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Статті в журналах з теми "Relative values of coordination"
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Główka, M. L., A. Olczak, J. Karolak-Wojciechowska, and E. Ciechanowska-Urbańska. "Classification and Distortion in Six-Coordinate Bis(salicylaldiminato)nickel(II) Complexes: Crystal Structure of Bis[2-[[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylene]amino]-1-phenyl-1,3-propanediolato]nickel(II).2H2O." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 54, no. 3 (June 1, 1998): 250–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768197008951.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The crystal structure of a NiII complex with a tridentate chiral ligand has been determined with a final R of 0.042. The crystals were hexagonal, space group P61 with Z = 6, a = b = 18.498 (2), c = 16.328 (2) Å. The complex shows local tetrahedral (skewed) coordination of the metal by two salicyladimine ligands with a tetrahedrality angle of 89.4 (2)° and the Ni shifted by 0.13 Å from the geometric center of the coordination octahedron, both values being the largest ones observed so far in similar NiII six-coordinate complexes. Also a new, simple classification of six-coordinate bis(salicylaldiminato) complexes, based on the relative positions of coordinating atoms, has been proposed.
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Rutjens, Christel A. W., Paul H. M. Spauwen, and Pascal H. H. M. van Lieshout. "Lip Movement in Patients with a History of Unilateral Cleft Lip." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 38, no. 5 (September 2001): 468–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_2001_038_0468_lmipwa_2.0.co_2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective: The influence of a repaired cleft lip on the stability of coordination between upper and lower lip in nonspeech and speech tasks was investigated. Design: First, we looked at the effects of a secondary cleft lip repair in three individuals. Second, we compared subjects with a history of repaired unilateral cleft lip and subjects with no history of cleft lip (controls). Lip coordination was measured using continuous estimates of relative phase. Participants: Subjects were nine children and adolescents with a primary unilateral cleft lip and palate repair and 4 participants without cleft matched for age across different age categories. Results: In general, the averaged relative phase angle (RPA) angle values were smaller than 180 degrees, indicating an upper lip lead for lip closure. Controls showed a tendency toward a more symmetric type of coordination (close to 180 degrees), compared with subjects with a repaired unilateral cleft lip. The controls also showed less variation in coordination between the lips. For the more complex speech tasks, a general increase in variability of the RPA values for all subjects was observed, most likely suggesting a more flexible type of coordination. Regarding the effect of a secondary cleft lip repair, only one of the three patients showed a clearly less symmetric and less stable type of coordination, compared with preoperation results. Conclusions: There appear to be differences in lip coordination between speakers without and speakers with a repaired unilateral cleft lip. Furthermore, it seems that the stability of lip coordination tends to increase with age.
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Sun, Caige, Shengyong Zhang, Chuncheng Song, Jianhui Xu, and Fenglei Fan. "Investigation of Dynamic Coupling Coordination between Urbanization and the Eco-Environment—A Case Study in the Pearl River Delta Area." Land 10, no. 2 (February 13, 2021): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10020190.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The interaction between urbanization and the eco-environment is usually viewed as an effect–feedback framework. Its coupling system is composed of urbanization and eco-environment subsystems. In this paper, the coupling degree (CD) and the coupling coordinated degree (CCD) are used to reflect the coupling interaction and coupling coordination between the urbanization subsystem and the eco-environment subsystem. Based on the dynamic relative quantities of urbanization and eco-environment data in the Pearl River Delta, CD and CCD values were calculated, and the spatiotemporal evolution trend of coordination was analyzed. The results show that (1) from 2000 to 2015, the nine cities in the Pearl River Delta had high CD values and CCD values. Though they had different performances in different periods, they were all in a coordinated class, including good coordination (GC), moderate coordination (MC), and bare coordination (BC). (2) In terms of temporal evolution, the coupling coordination between urbanization and the eco-environment in the entire Pearl River Delta greatly improved. (3) From the perspective of spatial distribution, the coupling coordination of the central region was higher than that of the peripheral regions, and that of the west bank of the Pearl River was higher than that of the east bank of the Pearl River. These results can help local policy makers enact appropriate measures for sustainable development.
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Kogan, Shimon, Anthony M. Kwasnica, and Roberto A. Weber. "Coordination in the Presence of Asset Markets." American Economic Review 101, no. 2 (April 1, 2011): 927–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.101.2.927.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We explore the relationship between outcomes in a coordination game and a pre-play asset market where asset values are determined by outcomes in the subsequent coordination game. Across two experiments, we vary the payoffs from the market relative to the game, the degree of interdependence in the game, and whether traders' asset payoffs are dependent on outcomes in their own or another game. Markets lead to significantly lower efficiency across treatments, even when they produce no distortion of incentives in the game. Market prices forecast game outcomes. Our experiments shed light on how financial markets may influence affiliated economic outcomes. (JEL C91, D83, G13, G14)
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Romer, Braden H., Wendi Weimar, and John Fox. "Footwear Alters Lower Extremity Coordination Variability." Perceptual and Motor Skills 126, no. 5 (July 23, 2019): 764–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031512519863183.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Footwear has been shown to have a significant effect on numerous kinematic and kinetic variables during walking and running. While footwear mass is an indisputably important influence on gait patterns, we suspected that the amount of outsole material on most footwear would likely diminish or delay the integration of tactile feedback in motor control strategies during gait. Thus, we designed this study to investigate the influence of footwear and augmented tactile feedback on lower extremity coordination patterns during walking. A secondary purpose of the study was to examine gender differences in response to altered footwear conditions. Forty-eight participants (24 male and 24 females) walked during four standardized footwear conditions (barefoot, shod, barefoot with augmented tactile feedback, and shod with augmented tactile feedback), and we collected three-dimensional kinematic data and calculated continuous relative phase values for two adjacent lower extremity joints to determine interjoint coordination patterns. We used deviation phase and the mean of the continuous relative phase to compare motor coordination patterns across conditions. We found significant footwear and gender effects for spatiotemporal variables but only significant footwear effects for motor coordination patterns. Females displayed a significantly higher cadence and shorter height-normalized stride length as compared to males. Participants displayed significantly greater thigh-shank coordination variability in the shod, as compared to the unshod, conditions. Thus, footwear results in a diminished or delayed tactile feedback that alters neuromuscular control strategies during walking.
