Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Regional and development economics"

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Статті в журналах з теми "Regional and development economics"

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Lythe, Charlotte. "REGIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT." Scottish Journal of Political Economy 36, no. 1 (February 1989): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9485.1989.tb01079.x.

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Rangkuti, A. Nur, Ernan Rustiadi, Akhmad Fauzi, and Sri Mulatsih. "Economic Growth, Investment, Economics Agglomeration, And Regional Development Inequality In West Java Province." International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies 34, no. 2 (October 31, 2022): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.52155/ijpsat.v34.2.4606.

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Abstract— High economic growth is not always followed by equitable development in a region. This study aims to see the effect of economic growth, investment, and economic agglomeration on regional development inequality in West Java Province. Timeseries data regression analysis West Java Province in the period of 2004–2018 to estimate the effect of economic growth, investment and economic agglomeration on regional development inequality. The results obtained are that economic growth has a significant positive effect on development inequality, amd economic agglomeration has a positive effect on regional development but not significant, while investment has a significant negative effect on development inequality in Java. Keywords— Economic Growth, Investment, Economic agglomeration, Regioanl Development Inequlity.
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3

McLean, Beverly M. "Studying Regional Development: The Regional Context of Economic Development." Economic Development Quarterly 10, no. 2 (May 1996): 188–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089124249601000205.

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Kilkenny, Maureen. "URBAN/REGIONAL ECONOMICS AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT." Journal of Regional Science 50, no. 1 (February 2010): 449–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.2009.00661.x.

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Gaffikin, Frank, and Mike Morrissey. "Regional Development." Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit 16, no. 1 (February 2001): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/026909401300050812.

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This article addresses regional development in a con tested society, examining the extent to which the main region al strategies in Northern Ireland form an integrated approach to resolving not only the structural weaknesses in the economy, but also the outcomes of the socio-spatial segregation attendant upon the ethno-nationalist conflict. From this analysis, it proposes a model of regional development that transcends the traditional ‘auction’ approach, whereby sub-regions view themselves as rivals in bids for development opportunities. The argument is advanced that the twinning of the processes of regeneration and reconciliation is essential to long-term progress.
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Carroll, Michael C., and James Ronald Stanfield. "Sustainable Regional Economic Development." Journal of Economic Issues 35, no. 2 (June 2001): 469–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00213624.2001.11506381.

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Palomino, Juan. "Development of Regional Economics Studies in Peru: Contributions and Criticisms." Economia 43, no. 86 (August 11, 2020): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18800/economia.202002.002.

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This research presents an overview of the evolution of regional economic studies in Peru. After a brief introduction, the document presents a summary of the different conceptions of space in Regional Economics through time. In addition, the document shows the origins of Regional Economics, as well as the factors that explain the interest in the development of regional studies in the Latin American context. This document also explains the importance of the geographical space of Peru for regional research. Indeed, the country is the perfect setting because Peru has a wide geographic diversity (ecosystems, microclimates) throughout its territory, it has implemented a variety of public policies to propose economic growth measures, and it has many social issues to propose territorial policies (migration, crime, health, employment, among others). Despite these characteristics, regional research in Peru is relatively less than in other Latin American countries. Finally, the document offers the contributions and criticisms of the regional studies in the Peruvian context.
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Harman, John. "Regional Development Agencies." Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit 13, no. 3 (November 1998): 194–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02690949808726443.

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Yakymchuk, Alina Yuriivna, Andriy Mykolaiovych Valyukh, and Liudmila Mykolaivna Akimova. "REGIONAL INNOVATION ECONOMY: ASPECTS OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT." SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN OF POLISSIA 1, no. 3(11) (2017): 170–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2410-9576-2017-1-3(11)-170-178.

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Heijman, Wim J. M., and Auke R. Leen. "On Austrian regional economics." Papers in Regional Science 83, no. 2 (April 2004): 487–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1435-5597.2004.tb01919.x.

