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Статті в журналах з теми "Religious, political and societal involvements":
1
Waldman, Linda. "Christian Souls and Griqua Boorlings: Religious and Political Identity in Griquatown." Itinerario 27, no. 3-4 (November 2003): 205–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300020830.
Анотація:
The politics of coloured people in twentieth-century South Africa have generally been characterised as marginal from mainstream South African events. Correspondingly, attempts to initiate political developments along cultural or ethnic lines - emphasising Mama or Griqua identity, for example - have been noted primarily for their divisive and factional composition. Such writings focus on overt political action. They highlight either leaders’ involvement with, or opposition to, state structures; or the internal, often petty and frustrated conflicts between leaders, but fail to explain the marginalisation of coloured politics. But this emphasis on ‘the political’ removes from our gaze other, more productive avenues for understanding the identity of mixed-race people in South Africa. Political activity, for the Griqua, cannot be evaluated except through the lens of Christianity. Since religion promises to fulfil people's ambitions through redemption in the afterlife, Griqua-Christian ideas about overt political quests and active campaigning against discrimination - on either an individual or societal level - tended to be deemed unnecessary. As it was God who ultimately meted out punishments or rewards, Griqua people's energies were better used worshipping him. Nonetheless, these same Griqua people lived in the profane world in which - at least during the apartheid era - they were officially classified as ‘coloured’. Their struggles, based primarily on the need for official ethnic recognition as Griqua, were, in effect, political struggles. This partly Griqua, partly coloured identity enabled them considerable political flexibility and produced the complex social patterns explored below. A further distinction underpinning the Griqua-coloured ambiguity was that between inkommers (newcomers) and boorlings (people born to Griqua-town).
2
Purwanto, Edi. "KEBEBASAN BERAGAMA, RELIGIUSITAS DAN PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI." Manna Rafflesia 10, no. 1 (October 25, 2023): 88–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.38091/man_raf.v10i1.332.
Анотація:
This study employs a literature review methodology to investigate the interplay among religious freedom, religiosity, and economic development. It examines how religious freedom influences religiosity levels and economic growth, drawing on various research propositions and empirical evidence. The research relies on reputable international journal sources and keywords related to religious economy, competition, markets, and their impact on religiosity and economic development. The study reveals a significant relationship between religious freedom and religiosity, highlighting seven key propositions, including the role of state involvement in regulating religious activities, the effects of unregulated religious activities, and the impact on societal acceptance of religious symbols and rituals. It also explores the connection between religious freedom and economic development, emphasizing that it is integral to civil and political liberties, removing barriers to innovation, trade, and investment and ultimately contributing to social stability and cultural diversity. In conclusion, this study illuminates the complex connections between religious freedom, religiosity, and economic development, offering insights for policymakers to protect religious rights, encourage pluralism, and foster a diverse and inclusive society that values religious freedom and economic growth.
3
Kanellopoulos, Anastasios-Nikolaos. "Comprehensive Examination of Hamas." Security science journal 4, no. 2 (December 30, 2023): 116–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.37458/ssj.4.2.6.
Анотація:
Hamas, a Palestinian terrorist organization with significant global implications, holds a substantial political, military and societal presence in the Levant region. This research offers a comprehensive analysis of Hamas, delving into its historical evolution, ideological foundations and operational tactics, providing an intricate understanding of its role within the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. It traces Hamas's trajectory from its origins as a religious and social movement to its current status as a terrorist organization with a political dimension. Furthermore, this study dissects the organization's objectives and strategies, shedding light on its territorial aspirations, relationships with Israel, and other Palestinian factions and its position on the international stage.A pivotal focus of this analysis centers on the profiling of Hamas members, encompassing their diverse regional, socioeconomic, educational and cultural backgrounds. This emphasis highlights the nuanced factors driving their affiliation with the organization. Empirical research findings underscore the intricate motivations behind Hamas membership, encompassing religious fervor, socio-political discontent and external influences as pivotal factors. Additionally, the study explores the roles and activities of Hamas members, including their involvement in leadership, military operations, political engagement and social functions, each contributing to the multi-faceted nature of the organization.
4
Jamal Elatrash, Radwan, Sri Tuti Rahmawati, and Ziyad Alhaq. "Women Empowerment from Quranic perspective." AL-BURHĀN: JOURNAL OF QURʾĀN AND SUNNAH STUDIES 7, no. 2 (December 10, 2023): 73–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/alburhn.v7i2.291.
Анотація:
Despite the teachings of Islam that advocate for women's rights and empowerment, a substantial disparity persists between the ideal principles and the actual conditions in numerous Muslim communities. Women in many Muslim-majority nations encounter diverse challenges hindering their empowerment and complete societal involvement. Key factors contributing to the predicament of women's empowerment in Islam encompass patriarchal attitudes and cultural norms that confine women's roles and opportunities, as well as limited access to education and training, restricting their active participation in economic and political spheres. Present-day concerns include workplace discrimination and bias against women, encompassing unequal pay and limited advancement opportunities. Additionally, insufficient access to healthcare, education, societal engagement, and reproductive rights adversely affect women's health and well-being. Gender-based violence and harassment, encompassing domestic violence, sexual assault, and trafficking, exacerbate these challenges. Legal inadequacies in protecting and enforcing women's rights regarding marriage, divorce, inheritance, and property ownership further compound the issue. Misinterpretation and misapplication of religious teachings contribute to harmful practices such as forced marriage and female genital mutilation. Addressing these challenges necessitates targeted interventions and policy changes to dismantle significant barriers to women's empowerment in Muslim communities. The researcher employed an inductive approach, tracing research components from exegetical, hadith, and jurisprudential books to derive general rulings. Subsequently, an analytical method was utilized to categorize and discuss scientific material, yielding specific rulings about the subject. The research reached certain significant results, emphasizing the promotion of women's rights, equality, and comprehensive societal participation to foster just and equitable societies. A focus on women's rights to education, societal engagement, economic independence, fair treatment in marriage, and protection from violence and discrimination is crucial. Quranic teachings offer valuable guidance for Muslims to contribute to women's empowerment in their societies actively.
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Ferdous, Jannatul, and Md Nahidul Islam. "Women in Urban Local Government in Bangladesh: A Study on Narayanganj City Corporation." Journal of Contemporary Governance and Public Policy 2, no. 2 (October 31, 2021): 92–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.46507/jcgpp.v2i2.36.