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Camugli Gallardo, Catherine. "L’intensification dans les expressions figées françaises à coordination interne." Actes du «27e colloque international sur le lexique et la grammaire» (L'Aquila, 10-13 septembre 2008). Première partie 32, no. 2 (December 15, 2009): 238–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.32.2.07cam.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An analysis of all the French expressions presenting a coordination reveals the conditions necessary to convey intensification values. The connector et (and) needs to have an additive value (or the connected value of precision or overbid) to trigger off intensification. This happens when it is combined with coordinated elements that have certain semantic connections with either addition or duplication : synonymy, total or partial referential convergence. Two degrees of intensification can be found : a relative degree (really, vraiment) when re-definition is at stake, and a high degree in the two other cases.
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Gaul, David, Arimin Mat, Donal O’Shea, and Johann Issartel. "Impaired Visual Motor Coordination in Obese Adults." Journal of Obesity 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6178575.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective. To investigate whether obesity alters the sensory motor integration process and movement outcome during a visual rhythmic coordination task. Methods. 88 participants (44 obese and 44 matched control) sat on a chair equipped with a wrist pendulum oscillating in the sagittal plane. The task was to swing the pendulum in synchrony with a moving visual stimulus displayed on a screen. Results. Obese participants demonstrated significantly (p<0.01) higher values for continuous relative phase (CRP) indicating poorer level of coordination, increased movement variability (p<0.05), and a larger amplitude (p<0.05) than their healthy weight counterparts. Conclusion. These results highlight the existence of visual sensory integration deficiencies for obese participants. The obese group have greater difficulty in synchronizing their movement with a visual stimulus. Considering that visual motor coordination is an essential component of many activities of daily living, any impairment could significantly affect quality of life.
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Vočadlo, Lidunka, Geoffrey D. Price, and I. G. Wood. "Crystal structure, compressibility and possible phase transitions in \boldvarepsilon-FeSi studied by first-principles pseudopotential calculations." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 55, no. 4 (August 1, 1999): 484–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768199001214.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An investigation of the relative stability of the FeSi structure and of some hypothetical polymorphs of FeSi has been made by first-principles pseudopotential calculations. It has been shown that the observed distortion from ideal sevenfold coordination is essential in stabilizing the FeSi structure relative to one of the CsCl type. Application of high pressure to FeSi is predicted to produce a structure having nearly perfect sevenfold coordination. However, it appears that FeSi having a CsCl-type structure will be the thermodynamically most stable phase for pressures greater than 13 GPa. Fitting of the calculated internal energy vs volume for the FeSi structure to a third-order Birch–Murnaghan equation of state led to values, at T = 0 K, for the bulk modulus, K 0, and for its first derivative with respect to pressure, K 0′, of 227 GPa and 3.9, respectively.
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Straiotto, Bruno G., David P. Cook, Darren C. James, and P. John Seeley. "Interjoint Coordination in Kicking a Moving Target: A Comparison Between Elite and Nonelite Taekwondo Players." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 37, no. 6 (December 1, 2021): 513–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2020-0359.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Patterns of interjoint coordination in the kicking legs of taekwondo players were investigated to understand movement pattern variability as a functional property of skill level. Elite and nonelite players performed roundhouse kicks against a custom-built moving target fitted with an accelerometer, and movements were recorded by motion capture. Average foot segment velocities of 13.6 and 11.4 m/s were recorded for elite and nonelite players, respectively (P < .05), corresponding to target accelerations of 87.5 and 70.8g (P < .05). Gradient values derived from piecewise linear regression of continuous relative phase curves established the comparative incoordination of nonelite taekwondo players in the form of an overshoot behavior during the crucial period leading to target impact (P < .05). This overshoot was apparent in both knee–hip and ankle–knee continuous relative phase curves. Elite players generated greater limb speed and impact force through more effective limb segment coordination. The combination of continuous relative phase and piecewise linear regression techniques allowed identification of alternate joint control approaches in the 2 groups.
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Іващенко, О. В., С. А. Пашкевич, and Ю. В. Крінін. "Comparative characteristics of functional coordination and force readiness boys 8—9 grades." Teorìâ ta Metodika Fìzičnogo Vihovannâ, no. 2 (June 25, 2014): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2014.2.1099.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose — to determine the characteristics of functional and motor fitness guys eighth and ninth grades.Material and methods. To achieve the objectives following methods were used: analysis of scientific literature, teacher testing and statistical methods of processing the results of the study. The study involved 17 boys 8th grade, 17 children in grade 9.Conclusions. The guys 8—9 classes standardized canonical discriminant function coefficients enable us to determine the relative contributions of the variables in the function result. Most contribution to the canonical function are changeable 1, 5 and 2: the larger the values of these variables, the greater the value of the function. The above indicates the possibility of evaluating the functional readiness of pupils of 8—9 classes with the help of samples Stange, Genchi and Serkin.The guys 8—9 classes standardized canonical discriminant function coefficients, which allow us to determine the relative contributions of the variables in the function result. Most contribution to the canonical function variables are 8, 7 and 9: the higher the values of these variables, the greater the value of the function. The above indicates the possibility of assessment of motor readiness of pupils of 8—9 classes by means of tests 8, 7 and 9. The boys grades 8—9 structural factors canonical discriminant function show that the most significant feature is associated with 8 and 9 variables: the more attention is paid to the static speed and power, the greater the likelihood improve motor fitness children grades 8—9.
Дисертації з теми "Relative values of coordination"
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Чайка, Тетяна Юріївна, та Марина Валеріївна Васильченко. "Вертикальний аналіз в класичній схемі аналізу фінансових результатів: сучасні тенденції застосування". Thesis, Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2019. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/44041.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Класична схема аналізу фінансових результатів еволюціонує разом із парадигмою фінансового аналізу. Відповідно, модифікуються підходи до застосування його складових частин, у тому числі і вертикального аналізу. Вертикальний аналіз фінансових результатів передбачає оцінку частки доходів і витрат у формуванні виручки на основі використання відносних величин координації (на відміну від вертикального аналізу балансу підприємства, при проведенні якого розраховуються відносні величини структури).
При проведенні практичної аналітичної роботи важливо правильно оцінити потреби в проведенні вертикального аналізу заданого ступеня деталізації. Для підвищення релевантності отриманих результатів вертикальний аналіз доцільно проводити спільно з іншими методами аналізу.The classic financial analysis framework is evolving in accordance with the changing paradigm of financial analysis. Accordingly, approaches to the application of its components, including vertical analysis, are being modified. A vertical analysis of financial results provides an assessment of the share of income and expenses in revenue generation based on the use of relative coordination values (as opposed to a vertical analysis of an company’s balance, during which relative structure values are calculated). When conducting practical analytical work, it is important to correctly assess the need for a vertical analysis of a given degree of detail. To increase the relevance of the results obtained, it is advisable to conduct a vertical analysis together with other methods of analysis.
