Готові списки джерел за темами / Regulation network

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Regulation network"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 7 липня 2024
Оновлено: 7 липня 2024

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  3. Книги
  4. Частини книг
  5. Тези доповідей конференцій
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Статті в журналах з теми "Regulation network":

1

Cowan, S. "Network Regulation." Oxford Review of Economic Policy 22, no. 2 (June 1, 2006): 248–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/grj015.

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2

Zhao, Ying Ding, and Xian Xia Qiao. "Review of Modeling Methods of Gene Expression Regulation Networks." Applied Mechanics and Materials 433-435 (October 2013): 783–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.433-435.783.

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the study of Gene expression regulation network is expected to fully disclose function and behavior of the genome from the perspective of system. Now, Gene expression regulation network construction methods include Boolean networks, linear combination, the weighted matrix, Bayesian networks and differential equation, And so on, These methods are real abstraction of gene expression regulation network at different levels. Boolean network is qualitative research network of gene expression regulating, And Differential equation is quantified to describe biological processes by detailed mathematical analysis , But the lack of ability to resist noise, Large amount of calculation and poor robust performance. Bayesian network model is a compromise between the two extreme models. construction of gene expression regulation network is the research hotspot of bioinformatics by Bayesian network.
3

Golikov, I. O., A. V. Vinogradov, V. E. Bolshev, A. V. Vinogradova, M. Jasinski, and R. R. Gibadullin. "Structure of many-level adaptive automatic voltage regulation system." E3S Web of Conferences 178 (2020): 01068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017801068.

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This article describes the features of voltage regulation in electrical networks of 35, 110, 220 kV. The structural diagram of the 35/10/0.4 kV network is presented. The paper also describes the adaptive automatic voltage regulation system which allows regulating the voltage taking into account the actual voltage values at the consumers’ inputs. The structural diagram of the adaptive automatic voltage regulation system in the 0.4 kV electrical network using a boost transformer as an additional means of voltage regulation is given. The system is based on voltage sensors installed in different parts of an eletcrical network sending information on voltage values to to the processing unit which generates a signal for voltage regulating supplied to the executive device and the working body whuch, in turn, change the on-load tap-changer position of a transformer. The paper justifies the need for the enhancement of the adaptive automatic voltage regulation system for different voltage classes wich allows controlling a voltage change at different power supply system levels and regulating voltage level in accordance with this change. For this problem the multi-level adaptive automatic voltage regulation systemis proposed. The system allows regulating the voltage not only in the 0.4 kV network but also in networks of higher voltage classes. The proposed system can be integrated into the structure of intelligent electrical networks.
4

Stern, P. "Subcortical Network Regulation." Science Signaling 2, no. 93 (October 20, 2009): ec342-ec342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.293ec342.

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5

Gao, Xiaozhi, Jiaqi Zhang, Huiqin Sun, Yongchun Liang, Leiyuan Wei, Caihong Yan, and Yicong Xie. "A Review of Voltage Control Studies on Low Voltage Distribution Networks Containing High Penetration Distributed Photovoltaics." Energies 17, no. 13 (June 21, 2024): 3058. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17133058.

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Distributed photovoltaic (PV) in the distribution network accounted for an increasing proportion of the distribution network, and the power quality of the distribution network of the power quality problem is more and more significant. In this paper, the voltage regulation methods for low-voltage distribution networks containing high-penetration PV are investigated. First, the working principles of the four voltage control methods are introduced: energy storage system configuration, regulating the reactive power output of PV inverters, restricting the active power output of PV, adjusting the switching positions of on-load regulator trap changer and distribution network reconfiguration, and then, in combination with the recent related research, the optimization of each method is compared horizontally with its respective concerns and characteristics. The optimization of each method is compared horizontally with the recent studies to find out the focus and characteristics of each method, and the shortcomings of each method are explored. Coordinated voltage control through multiple flexibility resources has become the mainstream voltage regulation scheme, and distribution network voltage regulation is considered from the perspective of flexibility resources. The three types of flexibility resources, namely, source, network, and storage, have been widely used in distribution network voltage regulation. Although load-side resources have become one of the main regulation resources of the new type of power system, the current study introduces less about the participation of load-side flexibility resources in voltage regulation of LV distribution networks and advancing the application of load-side resources in voltage regulation of LV distribution networks is the focus of future research. Then, the important role of load-side flexibility resources in voltage regulation is described in three parts, namely, the important role of load-side resources, the development trend, and the suggestions for promoting the coordination of source-network-load-storage flexibility resources, aiming to promote the application of load-side resources in voltage regulation in LV distribution networks, and the suggestions and programs are proposed for the technological challenges faced by voltage regulation. In the context of today’s new power system emphasizing the interaction of source, network, load, and storage, new technologies and methods for solving voltage problems in LV distribution networks are prospected, with a view to providing certain reference value for the actual operation and optimization of distribution network systems.
6

TUĞRUL, MURAT, and ALKAN KABAKÇIOĞLU. "ROBUSTNESS OF TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION IN YEAST-LIKE MODEL BOOLEAN NETWORKS." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 20, no. 03 (March 2010): 929–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127410026228.

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We investigate the dynamical properties of the transcriptional regulation of gene expression in the yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae within the framework of a synchronously and deterministically updated Boolean network model. With a dynamically determinant subnetwork, we explore the robustness of transcriptional regulation as a function of the type of Boolean functions used in the model that mimic the influence of regulating agents on the transcription level of a gene. We compare the results obtained for the actual yeast network with those from two different model networks, one with similar in-degree distribution as the yeast and otherwise random, and another due to Balcan et al., where the global topology of the yeast network is reproduced faithfully. We, surprisingly, find that the first set of model networks better reproduce the results found with the actual yeast network, even though the Balcan et al. model networks are structurally more similar to that of yeast.
7

Zheng, Boqian. "Research on Criminal Law Regulation of Network Violence." Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 24 (December 31, 2023): 861–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/5z5m6w14.

