle Kirstein, and Alicia VandeVusse. The Continuing Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States: Findings from the 2021 Guttmacher Survey of Reproductive Health Experiences. Guttmacher Institute, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1363/2021.33301.

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In this report, we analyze the 2021 data, focusing on how respondents feel the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced their sexual and reproductive health in two core areas: fertility preferences and access to care, including use of telehealth. We note disparities according to individuals’ race and ethnicity, sexual orientation, gender identity, income level and economic well-being. To assess the ongoing scope and magnitude of the impacts of the pandemic, we also examine findings on comparable measures from the 2020 and 2021 GSRHE studies. These data provide four key findings: The pandemic has continued to shift fertility preferences and impede access to sexual and reproductive health care, including contraceptive services. The impacts reported in the summer of 2021 are smaller than those reported earlier in the pandemic but remain pervasive. The pandemic continues to have disproportionate effects on the sexual and reproductive health of those already experiencing systemic social and health inequities. Telehealth services are bridging gaps in sexual and reproductive health care resulting from pandemic-related upheaval, particularly for those who already experience barriers to accessing health care.
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Coyne, Erik C. Check Your Privacy Rights at the Front Gate: Consensual Sodomy Regulation in Today's Military Following United States v. Marcum. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada439314.

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