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Vanhée, Loïs. "Using culture and values to support flexible coordination." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS258/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cette thèse propose une méthode pour coordonner flexiblement des Systèmes Multi-Agents (SMA). Plus en détails, nous étudions comment influencer des agents artificiels afin que, collectivement, ils atteignent des objectifs complexes et/ou dynamiques dans des environnements eux-aussi complexes et dynamiques (ex: un groupe de robots pour secourir les victimes lors d'un désastre, qui peut s'adapter à une grande variété de dangers, conditions climatiques, état des victimes).Dans ce but, nous avons d'abord étudié pourquoi, dans les sociétés humaines, les humains parviennent à coordonner relativement flexiblement mais pas leurs contreparties artificielles (agents des SMA). Cette opposition peut être grandement expliquée à l'aide d'un facteur clef : la culture. Les humains qui partagent un même bagage culturel se coordonnent flexiblement plus facilement, car ils ont une idée commune de ce que "travailler ensemble" veut dire. A contrario, les agents n'ont pas ce bagage et leurs échecs pour travailler ensemble s'apparente souvent à des chocs culturels.Ainsi, notre objectif consiste à répondre à la question suivante: peut-on utiliser une culture semblable à celle des humains comme un outil coordonner les SMA (et si oui, comment) ? Pour répondre à cette question, il nous faut d'abord expliquer : comment intégrer une culture semblable à celle des humains dans un SMA? Cette seconde question en soulève une troisième à étudier en premier : comment est-ce que la culture influence la manière dont la coordination se passe dans les sociétés humaines ?1- Nous montrons que de manière générale, la culture influence les décisions individuelles prises en situation d'interaction (ex: au travers d'attentes, de manière d'agir et de raisonner). Cette influence mène à l'occurrence de schémas d'interaction abstraits, récurrent et cohérents, qui, généralement, améliorent la performance collective. Ensuite, nous spécifions comment les principaux mécanismes l'influence connue de la culture (ex: importance culturelle accordée au pouvoir, aux règles) appliquent spécifiquement en situation de coordination (ex: la culture influence si les dirigeants donnent des ordres vs. des propositions à leurs subordonnés).2-Nous montrons comment répliquer les mécanismes l'influence de la culture sur la coordination dans les SMA. Tout d'abord, puisque la culture est fondée dans les décisions individuelles, nous mettons en avant un mécanisme de décision humain clef qui, à la fois, est sensible à la culture et influence la coordination. Ce mécanisme se trouve dans les valeurs, ce que les gens considèrent comme "bien" ou "important" (ex: honnêteté, discipline, autonomie). Ensuite, nous intégrons ces valeurs dans une architecture agent capable de prendre des décisions en situation de coordination. Enfin, nous illustrons que notre architecture peut en effet reproduire l'influence de la culture sur la coordination à travers de deux simulations qui répliquent des phénomènes culturels en situation de coordination connus.3-Nous étudions comment ces valeurs, inspirées des valeurs humaines, peuvent être utilisées coordonner des SMA. Tout d'abord, nous étudions pour quels problèmes les valeurs offrent un moyen opérationnel pour soutenir la coordination. A l'instar des sociétés humaines, les valeurs sont particulièrement offrent un haut niveau de flexibilité, quand les agents doivent raisonner eux-même pour établir une coordination. Puis, nous étudions les détails techniques à considérer pour utiliser en pratique des valeurs pour coordonner flexiblement des SMA (ex: quelles valeurs choisir ? Comment les représenter ?).En résumé, cette thèse met en évidence que les principaux mécanismes de l'influence de la culture sur la coordination (en particulier, grâce à l'influence de la culture sur les valeurs) peuvent être répliquées au sein des SMA. De plus, nous montrons que ces mécanismes peuvent être manipulés dans le but de coordonner des SMAThis thesis proposes a method for supporting flexible coordination in multi-agent systems (MASs). In other words, we aim at influencing societies of artificial agents such that they can handle complex or evolving environments and collective goals (e.g. robots providing an emergency support capable of handling various hazards, climatic conditions, status of victims).Towards achieving this goal, we first investigated why in human societies, for which MASs can be seen as an ``artificial" counterpart, humans manage to coordinate relatively flexibly comparatively with artificial agents in MASs. We discovered that culture is a key factor of this relative success. Briefly, when humans share a cultural background, they manage to coordinate more flexibly because they share a common idea about what ``working together'' means. Conversely, artificial agents miss this aspect, leading in turn to coordination failures that can are similar to cultural clashes.The lack raises our goal: we want to better understand how culture can be integrated within and used for coordinating artificial societies. This goal raises the following research question: (how) can human-like culture be used as a tool for supporting coordination in artificial societies? As a preliminary step for answering this question, we need first to answer this question: (how) can the influence human-like cultures be integrated within artificial societies? In turn, this question raises a third one to be answered first: how does culture influence coordination in human societies?As a first step, we expand general theories of culture for conceptualizing its influence in the context of coordination. From a generic perspective, we explain that culture influences individual decisions that support matching expectations and coherent interaction patterns, leading in turn to (generally) better collective performance. From a more specific perspective, we specify how the core acknowledged patterns of the influence of culture (e.g. cultural importance given to power status, to rules) apply in the context of coordination (e.g. culture influences the likeliness that leaders are (made) responsible for making decisions for subordinates vs. proposing alternatives).As a second step, we study how to replicate human-like influences of culture on coordination within artificial societies. First, since culture is grounded within individual decisions, we investigate the core culturally-sensitive decision aspects that impact the most (flexible) coordination in human societies. We discover that values, what people consider as ``good'' or ``important'' (e.g. honesty, obedience, autonomy), constitute such an aspect by deeply supporting a wide range of (interaction-related) decisions. Then, for illustrating how to replicate influence of culture within artificial societies, we build an value-sensitive agent decision architecture that can make coordination-related decisions. Finally, we illustrate that our architecture can replicate the influence of culture on coordination through two simulations that replicate known coordination-related cultural phenomena.As a third step, we study how human-like values can be used for supporting coordination in artificial societies. First, we investigate the range of coordination problems for which values can offer an operational means for supporting coordination. As in human societies, values are particularly adequate for problems with complex and dynamic environments, requiring agents to make coordination-related decisions. Then, towards concretely implementing values, we study the technical details to consider when using values for supporting flexible coordination (e.g. how to concretely design values and integrating them within decision processes)
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Chiu, Shiu-Ling, and Shiu-Ling Chiu. "Assessing Inter-joint Coordination during Walking." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12543.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Coordination indicates the ability to assemble and maintain a series of proper relations between joints or segments during motions. In Dynamical Systems Theory (DST), movement patterns are results of a synergistic organization of the neuromuscular system based on the constraints of anatomical structures, environmental factors, and movement tasks. Human gait requires the high level of neuromuscular control to regulate the initiation, intensity and adaptability of movements. To better understand how the neuromuscular system organizes and coordinates movements during walking, examination of single joint kinematics and kinetics alone may not be sufficient. Studying inter-joint coordination will provide insights into the essential timing and sequencing of neuromuscular control over biomechanical degrees of freedom, and the variability of inter-joint coordination would reflect the adaptability of such control.