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Network violence is not a legal concept, in the existing law s and regulations and normative documents, guiding documents lac k of connotation and extension of the concept of network violence provisions, also lack of a normative way to list. This paper analyzes the characteristics of network violence, studies the applicable charges and criminal standards, as well as the regulation of criminal law on network violence. First of all, cyber violence has specific characteristics, including anonymity, dissemination and aggression. Secondly, for different types of cyber violence, different charges and criminal standards should be adopted in order to better punish criminal acts. Finally, criminal law can play an important role in regulating cyber violence. Clear legal provisions and corresponding penalties can effectively deter cyber violence. Therefore, this paper puts forward suggestions to further strengthen the regulation of network violence in criminal law. With scientific legislation as the core, it puts forward ideas such as adding the charges of network violence c rime, reasonable classification and different sentencing, and including the crime of network violence in public prosecution.
8

Davey, Stephen G. "A reaction regulation network." Nature Reviews Chemistry 3, no. 11 (October 16, 2019): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41570-019-0144-9.

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9

Остапенко, Г. А., Д. В. Щербакова, Т. Ю. Мирошниченко, А. А. Остапенко, and А. Г. Краснобородкин. "ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL PROTECTION AGAINST NETWORK ATTACKS: METHODS FOR FORMING PRIVATE POLICIES, REGULATIONS AND INSTRUCTIONS TO ENSURE ORGANIZATION SECURITY (PART II)." ИНФОРМАЦИЯ И БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ 26, no. 3(-) (October 30, 2023): 341–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.36622/vstu.2023.26.3.018.

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Предлагается методическое обеспечение для формирования частных регламентов защиты корпоративных сетей. Представляемая методология создания частных регламентов направлена на процесс управления инцидентами нарушения безопасности, возникающие вследствие реализации различных типов сетевых атак. Частные регламенты включают в себя: регламент обнаружения и регистрации инцидентов нарушения сетевой безопасности, регламент реагирования на инциденты нарушения сетевой безопасности, регламент ликвидации последствий инцидентов нарушения сетевой безопасности. Приведенная методика по построению регламентов позволяет классифицировать инциденты нарушения безопасности, учитывая их уровень критичности и приоритет, также определяет механизмы регистрации. Представлен алгоритм по реагированию на инциденты и по выявлению и ликвидации негативных последствий, вызванных инцидентами. Proposed methodological support for the formation of private regulations for the protection of corporate networks of the organization. The presented methodology for creating private regulations is aimed at managing incidents of security breaches arising from the implementation of various types of network attacks. Private regulations include: the regulation for detecting and registering incidents of network security violations, the regulation for responding to incidents of network security violations, the regulation for eliminating the consequences of incidents of network security violations. The above methodology for the construction of regulations allows classifying security breach incidents, taking into account their level of criticality and priority, and also determines the registration mechanisms. An algorithm for responding to incidents and for identifying and eliminating the negative consequences caused by incidents is presented.
10

Kou, Gang, Xiangrui Chao, Yi Peng, and Fan Wang. "NETWORK RESILIENCE IN THE FINANCIAL SECTORS: ADVANCES, KEY ELEMENTS, APPLICATIONS, AND CHALLENGES FOR FINANCIAL STABILITY REGULATION." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 28, no. 2 (March 28, 2022): 531–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/tede.2022.16500.

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Security against systemic financial risks is the main theme for financial stability regulation. As modern financial markets are highly interconnected and complex networks, their network resilience is an important indicator of the ability of the financial system to prevent risks. To provide a comprehensive perspective on the network resilience of financial networks, we review the main advances in the literature on network resilience and financial networks. Further, we review the key elements and applications of financial network resilience processing in financial regulation, including financial network information, network resilience measures, financial regulatory technologies, and regulatory applications. Finally, we discuss ongoing challenges and future research directions from the perspective of resilience-based financial systemic risk regulation.
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Статті в журналах Дисертації Книги

Дисертації з теми "Regulation network":

1

Lottridge, Jillian Merredith. "Regulation of the yeast endosomal sorting network /." view abstract or download file of text, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3211222.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2006.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 76-86). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
2

Gassner, Katharina. "Liberalisation and regulation in European network utilities." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2002. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1656/.

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This thesis considers different aspects of the liberalisation and simultaneous economic regulation of network utilities in the European Union. Two groups of arguments justify that regulation is maintained in these industries after the removal of barriers to competitive entry. The first group of arguments is linked to the natural monopoly characteristics displayed by such services. These imply that competition cannot be relied upon to restrain the dominant position of network operators. The second group of arguments relates to the social dimension, or public service nature, of utility services. The essential role played by these services justifies government intervention in form of price controls, universal service obligations and other qualitative regulations. The thesis has two parts of different nature, each part comprising two chapters. In the first part, an introductory chapter describes the framework within which the economic regulation of network utilities is inscribed, and discusses key trade-offs between different regulatory policy objectives. The second chapter analyses how the regulatory framework for liberalised network industries developed in the UK compares to the framework in place in Germany. Germany has embarked on reform of its network utilities considerably later than the UK, and displays unique characteristics in its industry structures, in particular a strong federal element. The German case illustrates how the general economic principles underlying the liberalisation and regulation process are interpreted in the European environment, and are adapted to national characteristics. The second part of the thesis focuses on specific aspects of liberalisation and regulation using econometric techniques. In chapter 3, access price elasticities in the fixed telephony industry are estimated on the basis of a pseudo-panel. The main question addressed is whether the rebalancing of tariffs that has taken place in the wake of liberalisation has had the potential to deteriorate household access to the fixed telephone network. The last and fourth chapter looks at patterns and determinants of supplier switching in the domestic gas and electricity markets in Great Britain using data from a true household panel. Its main conclusion is that the likelihood of supplier switching is influenced more strongly by variables linked to cost savings than by socio-demographic factors such as income.
3

Wagner, Andrew T. "The economic consequences of network neutrality regulation." Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13598.

