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Опубліковано: 7 липня 2024

Оновлено: 7 липня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Regulation of difficulties":

Paiča, Inese, Kristīne Mārtinsone, and Māris Taube. "EMOTION REGULATION DIFFICULTIES IN DEPRESSION." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 7 (May 20, 2020): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2020vol7.4850.

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Patients diagnosed with depression often experience difficulty in regulating their emotions due to non-adaptive regulatory strategies (e.g., avoidance, suppression, rumination). Adaptive emotion regulation skills (e.g., awareness, acceptance, self-support) can be trained and improved through psychological treatment. The objective of this study was to identify differences in emotion regulation skills between a clinical group of patients with depression (n=56) and a non-clinical group (n=56), adults without symptoms of depression. Methods. The study was based on socio-demographic survey and three self-report questionnaires adapted for use in Latvia: Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; Gratz & Roemer, 2004), Emotion Regulation Skills Questionnaire (ERSQ; Berking & Znoj, 2008) and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ; Gross & John, 2003). Results. Compared to the non-clinical group, the clinical group presented significantly decreased scores in several scales of ERSQ: Understanding, Self-support, Tolerance, Acceptance, Modification (p<.001) and increased scores in four scales of DERS: Lack of emotional clarity, Difficulty engaging in goal-directed behaviour, Non-acceptance of emotional responses and Limited access to effective emotion regulation strategies (p<.001). Conclusions. This study helps to identify the main emotion regulation difficulties for depression patients in Latvia – the ability to understand, accept, tolerate and modify emotions.

Neumann, Anna, Pol A. C. van Lier, Kim L. Gratz, and Hans M. Koot. "Multidimensional Assessment of Emotion Regulation Difficulties in Adolescents Using the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale." Assessment 17, no. 1 (November 14, 2009): 138–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073191109349579.

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Bor, MohsenHossein, Iraj Zareban, NourMohammad Bakhshani, and Saeed Bakhshani. "Emotion regulation difficulties in drug abusers." Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 10, no. 6 (2017): 1724. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/atmph.atmph_617_17.

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Gorozhankina, D. V., I. A. Panteleyev, and M. A. Chaynikova. "Difficulties of legal regulation of forensic activity." Право и государство: теория и практика, no. 12 (2020): 28–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47643/1815-1337_2020_12_28.

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Dan-Glauser, Elise S., and Klaus R. Scherer. "The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS)." Swiss Journal of Psychology 72, no. 1 (January 2013): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185/a000093.

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Successful emotion regulation is a key aspect of efficient social functioning and personal well-being. Difficulties in emotion regulation lead to relationship impairments and are presumed to be involved in the onset and maintenance of some psychopathological disorders as well as inappropriate behaviors. Gratz and Roemer (2004 ) developed the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), a comprehensive instrument measuring emotion regulation problems that encompasses several dimensions on which difficulties can occur. The aim of the present work was to develop a French translation of this scale and to provide an initial validation of this instrument. The French version was created using translation and backtranslation procedures and was tested on 455 healthy students. Congruence between the original and the translated scales was .98 (Tucker’s phi) and internal consistency of the translation reached .92 (Cronbach’s α). Moreover, test-retest scores were highly correlated. Altogether, the initial validation of the French version of the DERS (DERS-F) offers satisfactory results and permits the use of this instrument to map difficulties in emotion regulation in both clinical and research contexts.

Pollock, Noah C., Gillian A. McCabe, Ashton C. Southard, and Virgil Zeigler-Hill. "Pathological personality traits and emotion regulation difficulties." Personality and Individual Differences 95 (June 2016): 168–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.02.049.

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Tolin, David F., Hannah C. Levy, Bethany M. Wootton, Lauren S. Hallion, and Michael C. Stevens. "Hoarding disorder and difficulties in emotion regulation." Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders 16 (January 2018): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2018.01.006.

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Yap, Keong, Christopher Mogan, Anna Moriarty, Nathan Dowling, Scott Blair-West, Celin Gelgec, and Richard Moulding. "Emotion regulation difficulties in obsessive-compulsive disorder." Journal of Clinical Psychology 74, no. 4 (November 8, 2017): 695–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22553.

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Lawlor, Caroline, Silia Vitoratou, Claire Hepworth, and Suzanne Jolley. "Self‐reported emotion regulation difficulties in psychosis: Psychometric properties of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS‐16)." Journal of Clinical Psychology 77, no. 10 (May 10, 2021): 2323–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jclp.23164.

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Faulkner, Paul, Andy C. Dean, Dara G. Ghahremani, and Edythe D. London. "Neural Basis of Smoking-Related Difficulties in Emotion Regulation." International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 23, no. 7 (March 27, 2020): 409–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyaa015.

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Abstract Background Negative emotional states contribute to cigarette smoking, and difficulties in regulating these states can hinder smoking cessation. Understanding the neural bases of these difficulties in smokers may facilitate development of novel therapies for Tobacco Use Disorder. Methods Thirty-seven participants (18 smokers, 19 nonsmokers; 16–21 years old) completed the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), which is comprised of 6 subscales (lack of emotional clarity, lack of emotional awareness, limited access to emotion regulation strategies, nonacceptance of emotional responses, difficulties engaging in goal-directed behaviors, and impulse control difficulties) that combine to provide a total score. Participants also underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging to determine resting-state functional connectivity of the amygdala. Separate ANOVAs were used to determine group differences in self-reports on the DERS. Voxel-wise linear mixed models were performed to determine whether group influenced relationships between whole-brain functional connectivity of the amygdala and scores on the DERS. Results Compared with nonsmokers, smokers reported greater difficulties in emotion regulation, denoted by higher total scores on the DERS. Group differences were observed on a subscale of lack of emotional clarity, but no other subscale differences on the DERS were observed. Nonsmokers exhibited a greater negative correlation than smokers between lack of emotional clarity scores and connectivity of the amygdala with the left inferior frontal gyrus. Finally, this amygdala-to-left inferior frontal gyrus connectivity was weaker in smokers than in nonsmokers. Conclusions These findings suggest that difficulties in emotion regulation in smokers are at least partially due to lack of emotional clarity. Given the role of the inferior frontal gyrus in understanding emotional states, strengthening connectivity between the amygdala and the inferior frontal gyrus may improve emotional clarity to help smokers regulate their negative emotions, thereby improving their ability to quit smoking.

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Дисертації з теми "Regulation of difficulties":

Adams, Lynette Jean. "A Confirmatory Analysis Of The Difficulties In Emotion Regulation Scale." OpenSIUC, 2008. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/32.