Анотація:
Women's equal participation in politics is critical to women's advancement. This determination, however, is not to be made uniformly across the globe. Yet, in contemporary periods, it has witnessed a significant shift in women's political participation globally. The purpose of this paper is to gain a better understanding of women's overall participation, their socioeconomic status, and their valuable role in urban policy formulation and implementation in Bangladesh. In this analysis, primary and secondary data are integrated. Primary sources are referenced to substantiate theories and arguments asserted in the secondary literature, which are based on the case study of Narayanganj City Corporation. It is completed with the assistance of theories and contentions gleaned from secondary sources. Additionally, this study concludes with an examination of Bangladeshi women's position in the decision-making process. Another pressing need is to broaden the participation of women in political culture at the grassroots level. In urban areas, the City Corporation must interact with various government, autonomous, and semi-autonomous bodies. The situation of female ward councillors has deteriorated to the point where there is some ambiguity. Women's involvement in politics has been limited by a decline in financial capital and family support. Women can appeal to low-level politics thanks to a patriarchal viewpoint. In Bangladesh, women continue to struggle for equal rights and face political challenges. Societal norms enforce gender stereotypes. Religious restrictions are the most severe concern among Bangladesh's status issues, which have a complicated structure. Women are not politically socialized enough to participate in the political life of their country. The City Corporation's institutional rules and responsibilities are of little concern to women, and the existing regulations are insufficient. Therefore, the paper can reveal the actual scenario of women's representation and obstacles in the urban level of Bangladesh.
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Osman, Fatima, Noralfishah Sulaiman, and Uzair Bhatti. "Motives and Barriers of Female Entrepreneurship in the Kurdistan Region." 12th GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 12, no. 1 (October 8, 2021): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2021.12(69).
Анотація:
The involvement of Kurdish women in nationalistic revolutions has left many astonished. Kurdistan's history is enriched with many women that have had leadership roles in political, religious, and even military positions. This research examined the life of modern working women in Kurdistan that have turned to entrepreneurship to break from societal ties in addition to expressing their creativity and unique skills while continuing to meet their responsibilities as daughters, wives, and mothers. The purpose of this research was to answer questions regarding the motives of female entrepreneurs as well as the general and gender-based barriers that female entrepreneurs face in the Region. According to Al-silefanee (2019), the entrepreneurial ecosystem consists of two significant elements, the entrepreneur and the environment in which the entrepreneur operates. Regardless of how new the idea of entrepreneurship is to KRI, the region has the chance to build-up the entrepreneurship ecosystem by encouraging entrepreneurship through the development of an environment that facilitates entrepreneurial youth and initiate economic growth. Keywords: Female Entrepreneurship; Online Businesses; Entrepreneurship Motives.
7
Bandama, Kudakwashe. "Exploring the influence of culture on democratic norms and practices: A case study of electoral campaign and voting processes in The Gambia." African Journal of Inclusive Societies 3, no. 1 (December 4, 2023): 58–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.59186/si.uw3d4tb7.
Анотація:
This study delves into the intricate connection between culture and social norms, which together mould the backdrop of all democratic practices. Culture, encompassing a rich array of customs, rituals, religious beliefs, traditions, music and enterprise, exerts fundamental influence in shaping human conduct and, by extension, democratic norms. Through its pervasive impact, culture intricately weaves together the social and political realms unveiling the nuanced effects of norms and practices on accountability, inclusivity, tolerance and transparency within democratic systems. This study focuses on The Gambia as a case study, evaluating the distinct campaign and voting processes in this country, and providing an analysis aimed at affirming the practical significance and impact of culture on democracy. An exploration of the interplay between cultural norms and democratic processes emphasises their sway over civic participation, pluralism and the core tenets of democracy. The study examines how culture, as a formative force, shapes individual outlooks toward political engagement, spotlighting the substantial influence of factors like religion, tradition and socialisation. The study elucidates on this relationship by casting a spotlight on the fundamental association between humanities and culture. It highlights how humanities serve as the cornerstone upon which various aspects of culture are constructed (Bewaji, 2017). The study conclusively underscores that culture wields substantial guidance on democratic practices, by acting as the foundation upon which societal norms and political behaviours are constructed. Making sense of the ways in which culture moulds democratic involvement allows policymakers, cultural activists and scholars to develop strategies for harnessing cultural strengths. Overall, the study enriches the broader discourse on democracy in Africa by showing the intricate interplay between culture and the operational dynamics of democracy.
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Nurul Jannah Zainan Nazri. "EDITORIAL." AL-BURHĀN: JOURNAL OF QURʾĀN AND SUNNAH STUDIES 8, no. 1 (March 17, 2024): i—ii. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/alburhn.v8i1.344.
Анотація:
The February issue of Al-Burhan journal commences with an illuminating exploration into the profound realm of Maqāṣid al-Qur’ān. This meticulous analysis unveils the inherent noble goals of preservation, justice, compassion, and knowledge within the Quranic framework. By adeptly integrating expert insights and diverse methodologies, the study not only sheds light on the nuanced understanding of Maqāṣid but also accentuates its enduring relevance across varied contexts and epochs. It eloquently advocates for a just and compassionate way of life rooted in Islamic principles, fostering harmony among diverse communities, while poignantly emphasising the Qur’ān’s profound significance as a timeless source of divine wisdom.
The subsequent article ventures into an examination of critical thinking from a Quranic perspective, highlighting the deficiencies in conventional education systems. It stresses the imperative of integrating ethical, moral, and spiritual dimensions into traditional frameworks, recognising knowledge beyond the empirical. Drawing parallels between Quranic teachings and Western models, the research aims to promote a comprehensive approach to critical thinking. By prioritising moral and spiritual growth alongside technical skills, it challenges prevailing educational paradigms and advocates for holistic development.
Understanding the communication methods of Prophet Mohammad (SAW) holds paramount importance for both Muslims and non-Muslims seeking to emulate his sunnah. Through a comprehensive archival study of ahadeeth in Sahih Al-Bukhari, the subsequent article unveils quantitative insights into the verbal and nonverbal communicative elements employed by the Prophet. This research provides valuable insights into Prophet Mohammad's communicative example, guiding successful messaging and adherence to his Sunnah.
The halal certification process undergoes a thorough analysis in the fourth article, utilizing Quranic verses and Shariah principles as guiding benchmarks. By focusing on legislation, practicality, harm elimination, and positive impact, the research evaluates market leaders across various sectors. It emphasises the necessity of incorporating Shariah principles in understanding customer demand, especially in sectors such as processed food and clothing. Ultimately, the research aims to foster economic and social growth through the production and consumption of more halal products and services.
The fifth article delves into the importance of applied research in driving societal change, particularly in addressing pressing issues such as food shortages exacerbated by population growth. Despite the absence of explicit mention in the Qur’an, the study adeptly demonstrates the relevance of applied research in enhancing agricultural productivity. Through illuminating examples from diverse contexts, the research highlights the indispensable role of applied research in addressing societal issues and fostering tangible positive transformations.
A nuanced exploration of human evolution from an Islamic standpoint is presented in the sixth article, navigating the tensions between scientific theories and religious beliefs. By highlighting the centrality of mankind's creation in Islamic theology and contrasting it with evolutionary concepts, the article prompts critical reflection and scholarly inquiry. It highlights the importance of a thorough understanding of both Islamic teachings and biological evidence in addressing this contentious issue.