Previous studies assessing inter-joint coordination were mainly focused on neurological deficiencies, such as stroke or cerebral palsy. However, information on how inter-joint coordination is modulated with different constraints, such as walking speeds, aging, brain injury or joint dysfunctions, are limited. This knowledge could help us in identifying the potential risks during walking and improve the performance of individuals with movement impairments. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the properties of inter-joint coordination pattern and variability during walking with different levels of neuromuscular system perturbations using a DST approach, including an overall neuromuscular systemic degeneration, a direct insult to the brain, and a joint disease.
We found that aging seemed to reduce the pattern adaptability of neuromuscular control. Isolated brain injury and joint disease altered the coordination pattern and exaggerated the variability, indicating a poor neuromuscular control. To improve gait performances for different populations, clinical rehabilitation should be carefully designed as different levels of neuromuscular system constraints would lead to different needs for facilitating appropriate coordinative movement.
This dissertation includes both previously published/unpublished and coauthored material.
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Ralph, Barnaby. "The dark Eden : relative values in the works of P.G. Wodehouse /." Title page, contents and introduction only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arr163.pdf.
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Walls, Andrew. "An Examination of Consumer Experience and Relative Effects on Consumer Values." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2518.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the ever changing business climate, the service sector has become a major focus of attention. One key aspect of this competitive environment is the effort of many businesses to differentiate themselves by creating unique customer experiences that accompany their products and services. The challenge to creating memorable consumer experiences is the proper identification of specific characteristics that influence experiences and gaining better understanding of how these impact consumers perceived values. To this end, this study attempted to develop a model that identifies influencing dimensions of consumer experiences and investigates the composition of consumer experiences and the relative outcome on consumer's perceived values in a hospitality setting. To facilitate this research objective, a model was presented which proposed that consumer experiences are composed of both physical and human interaction characteristics. The consumer's perspective of these characteristics, and hence the actual service experience, are affected by situational factors and individual characteristic which in return impact perceived emotive and cognitive values. A set of propositions are presented based on the model and literature review to measure the relationship between these factors. To initiate this research, an intercept survey approach was taken. Four hundred sixty-two (462) surveys were completed by hotel guests staying in one of three market segments in Orlando, FL. Participants completed the self-administered survey by answering questions concerning their current stay experience relating to physical environment, human encounters, trip-related factors, individual characteristics, and perceived values. Overall, the results found that trip-related factors and individual characteristics affect perceptions of physical environment and human interactions consumer experiences during their hotel stay. In addition, the results revealed that both physical environment and human interactions have significant and positive relationship with perceived values. These results can give lodging managers a better understanding of the composition of consumer experiences and how these events influence perceived values.Ph.D.
Department of Educational Research, Technology and Leadership
Education
Education PhD
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Henstra, Judith-Ann. "On the parsing of syntactically ambiguous sentences : coordination and relative clause attachment." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321467.
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Chakraborty, Anusna. "Cooperative Localization based Multi-Agent Coordination and Control." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1613731906578577.
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Itashiki, Michael Robert. "Explaining “Everyday Crime”: A Test of Anomie and Relative Deprivation Theory." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2011. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc103334/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Every day, individuals commit acts which are considered immoral, unethical, even criminal, often to gain material advantage. Many people consider cheating on taxes, cheating on tests, claiming false benefits, or avoiding transport fare to be wrong, but they do them anyway. While some of these acts may not be formally illegal, they are, at best, considered morally dubious and is labeled “everyday crime.” Anomie theory holds that individuals make decisions based on socialized values, which separately may be contradictory but together, balances each other out, producing behavior considered “normal” by society. When one holds an imbalanced set of values, decisions made on that set may produce deviant behavior, such as everyday crime. RD theory holds that individuals who perceive their own deprivation, relative to someone else, will feel frustration and injustice, and may attempt to ameliorate that feeling with deviant behavior. Data from the 2006 World Values Survey were analyzed using logistic regression, testing both constructs concurrently. An individual was 1.55 times more likely to justify everyday crime for each calculated unit of anomie; and 1.10 times more likely for each calculated unit of RD. It was concluded from this study that anomie and relative deprivation were both associated with the tendency towards everyday crime.
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Kiefer, Adam. "Multi-Segmental Postural Coordination in Professional Ballet Dancers." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1250045828.
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Muzhingi, Taurai. "The relative value relevance of book values, operating cash flows, EVA and earnings: A South African perspective." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29220.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Most investors would want to know what is included in the price of a share and how far accounting data explain the share price. This study uses the most common measures of financial performance to measure what is explained by the share price. Most analyst briefings use these financial performance measures: book value per share, cash flow per share, earnings per share and most recently the market performance measure, the economic value added (EVA) in the share valuations. The objective of the study is to examine the relationship between the above measures of financial performance as presented in financial statements and the share prices and share returns. If there is a relationship, which measure is most closely related to both share prices and share returns? The study uses data obtained from a balanced sample of 87 companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) during the ten-year period (2005-2014). Both the price and the returns models were used to analyse this financial data to find out which accounting measure has the greatest explanatory power on the share prices and share returns (measured by the R-squared or R 2metric). For the price model, share prices 3 months after the financial yearend were used to allow for the release of financial information. Using the price model, earnings have the highest overall R2 at 56.4%, with book values at 18.4%, EVA at 2.18% and lastly operating cash flows at 1.18%. This effectively means that earnings per share is more value relevant in determining firm value than either book value of equity, EVA and operating cash flows, respectively. Using incremental value relevance, equity book values and earnings explain 65% of the share prices. However, changes in EVA deflated by price have the greatest explanatory power (R 2 at 30%) using the returns model and none of the other measures(earnings and operating cash flows) have a significant relationship with share returns. Overall the results show that both accounting based (book value of equity and earnings) and market based measures (EVA) are value relevant in determining firm value. The results also show that a consideration of more than one variable in determining firm value is more informative than considering each variable separately. EVA should also be used in determining value as it has shown that it explains some of the share prices and returns.