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Master of Arts
Department of Economics
Dennis L. Weisman
The Internet is a network that consists of content providers and users connected to each other through the communication lines managed by network providers. Network neutrality rules are designed to protect independent content providers from unjust discrimination by network providers. This report explores the economic rationale for net neutrality rules, how the regulation should be enforced, and its potential effects on competition. The report finds that net neutrality encourages competition among content providers by subsidizing content provider access but concentrates the market for network providers by forcing network providers to compete primarily through price competition. It considers this to be a beneficial arrangement for economic growth, but observes that there is a potential for all sides of the market to be subsidized by advertiser fees. It also shows that despite the Federal Communications Commission's heavy involvement with network neutrality rules, these rules are actually based in a long history of antitrust regulation. It concludes, however, that the current regulatory environment is sufficient for enforcing net neutrality rules.
4

Silvestri, Virginia. "Network development and regulation in broadband markets." Thesis, IMT Alti Studi Lucca, 2012. http://e-theses.imtlucca.it/102/1/Silvestri_phdthesis.pdf.

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This thesis analyses the issues related to broadband development, investment in Next Generation Networks (NGN) and regulation. The first chapter is a literature review on the determinants of adoption and usage of broadband, on one side, and on the determinants of the investment incentives in NGN and the impact of regulation, on the other side. The second and the third chapters are theoretical contributions to the literature on investment in NGN and regulation. We briefly describe the content of each chapter below. - First Chapter: This study surveys the theoretical literature and empirical evidence on two parallel and related issues regarding broadband development: the demand-side determinants of broadband adoption and usage and the relationship between investment incentives and regulation. The first section presents the results found in the literature on the main drivers of broadband adoption. We report also the empirical literature which attempts to disentangle ”adoption” from ”usage” of broadband. Further, the effect of location on adoption is examined, mainly regarding the rural/urban digital divide. Then, the interaction between fixed and mobile broadband is analysed, particularly discussing whether the adoption of fixed broadband and mobile broadband follows similar or diverging patterns. The second section reviews the literature regarding the determinants of the incentives to invest in broadband and their relationship with the regulatory framework. We also report the most recent studies on the main issues regarding the development of the Next Generation Networks (NGN). - Second Chapter: A vertically integrated incumbent and an OLO (Other Licensed Operator) compete in the market for broadband access. The incumbent has the option to invest in building a Next Generation Network that covers all urban areaswith similar demand structures. The investment return in terms of demand increase is uncertain. We compare the impact of different access regulation regimes - full regulation, partial regulation (only the copper network is regulated), risk sharing - on investment incentives and social welfare. We find that, when the alternative for the OLO is using the copper network rather than leaving the market entirely, exclusion of the OLO does not necessarily happen in equilibrium even when the incumbent is better in offering valueadded services. Risk sharing emerges as the most preferable regime both from a consumer and a social welfare perspective for a large range of parameters. - Third Chapter: We model the competition between an incumbent firm and an Other Licensed Operator (OLO) in the broadbandmarket, where the incumbent has an investment option to build a Next Generation Network (NGN) and it can do so by making a risk sharing agreement with the OLO, or alone. Differently from other theoretical research, we discuss about two different kinds of risk sharing contractual forms – basic risk sharing, where no side-payment is given for the use of the NGN between co-investors, and joint-venture risk sharing, where a side-payment is set by the co-investing firms – and we compare them with the scenario in which the incumbent invests on a stand-alone basis. Then, we consider the introduction of a late entrant and we examine the related impact on the robustness of the risk sharing agreement and the equilibrium results. We find that risk sharing can potentially be beneficial in terms of competition and investments, but the number of firms involved matters and so does the choice of the NGN access price, for insiders and outsiders of the agreement. Although eventually the regulators’ objective is having no more network duplication and all operators using the NGN, it might not be an optimal strategy to start with all the firms in the market involved in a risk sharing agreement, unless the insiders NGN access charge is constrained at zero. Even when the presence of firms outside of the agreement force insiders to compete more fiercely, there might be a concern with the potential exclusion of the outsiders from the NGN. Therefore, a light regulation imposing no exclusion would be advisable.
5

Trujillo-Baute, Elisa. "The Impact of EU Regulation in Network Industries." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/287328.