The seventh article offers a comprehensive examination of women's political engagement in Iraq post-2003, shedding light on their significant strides despite facing numerous challenges. Through historical, descriptive, and political analysis, the text underscores the noteworthy involvement of Iraqi women in governmental and parliamentary roles, showcasing their ongoing efforts to promote progress within the political system.
Moving to the first Arabic article in this issue, the study meticulously examines the foundational principles of political authority in Islam. It highlights the consensus among Islamic scholars regarding the state's role in ensuring the welfare and happiness of citizens, emphasizing justice, trustworthiness, truth, and freedom in political governance.
The ninth article addresses the humanity of individuals in their interactions with people of diverse faiths, emphasizing humane relations devoid of violence, extremism, and selfishness. By illuminating the Prophet's (SAW) interactions with non-Muslims, the research seeks to promote justice and generosity that transcend religious, sectarian, societal, and cultural boundaries.
Finally, the insightful study delves into the religious dimension of the African identity crisis, examining the resistance against Western colonization in West African countries. Through a theoretical framework grounded in historical sources, the research underscores the enduring influence of figures who resisted colonial encroachment, preserving Islam's significance in Gambian society.
In summary, the February edition presents an array of scholarly contributions that meticulously examine various facets of Islamic thought, historical narratives, and contemporary challenges, all deeply rooted in the teachings of the Qur'an and Sunnah. These articles collectively enrich the understanding while fostering rigorous discourse, transcending the confines of academia to engage a broader audience.
Nurul Jannah Zainan Nazri
Editor
Al-Burhan Journal of Qur’an and Sunnah Studies
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Khairil Musthafa, Adib, Oky Bagas Prasetyo, and Amin Maghfuri. "KIAI, USTAZ, AND GHURU MOROK: CONTESTATION AND TOLERANCE OF THREE RELIGIOUS AUTHORITIES IN KANGEAN ISLAND, MADURA." Jurnal Lektur Keagamaan 21, no. 2 (December 11, 2023): 561–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31291/jlka.v21i2.1125.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT Socio-religious movements are intrinsically linked to religious authorities within a society, including those of traditional Islamic movements in Madura which significantly shaps the power dynamics of local religious authorities. The influence of the kiai, a local Muslim leader, extends well beyond religious authority, shaping political, social, economic, and cultural life in significant ways. However, the roles of other authorities, such as the Ustaz, often go overlooked in the Madurese society. This article delves into the roles of three religious authorities in Kangean Island, Madura: the Kiai, Ustaz, and Ghuru Morok (Kiai Langgar). This ethnographic research was conducted through in-depth interviews and active involvement in various activities of these religious authority figures. The researcher also made extensive observations of the activities of these religious authority figures through direct engagement. The data was collected and analyzed with a keen focus on understanding the unique roles and influences of these religious authorities within the cultural and societal context of Kangean Island. The study finds that the Kiai, identified with Traditional Islam and affiliated with Nahdlatul Ulama, maintains a dualistic approach towards local traditions, encompassing both mystification and demystification. In contrast, the Ustaz, associated with Puritan Islamic groups affiliated with Persis and Muhammadiyah, tends to demystify local traditions. Meanwhile, the Ghuru Morok, although similar to the Kiai from traditional Islam, leans closer to Syncretic Islam in practice. The Ghuru Morok tends to mystify local traditions. Keywords: Religious authority, Contestation, Tolerance, Islamic Culture, Indonesian Muslim ABSTRAK Gerakan sosial keagamaan memiliki relasi kuat dengan otoritas keagamaan dalam masyarakat. Dominasi gerakan Islam tradisional di Madura misalnya, ikut serta membentuk kuasa otoritas keagamaan daerah ini. Kontrol kiai terhadap berbagai persoalan-persoalan masyarakat telah menjadi bagian inheren yang membuktikan bahwa kiai memiliki peran cukup kuat tidak saja dalam otoritas keagamaan, akan tetapi kuasa dan peran karismatik kiai juga memainkan peran dinamik dalam kehidupan politik, sosial, ekomomi dan budaya. Kendati demikian otoritas Ghuru Morok (Kiai Langgar) dan Ustaz kerap kali diabaikan atau diperlakukan sebagai otoritas lain dalam masyarakat Madura. Artikel ini menganalisis tiga otoritas keagamaan dalam masyarakat Pulau Kangean, Madura yakni: Kiai, ustaz dan Ghuru Morok (kiai Langgar). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kiai merupakan otoritas keagamaan yang identik dengan Islam Tradisional yang berafiliasi dengan Nahdlatul Ulama. Kiai merupakan otoritas keagamaan yang melakukan dua hal secara bersamaan terhadap tradisi lokal: mistifikasi dan demistifikasi. Sementara Ustaz identik dengan kelompok Islam Puritan yang berafiliasi dengan Persis dan Muhammadiyah. Ustaz merupakan otoritas keagamaan yang cenderung melakukan demistifikasi terhadap tradisi lokal. Sementara sebaliknya, Ghuru Morok yang cenderung sama dengan Kiai dari kalangan Islam tradisional walaupun secara praktik lebih dekat dengan varian Islam Sinkretik. Ghuru Morok adalah otoritas keagamaan yang cenderung melakukan mistifikasi terhadap tradisi lokal. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian etnografis, data penelitian didapatkan melalui wawancara mendalam dan keterlibatan peneliti dalam berbagai kegiatan-kegiatan ketiga otoritas keagamaan di lapangan. Pengamatan mendalam terhadap aktivitas-aktivitas ketiga otoritas keagamaan juga dilakukan dengan keterlibatan langsung peneliti. Kata Kunci: Otoritas keagamaan, Kontestasi, Toleransi, Budaya Islam
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Kim, Andrew. "Minjung Theology in Contemporary Korea: Liberation Theology and a Reconsideration of Secularization Theory." Religions 9, no. 12 (December 14, 2018): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel9120415.
Анотація:
The Sewol Ferry tragedy in April 2014 has drawn a renewed attention to the role of religion in South Korea. Theologians and religiously-motivated NGOs in Korea at the time and thereafter have called for the need for religion, and religious organizations, to become more actively involved with societal needs, especially after disasters, to help alleviate their pain by providing relief aid and counselling. Such calls for the greater involvement of religion in relief efforts have coincided with Pope Francis’ repeated calls for the Catholic Church’s greater involvement in social affairs on behalf of the poor and the underprivileged. This paper contends that these developments in and outside of Korea provide an opportune time to renew discussion on oft-misunderstood liberation theology. This is because the latter’s advocacy of an interpretation of the teachings of Jesus Christ from the perspective of the poor and the marginalized for the purpose of alleviating unjust economic, social, or political conditions is as compelling today as it was some 60 years ago when it first arose. The paper offers a reassessment of the role of religion in light of liberation theology, arguing that religion can make itself more relevant to people’s lives today by engaging more actively with social issues. The paper will pay special attention to liberation theology in the Korean context, namely minjungshinhak or “people’s theology.” The paper also discusses the implications of liberation theology for secularization theory, arguing, among others, that the former refutes the “decline of religion” thesis of the latter, since liberation theology manifests a different role of religion in contemporary society rather than its diminishing significance.