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Better understanding difficulties in emotion regulation may help integrate a conceptualization for the etiology of a number of emotional disorders, such as depression or anxiety, and personality disorders. However, one deficit in extant literature has been in identifying a widely accepted measure in assessing problems with emotion regulation. A number of emotion regulation measures are currently used in the literature. Because each measure addresses regulation from a different perspective, the definition of emotion regulation remains unclear. Gratz and Roemer (2004) provide an integrated conceptualization for emotion regulation that accounts for the many ways in which emotions may affect the expression of psychological disorders. Gratz and Roemer constructed the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) to assess various areas in which one might experiences problems with emotion regulation. The DERS is a 36-item scale that has six factors related to emotion regulation: Awareness, Non-acceptance, Clarity, Impulsivity, Strategies, and Goals. The purpose of this study was to perform a confirmatory factor analysis on the DERS, and to examine its predictive validity for disorders that are associated with difficulties in emotion regulation. The data for this study was collected from part of a larger study on emotion regulation. Participants consisted of undergraduates at a rural mid-western university who completed a survey packet including the DERS, the Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS) the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESDS), and the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL). It hypothesized that a six factor solution would be found, validating the findings of Gratz and Roemer (2004). It was also expected that total DERS scores will be associated with CESDS and PCL scores, suggesting that participants who scored higher on these measures of depression and PTSD would also report difficulties with emotion regulation. The DERS factors were expected to be related to corresponding factors on the TMMS. Results indicated that although a 6-factor solution was supported, several modifications were needed to the original model in order to achieve acceptable goodness of fit index values. Additionally, a number of other suggestions for changes to the measure, including re-wording several of the items or the possible removal of the Awareness factor, are discussed.

Wilkinson, Katy. "Investigating difficulties in emotion regulation in medically unexplained symptoms." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/4840/.

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The thesis comprises a literature review and a research report. The review provides a critical evaluation and summary of literature pertaining to associations between emotion dysregulation and medically unexplained symptoms (MUS). Owing to ambiguities in the conceptualisation of emotion dysregulation, the way in which emotion dysregulation is being conceptualised in the MUS literature (e.g. which strategies are being investigated in the disorder) was investigated followed by an evaluation of the associations between difficulties in these emotion regulation strategies and MUS. The researcher concludes that further research is needed to improve our understanding of emotion dysregulation in MUS. The research report investigated emotion dysregulation in psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES). The aetiology of PNES is not well understood, research suggests that the aetiology involves a complex interplay of factors. Recently, high levels of emotion dysregulation have been reported in PNES. In addition, high rates of traumatic experiences have been reported in the disorder. The researcher hypothesised that high levels of emotion dysregulation may be associated with traumatic experiences in PNES. High levels of emotion dysregulation were reported in both participants with PNES and participants with epilepsy but not in healthy controls. Higher levels of traumatic experiences were reported by the participants with PNES in comparison with participants with epilepsy and healthy controls. The researcher’s hypothesis was not supported; traumatic experiences did not account for the variance in emotion dysregulation, only anxiety accounted for this variance. The results are considered in relation to previous research and implications for practice and future research outlined

Lamb, Susannah J. "Self-regulation and communication skills in children with moderate learning difficulties." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2002. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11258/.

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Self-regulation is increasingly considered to play an important part in several aspects of learning. It has also been claimed to be a strong candidate in explaining many of the difficulties faced by children with learning difficulties. Difficulties in monitoring one's own comprehension and controlling one's own cognitive processes, for example, is likely to affect progress on many school tasks. At the same time, the language and communication difficulties frequently faced by children with learning difficulties can also be explained by reference to poor self-regulatory skills. This thesis explores the link between self-regulation, communication and learning for a group of children with moderate learning difficulties (MLDs). It reports the design and evaluation of an intervention study which sought to promote MLD children's use of self-regulatory strategies within a communicative context. The study was motivated by the Vygotskian proposal that collaborative interactions provide the opportunity for metacognitive skills to be modelled, shared and practised on the social plane before being internalised to become part of the child's own repertoire of self-regulatory behaviours. Preliminary analysis of the children's communication strategies indicated general improvements. However, on a separate measure of communicative performance, only half the children were observed to make gains. In attempting to explain this apparent dissociation between communicative process and communicative performance, the thesis raises some important questions about the kind of methodology which is used to measure individual contributions during collaborative interactions. By providing an alternative approach, microgenetic in nature, which concentrates on looking at the appropriateness of children's performance within the context in which it is taking place, an explanation for the seemingly discrepant results is proposed. Generalised gains in communicative performance can be explained by changes in particular types of strategic behaviours, specifically strategies associated with effective information provision and strategies which serve to regulate the interaction.

Lewis, Jonathan James. "Attachment Insecurity, Emotion Regulation Difficulties, and Mindfulness Deficits in Personality Pathology." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc862767/.

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A growing body of research has documented associations between personality disorders (PDs) and attachment disturbance, and yet, attachment disturbance does not necessarily guarantee the development of PD pathology. Thus, understanding the mechanisms mediating the relationship between attachment disturbance and PD pathology remains an open area of research. One area with sound theoretical and empirical evidence has shown that attachment disturbances are associated with emotion regulation difficulties, as well as maladaptive interpersonal patterns of behavior. However, the research conducted thus far has predominately focused on borderline personality disorder, at the exclusion of other PD domains, and also has not broadened the scope of research to include other relevant psychological processes that may clarify how personality pathology and attachment disturbance are interrelated. Using a large independent sample of college (n = 946) and community-based individuals (n = 271), the current study aimed to (1) examine how the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) PD trait domains would be differentially associated with maladaptive attachment processes and emotion regulation problems, and (2) explore whether deficits in mindfulness and emotion regulation mediated the relationship between disturbed attachment and PD trait domains. Findings suggested that the PID-5 PD trait domains have general and specific relations to attachment insecurity, impairments in emotion regulation, and decreased mindfulness. Overall, the current study suggests that improving emotion regulation skills and increasing dispositional mindfulness may limit the expression of pathological personality traits. Implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed.

Adams, Lynette J. "A confirmatory factor analysis of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale /." Available to subscribers only, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1878976531&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 2009.
"Department of Psychology." Keywords: DERS, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, Emotion regulation. Includes bibliographical references (p. 92-105). Also available online.

Wallace, Frankie. "Exploring the association between high anxiety, sleep difficulties and emotional regulation." Thesis, Wallace, Frankie (2021) Exploring the association between high anxiety, sleep difficulties and emotional regulation. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2021. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/60829/.