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Within the European Union (EU), economic regulation is often used as a promotion mechanism to achieve specific objectives. In the telecommunications and the energy sectors this is observable through those regulations that promote the participation of new agents and/or new technologies Access regulation has been implemented in the EU to promote the entrance of new agents in the telecommunications sector. With the aim of stimulating competition and achieving its desired effects in markets and among consumers, new entrants have been provided with access to incumbents fixed-line infrastructure at the wholesale level. Similarly, as part of the EU 2020 energy strategy, the Climate and Energy Package undertook to implement the “20-20-20” targets. Among these, arguably the most challenging is raising up to 20% the share of EU energy consumption produced from renewable resources. Member States have embraced this target by promoting the production of electricity from renewable energy sources. Within the telecommunications sector, one of the markets affected by changes in the European regulatory framework is that of the broadband service. The rationale behind access regulation is that entrants be allowed initially to provide a service that requires minimum direct investment while relying on the incumbents existing network; however, subsequently, entrants are expected to increase their investments as they develop their own infrastructure in a process captured by the “ladder of investment” theory . This EU regulation has clear implications for the firms investment decisions and, as such, for aggregate infrastructure investment at the country level in the telecommunications sector. From a firm level point of view, in the context of the access regulation implemented in the EU, new market competitors are able to provide broadband access for customers by using the incumbents infrastructure, the prices for which are regulated. As such, firm performance is, in part, dependent on regulatory decisions, while the implementation of regulated rates directly affects firm performance in two ways: by impacting the entrants production costs through the input prices and by impacting the incumbents wholesale and retail income. In addition, a firms behavior will also be determined by the firms characteristics, and given that in most countries broadband services are now provided by a broad range of operators, including incumbents and entrants as well as national and multinational firms, these are fundamental for any regulatory analysis. Within the energy sector, following the setting of the 20-20-20 targets under the corresponding EU regulation, the feed-in tariff regulation has become the most widely adopted mechanism by Member States to encourage the take-up and development of electricity generation from renewable energy sources. Under the feed-in tariff regulation, a specific price is guaranteed per unit of electricity generated by the target technologies. In most Member States the cost of resources assigned to promoting the production of electricity from renewable energy sources is borne by the final consumer. In recent years, however, the recession has caused governments, industry and consumers alike to worry about high retail energy prices, and here some of the blame has been attributed to climate policies, in general, and to the feed-in tariff regulation, in particular. In this regard, two components of the electricity retail price can be expected to be influenced by the feed-in tariff regulation: the incentives to those firms producing electricity from renewable energy sources and the wholesale price of electricity. The two components, which act over the electricity retail price in opposite directions, are functions of the proportion and type of renewable sources in the energy mix. Technology-specific considerations are clearly therefore important for any empirical analysis of the impact of EU regulation on the energy sector. This dissertation undertakes an empirical analysis of the impact of EU regulation. More precisely, I analyze the effects of access regulation on the telecommunications sector and of the feed-in tariff regulation as a policy mechanism designed to accelerate investment in renewable energy technologies on the energy sector.
6

Rossouw, Frans Jacobus. "Analysis of voltage regulation and network support technologies." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51588.

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Thesis (MEng)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Recent advances in semiconductor device development pushed a large number of network devices onto the market. These devices can solve network problems more effectively and economically than ever before. Network planners need tools to analyse and implement such devices to help solve the largest network problem in South Africa: voltage regulation. Rural networks experience the majority of voltage-regulation problems in South Africa. The networks are long sub-transmission and reticulation networks and are modelled by two generic networks, namely a radial network and a two-source ring network. The equations describing voltage regulation for the generic networks are developed and implemented in PSAT, a software analysis tool. The voltage regulation for two case studies that represent the two generic networks are analysed. Four generic network devices are defined and various control methods for these devices are developed to solve the network problem. The aim of PSAT is to help the network planner to quickly evaluate a number of possible solutions and to choose the best solution for further studies. This is demonstrated with the aid of the case studies. PSAT provides a sturdy platform on which future developments, such as stability analyses, can be built. However, PSAT can already function as a stand-alone analysis tool to solve voltage regulation as a network problem.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Onlangse vooruitgang in halfgeleier ontwikkeling het 'n groot aantal netwerktoestelle op die mark geplaas. Hierdie toestelle kan netwerk probleme doeltreffender en meer ekonomies oplos as ooit vantevore. 'n Behoefte aan 'n pakket wat netwerkbeplanners in staat stelom die netwerktoestelle te analiseer, is geïdentifiseer. So 'n pakket sal hulle help om die vernaamste netwerkprobleem in Suid-Afrika, nl. spanningsregulasie, op te los. Die oorgrote meerderheid spanningsregulasie probleme word op die platteland ondervind. Plattelandse netwerke word gekenmerk deur lang sub-transmissie en retikulasie netwerke. Hierdie netwerke word met behulp van twee generiese netwerke gemodelleer. 'n Radiale netwerk en 'n dubbelbron ringnetwerk word aangewend om enige plattelandse netwerk te analiseer. Vergelykings is vir spanningsanalise ontwikkel en in PSAT, 'n analitiese sagteware pakket, geïmplementeer. Twee gevallestudies is gedoen om die twee netwerke afsonderlik voor te stel en die vergelykings van PSAT te evalueer. Alle netwerktoestelle is in een van vier generiese kategorieë geklassifiseer. Modelle is vir elk van die kategorieë ontwikkel vtr spanningsregulasie analise. Die doel van PSAT is om die netwerk beplanner te help om vinnig en effektief soveel moontlik opsies te ondersoek as oplossings vir 'n spesifieke netwerk probleem. PSAT is reeds 'n alleenstaande pakket wat in die toekoms uitgebrei sal word om na die analise van stabilitietsprobleme te kyk.
7

GHANEM, AMER. "A Modular Gene Regulation Network Model of Artificial Ontogenesis." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1204580560.

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8

He, Dongze. "Discovery of Causal Regulatory Network of System Level Measurements by Integrative Network Analysis." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1554471052567431.

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9

Maida, Elisabeth M. (Elisabeth Marigo). "The regulation of internet interconnection : assessing network market power." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/79345.

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Анотація:
Thesis (S.M. in Technology and Policy)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2013.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-64).
Interconnection agreements in the telecommunications industry have always been constrained by regulation. Internet interconnection has not received the same level of scrutiny. Recent debates regarding proposed mergers, network neutrality, Internet peering, and last mile competition have generated much discussion about whether Internet interconnection regulation is warranted. In order to determine whether such regulation is necessary, policymakers need appropriate metrics to help gauge a network provider's market power. Since Internet interconnection agreements are typically not published publicly, policymakers must instead rely on proxy metrics and inferred interconnection relationships. Alessio D'Ignazio and Emanuele Giovannetti have attempted to address this challenge by proposing a standard set of metrics that are based on and assessed using network topology data. They suggest two metrics, referred to as customer cone and betweenness, as proxies for market size and market power. This thesis focuses on the efficacy of the proposed customer cone and betweenness metrics as proxies for network market size and market power.
by Elisabeth M. Maida.
S.M.
S.M.in Technology and Policy
10

Larsson, Mats B. O. "The network performance assessment model : a new framework of regulating the electricity network companies." Licentiate thesis, KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-305.