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Дисертації з теми "Regional and development economics"

1

Cavalcante, Anderson Tadeu Marques. "Regional financial development and economic growth." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610634.

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Alakshendra, Abhinav. "Essays on development and regional economics." Diss., Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/14128.

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Анотація:
Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Economics
Dong Li
Wayne Nafziger
The dissertation includes three essays on development and regional economics. Son preference prevails among Indian couples. I test the hypothesis that women who bear sons experience an elevated status within the household, which translates into their increased role in decision-making. The first essay empirically examines the issue. Using data from the Indian Human Development Survey, I find that women who have given birth to at least one son show greater participation in the household’s financial decisions as well as other decisions in a household. Presence of a senior member in the household, however, reduces the women’s relative household bargaining strength. The second essay examines the wage differentials of natives, naturalized citizens, and immigrants on the basis of gender, and for the latter two categories, on the basis of region of origin. This paper argues that the assimilation effect for naturalized citizens should be stronger than that for immigrants since a naturalized citizen, on an average, spends more than 15 years in the country, much higher than immigrants. I find that immigrants experience higher increase in wages than naturalized citizens with longer stay in the United States. The essay concludes that this trend in wages cannot be explained by the assimilation argument alone. We also report that naturalized citizens command higher returns to higher education than immigrants. The third essay explores issues in regional economics. Kansas has the third largest public highway miles and one of the highest miles per person in the country. Due to declining rural population, counties lack the required tax base and fiscal health to support their large ailing rural road infrastructure. The average farm size is increasing and so is the size of vehicles using the rural roads. This paper suggests removing some rural low volume roads from the county road network as one option. I study three Kansas counties to analyze the cost-benefit of reducing low volume road miles. I find that rural counties will be able to save money by closing some low volume roads.
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Kazi, Mazharul Haque, of Western Sydney Nepean University, and Faculty of Commerce. "Economic development in regional perspective: policy implications for Australia." THESIS_FCOM_XXX_Kazi_M.xml, 1997. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/693.

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This thesis aims to ascertain the pivotal issues that are of most significance for economic development in regional Australia. To understand these issues, it is necessary to understand prevailing economic development theories which have been traditionally considered in a nation’s policymaking. A review of a wide range of theories revealed that no single theory or set of theories provides desired outcomes from the perspective of long-term economic development of a nation given its existing structure. Researchers and policymakers throughout the world are engaged in searching for suitable options, and the ‘regional economic development with local planning’ approach for regional policymaking has been identified as a suitable option for a developed nation. The tested hypothesis of this thesis indicates that to help accelerate a smooth long-term development process of regional Australia, a suitably designed local planning approach is necessary. Simultaneously, providing an improved coordination mechanism is vital. Establishing an independent regional institutional setup throughout regional Australia should be given greater consideration as a priority issue
Master of Commerce (Hons)
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4

Stephens, Heather Marie. "Three Essays in Regional Economics." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1338575844.

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Berthelon, Matias. "Essays on regional integration and development economics." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/38.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2003.
Thesis research directed by: Economics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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McRae-Williams, Pamela. "Wine and regional tourism : Cluster complementarity and regional development." Thesis, University of Ballarat, 2005. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/35842.

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This thesis investigates the impact of clustering on the development and operation of wine and tourism industries in Victoria, Australia. Specifically, the research analyses the structure and competitive strength of industry players, and highlights the importance of geographic co-location on their behaviour. In essence, this study examines micro-clusters in these regional industries to identify overlap and complementarity between them. The research focuses on three case studies based around geographic locations in Central and Western Victoria - Ballarat, Northern Grampians and Bendigo regions. "The primary aim of the study is to gain an understanding of the scope of wine and tourism micro-clusters and how they interact. [...] Generally speaking, this study develops and applies a framework that demonstrates the relevance of cluster theory as a regional development tool for scenarios that fucus on co-located clusters at a micro level, as opposed to the majority of research reported that focuses on the macro level."
Doctor of Philosophy
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Dunne, Janeen Mary. "Towards a regional development strategy for Namaqualand." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15857.