Дисертації з теми "Religious, political and societal involvements":
1
Paré, Sophie. "L’engagement religieux, politique et sociétal des Kriegsenkel dans l’Allemagne contemporaine : Répercussions du national-socialisme dans l’histoire familiale et les biographies individuelles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Angers, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ANGE0084.
Анотація:
Le national-socialisme représente la période sombre de l’histoire allemande. Il a fait l’objet de nombreuses controverses dans les milieux académiques. D’abord tabouisé dans la société d’après-guerre, il fut mieux assumé officiellement dans les décennies suivantes, si bien qu’une culture du souvenir vit le jour à la fin des années 1980. Signe d'une remarquable volonté d’auto-critique, elle est à saluer. Pourtant, elle ne parvint pas à pénétrer vraiment la sphère privée : c’est ainsi que le passé nazi demeure encore un sujet douloureux dans les familles de nos répondants, qui se considèrent comme Kriegsenkel. Mais qui sont-ils? Kriegsenkel signifie littéralement« les petits-enfants de la guerre ». Le terme se réfère aux grands-parents, impliqués dans le régime hitlérien. Les Kriegsenkel, nés majoritairement entre 1960 et 1980, s’identifient à ce concept par choix. Il implique également l’idée d’une transmission transgénérationnelle de traumatismes provenant du second conflit. Au tournant des années 2000 émergèrent dans les pays germanophones des groupes de parole de Kriegsenkel, ce qui constitua un phénomène inédit. Cette étude présente les résultats d’une enquête qualitative, conduite auprès de Kriegsenkel, dont l’histoire familiale fut marquée par le Troisième Reich. Sont cependant exclus de notre panel les descendants de grands dignitaires nazis. Notre propos est d’explorer les retombées du national-socialisme dans la biographie des enquêtés, sous le prisme de leurs engagements religieux, politiques et sociétaux. L’enquête révèle comment s’articulent mémoire, Histoire et engagementsThe National Socialism represents a gloomy period of German history. It has been the subject of numerous controversies in academic circles. Initially considered a taboo in post-war society, it was better accepted officially in the following decades, so much so that a culture of remembrance saw the light of day in the late eighties. This remarkable sign of willingness to beself-critical is to be praised. Nonetheless, it never truly managed to penetrate the private sphere : that is why the Nazi past still remains a painful subject in the families of our respondents, who see themselves as Kriegsenkel. But who are they? Kriegsenkel literally means “The grandchildren of the War”. The term refers to the grandparents who were involved in the Hitlerian regime.The Kriegsenkel, most of whom were born between 1960 and 1980 identify with this conceptby choice. It also involves the idea of a transgenerational transmission of trauma stemming from the second conflict. At the turn ofthe 2000s Kriegsenkel talking groups emerged in German-speaking countries, which was an unprecedented phenomenon.This study presents the results of a qualitative survey of the Kriegsenkel whose family history was marked by the Third Reich. The descendants of leading Nazi dignitaries are however not included in our sample group. Our aim is to explore the fallouts of the National Socialism in the biography of respondents through the prism of their religious, political and societal involvements. The survey reveals how memory, History and involvement fit together
2
Coymak, Ahmet. "Associations Of Religious Identification, Secular Identification, Perceived Discrimination, And Political Trust With Ethnic And Societal (national) Identification." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610734/index.pdf.
Анотація:
The current thesis extends research in the area of multiple social identities and identity conflict by focusing on both intergroup and intraindividual process underlying structures of identities, namely, religious, ethnic, and societal (national)
identifications. In addition, it examined the influence of political trust, and perceived discrimination the relationship between ethnic and societal identification for disadvantaged ethnic groups in Turkey. Two studies were conducted to evaluate the process of identity organization both inter group and in group. While, the first study addresses intergroup differentiations of these identities, second study focused on intraindividual process of these identities'structure. Supporting hypothesis stemming from Social Identity Theory and Optimal Distinctiveness Theory, political trust and perceived discrimination have roles of mediation in the relationship ethnic and societal identification, by contrast with secular and religious identities in the relationship. Results were discussed for their implications to politic context of the Turkey.
Книги з теми "Religious, political and societal involvements":
1
Knoll and, Benjamin R., and Cammie Jo Bolin. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190882365.003.0009.
Анотація:
The final chapter reviews the evidence that is presented throughout the book and discusses its implications for current conversations regarding female ordination in American congregations as well as wider societal forces at play. It also assesses the evidence in light of previous research on female ordination—finding, for example, empirical support for the idea that politics can drive religious behavior, and empirical disconfirmation of the notion that having female clergy will reduce religious attendance and involvement. In fact, levels of attendance and other religious behaviors are slightly higher in congregations that ordain women and moderately higher for younger women in congregations with a female pastor or priest. The chapter concludes by offering some thoughts on the issue of women’s ordination to religious congregational leaders and decision-makers who control access to leadership positions.
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Bennett, Clinton, and Sarwar Alam, eds. Sufism, Pluralism and Democracy. Equinox Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/isbn.9781781796108.
Анотація:
This volume provides a composite of contemporary Sufi involvement in politics using a range of approaches and disciplines. It explores the role of Sufi-related parties where they exist or are emerging. It also examines how parties that condemn Sufism have adopted aspects of Sufi organization and practice. Changes in views within the academy on politics and Sufism are discussed. Perspectives on Egypt, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Indonesia are included as are overviews of Sufism’s political dimension across various regions. Contributions in the volume seek answer questions such as: Where Sufi related parties exist, what policies do they propose, and how do they differ from those of Islamist parties? How would “law” be understood? What is the relationship between secular and Sufi ideas about the role of religion in society? How do Sufi views about how to structure the state in Muslim majority space differ from alternatives? Are Sufis more likely to support democracy?
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Brown, Kate Pride. Lake Baikal. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190660949.003.0002.
Анотація:
Baikal is the deepest, oldest, and most voluminous lake on Earth. It is home to thousands of endemic species. It occupies a special place in the Russian psyche—a point of national pride and religious mysticism. Despite the lackluster status of civil society and political involvement in Russia generally, Lake Baikal is home to a strong and flourishing environmentalist community. The history of this activism dates back to the Soviet era, when local activists began the first mass movement against the state to protest the construction of a paper mill on the shore of Lake Baikal. This chapter examines the history of Soviet environmentalism around Lake Baikal and its relationship to the field of power. Despite the existence of a Soviet environmental civil society, the field of power was so monopolized by the Communist Party that environmental conditions only worsened.