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This project is aimed at improving understanding of the relationships between the high levels of anxiety, difficulties with emotional regulation and sleep difficulties. The hope is that increased knowledge and increased literature in this area can suggest measures to intervene and break the cycle, giving individuals hope that they are not destined for negative outcomes. A pathway starting with negative life events is explored to better understand where the elements of anxiety, emotional regulation and sleep may link together. 37 first year Murdoch University psychology students agreed to take part in the study. The participants were asked to repeatedly answer a series of questions about their emotional wellbeing on a mobile phone application created by the researches. Participants were rewarded with credit points towards their course of study upon completion. According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, anxiety is one of the most prevalent mental health issues that Australians are currently trying to deal with (One in Five Australians Have a Mental Illness, 2008) and the ripple effect of its impact is significant (Sunderland et al., 2013). This is the reason for our area of research, and the decision to hypothesis that there is an association between high anxiety, sleep difficulties, and emotional regulation. The findings of the study were limited, due to low participant numbers, low levels of usable data, delayed data, completion deadlines and technical issues. This led to the requirement to adjust the initial design of analysing each individual participant response, to an examination of the overall results instead. The data received demonstrated that anxiety, sleep difficulties and difficulties with emotional regulation are all significant amongst the students. Although there were many challenges in obtaining workable data in a timely manner, we were able to draw together results that provide an inside into the implications of associations between anxiety, sleep, emotional regulation and other associated factors.

Pope, Sharon. "The therapeutic effect of reactive self-monitoring on the reduction of inappropriate social and stereotypic disorders." Thesis, Bangor University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240003.

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Kromash, Rachelle, Shania L. Siebert, Hannah G. Mitchell, Kelly E. Moore, and Meredith K. Ginley. "A Replication of Measurement Invariance Across Gender of the 36-Item Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2021. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8888.

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Caselman, Gabrielle, Julia Dodd, and Diana Morelen. "ACEs' Effects on Subjective Health and the Mediating Role of Emotion Regulation Difficulties." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7338.

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Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been shown to have significantly deleterious effects on an individual’s overall health (Felitti et al., 1998), including poor subjective experiences of health (Khrapatina & Berman, 2017). Difficulties in emotion regulation (DERs), which reflect the inability to identify, interpret, and manage strong emotions, may be one mechanism through which ACEs affect health. Successful emotion regulation has been associated with high levels of self-reported health, whereby DERs has been linked to poor selfreported health (Kinnunen et al., 2005). The current study seeks to determine whether DERs (Gratz & Roemer, 2004) mediate the relationship between ACEs and subjective experiences of health. Utilizing a sample of students from a mid-sized university in rural Appalachia, the mediating role of DERs was tested using the PROCESS macro for SPSS with bootstrapping (5000 samples). Results demonstrated that DERS did significantly mediate the relationship between ACEs and self-reported health [R2 = .12, F(2,616) = 43.60, p < .000; indirect effect of DERS total t(616) = -7.01, p < .000, CI = -.04, -.02]. The identification of DERs as one mechanism through which ACEs increases the risk of poor self-reported health offers one target for interventions designed to mitigate the negative outcomes of ACEs and promote resilience in the face of past adversity

Amatya, Kaushalendra. "Witnessing Partner Violence in Childhood: Factors Influencing Emotion Regulation Difficulties in College Students." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/63887.

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Witnessing partner violence (WPV) in childhood and adolescence can have significant impact on psychological functioning throughout development. Studies have shown that parenting factors, perceived social support, coping strategies, age at exposure, and gender can influence the relationship between WPV and outcomes. Although WPV can have serious implications towards emotion regulation abilities, empirical research on the link between WPV and emotion regulation is inadequate. The current study examined the associations between the frequency and types of WPV in childhood and adolescence and emotion dysregulation in adulthood. The study further explored the roles of parental bonds, social support, coping strategies, age at exposure, and gender as moderators in the relationship between WPV and emotion dysregulation. Data were collected using an undergraduate sample at Virginia Tech (N = 1040). Results indicated that verbal violence exposure was a significant predictor of emotion dysregulation while physical violence and total WPV were not. Parental warmth moderated the relationship between all three types of WPV and emotion dysregulation, while parental control and age of onset were moderators for total and physical WPV. Social support moderated the relationship between verbal violence exposure and emotion dysregulation. Coping strategies and gender were not found to be significant moderators. Exploratory analyses were conducted to further explore these relationships. The findings and their implications are discussed.
Ph. D.

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Книги з теми "Regulation of difficulties":

Robinson, Carol. In safe hands?: Quality and regulation in adult placements for people with learning difficulties. Sheffield: Joint Unit for Social Services Research, 1996.

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Office, General Accounting. Health care reform: Potential difficulties in determining eligibility for low-income people : report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Regulation, Business Opportunities, and Technology, Committee on Small Business, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1994.

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United States. General Accounting Office., ed. Child care quality: States' difficulties enforcing standards confront welfare reform plans : statement of Joseph F. Delfico, Director, Income Security Issues, Health, Education, and Human Services, before the Subcommittee on Regulation, Business Opportunities, and Technology, Committee on Small Business, House of Representatives. [Washington, D.C.]: The Office, 1994.

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Office, General Accounting. Air pollution: Difficulties in implementing a national air permit program : report to the chairman, Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: GAO, 1993.

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He, Zhiyuan. Aomen xing zheng fa gui de kun jing yu chu lu: Administrative regulations of Macau : difficulties and solutions. 8th ed. Beijing Shi: She hui ke xue wen xian chu ban she, 2014.

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Rossinskiy, Sergey. Pre-trial proceedings in a criminal case: the nature and methods of collecting evidence. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1244960.

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The monograph is devoted to a comprehensive review of the problems of pre-trial evidence collection as one of the stages of the general procedural mechanism aimed at establishing the circumstances relevant to the criminal case. The essence, methodological basis and system of investigative actions, forensic examinations and other procedural methods of collecting evidence that make up the modern arsenal of bodies of inquiry and preliminary investigation are investigated. The main cognitive and security technologies used in conducting investigative and other procedural actions are highlighted. The problems of the theory and legal regulation of the general rules of their implementation, the procedural status of their participants, fixing their progress and results, judicial control over their production are reflected; the actual problems of investigative inspection, examination, search, interrogation, confrontation, forensic examination, as well as the presentation, demand and seizure (seizure) of objects and documents are considered. Special attention is paid to the applied aspects, the analysis of errors and difficulties that arise in modern law enforcement practice, and possible ways to overcome them are proposed. For researchers and practitioners, teachers, postgraduates( adjuncts), students, as well as anyone interested in topical issues of criminal procedure law and criminology.

Odincov, Boris. Models and intelligent systems. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1060845.

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The monograph consists of three chapters, the first of which outlines the theoretical foundations of intelligent information systems. Special attention is paid to the disclosure of the term "model" as the intended meaning depends on the understanding of the material. Introduces and examines the new concepts such as the associative and intuitive knowledge while in the creation of intellectual information systems are not used. The second Chapter contains the analysis of problems of development of artificial intelligence (AI), developed in two directions: classical and statistical. Discusses difficulties in the development of the classical approach, associated with identifying the meaning of words, phrases, text, and formulating thoughts. The analysis of problems arising in the play of imagination and insight, machine understanding of natural language texts, play, verbalization and reflection. The third Chapter contains examples of the development of intelligent information systems and technologies in practice of management of economic objects. Theoretical bases of construction of information robots designed to support the task hierarchy of the knowledge base and generating control regulations. The technology of their creation and application in the management of the business efficiency of enterprise business processes and its investment activities. Focused on researchers and developers, AI and intelligent information systems, as well as graduate students and faculty in related academic disciplines.