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Анотація:
Bibliography: leaves 269-279.
Initiated by the Second Carnegie Conference on Poverty in South Africa, this study analyses the causes and extent of underdevelopment and poverty in Namaqualand and outlines a possible approach to redress these problems. Namaqualand is shown to be a sparsely populated area, the physical characteristics of which are both a fundamental cause of underdevelopment and a constraint on future development. It is argued that competition for land and other resources is an important cause of poverty in the region. The processes by which the indigenous population was forced into uninhabitable areas, and mission stations were established to reserve land for local people, are traced. The contradictory role of missionaries is analysed as well as Government and other's efforts to coerce the region's inhabitants into wage labour. Relevant literature is reviewed to elucidate underdevelopment and the scope for future development. The conclusion drawn is that no body of theory adequately explains Namaqualand's underdevelopment or offers workable solutions. An eclectic approach is adopted. The present socio-economic characteristics of the population and the state of development in the major economic sectors are described. It is evident that there is little economic diversification. Namaqualand's inhabitants depend heavily on economic activities vulnerable to marked fluctuations. Employment opportunities are limited. Living standards are constrained by poor education, physical and social mobility. Current development projects and strategies are listed and analyzed. Initiatives taken by various development agents are found to have been retarded by the constraints already mentioned. It is concluded that they lack co-ordination and do not form part of a clearly formulated development strategy. A development proposal encompassing distinct strategies is presented. These are: (i) to enhance economic mobility (ii) to improve the quality of life (iii) to exploit development potential. The ways in which these strategies complement one another are outlined, and government's role emphasized. It is argued that efforts should be concentrated on activities in which Namaqualand appears to have a comparative advantage. The need for applied research into appropriate projects and techniques is stressed as is community involvement in all phases. Close co-operation between development agents is essential. Finally in an addendum some constraints and parallels between Namaqualand and some smaller black homelands in South Africa are drawn. Statutory influx control has not determined Namaqualand's low population mobility. Emigration is possible and should constitute a vital element of any development strategy for the region. The effect on the rest of South Africa would be negligible compared to the black homeland's surplus population. At the same time the need for local government initiatives and for the transfer of public resources into such regions is stressed.
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Chung, Seung-hun. "Three Essays on Regional Development." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1566143437804679.

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Rivera, Ashley Caron. "Economic development at the Port of Brunswick: an analysis of the impact of infrastructure improvements." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33964.

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Between 1999 and 2007, a series of infrastructure improvements were completed at the Port of Brunswick, Georgia, in order to increase cargo capacity at the port. This paper looks at the port for indications of economic development generated through this infrastructure investment. Infrastructure improvements impact Georgia's economy by making additional cargo throughput possible through the Port of Brunswick by enabling larger cargo vessels to access the port. Additional cargo traffic generates economic opportunity by creating jobs to handle, move, sell and produce this new cargo volume. This analysis investigates what the infrastructure improvements accomplished in terms of improved port operations, what measurable impact they have had on throughput at the port, and associates these changes with economic gains for the State of Georgia. Primary research is used to determine exactly what infrastructure projects were undertaken and how each impacted the port in terms of operations, actual new business and potential growth. This data on increased cargo volumes, realized and potential, is translated into statewide economic impact through existing data on how port traffic affects economic indicators such as output, gross state product, income and employment. The infrastructure improvements created measurable gains at the Port of Brunswick in terms of increased cargo volumes and new business contracts. The effect through the State of Georgia is much greater when economic multipliers are considered.
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Cloney, Mark James. "Regional development in Australia : rethinking the basis for regional policy." Phd thesis, Faculty of Economics and Business, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/12120.

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Книги з теми "Regional and development economics"

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Pattnaik, Kishore Chandra. Regional economic development. New Delhi: Sonali Publications, 2006.