Книги з теми "Relative values of coordination"
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Chernyavskiy, Aleksandr. General theory of law in connection with the axiology of values. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1371623.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The monograph presents the author's view on the legal quality of law from the point of view of the theory of law as the norms of coordinating interests about values. The author gives an assessment of the norms of law as the norms of differentiation and coordination of relations regarding values. The article analyzes what is the driving principle of law: the convergence of state values and human values. The author believes that any attempts to assign priority to certain values without taking into account their real correlation in society are doomed to failure in advance. The attitude of a person to the law is the defining embodiment of legal values as the socio-cultural basis of law. The law regulates the procedure for the realization of interests in relation to values.
For a wide range of readers interested in legal issues. It will be useful for students, postgraduates and teachers of law schools.
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Relative values. Bridgend, Mid Glamorgan: Poetry Wales, 1985.
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Steele, Jessica. Relative values. Richmond: Mills& Boon, 1993.
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McFerran, Anne. Role reversal: Relative values. London: Times newspapers, 1989.
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Wilkes, Angela. News and reviews: Relative values. London: Times newspapers, 1988.
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Fox, Sue. Heart and voice: Relative values. London: Times newspapers, 1989.
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Philip, Dodd, ed. Relative values, or, What's art worth? London: BBC Books, 1991.
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Lock, Kate. Where the heart is: Relative values. London: Headline, 1999.
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Hartnack, Justus. Filosofi og common sense: Fra det relative til det absolutte. København: C.A. Reitzel Forlag, 1999.
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Relative tense and aspectual values in Tibetan languages: A comparative study. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 2004.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "Relative values of coordination"
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Eagleton, Mary. "Relative Values: Career, Marriage, Maternity." In Clever Girls and the Literature of Women's Upward Mobility, 57–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71961-0_3.
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Marconi, Diego. "Three Easy Points on Relative Truth." In Mind, Values, and Metaphysics, 151–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05146-8_10.
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Pigmans, Klara, Huib Aldewereld, Virginia Dignum, and Neelke Doorn. "The Role of Values." In Coordination, Organizations, Institutions, and Norms in Agent Systems XII, 139–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66595-5_8.
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Dolfsma, Wilfred. "Knowledge Coordination and Development via Market, Hierarchy and Gift Exchange." In Institutions, Communication and Values, 62–78. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230250666_6.
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Potanina, Olga. "Grammaticization and relative clauses in Eastern Khanty." In Subordination and Coordination Strategies in North Asian Languages, 77–84. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.300.08pot.
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Calleja, José M. "How to Get Absolute Values from Relative Measurements." In Manuel Cardona, 19–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20343-0_7.
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Smith, Michael. "Deontological Moral Obligations and Non-Welfarist Agent-Relative Values." In Developing Deontology, 1–13. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118368794.ch1.
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Viens, A. M. "Populations, values, and health." In Healthcare Public Health, 46–55. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837206.003.0005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter explores some of the philosophical and ethical presuppositions of population healthcare; it investigates the implications for how we should understand the jurisdiction, aims, and evaluation of population healthcare. The jurisdiction of population healthcare is primarily within the healthcare system but necessarily extends beyond the walls of clinics and hospitals, given the need for social coordination to bring about healthcare access at the population level. The dual aims of population healthcare in maximizing population benefits of healthcare and reducing health inequalities are clearly moral in nature, but they can give rise to conflicting goals that the ethics of population healthcare should seek to resolve. While population healthcare’s aim is to advance a value-based approach to healthcare, which seeks to promote what is called technical, allocative, and personalized value, there are a number of questions that remain unanswered: in particular, the justification and evaluation of personalized value, and why the satisfaction of individual preferences in relation to health outcomes should be a population-level concern alongside promoting health and health equity.
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"Contributors." In Relative Values, 495–98. Duke University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780822383222-021.
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"Index." In Relative Values, 499–519. Duke University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9780822383222-019.
Повний текст джерелаТези доповідей конференцій з теми "Relative values of coordination"
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Han, Jeongwoo, and Panos Papalambros. "A Sequential Linear Programming Coordination Algorithm for Analytical Target Cascading." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-35361.
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Decomposition-based strategies, such as analytical target cascading (ATC), are often employed in design optimization of complex systems. Achieving convergence and computational efficiency in the coordination strategy that solves the partitioned problem is a key challenge. A new convergent strategy is proposed for ATC, which coordinates the interactions among subproblems using sequential lineralizations. Linearity of subproblems is maintained using L∞ norms to measure deviations between targets and responses. A subproblem suspension strategy is used to temporarily suspend inclusion of subproblems that do not need significant redesign, based on trust region and target value step size. The proposed strategy is intended for use in optimization problems where sequential linearizations are typically effective, such as problems with extensive monotonicities, large number of constraints relative to variables, and propagation of probabilities with normal distributions. Experiments with test problems show that, relative to standard ATC coordination, the number of subproblem evaluations is reduced considerably while maintaining accuracy.
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Xu, Meng, Georges Fadel, and Margaret M. Wiecek. "Dual Residual in Augmented Lagrangian Coordination for Decomposition-Based Optimization." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-35103.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As system design problems increase in complexity, researchers seek approaches to optimize such problems by coordinating the optimizations of decomposed sub-problems. Many methods for optimization by decomposition have been proposed in the literature among which, the Augmented Lagrangian Coordination (ALC) method has drawn much attention due to its efficiency and flexibility. The ALC method involves a quadratic penalty term, and the initial setting and update strategy of the penalty weight are critical to the performance of the ALC. The weight in the traditional weight update strategy always increases and previous research shows that an inappropriate initial value of the penalty weight may cause the method not to converge to optimal solutions. Inspired by the research on Augmented Lagrangian Relaxation in the convex optimization area, a new weight update strategy in which the weight can either increase or decrease is introduced into engineering optimization. The derivation of the primal and dual residuals for optimization by decomposition is conducted as a first step. It shows that the traditional weight update strategy only considers the primal residual, which may result in a duality gap and cause a relatively big solution error. A new weight update strategy considering both the primal and dual residuals is developed which drives the dual residual to zero in the optimization process, thus guaranteeing the solution accuracy of the decomposed problem. Finally, the developed strategy is applied to both mathematical and engineering test problems and the results show significant improvements in solution accuracy. Additionally, the proposed approach makes the ALC method more robust since it allows the coordination to converge with an initial weight selected from a much wider range of possible values while the selection of initial weight is a big concern in the traditional weight update strategy.