Office, General Accounting. Surface mining: Difficulties in reclaiming mined lands in Pennsylvania and West Virginia : report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Environment, Energy, and Natural Resources, Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1986.

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Reynolds, Jesse L. Solar Climate Engineering, Law, and Regulation. Edited by Roger Brownsword, Eloise Scotford, and Karen Yeung. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199680832.013.71.

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Solar climate engineering—intentional modification of the planet’s reflectivity—is coming under increasing consideration as a means to counter climate change. At present, it offers the possibility of greatly reducing climate risks, but would pose physical and social risks of its own. This chapter offers an introduction to solar climate engineering, and explores its potential, risks, and legal and regulatory challenges. It also contextualizes these proposals with respect to other emerging technologies and the broader socio-political milieu. The chapter discusses the contours of existing and potential regulation, particularly at the international level. These aspects include regulatory rationales, diverse characteristics of proposed regulatory regimes, difficulties in defining the regulatory target, and the management of uncertainty through precaution. The chapter closes with suggested future research directions in the law and regulation of solar climate engineering.

Pontin, Ben. Nuisance Law, Regulation, and the Invention of Prototypical Pollution Abatement Technology. Edited by Roger Brownsword, Eloise Scotford, and Karen Yeung. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199680832.013.73.

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The emerging idea that the private enforcement of nuisance injunctions can facilitate investment in pollution abatement technology raises important questions of the wider regulatory context of this area of tort. This chapter examines the role of the Alkali Inspectorate historically in facilitating progressive improvements in industrial production process standards to an extent comparable with nuisance law. It is argued that regulation in this field has demonstrably shaped the development of pollution abatement technology, but exceptionally so. The notion of ‘voluntarism’, which tort scholars have used to explain the scope and limits of nuisance law’s inventiveness, can be helpfully generalized. Voluntarism accounts for the success with which government inspectors set out to clean up industry through pushing the frontiers of clean technology, and the difficulties of sustaining this success with the passage of time. This is illustrated by a case study concerning cement industry pollution.

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Частини книг з теми "Regulation of difficulties":

Casanueva, C., and R. Villar. "Infrastructure Regulation Difficulties." In International Series in Operations Research & Management Science, 179–207. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0495-5_9.

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Lavender, Jason M. "Emotion Regulation Difficulties." In Encyclopedia of Feeding and Eating Disorders, 1–5. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-087-2_90-1.

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Lavender, Jason M. "Emotion Regulation Difficulties." In Encyclopedia of Feeding and Eating Disorders, 334–38. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-104-6_90.

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Perasso, Giulia, and Patrizia Velotti. "Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale." In Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences, 1132–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24612-3_810.

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Perasso, Giulia, and Patrizia Velotti. "Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale." In Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences, 1–3. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28099-8_810-1.

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Irons, Chris. "Compassion focused therapy (CFT) for emotion regulation difficulties." In Compassion Focused Therapy, 459–78. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003035879-21.

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Guiomard, Cathal. "Practical Difficulties in Airport Benchmarking: The Case of Dublin Airport." In Economic Regulation of Urban and Regional Airports, 299–326. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20341-1_12.

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Formici, Giulia. "Legislative and Judicial Challenges on Insects for Human Consumption: From Member States to the EU, Passing Through the Court of Justice of the EU." In Novel Foods and Edible Insects in the European Union, 99–122. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13494-4_6.

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AbstractThe chapter presents an overview of the legislative regime regulating insects for human consumption in the EU territory. The analysis aims at underlining both the legal issues deriving from the previous EU Novel Foods Regulation 258/97 and the difficulties and concerns characterising the legislative evolutive path and the current Regulation (EU) 2015/2283. An examination of the recent CJEU intervention in the so-called Entoma case will lead to some conclusive remarks, intended to highlight open issues and possible future developments.

Walker, Sue, Maria Hatzigianni, and Susan J. Danby. "Electronic Gaming: Associations with Self-Regulation, Emotional Difficulties and Academic Performance." In International Perspectives on Early Childhood Education and Development, 85–100. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6484-5_6.

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Singh, Parwinder. "Emotion Regulation Difficulties Mediate the Relationship between Neuroticism and Health-Risk Behaviours in Adolescents." In The Psychology of Health and Illness, 120–39. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032689012-9.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Regulation of difficulties":

Krugerova, Martina. "DIFFICULTIES OF GENERAL DATA PROTECTION REGULATION APPLICATION TO INSURANCE PRODUCTS DISTRIBUTION." In 5th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES and ARTS SGEM2018. STEF92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2018/1.2/s02.068.

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Caetano, Tânia, Eduardo Ramadas, and Jessica Lopes. "RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MINDFULNESS, SELF-COMPASSION AND DIFFICULTIES IN EMOTION REGULATION IN ADDICTS." In International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends. inScience Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2019inpact060.

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Mantrov, Vadim, Ramunas Birstonas, Janis Karklins, Aleksei Kelli, Irene Kull, Arnis Buka, Irena Barkane, and Zanda Davida. "The Implementation of the New Consumer Sales Directives in the Baltic States: A Step Towards Further Harmonisation of Consumer Sales." In The 8th International Scientific Conference of the Faculty of Law of the University of Latvia. University of Latvia Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/iscflul.8.2.36.

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The present article deals with the implementation of the new Consumer Sales Directives (Directives 2019/770 and 2019/771) into the national law of the Baltic States. The topicality of the paper is related to the implementation of the new Consumer Sales Directives into national law in a particular region, i.e., the Baltic States, by analysing implementation approaches and difficulties during the implementation and post-implementation periods from a comparative perspective of all three Baltic states. At the outset, the paper notes the differences in the existing regulation of consumer sales in the Baltic States. Lithuania and Estonia incorporated consumer sales in their civil codifications, whereas Latvia has chosen a different path by regulating consumer sales on the basis of sui generis regulation in the Consumer Rights Protection Law. As a result of such initial situation before the implementation of the new Consumer Sales Directives, different implementation strategies were used in the Baltic States, consequently leading to different consequences and difficulties during the implementation process of the new Consumer Sales Directives. Likewise, the application process of the new Consumer Sales Directives itself has created significant problems and risks. The available legal acts together with their travaux préparatoires in the Baltic States demonstrate the possibility that the new regulation implementing the new Consumer Sales Directives may contradict the existing contract law regulation and data protection law, and have implications thereon.

Shurykina, S. A., and S. M. Uteva. "Organization of Support for Children with Partial Insufficiency of Predominantly Regulatory Component of Activity in a Center for Psychological, Pedagogical, Medical and Social Assistance: Difficulties and Opportunities." In Proceedings of III Research-to-Practice Conference with International Participation “The Value of Everyone. The Life of a Person with Mental Disorder: Support, Life Arrangements, Social Integration”. Terevinf, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.61157/978-5-4212-0676-7-2023-152-158.