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Lavrov, Sergeĭ Borisovich. Concepts of regional development. Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1988.

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Lavrov, S. B. Concepts of regional development. Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1988.

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Entrepreneurship and regional development. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2010.

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5

Jean, Drèze, Sen Amartya Kumar, and World Institute for Development Economics Research., eds. Indian development: Selected regional perspectives. Delhi: Oxford Univ. Press, 1997.

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6

Stimson, Robert J., Roger R. Stough, and Brian H. Roberts. Regional Economic Development. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04911-2.

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J, Goetz Stephan, Deller Steven C, and Harris Thomas R. 1948-, eds. Targeting regional economic development. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2009.

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Euan, Hague, and Breitbach Carrie, eds. Regional and local economic development. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.

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Regional economic development: Theory of policy. Delhi, India: Anmol Publications, 1986.

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Henrik, Halkier, Danson Mike, and Damborg Charlotte, eds. Regional development agencies in Europe. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 1998.

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Частини книг з теми "Regional and development economics"

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Harvey, Jack. "Balanced Regional Development." In Intermediate Economics, 465–77. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21228-6_31.

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Harvey, Jack. "Balanced regional development." In Mastering Economics, 252–59. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13504-2_21.

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Harvey, J., and M. K. Johnson. "Balanced Regional Development." In Modern Economics, 117–19. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23360-1_35.

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Harvey, Jack, and Ernie Jowsey. "Balanced Regional Development." In Modern Economics, 433–45. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-08602-0_35.

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Harvey, Jack. "Balanced Regional Development." In Economics Revision Guide, 141–45. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13313-0_35.

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Guo, Rongxing. "Border-Regional Development." In Border-Regional Economics, 116–36. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-11268-7_7.

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Eckaus, Richard S. "Regional Development." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 1–4. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_1726-1.

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Eckaus, Richard S. "Regional Development." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 11434–37. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95189-5_1726.

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Nerm, inž Kesra. "Regional Development: Economic Perspective." In Contributions to Economics, 5–29. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-2179-6_2.

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Nerm, inž Kesra. "Computer-Aided Regional Development Analysis." In Contributions to Economics, 125–55. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-2179-6_6.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Regional and development economics"

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Blauch, Matthew E., William K. Morrison, John G. Wilkinson, Jim Minthorn, and John Terracina. "Enhancing Unconventional Gas Development Economics Through Proppant Surface Modification." In SPE Eastern Regional Meeting. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/51049-ms.

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Krasnova, Tatyana, Alexander Dulesov, Alexander Pozdnyakov, and Alexander Vilgelm. "Methodological Development of Socio-Economic Monitoring Information System at the Regional Economics." In 2022 15th International Conference Management of large-scale system development (MLSD). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mlsd55143.2022.9934468.

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Kabir, Shahriar, and Ruhul Salim. "Regional Currency or Regional Trade Policy? An East Asian Perspective of 21st Century Growth." In Book of Abstracts International Conference on Economics and Development. The International Institute of Knowledge Management, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17501/25368338.2019.3101.

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Ausmus, G. H. "Dale/Coteau/Bluell Development and Economics, Burke County, North Dakota." In SPE Rocky Mountain Regional Meeting. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/17519-ms.

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Yan, Xiong. "The Development of Regional Economic Integration and Chinars Foreign Regional Economic Strategy." In 2018 4th International Conference on Economics, Social Science, Arts, Education and Management Engineering (ESSAEME 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/essaeme-18.2018.24.

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Bang Vu, Tam. "Vocational Schools and Regional Development in China." In Annual International Conference on Qualitative and Quantitative Economics Research. Global Science and Technology Forum (GSTF), 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/978-981-08-8957-9_qqe-013.

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Sutikno, Henny Oktavianti, and Atut Frida Agustin. "An Evaluation of Regional Development in Gender Perspective: Study in East Java Regional Development Process." In Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on Islamic Economics and Business (ICONIES 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iconies-18.2019.75.