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Hu, Yujing, Yingfeng Chen, Changjie Fan, and Jianye Hao. "Explicitly Coordinated Policy Iteration." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/51.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Coordination on an optimal policy between independent learners in fully cooperative stochastic games is difficult due to problems such as relative overgeneralization and miscoordination. Most state-of-the-art algorithms apply fusion heuristics on agents' optimistic and average rewards, by which coordination between agents can be achieved implicitly. However, such implicit coordination faces practical issues such as tedious parameter-tuning in real world applications. The lack of an explicit coordination mechanism may also lead to a low likelihood of coordination in problems with multiple optimal policies. Based on the necessary conditions of an optimal policy, we propose the explicitly coordinated policy iteration (EXCEL) algorithm which always forces agents to coordinate by comparing the agents' separated optimistic and average value functions. We also propose three solutions for deep reinforcement learning extensions of EXCEL. Extensive experiments in matrix games (from 2-agent 2-action games to 5-agent 20-action games) and stochastic games (from 2-agent games to 5-agent games) show that EXCEL has better performance than the state-of-the-art algorithms (such as faster convergence and better coordination).
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Lucente, Courtney D., Ajinkya V. Koleshwar, and Giacomo Falorni. "A Case Study on InSAR as a High Frequency Decision Making Tool for SAGD Operations." In SPE Western Regional Meeting. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/209251-ms.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Reservoir surveillance is a key component of SAGD operations. There are several widely used surveillance techniques which vary in spatial and temporal coverage, resolution, and cost. The most common of which include pressure and temperature observation wells and 4D seismic. This study aims to demonstrate the value of InSAR as a decision-making tool over operating SAGD pads when used in a coordinated surveillance program alongside existing techniques. Results acquired from conventional surveillance techniques such as 4D seismic are often compared to those from InSAR at the scale of one of the data sets. A frequent challenge when making these comparisons is different acquisition frequency and coverage. This study compares the relative results from each data set to determine if the same conclusions could be drawn from InSAR as from seismic at varying scales. To do this, SAGD wells are divided into segments at various scales (half, third and quarter well). Results from InSAR and 4D seismic are extracted for each segment and statistics analyzed to determine if InSAR and 4D seismic lead to the same relative outcome and thus might lead to the same operational decisions. Results will focus on the ability of InSAR to provide decision making information to SAGD operators like that of other surveillance techniques, but at higher temporal frequency. In particular, the scale at which InSAR provides comparable results to 4D seismic will be investigated and how using InSAR in coordination with seismic may result in more frequent well production optimization. Previous attempts to correlate InSAR to existing SAGD surveillance techniques have shown mixed, though often promising results. Difficulties have arisen from attempts to directly compare discrete InSAR values to those of other techniques, often resulting in poor regression coefficients and a lack of confidence. Qualitative comparisons of gridded surfaces provide little insight on how to utilize the InSAR data. This study will demonstrate the scale at which InSAR can provide information to make operational SAGD decisions.
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Komenda, Jan, Tomas Masopust, and Jan H. van Schuppen. "Relative observability in coordination control." In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/coase.2015.7294044.
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Carlson, R. J., P. M. West, and D. E. Azouz. "Digital Control System Development for an Intercooled Recuperated Gas Turbine." In ASME 1993 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/93-gt-326.
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The on-going development of a full authority digital engine control (FADEC) system for the US Navy’s Intercooled Recuperated (ICR) gas turbine requires a high level of system coordination to achieve the primary benefits of reduced specific fuel consumption and improved specific output power relative to a simple cycle engine. This paper describes the system requirements analysis and the implementation of control algorithms leading to the preliminary ICR control system design. The ICR control system is required to coordinate the actions of over 30 actuators using data taken from over 150 sensors. Primary control of the engine output power is provided by regulation of the fuel metering valve. Thermal management of the intercooler, recuperator, and variable area power turbine nozzle results in maximum cycle efficiency within safe operating limits. The new electronic engine controller (EEC) is based on a new open architecture Futurebus+ backplane and is fully redundant in all operationally critical control functions. The EEC also features an operating panel and video display for local operation and maintenance of the control system. The graphical display and function keys provide access to control functions as well as assist maintenance activities with built-in test diagnostics to trouble shoot failed circuitry.
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Carlson, R. J., and R. E. Olson. "Digital Control of the WR21 Intercooled Recuperated Gas Turbine." In ASME 1995 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/95-gt-140.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The on-going development of a full authority digital engine control (FADEC) system for the US Navy’s Intercooled Recuperated (ICR) gas turbine requires a high level of system coordination to achieve the primary benefits of reduced specific fuel consumption and improved specific output power relative to a simple cycle engine. This paper describes the system evolution and the hardware and associated control algorithms implemented in the Advanced Development prototype ICR control system design. The ICR control system is required to coordinate the actions of 58 actuator channels using data taken from 141 sensors. Primary control of the engine output power is provided by regulation of the fuel metering valve. Thermal management of the intercooler, recuperator, and variable area power turbine nozzle results in maximum cycle efficiency within safe operating limits. The new electronic engine controller (EEC) is based on an open architecture Futurebus+ backplane and is fully redundant in all operationally critical control functions. The EEC also features an integrated operating panel and video display for local operation and maintenance of the control system. The graphical display and function keys provide access to control functions as well as assist maintenance activities with built-in test diagnostics to trouble shoot failed circuitry.
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Zhang, Jianhua, Xiaolin Xu, Xuan Liu, and Minglu Zhang. "Relative Dynamic Modeling of Dual-Arm Coordination Robot." In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/robio.2018.8665193.
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Dix, Alan. "Asynchronous active values for client-side interactive service coordination." In the International Working Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2254556.2254565.
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Chen, Yang, Xingang Zhao, Chan Zhang, and Jianda Han. "Relative Coordination 3D Trajectory Generation Based on the Trimmed ACO." In 2010 International Conference on Electrical and Control Engineering (ICECE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icece.2010.378.
Повний текст джерелаЗвіти організацій з теми "Relative values of coordination"
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Walsh, S. R. Redefining how Relative Values are Determined on Fitness Reports. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada509003.
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James, T. S., J. A. Henton, L. J. Leonard, A. Darlington, D L Forbes, and M. Craymer. Tabulated values of relative sea-level projections in Canada and the adjacent mainland United States. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/297048.
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Austin, Velda R., and Wayne R. Wilson. Classification of Champus Professional Services to Ambulatory Patient Groups and Assignment of Resource-Based Relative Values. Champus Professional Services Classification Study (CPSCS). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada251256.