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When the Swedish electricity market was re-regulated in 1996 the trading with electricity was exposed to competition and the net service henceforth should be comprised by a monopoly comprised by a regulation. The regulation was based on a review of the costs of the network companies. No attention were paid to if the network was efficient. The following years many of the networks were sold from the municipalities to power companies, to increasing merger prices. The increasing prices in the mergers were followed by increasing prices to the subscribers of the network services. The regulator tried to stop the fast increasing prices, but didn’t succeed. The regulation paradigm couldn’t face the new realities and had to be revised.

In 1998 the author of this thesis was commissioned by the Swedish Regulator to propose a new regulation model for the Swedish grid companies. Existing models were reviewed but none of them fulfilled the requirements from the regulator; to be self-regulating and give incentives to improved efficiency and distribution reliability. Therefore a new approach was launched. The new approach was to change perspective from a company focus to a consumer focus – a performance-based regulation.

The solution was to base the regulation of the creation of a standard asset, a Reference Network. From this a new model – the Network Performance Assessment Model (NPAM) – was defined. The Reference Network is defined by four definitions, concerning the elements and topology of a Reference Network, the Subscriber Requirements and the Objective Prerequisites. These definitions grants the transparency of the model.

The model is sharp and is run into operation in 2004. The final test of the model indicated that the Swedish network companies are overcharging their subscribers with approximately 20%.

This thesis is an explanation of the model and the definitions, and a review of the thoughts and research which formed the model. Moreover there is a discussion of some topics reported by others in articles about the model. Finally in the conclusion there are topics of simplicity and transparency.

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Книги з теми "Regulation network":

1

L, Moss Diana, ed. Network access, regulation and antitrust. London: Routledge, 2005.

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2

H, Smith Graham J., and Bird & Bird (Firm), eds. Internet law and regulation. 2nd ed. London: Sweet & Maxwell, 1999.

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3

Eroğlu, Muzaffer, and Matthias Finger, eds. The Regulation of Turkish Network Industries. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81720-6.

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4

Maruta, Hiroshi, and Antony W. Burgess. Regulation of the RAS Signaling Network. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1183-6.

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5

Newbery, David M. G. Privatization, restructuring, and regulation of network utilities. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1999.

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6

Wrobel, Leo A. Understanding emerging network services, pricing, and regulation. Boston: Artech House, 1995.

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7

Claude, Henry, Matheu Michel, and Jeunemaître Alain, eds. Regulation of network utilities: The European experience. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.

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8

Darr, Frank. A regulatory perspective on dominance in network markets. Columbus, Ohio: National Regulatory Research Institute, 2000.

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9

Beale, Jeremy. Policy and regulation issues for network-based content services. Paris, France: OECD, 1999.

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10

Palmer, Jon. Selected abstracts on idiotypes, anti-idiotypes and network regulation. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, International Cancer Research Data Bank, National Cancer Institute, 1987.

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Частини книг з теми "Regulation network":

1

Yue, Zongliang, Da Yan, Guimu Guo, and Jake Y. Chen. "Biological Network Mining." In Modeling Transcriptional Regulation, 139–51. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1534-8_8.

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2

Ilić, Marija D., and Shell Liu. "Network-Based System Regulation." In Hierarchical Power Systems Control, 195–217. London: Springer London, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3461-9_8.

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3

Brunekreeft, Gert. "Regulation of Network Charges." In Handbook Utility Management, 435–56. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-79349-6_26.

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4

Alemu, Rachel. "Regulation of Network Interconnection and Network Access." In The Liberalisation of the Telecommunications Sector in Sub-Saharan Africa and Fostering Competition in Telecommunications Services Markets, 211–56. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55318-3_6.

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5

Panlilio, Carlomagno C., Amanda Ferrara, and Leigha MacNeill. "Trauma, Self-Regulation, and Learning." In Child Maltreatment Solutions Network, 61–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12811-1_4.

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6

Ardıyok, Şahin, and Evren Sesli. "Regulation of Rail Transport." In The Regulation of Turkish Network Industries, 241–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81720-6_12.

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7

Erol, Ömer Faruk. "Regulation of Air Carriers." In The Regulation of Turkish Network Industries, 219–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81720-6_11.

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8

Crew, Michael A., and Paul R. Kleindorfer. "Stranded Assets in Network Industries in Transition." In Regulation Under Increasing Competition, 63–78. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5117-1_4.

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9

Aritürk, Remzi Özge. "Privatization of Turkey’s Network Industries." In The Regulation of Turkish Network Industries, 427–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81720-6_21.

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10

Wasserman, Theodore, and Lori Drucker Wasserman. "Neural Networks and Emotion Regulation." In Therapy and the Neural Network Model, 103–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26921-0_6.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Regulation network":

1

Fonteijn, Chris. "Convergence: Challenges in regulation." In 2008 13th International Telecommunications Network Strategy and Planning Symposium (NETWORKS). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/netwks.2008.6231375.

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2

Fonteijn, Chris. "Convergence: challenges in regulation." In 2008 13th International Telecommunications Network Strategy and Planning Symposium (NETWORKS). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/netwks.2008.4763745.

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3

Chang, Chunqi, Zhi Ding, Yeung Sam Hung, and Peter C. W. Fung. "Fast Network Component Analysis for Gene Regulation Networks." In 2007 IEEE Workshop on Machine Learning for Signal Processing. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mlsp.2007.4414276.

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4

Luckie, Matthew, Robert Beverly, Ryan Koga, Ken Keys, Joshua A. Kroll, and k. claffy. "Network Hygiene, Incentives, and Regulation." In CCS '19: 2019 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3319535.3354232.