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There is an increase in parents' requests for professional help in connection with the behavioral problems of children, which are based on violations of voluntary regulation of activity. The main principles of work on the development of the regulatory component of activity are identified. An algorithm for the work of educational psychologists with children who have difficulties in voluntary regulation is presented. A system of comprehensive methodological support has been created for specialists who organize work with children experiencing difficulties in mastering basic general education programs and social adaptation.

Игорь, Тавгень. "PROBLEM STANDARTIZATsII PROCESSA DISTANTSIONNOGO PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATIONS." In Status and development trends of standardization and technical regulation in the world. Tashkent state technical university, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51346/tstu-conf.22.1-77-0001.

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Standardization of processes and results of intellectual activity causes particular difficulties in educational systems. It is advisable to start standardization in this area with educational and metho-dological materials, and educational and methodological complexes can be considered the most suitable objects of standardization.

Reel, Yeşim. "Problems of Privatisation and Regulation in Transition Economies." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.00956.

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In spite of difficulties, most transition economies in the Former Soviet Union (FSU) and Eastern Europe now have private sectors whose relative size is comparable to the private sectors in Western European countries. The transition countries have had very different objectives, but most started privatisation more or less with the same policy, based on the experience of the United Kingdom, although this was soon to change. While most of the Eastern European countries were fast to adopt modern standards and regulations, some FSU countries have lagged behind. Along with a wide range of gains for producers and consumers, there have been drawbacks, such as social polarisation and forms of capture (of business, of the state). Unlike most analysis of transition, which considers major components, this paper looks at the microeconomics of transition, since this involves the creation of markets through the process of privatisation. In general, transition economies have to develop new institutions and polices to support the privatisation and restructuring. In addition to these, they require regulation, which has been under-developed and causes other, different problems, related to the development of new models. Therefore, the need for a new, third phase of transformation is highlighted. New initiatives on labour, capital and regulation issues become vital now in transition economies.

Алеева, Светлана Сергеевна. "PROBLEMS OF REGULATION OF TESTAMENTARY DISPOSITION." In Тенденции развития современной науки в свете исследований молодых ученых: сборник избранных статей Международной научной конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Сентябрь 2022). Crossref, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/0930.2022.52.27.001.

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При изучении правового института завещательных распоряжений очевидно, что из-за недостаточности нормативно-правового регулирования специальных завещательных распоряжений в наследственном праве России, на практике зачастую возникают судебные споры и сложности в реализации прав лиц, которые по этому завещательному распоряжению приобретают права. Представляется необходимой мерой доработка правовой базы, в том числе установление чётких границ между различными видами завещательных распоряжений, совершенствование законодательства, устранение коллизий и пробелов в данной отрасли права и внесение новых норм. When studying the legal institute of testamentary dispositions, it is obvious that due to the insufficiency of regulatory regulation of special testamentary dispositions in the inheritance law of Russia, in practice, litigation and difficulties often arise in the exercise of the rights of persons who acquire rights under this testamentary disposition. It seems to be a necessary measure to finalize the legal framework, including the establishment of clear boundaries between different types of testamentary dispositions, improving legislation, eliminating conflicts and gaps in this branch of law and introducing new norms.

Агаев, Мурат Вахаевич. "STATE REGULATION OF INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE RUSSIAN ECONOMY." In Фундаментальные и прикладные исследования. Актуальные проблемы и достижения: сборник избранных статей Всероссийской (национальной) научной конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Декабрь 2021). Crossref, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/fipi323.2021.14.21.007.

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Инвестиции как важный элемент экономики государства требуют особого подхода в регулировании. Как и всякий процесс, регулирование инвестиционной деятельности имеет свои трудности и проблемы. В данной статье изучим теоретико- методологические основы регулирования инвестиционных процессов, эффективные формы и методы государственного регулирования инвестиционной деятельности. Investments as an important element of the state economy require a special approach to regulation. As with any process, the regulation of investment activities has its own difficulties and problems. In this article, we will study the theoretical and methodological foundations for the regulation of investment processes, effective forms and methods of state regulation of investment activities.

Hudzenko, Yelyzaveta. "Development of self-management skills of social workers as a direction of management work in social services." In Sociology – Social Work and Social Welfare: Regulation of Social Problems. Видавець ФОП Марченко Т.В., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/sosrsw2023.126.

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Backgrounds: Modern society tries to cover as many things as possible at the same time. And as you know, when you have a lot of things to do, chaos and disorganisation ensue. Self-management helps to prevent this, and it is used not only in the management sphere but also in social work. Social workers have a large number of clients, a lot of problems to solve, and therefore face difficulties. Developing self-management skills will help social workers in social services to act and work much more effectively. Purpose: to define self-management, its components, to substantiate the need to develop selfmanagement skills of social workers in the management work of social services and to identify the means of developing self-management skills. Methods: The study of the development of social workers' self-management skills in social services was carried out by analysing existing research, studying the works of scientists, and using the method of analysing Internet resources, systematising and summarising data. Results: After analysing the difficulties faced by social workers, it was proved that the development of self-management is a necessary direction of management work in social services. Conclusion: Thus, the results of the study indicate that the development of self-management skills in social workers is extremely necessary. The availability of these self-management skills will improve the work of social workers, their motivation and inspiration, help to counteract excessive exhaustion and contribute to the improvement and efficiency of the social service as a whole, by improving the management aspects of the respective organization. Keywords: self-management, social work, social workers, organization, time-management, social service.

Weis, Mirjam, Gisela Trommsdorff, Tobias Heikamp, Jesus Redondo, and Lorena Muñoz. "Developmental Aspects of Self-Regulation in Germany and Chile: Links among Maternal Warmth, Children’s Self-Regulation, and Social Competence." In International Association of Cross Cultural Psychology Congress. International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4087/vtud1960.

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The present study investigated relations among maternal warmth, children’s self-regulation (i.e., behavior and emotion regulation), and prosocial behavior. The assumed relations were studied in Germany and Chile, two socialization contexts differing in socio-economic and cultural factors. The sample consisted of 76 German and 167 Chilean fourth graders, their mothers, and teachers. Maternal warmth was rated by mothers with the Parenting Practice Questionnaire (PPQ). Children reported the use of emotion regulation strategies on the Questionnaire for the Measurement of Stress and Coping in Children and Adolescents (SSKJ 3-8). Mothers’ and teachers’ ratings on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) were used to measure children’s behavior regulation and prosocial behavior. Regression analyses revealed positive relations of maternal warmth to children’s problem-oriented emotion regulation and of behavior regulation to prosocial behavior in Germany and in Chile. Moreover, mediation analyses revealed indirect positive effects of self-regulation on the relations between maternal warmth and prosocial behavior. These indirect effects occurred for different aspects of self-regulation in Germany (i.e., behavior regulation) and in Chile (i.e., problem-oriented emotion regulation). Results are discussed from a cultural informed developmental perspective.