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Ellison, Robert H. Preaching and Sermons. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199683710.003.0016.
Анотація:
Prompted by the convulsions of the late eighteenth century and inspired by the expansion of evangelicalism across the North Atlantic world, Protestant Dissenters from the 1790s eagerly subscribed to a millennial vision of a world transformed through missionary activism and religious revival. Voluntary societies proliferated in the early nineteenth century to spread the gospel and transform society at home and overseas. In doing so, they engaged many thousands of converts who felt the call to share their experience of personal conversion with others. Though social respectability and business methods became a notable feature of Victorian Nonconformity, the religious populism of the earlier period did not disappear and religious revival remained a key component of Dissenting experience. The impact of this revitalization was mixed. On the one hand, growth was not sustained in the long term and, to some extent, involvement in interdenominational activity undermined denominational identity; on the other hand, Nonconformists gained a social and political prominence they had not enjoyed since the middle of the seventeenth century and their efforts laid the basis for the twentieth-century explosion of evangelicalism in Africa, Asia, and South America.
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Broyde, Michael J. A History of Religious Arbitration. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190640286.003.0005.
Анотація:
This chapter focuses on the premodern use of religious courts to resolve ecclesiastical disputes within Western societies. Religious arbitration is by no means a new mechanism. It dates back hundreds of years. Societal acceptance of religious courts operating within the broader secular legal system is thus deeply ingrained in the Western tradition and in the common-law tradition that formed the bedrock of American jurisprudence. The history of religious arbitration in Western societies is important because it helps contextualize and explain long-standing social, political, and legal comfort with religious groups engaging in various forms of alternative dispute resolution separate but not entirely outside societal laws. However, although its deep historical roots indicate that religious arbitration has stood the test of time, various practices and experiences associated with early forms of religious dispute resolution have led many people to become skeptical and wary of its place in modern secular societies.
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Dillon, Michele. Religious Freedom. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190693008.003.0005.
Анотація:
The secular principle of religious freedom is complicated by the postsecular recognition that religion has societal relevance beyond the religious sphere. This chapter focuses on the public activism of the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops’ (USCCB) regarding religious freedom. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) contraception mandate, which the bishops rejected, provided the political and legal opportunity for the bishops’ campaign. The chapter shows, however, that its evolution can be traced pre-ACA to the growing momentum in favor of same-sex marriage. It discusses the thematic content of the bishops’ “Fortnight for Freedom” campaign, and the cultural salience of the claims advanced. It also highlights the limits in both the bishops’ construal of religion in civil society and secular expectations of it. Such limits, the chapter shows, are also evident in the polarized views of doctrinally conservative and liberal Catholics, and in the ambiguity in how Americans more generally evaluate pluralism and religious freedom.
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Ringshausen, Gerhard, and Andrew Chandler, eds. The George Bell-Alphons Koechlin Correspondence. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350047020.
Анотація:
George Bell was one of the most significant British church leaders of the mid-20th century and in many ways he came to define the involvement of British church people with the issues which arose from the Third Reich. The George Bell-Alphons Koechlin Correspondence, 1933-54 presents the extensive correspondence between Bell and a leading Swiss pastor and President of the Basel Church Council, Alphons Koechlin. The letters of Bell and Koechlin make an important contribution to our understanding of ways in which the unfolding history of the Hitler regime was interpreted in an international context from its earliest months in 1933 to its final destruction in 1945. In presenting the letters, this book captures a sustained meeting of European minds, thinking together in the midst of a crisis that was altering the conventional perimeters of politics and religion, and by degrees changing the life of the whole European continent - and drawing British politics into its vortex. This volume provides for the first time all the letters exchanged between Bell and Koechlin in their original English, with full scholarly apparatus and connected material. It contributes valuably to the historiography of the Third Reich and develops our understanding of Nazism not simply as an episode in German history, but as a fundamental crisis in international politics, religion and society.
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Anderson, Greg. Governed by Gods. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190886646.003.0012.
Анотація:
In this new account of Athenian demokratia, the most significant human activities in the polis were not political deliberations or economic transactions but ritual engagements with gods, the non-human agencies who ultimately controlled the very conditions of existence. To a point, offerings to gods were like taxes rendered to maintain the infrastructure of the cosmos. Ritual actions were thus performed more or less continually, at a wide range of locations, from household shrines to major sanctuaries, by all inhabitants of Attica, male and female, young and old, Athenian and non-Athenian alike. As the chapter stresses, these actions are best understood as ecological transactions, rather than as purely “religious” practices. Indeed, in such circumstances, where gods were potentially everywhere and anywhere in experience, the modern category “religion” has little or no valence or meaning. The chapter also highlights the ritual contributions to the life of the polis that were made by females, who played literally vital ecological roles through their involvements in numerous divine cults.
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Larsen, Timothy. Congregationalists. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199683710.003.0002.
Анотація:
The nineteenth century was a period of remarkable advance for the Baptists in the United Kingdom. The vigour of the Baptist movement was identified with the voluntary system and the influence of their leading pulpiteers, notably Charles Haddon Spurgeon. However, Baptists were often divided on the strictness of their Calvinism, the question of whether baptism as a believer was a prerequisite for participation in Communion, and issues connected with ministerial training. By the end of the century, some Baptists led by F.B. Meyer had recognized the ministry of women as deaconesses, if not as pastors. Both domestic and foreign mission were essential to Baptist activity. The Baptist Home Missionary Society assumed an important role here, while Spurgeon’s Pastors’ College became increasingly significant in supplying domestic evangelists. Meyer played an important role in the development, within Baptist life, of interdenominational evangelism, while the Baptist Missionary Society and its secretary Joseph Angus supplied the Protestant missionary movement with the resonant phrase ‘The World for Christ in our Generation’. In addition to conversionism, Baptists were also interested in campaigning against the repression of Protestants and other religious minorities on the Continent. Baptist activities were supported by institutions: the formation of the Baptist Union in 1813 serving Particular Baptists, as well as a range of interdenominational bodies such as the Evangelical Alliance. Not until 1891 did the Particular Baptists merge with the New Connexion of General Baptists, while theological controversy continued to pose fresh challenges to Baptist unity. Moderate evangelicals such as Joseph Angus who occupied a respectable if not commanding place in nineteenth-century biblical scholarship probably spoke for a majority of Baptists. Yet when in 1887 Charles Haddon Spurgeon alleged that Baptists were drifting into destructive theological liberalism, he provoked the ‘Downgrade Controversy’. In the end, a large-scale secession of Spurgeon’s followers was averted. In the area of spirituality, there was an emphasis on the agency of the Spirit in the church. Some later nineteenth-century Baptists were drawn towards the emphasis of the Keswick Convention on the power of prayer and the ‘rest of faith’. At the same time, Baptists became increasingly active in the cause of social reform. Undergirding Baptist involvement in the campaign to abolish slavery was the theological conviction—in William Knibb’s words—that God ‘views all nations as one flesh’. By the end of the century, through initiatives such as the Baptist Forward Movement, Baptists were championing a widening concern with home mission that involved addressing the need for medical care and housing in poor areas. Ministers such as John Clifford also took a leading role in shaping the ‘Nonconformist Conscience’ and Baptists supplied a number of leading Liberal MPs, most notably Sir Morton Peto. Their ambitions to make a difference in the world would peak in the later nineteenth and early twentieth century as their political influence gradually waned thereafter.