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5

Japarova, Dinara A., Vyacheslav F. Kalinin, Sergey V. Kochergin, Alexander V. Kobelev, and Lyudmila Yu Korolyova. "Neural Network Voltage Regulation in Rural Power Distribution Networks." In 2021 3rd International Conference on Control Systems, Mathematical Modeling, Automation and Energy Efficiency (SUMMA). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/summa53307.2021.9632127.

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6

Lipatkin, D. V., and A. S. Kashtalinsky. "Optimizing criterion for the traffic control parameters on the urban road network." In Problems of transformation and regulation of regional socio-economic systems. INSTITUTE OF PROBLEMS OF REGIONAL ECONOMICS OF THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52897/978-5-8088-1783-8-2022-50-82-88.

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The digital transformation of the management of the transport complex and the growth of the pace of introduction of intelligent transport systems in the cities of the Russian Federation actualize the issue of finding a universal criterion for optimizing the parameters of traffic light regulation on the urban road network. In this article, as a criterion for optimizing network management, an average value of the travel time in the control area, weighted by the length of the path traveled, is proposed. The value of this criterion lies in the universality, as well as the fundamental technical feasibility of its calculation for a real section of the road network in terms of obtaining initial data. In addition, the article emphasizes the fundamental importance of determining this parameter for various conditions. In order to confirm the effectiveness of using the criterion considered in the article, a model experiment was conducted in the SUMO environment, involving a number of experiments for several control methods on the street network at different intensities of incoming traffic flows. On the basis of experimental data, the dependences of the proposed optimization criterion on control methods and the total volume of incoming traffic flows are obtained. The reliability of the criterion was evaluated. The application of the presented criterion in calculating the parameters of traffic light regulation allows you to select the optimal parameters and in the future provide feedback on the implementation of automatic traffic light control on the street and road networks of cities.
7

Yu, Ying. "An Improved Immune Network Regulation Algorithm." In 2006 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmlc.2006.259081.

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8

Deuse, J., K. Purchala, and G. Bourgain. "Distribution network design, management and regulation." In CIRED Seminar 2008: SmartGrids for Distribution. IEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:20080454.

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9

"Neurotransmitter gene network reconstruction and analisis." In Bioinformatics of Genome Regulation and Structure/ Systems Biology. institute of cytology and genetics siberian branch of the russian academy of science, Novosibirsk State University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/bgrs/sb-2020-177.

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10

Wang, Chang-Chi, Ching-Po Cho, Tsung-Che Tsai, and Chien-Che Hung. "Automatic Regulation Mechanism of Network Congestion for Autonomous Network." In 2021 IEEE 3rd Eurasia Conference on IOT, Communication and Engineering (ECICE). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecice52819.2021.9645607.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Regulation network":

1

Jamasb, Tooraj. Incentive Regulation of UK Electricity and Gas Networks: From RIIO-1 to RIIO-2. Copenhagen School of Energy Infrastructure, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/csei.pb.003.

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The regulatory and operating context of energy networks is dynamic and constantly evolving. Achieving a multitude of economic, environmental, social and policy objectives is a challenging task for the sector regulators. The UK energy regulator Ofgem has proposed a revision of its approach to energy network price control and incentive regulation.
2

Brandstätt, Christine, Manuel Llorca, Alexandra Lüth, Jens Weibezahn, and Tooraj Jamasb. Conclusions on Integrated Network Planning in Europe: The STEERS Project. Copenhagen School of Energy Infrastructure, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/csei.pb.017.

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Network planning is central to a future-proof energy system that is viable within the framework of the European Green Deal and suitable for energy systems integration. The new TEN-E regulation underlines this for European energy networks. The STEERS project aimed at aiding the implementation of its goals, i.e., system integration, the energy efficiency first principle, as well as the improvement of transparency and openness in the planning of energy networks in the European Union, and specifically in the TYNDP process. In this policy brief, we sum up the main conclusions.
3

Robles, Edgar A. Haiti Pension System: Recommendations to Improve the Regulation. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003598.

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This tenth document of the PLAC Network Technical Assistance Document Series, entitled “Haiti pension system - Recommendations to improve the regulation”, provides general recommendations for the regulatory framework of the pension system in Haiti and tries to identify broad key policy options to improve the performance of the pension system. The policies are directed to strengthen and harmonize the rules of governance for the Office Nationale d'Assurance-Vieillesse (ONA), which covers private salaried workers, and the Plan de Retraite de l'Administration Publique (PRAP), to increase their capacity to manage risks, facilitate supervision of pension funds, improve sustainability, adequacy and equity, and establish guidelines for investments policies.
4

Soroush, Golnoush, Carlo Cambini, Tooraj Jamasb, and Manuel Llorca. Network Utilities Performance and Institutional Quality: Evidence from the Italian Electricity Sector. Copenhagen School of Energy Infrastructure, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/csei.pb.005.

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It is generally accepted that institutions are important for economic development. In this work, we analyse how the quality of regional institutions impacts performance of Italian electricity distribution utilities and show that utilities in regions with better government effectiveness, responsiveness towards citizens, control of corruption, and rule of law, also tend to be more cost efficient. The results suggest that national regulators should take regional institutional diversity into account in incentive regulation and efficiency benchmarking of utilities.
5

Marsden, Eric, Noëlle Laneyrie, Cécile Laugier, and Olivier Chanton. La relation contrôleur-contrôlé au sein d’un réseau d’acteurs. Fondation pour une culture de sécurité industrielle, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.57071/933rrr.