Звіти організацій з теми "Regulation of difficulties":

Panickar, Varun. Real Estate Regulation: Ironing out Difficulties in Implementing the RERA Act, 2016. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/pb3rer.2018.

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Millán, Jaime. Power Sector Reform in Latin America: Accomplishments, Failures and Challenges. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008887.

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In this technical paper, the author addresses pertinent issues that affect reform in the power sector and the status of current efforts. The objective of the paper is such: 1) It explains the difficulties in achieving a separation of the roles of the State in an environment in which it continues to play an important role as entrepreneur, and the difficulties of providing adequate regulation in an institutional and resource-constrained environment; 2) It discusses the stranded costs arising from the impossibility of following the correct sequence of reforms and the constraints imposed by this failure; 3) It provides an analysis of the difficulties encountered in achieving competition while assuring long-term resource adequacy; 3) It looks at the regulation of noncompetitive segments and the elusive goal of achieving cost recovery while addressing the needs of the poor.

Jander, Georg, and Daniel Chamovitz. Investigation of growth regulation by maize benzoxazinoid breakdown products. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600031.bard.

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Introduction Previous research had suggested that benzoxazinoids, a class of defensive metabolites found in maize, wheat, rye, and wild barley, are not only direct insect deterrents, but also influence other areas of plant metabolism. In particular, the benzoxazinoid 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxa- zin-3(4H)- one (DIMBOA) was implicated in: (i) altering plant growth by interfering with auxin signaling, and (ii) leading to the induction of gene expression changes and secondary plant defense responses. The overall goal of this proposal was to identify mechanisms by which benzoxazinoids influence other aspects of plant growth and defense. Specifically, the following hypotheses were proposed to be tested as part of an approved BARD proposal: Benzoxazinoid breakdown products directly interfere with auxin perception Global changes in maize and barley gene expression are induced by benzoxazinoid activation. There is natural variation in the maize photomorphogenic response to benzoxazinoids. Although the initial proposal included experiments with both maize and barley, there were some technical difficulties with the proposed transgenic barley experiments and most of the experimental results were generated with maize. Summary of major findings Previous research by other labs, involving both maize and other plant species, had suggested that DIMBOA alters plant growth by interfering with auxin signaling. However, experiments conducted in both the Chamovitz and the Jander labs using Arabidopsis and maize, respectively, were unable to confirm previously published reports of exogenously added DIMBOA effects on auxin signaling. Nevertheless, analysis of bx1 and bx2 maize mutant lines, which have almost no detectable benzoxazinoids, showed altered responses to blue light signaling. Transcriptomic analysis of maize mutant lines, variation in inbred lines, and responses to exogenously added DIMBOA showed alteration in the transcription of a blue light receptor, which is required for plant growth responses. This finding provides a novel mechanistic explanation of the trade-off between growth and defense that is often observed in plants. Experiments by the Jander lab and others had demonstrated that DIMBOA not only has direct toxicity against insect pests and microbial pathogens, but also induces the formation of callose in both maize and wheat. In the current project, non-targeted metabolomic assays of wildtype maize and mutants with defects in benzoxazinoid biosynthesis were used to identify unrelated metabolites that are regulated in a benzoxazinoid-dependent manner. Further investigation identified a subset of these DIMBOA-responsive compounds as catechol, as well as its glycosylated and acetylated derivatives. Analysis of co-expression data identified indole-3-glycerol phosphate synthase (IGPS) as a possible regulator of benzoxazinoid biosynthesis in maize. In the current project, enzymatic activity of three predicted maize IGPS genes was confirmed by heterologous expression. Transposon knockout mutations confirmed the function of the maize genes in benzoxazinoid biosynthesis. Sub-cellular localization studies showed that the three maize IGPS proteins are co-localized in the plastids, together with BX1 and BX2, two previously known enzymes of the benzoxazinoid biosynthesis pathway. Implications Benzoxazinoids are among the most abundant and effective defensive metabolites in maize, wheat, and rye. Although there is considerable with-in species variation in benzoxazinoid content, very little is known about the regulation of this variation and the specific effects on plant growth and defense. The results of this research provide further insight into the complex functions of maize benzoxazinoids, which are not only toxic to pests and pathogens, but also regulate plant growth and other defense responses. Knowledge gained through the current project will make it possible to engineer benzoxazinoid biosynthesis in a more targeted manner to produce pest-tolerant crops without negative effects on growth and yield.

Colomb, Claire, and Tatiana Moreira de Souza. Regulating Short-Term Rentals: Platform-based property rentals in European cities: the policy debates. Property Research Trust, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52915/kkkd3578.

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Short-term rentals mediated by digital platforms have positive and negative impacts that are unevenly distributed among socio-economic groups and places. Detrimental impacts on the housing market and quality of life of long-term residents have been particular contentious in some cities. • In the 12 cities studied in the report (Amsterdam, Barcelona, Berlin, Brussels, Lisbon, London, Madrid, Milan, Paris, Prague, Rome and Vienna), city governments have responded differently to the growth of short-term rentals. • The emerging local regulations of short-term rentals take multiple forms and exhibit various degrees of stringency, ranging from rare cases of laissez-faire to a few cases of partial prohibition or strict quantitative control. Most city governments have sought to find a middle-ground approach that differentiates between the professional rental of whole units and the occasional rental of one’s home/ primary residence. • The regulation of short-term rentals is contentious and highly politicised. Six broad categories of interest groups and non-state actors actively participate in the debates with contrasting positions: advocates of the ‘sharing’ or ‘collaborative’ economy; corporate platforms; professional organisatons of short-term rental operators; new associations of hosts or ‘home-sharers’; the hotel and hospitality industry; and residents’ associations/citizens’ movements. • All city governments face difficulties in implementing and enforcing the regulations, due to a lack of sufficient resources and to the absence of accurate and comprehensive data on individual hosts. That data is held by corporate platforms, which have generally not accepted to release it (with a few exceptions) nor to monitor the content of their listings against local rules. • The relationships between platforms and city governments have oscillated between collaboration and conflict. Effective implementation is impossible without the cooperation of platforms. • In the context of the European Union, the debate has taken a supranational dimension, as two pieces of EU law frame the possibility — and acceptable forms — of regulation of online platforms and of short-term rentals in EU member states: the 2000 E-Commerce Directive and the 2006 Services Directive. • For regulation to be effective, the EU legal framework should be revised to ensure platform account- ability and data disclosure. This would allow city (and other ti ers of) governments to effectively enforce the regulations that they deem appropriate. • Besides, national and regional governments, who often control the legislative framework that defines particular types of short-term rentals, need to give local governments the necessary tools to be able to exercise their ‘right to regulate’ in the name of public interest objectives.

Rafaeli, Ada, Wendell Roelofs, and Anat Zada Byers. Identification and gene regulation of the desaturase enzymes involved in sex-pheromone biosynthesis of pest moths infesting grain. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7613880.bard.