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Reny, Marie-Eve. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190698089.003.0008.
Анотація:
This chapter summarizes the argument of the book. It also puts Chinese and comparative cases into perspective. It delves into the way containment sustains authoritarian rule not only in China, but also in Jordan and Egypt. Like public security bureaus that tolerate house churches to contain the long-term influence of informal Protestantism, state security actors in Jordan and Egypt have contained informal religious groups they anticipate might threaten political stability if left unmonitored. The conclusion ends on a note that is more specific to China. It discusses containment’s impact on societal agency and the circumstances in which it might lead to the legalization of informal religious organizations as autonomous.
Частини книг з теми "Religious, political and societal involvements":
1
Aschauer, Wolfgang. "Perceptions of Social Challenges in Europe. Disentangling the Effects of Context, Social Structure, Religion, Values and Political Attitudes to Identify Potential Drivers of Societal Change." In Values – Politics – Religion: The European Values Study, 393–447. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-31364-6_12.
Анотація:
AbstractIn this chapter I address three current social questions that are central for Europe, namely redistribution, ethnocentrism and environmental awareness. By analyzing perceptions of European citizens in a cross-national perspective it becomes clear that these pressing issues will remain major sources of dissent due to notable value cleavages between and within European states. The aims of my empirical approach, using the data of the four recent waves of the European Values Study (1990, 1999, 2008, 2017) are threefold. First, a cluster analysis based on relevant macro-indicators is conducted to distinguish certain groups of countries with a similar political, economic, social, and cultural profile. As a second step, attitudes towards those social challenges based on a well-functioning operationalisation are depicted using the last wave of the EVS. Additionally, single indicators (using mean comparisons) are analysed over the four time points to highlight the evolution of citizen’s perceptions to those societal challenges. The last part of the analysis computes separate regressions for each country cluster to derive the main antecedents of those attitudes using sociodemographic and structural characteristic, basic value orientations, religious indicators, political opinions and aspects of social inclusion. In general, the study reveals deep value polarisations between major European areas. These divisions are likely to increase in the current pandemic crisis.
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Donohue, Christopher. "“A Mountain of Nonsense”? Czech and Slovenian Receptions of Materialism and Vitalism from c. 1860s to the First World War." In History, Philosophy and Theory of the Life Sciences, 67–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12604-8_5.
Анотація:
AbstractIn general, historians of science and historians of ideas do not focus on critical appraisals of scientific ideas such as vitalism and materialism from Catholic intellectuals in eastern and southeastern Europe, nor is there much comparative work available on how significant European ideas in the life sciences such as materialism and vitalism were understood and received outside of France, Germany, Italy and the UK. Insofar as such treatments are available, they focus on the contributions of nineteenth century vitalism and materialism to later twentieth ideologies, as well as trace the interactions of vitalism and various intersections with the development of genetics and evolutionary biology see Mosse (The culture of Western Europe: the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Westview Press, Boulder, 1988, Toward the final solution: a history of European racism. Howard Fertig Publisher, New York, 1978; Turda et al., Crafting humans: from genesis to eugenics and beyond. V&R Unipress, Goettingen, 2013). English and American eugenicists (such as William Caleb Saleeby), and scores of others underscored the importance of vitalism to the future science of “eugenics” (Saleeby, The progress of eugenics. Cassell, New York, 1914). Little has been written on materialism qua materialism or vitalism qua vitalism in eastern Europe.The Czech and Slovene cases are interesting for comparison insofar as both had national awakenings in the middle of the nineteenth century which were linguistic and scientific, while also being religious in nature (on the Czech case see David, Realism, tolerance, and liberalism in the Czech National awakening: legacies of the Bohemian reformation. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 2010; on the Slovene case see Kann and David, Peoples of the Eastern Habsburg Lands, 1526-1918. University of Washington Press, Washington, 2010). In the case of many Catholic writers writing in Moravia, there are not only slight noticeable differences in word-choice and construction but a greater influence of scholastic Latin, all the more so in the works of nineteenth century Czech priests and bishops.In this case, German, Latin and literary Czech coexisted in the same texts. Thus, the presence of these three languages throws caution on the work on the work of Michael Gordin, who argues that scientific language went from Latin to German to vernacular. In Czech, Slovenian and Croatian cases, all three coexisted quite happily until the First World War, with the decades from the 1840s to the 1880s being particularly suited to linguistic flexibility, where oftentimes writers would put in parentheses a Latin or German word to make the meaning clear to the audience. Note however that these multiple paraphrases were often polemical in the case of discussions of materialism and vitalism.In Slovenia Čas (Time or The Times) ran from 1907 to 1942, running under the muscular editorship of Fr. Aleš Ušeničnik (1868–1952) devoted hundreds of pages often penned by Ušeničnik himself or his close collaborators to wide-ranging discussions of vitalism, materialism and its implied social and societal consequences. Like their Czech counterparts Fr. Matěj Procházka (1811–1889) and Fr. Antonín LenzMaterialismMechanismDynamism (1829–1901), materialism was often conjoined with "pantheism" and immorality. In both the Czech and the Slovene cases, materialism was viewed as a deep theological problem, as it made the Catholic account of the transformation of the Eucharistic sacrifice into the real presence untenable. In the Czech case, materialism was often conjoined with “bestiality” (bestialnost) and radical politics, especially agrarianism, while in the case of Ušeničnik and Slovene writers, materialism was conjoined with “parliamentarianism” and “democracy.” There is too an unexamined dialogue on vitalism, materialism and pan-Slavism which needs to be explored.Writing in 1914 in a review of O bistvu življenja (Concerning the essence of life) by the controversial Croatian biologist Boris Zarnik) Ušeničnik underscored that vitalism was an speculative outlook because it left the field of positive science and entered the speculative realm of philosophy. Ušeničnik writes that it was “Too bad” that Zarnik “tackles” the question of vitalism, as his zoological opinions are interesting but his philosophy was not “successful”. Ušeničnik concluded that vitalism was a rather old idea, which belonged more to the realm of philosophy and Thomistic theology then biology. It nonetheless seemed to provide a solution for the particular characteristics of life, especially its individuality. It was certainly preferable to all the dangers that materialism presented. Likewise in the Czech case, Emmanuel Radl (1873–1942) spent much of his life extolling the virtues of vitalism, up until his death in home confinement during the Nazi Protectorate. Vitalism too became bound up in the late nineteenth century rediscovery of early modern philosophy, which became an essential part of the development of new scientific consciousness and linguistic awareness right before the First World War in the Czech lands. Thus, by comparing the reception of these ideas together in two countries separated by ‘nationality’ but bounded by religion and active engagement with French and German ideas (especially Driesch), we can reconstruct not only receptions of vitalism and materialism, but articulate their political and theological valances.