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This document concerns the regulatory oversight and governance of high-hazard industrial activities. A complex set of laws, regulations and institutions contribute to the social control of these activities, reinforcing and serving as a complement to the risk prevention mechanisms put in place by operating companies. This document focuses in particular on the relationships between regulated firms, regulatory authorities and third party intermediaries who play a role in safety oversight (certification bodies, auditors, insurers, professional associations, etc.) and the impact of the quality of these relationships on industrial safety. The scope is the prevention of major accident hazards in different industry sectors (process industry, transport, energy), in France and at an international level. We focus our attention on different forms of “coregulation”, the act of enrolling the entities concerned by regulatory measures in their elaboration and the verification of their compliance, which is believed to improve their appropriation by private actors and thereby produce better oversight than classical command-and-control regulation. We analyze in particular the partial delegation of authority, internal risk control mechanisms and the use of third party intermediaries in the oversight process. This coproduction of regulation by public and private entities is increasingly used in different industry sectors, and leads to a more collaborative and interconnected regulatory process, based on a network of actors rather than a simple regulator-regulatee duopole.
6

Marsden, Eric. Risk regulation, liability and insurance: literature review of their influence on safety management. Fondation pour une culture de sécurité industrielle, September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.57071/337rrl.

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This document provides a short literature review on the complementarity (and antagonisms) between liability rules, safety regulation and insurance and their effect on safety management. It draws on a range of disciplines, with a focus on economic analysis of law and regulation theory. Some of the issues discussed are rather complex; this document attempts to provide simple explanations together with references to the professional literature for the interested reader. Some issues are the subject of ongoing debate between scholars; in such situations, we have attempted to present the various points of view. The document provides background information concerning the topics discussed during the NeTWork’2012 workshop, and draws on some of the contributions of workshop participants and the rich discussion which took place during the three days. The first chapter presents issues related to regulation, starting with the classical economic justifications for state intervention (presence of externalities, information failures and moral hazard). A number of obstacles to the effectiveness of safety regulation are presented. Finally, some alternatives or complements to regulation, including self-regulation, are briefly discussed. Chapter 2 presents an overview of liability law, starting with some introductory definitions. Factors which weaken the effectiveness of liability as an incentive to invest in prevention are discussed, as are negative effects of liability regimes on safety management. A number of case studies illustrating the liability of regulators are briefly presented. Chapter 3 discusses the impact of insurance and reinsurance on firms’ and individuals’ safety management. The last chapter briefly analyzes firms’ and individuals’ sources of motivation to take care.
7

Fait, Aaron, Grant Cramer, and Avichai Perl. Towards improved grape nutrition and defense: The regulation of stilbene metabolism under drought. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7594398.bard.

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The goals of the present research proposal were to elucidate the physiological and molecular basis of the regulation of stilbene metabolism in grape, against the background of (i) grape metabolic network behavior in response to drought and of (ii) varietal diversity. The specific objectives included the study of the physiology of the response of different grape cultivars to continuous WD; the characterization of the differences and commonalities of gene network topology associated with WD in berry skin across varieties; the study of the metabolic response of developing berries to continuous WD with specific attention to the stilbene compounds; the integration analysis of the omics data generated; the study of isolated drought-associated stress factors on the regulation of stilbene biosynthesis in plantaand in vitro. Background to the topic Grape quality has a complex relationship with water input. Regulated water deficit (WD) is known to improve wine grapes by reducing the vine growth (without affecting fruit yield) and boosting sugar content (Keller et al. 2008). On the other hand, irregular rainfall during the summer can lead to drought-associated damage of fruit developmental process and alter fruit metabolism (Downey et al., 2006; Tarara et al., 2008; Chalmers et al., 792). In areas undergoing desertification, WD is associated with high temperatures. This WD/high temperature synergism can limit the areas of grape cultivation and can damage yields and fruit quality. Grapes and wine are the major source of stilbenes in human nutrition, and multiple stilbene-derived compounds, including isomers, polymers and glycosylated forms, have also been characterized in grapes (Jeandet et al., 2002; Halls and Yu, 2008). Heterologous expression of stilbenesynthase (STS) in a variety of plants has led to an enhanced resistance to pathogens, but in others the association has not been proven (Kobayashi et al., 2000; Soleas et al., 1995). Tomato transgenic plants harboring a grape STS had increased levels of resveratrol, ascorbate, and glutathione at the expense of the anthocyanin pathways (Giovinazzo et al. 2005), further emphasizing the intermingled relation among secondary metabolic pathways. Stilbenes are are induced in green and fleshy parts of the berries by biotic and abiotic elicitors (Chong et al., 2009). As is the case for other classes of secondary metabolites, the biosynthesis of stilbenes is not very well understood, but it is known to be under tight spatial and temporal control, which limits the availability of these compounds from plant sources. Only very few studies have attempted to analyze the effects of different environmental components on stilbene accumulation (Jeandet et al., 1995; Martinez-Ortega et al., 2000). Targeted analyses have generally shown higher levels of resveratrol in the grape skin (induced), in seeded varieties, in varieties of wine grapes, and in dark-skinned varieties (Gatto et al., 2008; summarized by Bavaresco et al., 2009). Yet, the effect of the grape variety and the rootstock on stilbene metabolism has not yet been thoroughly investigated (Bavaresco et al., 2009). The study identified a link between vine hydraulic behavior and physiology of stress with the leaf metabolism, which the PIs believe can eventually lead to the modifications identified in the developing berries that interested the polyphenol metabolism and its regulation during development and under stress. Implications are discussed below.
8

Barg, Rivka, Erich Grotewold, and Yechiam Salts. Regulation of Tomato Fruit Development by Interacting MYB Proteins. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7592647.bard.