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Stakes, Keith, Keith Stakes, Julie Bryant, Nick Dow, Jack Regan, and Craig Weinschenk. Analysis of the Coordination of Suppression and Ventilation in Multi-Family Dwellings. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/ympj4047.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The majority of the existing full-scale fire service research studied the impact of tactics on the residential fireground, specifically in single-family structures. This study builds upon prior research by conducting thirteen experiments in three-story, multi-family dwellings to quantify the impact of coordination between ventilation and suppression actions. Experiments were conducted in four, garden-style apartment buildings; each of which had two lower-level units, four first-floor units, and four second-floor units. The apartments shared a common stairwell that was enclosed for all of the experiments in this study. To examine the effectiveness of tactics in the fire apartment, common stairwell and applicable exposure apartments, four experiments were conducted in lower-level apartments, seven were conducted in first-floor apartments, and two were conducted in second-floor apartments including both bedroom and kitchen/living room fires. The fire size varied based on the amount of initial ventilation provided. The main control variables included the location of initial water application, the ventilation method, and the timing of ventilation relative to water application. The suppression tactics included interior water application, exterior water application followed by interior water application, and a combined interior and exterior water application. The ventilation tactics examined in these experiments included horizontal, vertical, positive pressure, and hydraulic ventilation. Similar to previous experiments in acquired single-family structures, there was no meaningful increase in temperature outside of fire rooms when ventilation tactics were executed in close coordination with (shortly after or shortly before) the onset of suppression. In contrast, for experiments where ventilation occurred with delayed suppression, temperature exposures increased throughout the fire apartment, and in experiments where the apartment door was left open, temperatures and carbon monoxide exposures increased throughout the common stairwell. Suppression actions, whether interior or exterior, resulted in a decrease in temperatures and gas concentrations at locations where occupants may potentially be located. The enclosed common stairwell, a unique feature of this experimental series, acted as capture of combustion products. Opening the apartment door to gain access should be thought of as an important ventilation action, both in terms of its potential to cause fire growth and its potential for smoke movement into the stairwell, limiting the egress for potentially trapped occupants in exposure units. Tactics such as door control, positive pressure ventilation, and hydraulic ventilation which were used both simultaneous with and sequentially post-suppression were shown to limit gas flows into the stairwell. After effective suppression, structure ventilation operations should similarly be cognizant of gas flows, with the aim of establishing flow throughout all areas where occupants may be located.
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Regan, Jack, Julie Bryant, and Craig Weinschenk. Analysis of the Coordination of Suppression and Ventilation in Single-Family Homes. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, March 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/slzh7498.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Prior full-scale research with the fire service was primarily designed to isolate specific tactics, most often either ventilation or suppression, which allowed researchers to develop science-based recommendations related to the specific components of fireground operations studied in relatively controlled conditions. The current project went beyond earlier research by conducting twenty experiments in eight acquired, single-family residential structures and that combined fireground tactics to quantify the impact of coordination between ventilation and suppression actions. This experimental series included second-story bedroom fires (14 experiments) and first-floor kitchen fires (6 experiments). The main control variables studied included the position of initial application of water, the ventilation method, and the timing of ventilation relative to water application. The ventilation tactics examined in these experiments included horizontal, vertical, positive pressure, and hydraulic ventilation, while the suppression tactics included both interior water application and initial exterior water application followed by interior water application. While some elements of the experiments (e.g. structure floor plan and weather) resulted in increased variability, the lessons learned highlighted the importance of having a systematic approach to the implementation of tactics. Most importantly, there was no meaningful increase in temperature outside of fire rooms when ventilation tactics were executed in coordination with (shortly after or shortly before) the onset of suppression. The effectiveness of suppression actions in extinguishing the fire were dependent on the ability of those actions to 1) cool surfaces in the fire room and 2) wet unburned fuel. Exterior suppression actions on second-floor bedroom fires resulted in a decrease in temperatures throughout the second floor, followed by regrowth prior to final suppression through interior streams. When exterior suppression was performed on first-floor kitchen fires, where more complete fuel wetting was possible, regrowth was not observed prior to interior suppression. When surface cooling or fuel wetting are not possible due to the elevation of the fire room, missing ceiling, or obstacles, firefighters should consider alternative means of water distribution to improve the effectiveness of suppression actions from outside the fire room. Suppression actions, whether interior or exterior, generally resulted in a decrease in temperatures and gas concentrations at locations where occupants may potentially be located. Conditions improved most quickly at locations closest in proximity to the inlet of the flow path established between the front door and the fire room. For this reason, opening an exterior door to gain access should be thought of as an important ventilation action, both in terms of its potential to cause fire growth and its potential to improve conditions for potentially trapped occupants. After effective suppression, structure ventilation operations should similarly be cognizant of gas flows, with the aim of establishing flow throughout all areas where occupants may be located.
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Michalak, Julia, Josh Lawler, John Gross, and Caitlin Littlefield. A strategic analysis of climate vulnerability of national park resources and values. National Park Service, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2287214.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The U.S. national parks have experienced significant climate-change impacts and rapid, on-going changes are expected to continue. Despite the significant climate-change vulnerabilities facing parks, relatively few parks have conducted comprehensive climate-change vulnerability assessments, defined as assessments that synthesize vulnerability information from a wide range of sources, identify key climate-change impacts, and prioritize vulnerable park resources (Michalak et al. In review). In recognition that funding and planning capacity is limited, this project was initiated to identify geographies, parks, and issues that are high priorities for conducting climate-change vulnerability assessments (CCVA) and strategies to efficiently address the need for CCVAs across all U.S. National Park Service (NPS) park units (hereafter “parks”) and all resources. To help identify priority geographies and issues, we quantitatively assessed the relative magnitude of vulnerability factors potentially affecting park resources and values. We identified multiple vulnerability factors (e.g., temperature change, wildfire potential, number of at-risk species, etc.) and sought existing datasets that could be developed into indicators of these factors. To be included in the study, datasets had to be spatially explicit or already summarized for individual parks and provide consistent data for at least all parks within the contiguous U.S. (CONUS). The need for consistent data across such a large geographic extent limited the number of datasets that could be included, excluded some important drivers of climate-change vulnerability, and prevented adequate evaluation of some geographies. The lack of adequately-scaled data for many key vulnerability factors, such as freshwater flooding risks and increased storm activity, highlights the need for both data development and more detailed vulnerability assessments at local to regional scales where data for these factors may be available. In addition, most of the available data at this scale were related to climate-change exposures, with relatively little data available for factors associated with climate-change sensitivity or adaptive capacity. In particular, we lacked consistent data on the distribution or abundance of cultural resources or accessible data on infrastructure across all parks. We identified resource types, geographies, and critical vulnerability factors that lacked data for NPS’ consideration in addressing data gaps. Forty-seven indicators met our criteria, and these were combined into 21 climate-change vulnerability factors. Twenty-seven indicators representing 12 vulnerability factors addressed climate-change exposure (i.e., projected changes in climate conditions and impacts). A smaller number of indictors measured sensitivity (12 indicators representing 5 vulnerability factors). The sensitivity indicators often measured park or landscape characteristics which may make resources more or less responsive to climate changes (e.g., current air quality) as opposed to directly representing the sensitivity of specific resources within the park (e.g., a particular rare species or type of historical structure). Finally, 6 indicators representing 4 vulnerability factors measured external adaptive capacity for living resources (i.e., characteristics of the park and/or surrounding landscape which may facilitate or impede species adaptation to climate changes). We identified indicators relevant to three resource groups: terrestrial living, aquatic living (including living cultural resources such as culturally significant landscapes, plant, or animal species) and non-living resources (including infrastructure and non-living cultural resources such as historic buildings or archeological sites). We created separate indicator lists for each of these resource groups and analyzed them separately. To identify priority geographies within CONUS,...