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"Study of Regional Economic Differences and Their Impacts." In 2018 International Conference on Economics, Finance, Business, and Development. Francis Academic Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.25236/icefbd.18.014.

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Hlavnova, Barbara. "SUPPORT OF DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL TOURISM IN SLOVAKIA." In 14th SGEM GeoConference on ECOLOGY, ECONOMICS, EDUCATION AND LEGISLATION. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2014/b52/s20.086.

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ZIEDINA, Dace, and Modrite PELSE. "REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT INSTRUMENTS FOR PROMOTION OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN TERRITORIES WITH UNFAVORABLE SOCIO-ECONOMIC SITUATION: THE CASE OF THE LATVIA." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.045.

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The development gap between regions and even countries has always been actual problem in field of regional policy. Regional development disparities especially are important problem in territories with unfavourable socio-economic situation. To minimize this problem, many Eastern Europe countries, including Latvia, implemented special economic zones and free ports as regional development instrument with aim to mitigate regional development differences between regions by attracting investments and creating new jobs. Experience with special economic zones in Latvia are likely close with Poland’s case, thus experts from Poland affirms that, every 100 jobs given in special economic zone create on average about 72 jobs outside the special economic zone hosting territory and 137 jobs in neighboring counties. Latvia, since the restoration of sovereignty, established five economic zones in total – two of them are situated in Latgale, which is the least developed region of Latvia. Researchers have not been widely contributed to analysis of special economic zones impact to regional development. Authors evaluated impact of created job places of special economic zones in Latgale region to unemployment level. Results of research show that special economic zones as regional development instrument creates significant impact to regional development in territories with unfavourable socio-economic situation.
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Звіти організацій з теми "Regional and development economics"

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Unger, Kurt. Regional Economic Development and Mexican Out-Migration. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w11432.

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McCall, Jamie. Community Development in the Southeast: Regional Economic Indicators. Carolina Small Business Development Fund, June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46712/comm.dev.se.

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Demurger, Sylvie, Jeffrey Sachs, Wing Thye Woo, Shuming Bao, and Andrew Mellinger. Geography, Economic Policy, and Regional Development in China. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, April 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w8897.

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Lombard, Paulus, Kumares Sinha, and Deborah Brown. The Impact of Highway Services and Expenditures on Regional Economic Development. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313416.

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Tegen, S., D. Keyser, F. Flores-Espino, J. Miles, D. Zammit, and D. Loomis. Offshore Wind Jobs and Economic Development Impacts in the United States: Four Regional Scenarios. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1171787.

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Papola, T. S. Integrated Planning for Environmental and Economic Development of Mountain Areas; Report of a Regional Meeting of Planners and Experts. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.234.

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Verburg, Peter H., Žiga Malek, Sean P. Goodwin, and Cecilia Zagaria. The Integrated Economic-Environmental Modeling (IEEM) Platform: IEEM Platform Technical Guides: User Guide for the IEEM-enhanced Land Use Land Cover Change Model Dyna-CLUE. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003625.

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Анотація:
The Conversion of Land Use and its Effects modeling framework (CLUE) was developed to simulate land use change using empirically quantified relations between land use and its driving factors in combination with dynamic modeling of competition between land use types. Being one of the most widely used spatial land use models, CLUE has been applied all over the world on different scales. In this document, we demonstrate how the model can be used to develop a multi-regional application. This means, that instead of developing numerous individual models, the user only prepares one CLUE model application, which then allocates land use change across different regions. This facilitates integration with the Integrated Economic-Environmental Modeling (IEEM) Platform for subnational assessments and increases the efficiency of the IEEM and Ecosystem Services Modeling (IEEMESM) workflow. Multi-regional modelling is particularly useful in larger and diverse countries, where we can expect different spatial distributions in land use changes in different regions: regions of different levels of achieved socio-economic development, regions with different topographies (flat vs. mountainous), or different climatic regions (dry vs humid) within a same country. Accounting for such regional differences also facilitates developing ecosystem services models that consider region specific biophysical characteristics. This manual, and the data that is provided with it, demonstrates multi-regional land use change modeling using the country of Colombia as an example. The user will learn how to prepare the data for the model application, and how the multi-regional run differs from a single-region simulation.
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Bondonio, Daniele. Does the Running Variable Matter? A Second Look at Discontinuity Designs for Evaluating Regional Economic Development and Business Incentive Policies. DINÂMIA'CET-IUL, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/dinamiacet-iul.wp.2019.03.