3
Fuglestad, Finn. "Societal, Religious and Political Structures." In Slave Traders by Invitation, 57–68. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190876104.003.0004.
Анотація:
This chapter presents a model for the understanding of the “traditional” societies of the Slave Coast and, in fact, of most of West Africa. It explores concepts which are not prevalent in the anthropological literature, and much less so in historical literature: “owners of the land” in the ritual sense; earth-priests; water priests; “ritual control of the land”; “contrapuntal paramountcy” (very central for our purpose and explained later); “sacred kingship”; stranger-kings; ancestor worship; fertility cults, etc. These all have marked religious connotations, implying that these were so-called sacred kinship societies, and that everything had to be explained and legitimized in religious or supranatural terms.
4
Hai-Jew, Shalin. "Societal Shutdown and Reopening and Reclosing in the U.S. as Expressed in Social Imagery Narratives." In Advances in Religious and Cultural Studies, 335–453. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2385-8.ch015.
Анотація:
In the COVID-19 pandemic era, political leaders have to navigate a difficult socio-political landscape balancing mass public health with socio-economic interests. They have to protect their susceptible populations and protect the social structures supporting their respective economies, healthcare systems, educational systems, international relationships, law and order, cultures and subcultures, national values, and others. A pandemic tends to disrupt systems and spark other social discontents among roiling publics. In May 2020, the U.S. started reopening from a mass lockdown involving a majority of its states, even as viral transmission rose. This work explores visual senses of societal shutdown, societal reopening, and societal (partial) reclosing in the U.S. in social imagery (all captured July 3, 2020, during the crisis) to better understand public responses to public health and other government interventions.
5
Kaplan, Marion A. "Her Sister’s Keeper: Women’s Organizations from the Chevra to Feminism." In The Making of the Jewish Middle Class, 192–227. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195039528.003.0008.
Анотація:
Abstract The extraordinary involvement of Jewish women in charitable and social welfare organizations reflected a combination of deeply held Jewish traditions as well as social transformations within Imperial Germany. Among the latter, the evolution of women’s role in the public arena is prominent. For many women, it was the religious social welfare context from which their feminist perceptions and move ment grew. Indeed, excluded until 1908 from most political involvement, women’s social service activism can be interpreted as a form of women’s politics, a way in which women created their own power structures alongside the political and busi ness spheres dominated by men. After the founding of the German Empire, the complex interaction between state and private welfare and the Jewish minority also affected the involvement of Jewish women in voluntary social welfare. Further, social welfare was a form of minority self-help and self-protection in an era of increased anti-Semitism. It was also a form of liberal, bourgeois politics vis-a-vis those of a lower social class: specifically, German Jews tried to alleviate the conditions of Eastern European immigrant Jews and help them acculturate to German society.
6
Orazi, Veronica. "Teatre Lliure, En Procés." In Advances in Religious and Cultural Studies, 241–52. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6614-5.ch017.
Анотація:
En Procés is a project resulting from the collaboration between Lluís Pasqual and Joan Yago. They invited 11 Catalan playwrights to compose as many short plays on the facts relating to the referendum of October the 1st 2017, based on three principles: 10-minute duration, no set design, and involvement of up to three actors. The project reaffirms the social role of theatre and renews the model of the Teatro de urgencia, capable of recording history and immediate reality. It, however, transcends the context in which it was conceived and is projected into a global dimension, because it reflects universal social, humanitarian, and political principles. The chapter studies the techniques and strategies with which each author has interpreted and recreated the episodes that inspired him/her, emphasizing the close link between politics, society, theatre, and identity.
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Formichi, Chiara. "The Limits of Pancasila as a Framework for Pluralism." In Religious Pluralism in Indonesia, 1–13. Cornell University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501760433.003.0001.
Анотація:
This chapter explores the limits of Pancasila as a framework for pluralism. Indonesia built itself as an independent nation-state grounded on a commitment to a motto linked to Pancasila, which is the postcolonial republic's founding philosophy. The identity of Pancasila as a philosophy and ideology enabled postcolonial Indonesia to portray itself as an inclusive container for a diverse set of peoples. Shari'a laws have made their way into the legal Indonesia corpus despite the general dissent of claiming Indonesia as an Islamic state. Moreover, Islam is the majority religion in Indonesia that grabs the headlines in terms of its inclusion demands in political, legal, or societal structures.
8
Helgen, Erika. "Punishing the Fanatics." In Religious Conflict in Brazil, 120–62. Yale University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300243352.003.0005.
Анотація:
This chapter puts Catholic–Protestant conflict in the context of broader societal anxieties regarding the so-called fanaticism of northeastern religious culture. It discusses judicial cases that represent rare examples of Catholics being punished rather than celebrated for their acts of anti-Protestant violence. It also closely examines the judicial cases that interpret their process or outcome as a triumph of justice, the rule of law, or religious freedom in Brazil. The chapter highlights the complex relationships between anti-Protestant campaigns and local political and economic culture. It also emphasizes the social upheavals that marked the Vargas era that afforded Protestants the opportunity to forge new alliances even though local authorities often protected and promoted Catholic anti-Protestantism.
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Schilling, Heinz. "Confessionalization in the Empire: Religious and Societal Change in Germany between 1555 and 1620." In Religion, Political Culture, and the Emergence of Early Modern Society, 205–45. BRILL, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004474253_009.
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Pfeifer, Niki, and Andrea Capotorti. "What Society Can and Cannot Learn From Coherence." In Advances in Religious and Cultural Studies, 176–97. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1811-3.ch008.
Анотація:
Society is facing uncertainty on a multitude of domains and levels: usually, reasoning and decisions about political, economic, or health issues must be made under uncertainty. Among various approaches to probability, this chapter presents the coherence approach to probability as a method for uncertainty management. The authors explain the role of uncertainty in the context of important societal issues like legal reasoning and vaccination hesitancy. Finally, the chapter presents selected psychological factors which impact probabilistic representation and reasoning and discusses what society can and cannot learn from the coherence approach from theoretical and practical perspectives.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Religious, political and societal involvements":
1
Faraj, Anwar, and Narmeen Ahmed. "The Role of Global Civil Society in Promoting Human Rights." In REFORM AND POLITICAL CHANGE. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdiconfrpc.pp295-307.