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Савосько, Василь Миколайович, Наталія Вікторівна Товстоляк, Юрій Васильович Лихолат, and Іван Панасович Григорюк. Structure and Diversity of Urban Park Stands at Kryvyi Rih Ore-Mining & Metallurgical District, Central Ukraine. Podgorica, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3946.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The present study examines the relationships between structure (floristic composition, dendrometric parameters), diversity (diversity and evenness indexes) of urban forest park stands and the ecological (soil fertility, soil moisture), environmental factors (air pollution). The study is based on the forest park stands inventory data, performed from 2012 to 2017 in Kryvyi Rih City, Central Ukraine. The floristic compositions of the urban forest park stands are poor. There are only 23 species that belong to 14 families and 12 genera. More families were represented by at least more than 2% of taxon diversity. While Ulmaceae (2 genera, 4 species–17,39 %), Fabaceae (3 genera, 2 species–17,39 %), Aсеrасеае (1 genera, 4 species–17,39 %) were the most representative families. It was established that at forest park the values of stand density varied from 490 to 660 trees*ha-1, stem heights were from 26 to 31 m, stem diameters were from 13 to 17 cm, stand basal area were from 32 to 49 m2*ha-1, stand volume were from 200 to 415 m3*ha-1. the values of relative stem heights were from 0,63 to 0,82 m*year-1, relative stem diameters were from 0,31 to 0,43 cm*year-1, relative stand basal area were from 0,80 to 1,19 m2*ha-1*year-1, relative stand volume were from 5,45 to 10,28 m3*ha-1*year-1. The varied values of the forest park stands index (Shannon-Wiener diversity index from 0,75 to 1,61, Pielou‟s evenness index from 0,53 to 0,86, Simpson‟s diversity from 0,24 to 0,60, Margalef‟s diversity index from 0,87 to 6,97) indicate the ecological instability of these woody plant communities. Current state of the urban forest park stands determined by the combined influence of ecological (soil fertility, soil moisture) and environmental factors (air pollution).
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Schad, Aaron, Gary Dick, Kris Erickson, Paul Fuhrmann, and Lynde Dodd. Vegetation community changes in response to phragmites management at Times Beach, Buffalo, New York. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42149.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Management of invasive phragmites (Phragmites australis [Cav.] Trin. Ex Steud.) in the United States has proven challenging over the last several decades. Various methods for control exist, but integrated approaches appear to have the most success. However, documentation of vegetation community–wide responses to these approaches remains limited. This study monitored plant community changes at Times Beach, New York, over a five-year period. In concert with mowing and thatch removal in all areas, the study evaluated two herbicides separately and together, representing three experimental treatment areas (TAs), for control efficacy by measuring plant community structure. Phragmites was targeted for treatments, avoiding native and nonproblematic non-native species when possible, to preserve beneficial habitat during phragmites control efforts. Monitoring results showed significant drops in phragmites relative cover, relative frequency, and importance values due to integrated management, regardless of herbicide treatment, with corresponding increases in these same values for native and other plant species. This suggests that prudent removal of phragmites is compatible with beneficial plant restorative efforts to maintain and improve habitat in infested areas.
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Manninen, Terhikki, and Pauline Stenberg. Influence of forest floor vegetation on the total forest reflectance and its implications for LAI estimation using vegetation indices. Finnish Meteorological Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361379.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Recently a simple analytic canopy bidirectional reflectance factor (BRF) model based on the spectral invariants theory was presented. The model takes into account that the recollision probability in the forest canopy is different for the first scattering than the later ones. Here this model is extended to include the forest floor contribution to the total forest BRF. The effect of the understory vegetation on the total forest BRF as well as on the simple ratio (SR) and the normalized difference (NDVI) vegetation indices is demonstrated for typical cases of boreal forest. The relative contribution of the forest floor to the total BRF was up to 69 % in the red wavelength range and up to 54 % in the NIR wavelength range. Values of SR and NDVI for the forest and the canopy differed within 10 % and 30 % in red and within 1 % and 10 % in the NIR wavelength range. The relative variation of the BRF with the azimuth and view zenith angles was not very sensitive to the forest floor vegetation. Hence, linear correlation of the modelled total BRF and the Ross-thick kernel was strong for dense forests (R2 > 0.9). The agreement between modelled BRF and satellite-based reflectance values was good when measured LAI, clumping index and leaf single scattering albedo values for a boreal forest were used as input to the model.
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Schutt, Timothy, and Manoj Shukla. Predicting the impact of aqueous ions on fate and transport of munition compounds. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41481.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A model framework for natural water has been developed using computational chemistry techniques to elucidate the interactions between solvated munition compounds and eight common ions in naturally occurring water sources. The interaction energies, residence times, coordination statistics, and surface preferences of nine munition related compounds with each ion were evaluated. The propensity of these interactions to increase degradation of the munition compound was predicted using accelerated replica QM/MM simulations. The degradation prediction data qualitatively align with previous quantum mechanical studies. The results suggest that primary ions of interest for fate and transport modeling of munition compounds in natural waters may follow the relative importance of SO₄²⁻, Cl⁻ ≫ HCO₃⁻, Na⁺, Mg²⁺ > Ca²⁺, K⁺, and NH₄⁺.