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The original objectives of the approved proposal included: 1. Establishment of the biosynthetic pathways for pheromone production using labeled precursors and GC-MS. 2. The elucidation of a circadian regulation of key enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway. 3. The identification, characterization and confirmation of functional expression of the delta-desaturases. 4. The identification of gene regulatory processes involved in the expression of the key enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway. Background to the topic: Moths constitute one of the major groups of pest insects in agriculture and their reproductive behavior is dependent on chemical communication. Sex-pheromone blends are utilized by a variety of moth species to attract conspecific mates. The sex pheromones used are commonly composed of blends of aliphatic molecules that vary in chain length, geometry, degree and position of double bonds and functional groups. They are formed by various actions of specific delta-desaturases to which chain shortening, elongation, reduction, acetylation, and oxidation of a common fatty acyl precursor is coupled. In most of the moth species sex-pheromone biosynthesis is under circadian control by the neurohormone, PBAN (pheromone-biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide). The development of specific and safe insect control strategies utilizing pheromone systems depends on a clear knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved. In this proposal we aimed at identifying and characterizing specific desaturases involved in the biosynthetic pathway of two moth pest-speciesof stored products, P. interpunctella and S. cerealella, and to elucidate the regulation of the enzymes involved in pheromone biosynthesis. Due to technical difficulties the second stored product pest was excluded from the study at an early phase of the research project. Major conclusions: Within the framework of the planned objectives we confirmed the pheromone biosynthetic pathway of P. interpunctella and H. armigera by using labeled precursor molecules. In addition, in conjunction with various inhibitors we determined the PBAN-stimulated rate-limiting step for these biosynthetic pathways. We thereby present conclusive evidence that the enzyme Acetyl Coenzyme A Carboxylase is activated as a result of PBAN stimulation. We also found that P. interpunctella produce the main pheromone component Z9, E12 Tetradecenyl acetate through the action of a D11 desaturase working on the 16:Acid precursor. This is evidenced by the high amount of incorporation of ²H-labeled 16:Acid into pheromone when compared to the incorporation of ²H-labeled 14:Acid. However, in contrast to reports on other moth species, P. interpunctella is also capable of utilizing the 14:Acid precursor, although to a much lesser extent than the 16:Acid precursor. Despite the discovery of nine different desaturase gene transcripts in this species, from the present study it is evident that although PCR detected all nine gene transcripts, specific to female pheromone glands, only two are highly expressed whereas the other 7 are expressed at levels of at least 10⁵ fold lower showing very low abundance. These two genes correspond to D11-like desaturases strengthening the hypothesis that the main biosynthetic pathway involves a D11 desaturase.

Gottlieb, Yuval, Bradley Mullens, and Richard Stouthamer. investigation of the role of bacterial symbionts in regulating the biology and vector competence of Culicoides vectors of animal viruses. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7699865.bard.

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Symbiotic bacteria have been shown to influence host reproduction and defense against biotic and abiotic stressors, and this relates to possible development of a symbiont-based control strategy. This project was based on the hypothesis that symbionts have a significant impact on Culicoides fitness and vector competence for animal viruses. The original objectives in our proposal were: 1. Molecular identification and localization of the newly-discovered symbiotic bacteria within C. imicola and C. schultzei in Israel and C. sonorensis in California. 2. Determination of the prevalence of symbiotic bacteria within different vector Culicoides populations. 3. Documentation of specific symbiont effects on vector reproduction and defense: 3a) test for cytoplasmic incompatibility in Cardinium-infected species; 3b) experimentally evaluate the role of the symbiont on infection or parasitism by key Culicoides natural enemies (iridescent virus and mermithid nematode). 4. Testing the role(s) of the symbionts in possible protection against infection of vector Culicoides by BTV. According to preliminary findings and difficulties in performing experimental procedures performed in other insect symbiosis systems where insect host cultures are easily maintained, we modified the last two objectives as follows: Obj. 3, we tested how symbionts affected general fitness of Israeli Culicoides species, and thoroughly described and evaluated the correlation between American Culicoides and their bacterial communities in the field. We also tried alternative methods to test symbiont-Culicoides interactions and launched studies to characterize low-temperature stress tolerances of the main US vector, which may be related to symbionts. Obj. 4, we tested the correlation between EHDV (instead of BTV) aquisition and Cardinium infection. Culicoides-bornearboviral diseases are emerging or re-emerging worldwide, causing direct and indirect economic losses as well as reduction in animal welfare. One novel strategy to reduce insects’ vectorial capacity is by manipulating specific symbionts to affect vector fitness or performance of the disease agent within. Little was known on the bacterial tenants occupying various Culicoides species, and thus, this project was initiated with the above aims. During this project, we were able to describe the symbiont Cardinium and whole bacterial communities in Israeli and American Culicoides species respectively. We showed that Cardinium infection prevalence is determined by land surface temperature, and this may be important to the larval stage. We also showed no patent significant effect of Cardinium on adult fitness parameters. We showed that the bacterial community in C. sonorensis varies significantly with the host’s developmental stage, but it varies little across multiple wastewater pond environments. This may indicate some specific biological interactions and allowed us to describe a “core microbiome” for C. sonorensis. The final set of analyses that include habitat sample is currently done, in order to separate the more intimately-associated bacteria from those inhabiting the gut contents or cuticle surface (which also could be important). We were also able to carefully study other biological aspects of Culicoides and were able to discriminate two species in C. schultzei group in Israel, and to investigate low temperature tolerances of C. sonorensis that may be related to symbionts. Scientific implications include the establishment of bacterial identification and interactions in Culicoides (our work is cited in other bacteria-Culicoides studies), the development molecular identification of C. schultzei group, and the detailed description of the microbiome of the immature and matched adult stages of C. sonorensis. Agricultural implications include understanding of intrinsic factors that govern Culicoides biology and population regulation, which may be relevant for vector control or reduction in pathogen transmission. Being able to precisely identify Culicoides species is central to understanding Culicoides borne disease epidemiology.

Hausmann, Ricardo, and Eduardo Fernández-Arias. The Redesign of the International Financial Architecture from a Latin American Perspective: Who Pays the Bill? Inter-American Development Bank, December 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010789.

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This paper considers ongoing and proposed reforms of the international financial system in light of Latin America's recent experience. Most proposals are based on one of three diagnoses: excessive capital flows, insufficient capital flows, and excessively volatile capital flows. While theories of excessive capital flows lack empirical support, these views underlie both current and suggested reforms. A subsequent section evaluates proposals involving official financial support, private sector involvement, and financial standards and regulations. The paper supports measures to reduce contagion and liquidity crises, such as an international bankruptcy court, and attribute Latin American financial difficulties in part to "original sin", countries' inability to borrow long-term in their own currencies.