Анотація:
The tolerance is one of the issues that have aroused the interest of specialists and activists in political and cultural affairs in various countries of the world. Especially those countries whose societies have suffered from: societal crises, national or religious differences, and civil wars or internal or external political conflicts. Because of the developments in the human rights movement and the activities of international organizations and their role in alleviating conflicts and building peace in many countries, the issue of tolerance has become one of the global issues that receive the attention of global institutions, including global civil society organizations, which have witnessed an expansion in their activities by developments in Information and communication technology, to contribute an effective role in the cause of tolerance in various countries of the world, and is attracting interaction at the level of the international community.
2
Marinić, Damir, and Ida Marinić. "THE PRINCIPLES OF GUIDED EVOLUTION OF SOCIETY – A SYSTEMIC PERSPECTIVE." In NORDSCI Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/nordsci2021/b1/v4/34.
Анотація:
Since the beginning of the 21st century, many regions in the world have faced with economic volatility, political instability, environmental degradation, cultural wars and various cyber threats, which only intensified during the coronavirus pandemic. The reason behind these crises is a fragmented character of human interactions that are motivated by self or local interest, despite the fact that we are becoming increasingly interconnected in complex global networks. From a systemic perspective, human interactions in contemporary society are motivated by centrifugal social forces, promoting independence and an increased sense of entitlement, exclusive individualism, hostile competitiveness, all of which are completely purposeless, even harmful in today's global society. We are constantly trying to implement pre-global individualistic values in a global interdependent system, thus causing "cracks" in the social fabric of reality, which we could especially witness during the coronavirus pandemic. In order to bring about a change in current trends, a paradigm shift is required, first of all in human values, which would increase existing centripetal social forces. This means that the generation living today must formulate a commitment to global citizenship alongside involvement in local citizenship. In order to protect ourselves from future outbursts of pandemics and other similar systemic crises, a new vision of human society is required which fosters openness, care for the "other", and mutual responsibility across national borders, as well as cultural, religious, racial, gendered and other divides. The only effective response to global crises is – global response.
3
Hatfield, Elaine, and Richard Rapson. "Culture and Passionate Love." In International Association of Cross Cultural Psychology Congress. International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4087/sqrg1671.
Анотація:
For more than 4,000 years, poets and storytellers have sung of the delights and sufferings of love and lust. This chapter reviews what scholars from various disciplines have discovered about the nature of passionate love and sexual desire. Anthropologists and evolutionary psychologists have assumed that passionate love is a cultural universal. Cultural researchers, historians, and social psychologists have emphasized the stunning diversity in the way passionate love and sexual desire have been viewed and experienced. Culture, ethnicity and the rules passed down by political and religious authorities have a profound impact on the way people think about and act out love and sex. Marriage for love and sex for pleasure have always been deeply threatening to political and religious leaders who have feared the individualistic implications of permissive approaches to romance and passion. Individualism and personal choice are seen as the enemies of order and authority; such freedom are deemed heretical, sinful, dangerous, and an invitation to chaos, selfishness, and anarchy. The fight over the rules governing love, marriage, divorce, and sex stands as one of history’s central and most powerful themes. Today, however, in the era of widespread travel, global capitalism, and the World Wide Web, many of these traditional cross-cultural differences seem to be disappearing. Authority is giving way nearly everywhere to increased freedom, particularly in the personal realm, in the world of passion. Is the erosion of traditional authority and strict personal rules really happening—and if so what does that portend for personal and societal futures?
4
Relela, Mokgadi, and Lydia Mavuru. "LIFE SCIENCES TEACHERS’ CONCEPTIONS ABOUT SOCIOSCIENTIFIC ISSUES IN THE TOPIC EVOLUTION." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021end009.
Анотація:
The goal of science education is emphatically positioned on promoting science literacy. The rationale is learners should not only learn about scientific knowledge and processes but also on how to apply the knowledge when making decisions about heterogenous societal and personal issues. Previous research has indicated that by addressing socioscientific issues (SSIs) when teaching controversial science topics, it provides a suitable context for developing scientific literacy in learners. Scientifically literate learners are well-informed citizens with regards to the social, ethical, economic, and political issues impacting on contemporary society. The theory of evolution is one such Life Sciences topic deeply embedded with SSIs. Teachers are conflicted when teaching this topic due to the controversy surrounding the theory as they view the teaching of evolution as a way of negating the legitimacy of their religious and cultural convictions. It is against this background that the study sought to answer the research question: How do Life Sciences teachers conceptualise socioscientific issues embedded in the topic evolution? In an explanatory mixed method approach, a questionnaire with both quantitative and qualitative questions was administered to 28 randomly selected grade 12 Life Sciences teachers. Data was analysed and descriptive statistics were obtained, and themes generated. The findings showed that all the participants were knowledgeable about the SSIs embedded in the topic evolution. In justifying their conceptions 61% of the teachers perceived SSIs as important in improving learners’ reasoning and argumentative skills; developing learners’ critical thinking skills; and in informing learners in decision making. There were however 11% of the teachers who pointed out that SSIs as too sensitive to deal with hence not suitable to teach young learners. Though the teachers were knowledgeable about the SSIs embedded in the theory of evolution, it does not mean that they could address them when teaching the various concepts of evolution. The main source of the controversy rose from the evolution of humankind versus the Christian belief in the six-day special creation. The participants (25%) indicated that evolution challenges peoples’ religious and cultural convictions, which conflicts both the teachers and learners to question or go against their religious beliefs. Several teachers pointed out that some of the concepts on evolution such as ‘living organisms share common ancestry (18%) and ‘the formation of new species from existing species’ (11%), undermine the superiority of human beings over other organisms. The findings have implications for both pre-and in-service teacher professional development.
Звіти організацій з теми "Religious, political and societal involvements":
1
Carter, Becky. Gender Inequalities in the Eastern Neighbourhood Region. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.062.
Анотація:
This rapid review examines evidence on the structural causes and drivers of gender inequalities in the Eastern Neighbourhood region and how these gender inequalities contribute to instability in the region. While the Eastern Neighbourhood region performs relatively well on gender equality compared with the rest of the world, women and girls continue to face systemic political and economic marginalisation and are vulnerable to gender-based violence. Research on Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Moldova identifies the key underlying cause to be a set of traditional patriarchal gender norms, intersecting with conservative religious identities and harmful customary practices. These norms do not operate in isolation: the literature highlights that gender inequalities are caused by the interplay of multiple factors (with women’s unequal economic resources having a critical effect), while overlapping disadvantages affect lived experiences of inequalities. Other key factors are the region’s protracted conflicts; legal reform gaps and implementation challenges; socio-economic factors (including the impact of COVID-19); and governance trends (systemic corruption, growing conservatism, and negative narratives influenced by regional geopolitics). Together these limit women and girls’ empowerment; men and boys are also affected negatively in different ways, while LGBT+ people have become a particular target for societal discrimination in the region. Global evidence – showing that more gender unequal societies correlate with increased instability – provides a frame of reference for the region’s persistent gender inequalities.