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Mooney, Henry, David Rosenblatt, Monique Graham, Natasha Richardson, María Cecilia Acevedo, Stefano Pereira, Khamal Clayton, Cloe Ortiz de Mendívil, and Victor Gauto. Caribbean Economics Quarterly: Volume 11, Issue 2: Finance for Firms: Options for Improving Access and Inclusion. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004392.

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This edition of the Caribbean Economics Quarterly (Q2-2022) is a collaboration between the IDBs Caribbean Country Department and IDB Invest, which focuses on firms access to finance. The report begins by considering both the nature and history of the regions financial sector development, highlighting key measures of financial access and adequacy. It then leverages enterprise survey data developed by the Compete Caribbean partnership to assess legacy and emerging challenges facing firms from across the region, including those owned and/or operated by women. Newly available data from 2020 are compared with a previous vintage of the surveys from 2014, providing important insights into how circumstances have evolved, especially considering the COVID-19 shock. The analysis suggests that: (i) financial sectors and firms across the Caribbean face outsized challenges, particularly when compared to peers across the globe; (ii) the COVID-19 crisis appears to have further constrained access to finance; (iii) smaller firms appear to face more significant hurdles than larger ones; and, (iv) women-owned and/or operated firms face more severe challenges with respect to financial access than other firms across the region. Policies and reforms with the potential to improve financial development, access, and inclusion are highlighted, as well as successful examples of IDB support and collaboration in related areas across the Latin American and Caribbean region.
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Kuiken, Todd, and Jennifer Kuzma. Genome Editing in Latin America: Regional Regulatory Overview. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003410.

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The power and promise of genome editing, CRISPR specifically, was first realized with the discovery of CRISPR loci in the 1980s.3 Since that time, CRISPR-Cas systems have been further developed enabling genome editing in virtually all organisms across the tree of life.3 In the last few years, we have seen the development of a diverse set of CRISPR-based technologies that has revolutionized genome manipulation.4 Enabling a more diverse set of actors than has been seen with other emerging technologies to redefine research and development for biotechnology products encompassing food, agriculture, and medicine.4 Currently, the CRISPR community encompasses over 40,000 authors at 20,000 institutions that have documented their research in over 20,000 published and peer-reviewed studies.5 These CRISPR-based genome editing tools have promised tremendous opportunities in agriculture for the breeding of crops and livestock across the food supply chain. Potentially addressing issues associated with a growing global population, sustainability concerns, and possibly help address the effects of climate change.4 These promises however, come along-side concerns of environmental and socio-economic risks associated with CRISPR-based genome editing, and concerns that governance systems are not keeping pace with the technological development and are ill-equipped, or not well suited, to evaluate these risks. The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) launched an initiative in 2020 to understand the complexities of these new tools, their potential impacts on the LAC region, and how IDB may best invest in its potential adoption and governance strategies. This first series of discussion documents: “Genome Editing in Latin America: Regulatory Overview,” and “CRISPR Patent and Licensing Policy” are part of this larger initiative to examine the regulatory and institutional frameworks surrounding gene editing via CRISPR-based technologies in the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) regions. Focusing on Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay, they set the stage for a deeper analysis of the issues they present which will be studied over the course of the next year through expert solicitations in the region, the development of a series of crop-specific case studies, and a final comprehensive regional analysis of the issues discovered.
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