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Background to the topic: Early tomato fruit development is executed via extensive cell divisions followed by cell expansion concomitantly with endoreduplication. The signals involved in activating the different modes of growth during fruit development are still inadequately understood. Addressing this developmental process, we identified SlFSM1 as a gene expressed specifically during the cell-division dependent stages of fruit development. SlFSM1 is the founder of a class of small plant specific proteins containing a divergent SANT/MYB domain (Barg et al 2005). Before initiating this project, we found that low ectopic over-expression (OEX) of SlFSM1 leads to a significant decrease in the final size of the cells in mature leaves and fruits, and the outer pericarp is substantially narrower, suggesting a role in determining cell size and shape. We also found the interacting partners of the Arabidopsis homologs of FSM1 (two, belonging to the same family), and cloned their tomato single homolog, which we named SlFSB1 (Fruit SANT/MYB–Binding1). SlFSB1 is a novel plant specific single MYB-like protein, which function was unknown. The present project aimed at elucidating the function and mode of action of these two single MYB proteins in regulating tomato fruit development. The specific objectives were: 1. Functional analysis of SlFSM1 and its interacting protein SlFSB1 in relation to fruit development. 2. Identification of the SlFSM1 and/or SlFSB1 cellular targets. The plan of work included: 1) Detailed phenotypic, histological and cellular analyses of plants ectopically expressing FSM1, and plants either ectopically over-expressing or silenced for FSB1. 2) Extensive SELEX analysis, which did not reveal any specific DNA target of SlFSM1 binding, hence the originally offered ChIP analysis was omitted. 3) Genome-wide transcriptional impact of gain- and loss- of SlFSM1 and SlFSB1 function by Affymetrix microarray analyses. This part is still in progress and therefore results are not reported, 4) Search for additional candidate partners of SlFSB1 revealed SlMYBI to be an alternative partner of FSB1, and 5) Study of the physical basis of the interaction between SlFSM1 and SlFSB1 and between FSB1 and MYBI. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: We established that FSM1 negatively affects cell expansion, particularly of those cells with the highest potential to expand, such as the ones residing inner to the vascular bundles in the fruit pericarp. On the other hand, FSB1 which is expressed throughout fruit development acts as a positive regulator of cell expansion. It was also established that besides interacting with FSM1, FSB1 interacts also with the transcription factor MYBI, and that the formation of the FSB1-MYBI complex is competed by FSM1, which recognizes in FSB1 the same region as MYBI does. Based on these findings a model was developed explaining the role of this novel network of the three different MYB containing proteins FSM1/FSB1/MYBI in the control of tomato cell expansion, particularly during fruit development. In short, during early stages of fruit development (Phase II), the formation of the FSM1-FSB1 complex serves to restrict the expansion of the cells with the greatest expansion potential, those non-dividing cells residing in the inner mesocarp layers of the pericarp. Alternatively, during growth phase III, after transcription of FSM1 sharply declines, FSB1, possibly through complexing with the transcription factor MYBI serves as a positive regulator of the differential cell expansion which drives fruit enlargement during this phase. Additionally, a novel mechanism was revealed by which competing MYB-MYB interactions could participate in the control of gene expression. Implications, both scientific and agricultural: The demonstrated role of the FSM1/FSB1/MYBI complex in controlling differential cell growth in the developing tomato fruit highlights potential exploitations of these genes for improving fruit quality characteristics. Modulation of expression of these genes or their paralogs in other organs could serve to modify leaf and canopy architecture in various crops.
9

Chen, Xiaole, Peng Wang, Yunquan Luo, Yi-Yu Lu, Wenjun Zhou, Mengdie Yang, Jian Chen, Zhi-Qiang Meng, and Shi-Bing Su. Therapeutic Efficacy Evaluation and Underlying Mechanisms Prediction of Jianpi Liqi Decoction for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Science Repository, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.jso.2021.02.04.sup.

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Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the therapeutic effects of Jianpi Liqi decoction (JPLQD) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and explore its underlying mechanisms. Methods: The characteristics and outcomes of HCC patients with intermediate stage B who underwent sequential conventional transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (cTACE) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) only or in conjunction with JPLQD were analysed retrospectively. The plasma proteins were screened using label-free quantitative proteomics analysis. The effective mechanisms of JPLQD were predicted through network pharmacology approach and partially verified by ELISA. Results: Clinical research demonstrated that the Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS), traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome scores, neutropenia and bilirubin, median progression-free survival (PFS), and median overall survival (OS) in HCC patients treated with JPLQD were superior to those in patients not treated with JPLQD (all P<0.05). The analysis of network pharmacology, combined with proteomics, suggested that 52 compounds targeted 80 potential targets, which were involved in the regulation of multiple signaling pathways, especially affecting the apoptosis-related pathways including TNF, p53, PI3K-AKT, and MAPK. Plasma IGFBP3 and CA2 were significantly up-regulated in HCC patients with sequential cTACE and RFA therapy treated with JPLQD than those in patients not treated with JPLQD (P<0.001). The AUC of the IGFBP3 and CA2 panel, estimated using ROC analysis for JPLQD efficacy evaluation, was 0.867. Conclusion: These data suggested that JPLQD improves the quality of life, prolongs the overall survival, protects liver function in HCC patients, and exhibits an anticancer activity against HCC. IGFBP3 and CA2 panels may be potential therapeutic targets and indicators in the efficacy evaluation for JPLQD treatment, and the effective mechanisms involved in the regulation of multiple signaling pathways, possibly affected the regulation of apoptosis.
10

Aizenman, Joshua, Gazi Salah Uddin, Tianqi Luo, Ranadeva Jayasekera, and Donghyun Park. Effect of Macroprudential Policies on Sovereign Bond Markets: Evidence from the ASEAN-4 Countries. Asian Development Bank, October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps230361-2.

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The paper investigates the effect of prudential policies on sovereign bond vulnerability to global spillover risk in ASEAN-4 countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand). Using a risk network among sovereign bonds, the direct effect is that markets with tighter prudential policies have significantly smaller spillovers from the Treasury yield shocks of other regional and global economies. Combining with indirect effects, prudential policies reduce sovereign spillover risks in the long term. These findings suggest prudential policies have dual efficiency in sovereign risk regulation and Treasury internationalization.

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