Salavisa, Isabel, Mark Soares, and Sofia Bizarro. A Critical Assessment of Organic Agriculture in Portugal: A reflection on the agro-food system transition. DINÂMIA'CET-Iscte, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/dinamiacet-iul.wp.2021.05.

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Over the last few decades, the organic agriculture sector has experienced sustained growth. Globally, as well as in the European Union and Portugal, organic production accounts for just under 10% of total Utilised Agricultural Area (UAA) (FiBL, 2019; Eurostat, 2019; DGADR, 2019; INE, 2019; GPP, 2019). This growth has been seen in terms of production, number of producers, amount of retail sales, imports and exports. This article attempts to build on the multi-level perspective (MLP) of the socio-technical (ST) transitions theory by employing a whole systems analysis (Geels, 2018) of organic agriculture in Portugal, which defends an integrated vision of the systems, where multiple interactions occur within and among the niche, the regime and the landscape levels. This approach has been employed in order to develop a critical analysis of the current state of the Portuguese organic agriculture sector, stressing the multiplicity of elements that are contributing to the agro-food system´s transformation into a more sustainable one. In fact, the agro-food system is related with climate change but also has connections with other domains such as public health, water management, land use and biodiversity. Therefore, it is affected by shifts in these areas. This analysis considers developments in increasing domestic organic production, number of producers, amount of retail sales, imports, exports, market innovations, and the sector´s reconfiguration. The organic sector´s increase has been attributed to European regulation, institutionalization, standardization, farmer certification, external (government) subsidy support programs, incremental market improvements (visibility and product access), the emergence of new retailers, the rise of supporting consumers and a shift away from conventional agriculture (Truninger, 2010; DGADR, 2019; Pe´er et al, 2019). However, together with positive incentives, this sector also faces numerous barriers that are hindering a faster transformation. Difficulties for the sector to date have included: product placement; a disconnect between production, distribution and marketing systems; high transport costs; competition from imports; European subsidies focused on extensive crops (pastures, olive groves, and arable crops), entailing a substantial growth in the area of pasture to the detriment of other crops; the fact that the products that are in demand (fresh vegetables and fruit) are being neglected by Portuguese producers; expensive certification procedures; lack of adequate support and market expertise for national producers; the hybrid configuration of the sector; and price. Organic agriculture as a niche-innovation is still not greatly contributing to overall agricultural production. The low supply of organic products, despite its ever-increasing demand, suggests that a transition to increased organic production requires a deeper and faster food system reconfiguration, where an array of distinct policies are mobilized and a diversity of actions take place at different levels (Geels, 2018; Pe´er et al, 2019). This paper will attempt to contribute an overall critical assessment of the organic sector´s features and evolution and will identify some of the main obstacles to be overcome, in order to boost the sustainability transition of the agro-food system in Portugal.

Sekki, Pauli, Eero Saleva, and Pekka Laamanen. Study of ventilated low-slope and large span wooden element roofs in the current and future climate. Department of the Built Environment, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/aau541620957.

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Finland's building regulations and guidelines rely on ventilation to ensure the hygrothermal performance of structures. For wooden roofs, height of ventilation cavity and area of ventilation openings have been determined depending on roof slope and roof area in guideline. This causes difficulties in practical implementation in low-slope roofs with large span, because the guideline leads to large ventilation openings that can be challenging to be implemented. In practice, roof element suppliers have produced roofs with slightly smaller height of ventilation cavities and areas of ventilation openings. This study examined the hygrothermal behavior of the ventilated wooden roof, where the role of airtightness of vapor barrier and ventilation rate were investigated. The ventilation rates of the simulation model were set based on the results of longterm continuous measurement. First, to ensure the applicability of used model, the mold index calculated from measurements was compared to simulated with the design weather data. Next, hygrothermal behavior was evaluated based on mold index using the design climate data (current and future) for airtight and 'loose' structure with various ventilation rates. Results shows that focusing on airtightness is important. However, the larger ventilation rate has an unfavorable effect on mold index which is emphasized in future climate. Thus, revision of the design guidelines is proposed to restrict the ventilation openings and unnecessarily effective ventilation. In addition, air tightness guidelines should be set more precisely from the perspective of moisture safety.

Alonso, María, Eduardo Gutiérrez, Eduardo Moral-Benito, Diana Posada, and Patrocinio Tello-Casas. Un repaso de las diversas iniciativas desplegadas a nivel nacional e internacional para hacer frente a los riesgos de exclusión financiera. Madrid: Banco de España, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/29772.

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Las dificultades en el acceso a los servicios bancarios por parte de determinados grupos de población, especialmente aquellos residentes en zonas rurales y/o de edad avanzada, suponen una fuente de vulnerabilidad ante el riesgo de exclusión financiera de dichos colectivos. Este trabajo ofrece un resumen de las actuaciones desplegadas al objeto de mitigar dichos riesgos en los diferentes países europeos, con especial énfasis en el caso español. Si bien estas iniciativas son de naturaleza diversa y dependen de factores idiosincráticos de cada país, una revisión sistemática de las mismas permite extraer las siguientes conclusiones principales desde una perspectiva comparada. Desde el ámbito de la iniciativa privada, cabe destacar el despliegue en varios países europeos de redes de puntos de acceso al efectivo compartidas por diferentes entidades bancarias, si bien su implantación es, por el momento, relativamente menor en el caso español. Respecto a las iniciativas de colaboración público-privada, tanto en España como en el resto de países europeos, destaca la utilización de los acuerdos entre las entidades bancarias y las empresas de correos, que cuentan con una gran capilaridad en su red de oficinas. Desde el ámbito público, las actuaciones más comúnmente utilizadas se refieren a ayudas para instalar cajeros automáticos en zonas rurales. Por su parte, la regulación de los niveles mínimos de provisión de puntos de acceso al efectivo mediante la acción legislativa solo está vigente en el caso de Suecia, donde el uso de efectivo es tan minoritario que su potencial desaparición supone una amenaza sobre la viabilidad de la infraestructura de efectivo. Difficulties in accessing banking services by certain population groups, in particular those living in rural areas and/or the elderly, are a source of potential vulnerability with regard to the risk of financial exclusion of these cohorts. This paper summarises the actions deployed, by public and private institutions, in order to mitigate these risks in European countries, with special emphasis on Spain. Although these initiatives are diverse in nature and depend on idiosyncratic factors in each country, a systematic review allows the following conclusions to be drawn from a comparative perspective. First, it is worth noting the deployment in several European countries of networks of cash access points shared by different banks, although their implementation is, for the time being, relatively lower in Spain. Second, regarding public-private collaboration initiatives, both in Spain and in other European countries, the use of agreements between banks and post offices, which have well-distributed networks of offices, stands out. Third, the most common public sector initiatives consist of aid for the instalment of ATMs in rural areas. However, legislation regulating minimum provision of cash access points is only in force in Sweden, where the use of cash is so low that its potential disappearance poses a threat to the viability of cash infrastructure.